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JOHN G. POLHILt, .EDITOR. GEORGIA, SATURDAY, JANUARY 8, irwr pfiSSBAL UBTXON •.' The Office is on IVuyne-Street, opposite Mc- Ail Aovna risEMEifTS published at the usual rates. •rj 3 * Eicli Citation bv the Clerks of the Courts of Or- j™ that apulioation has been ru.ule for Letters of Ad- jiistratfon, UJSI be published Thirty days at least. N >ticc by Executors and Administrators ior Debtors a-i I C ediurs to render iu their accounts must be publish* ^Sales of Heroes by Executors and Administrators must be advertised Sixty days before the day of sale,. Sdcs of personal properly (except negroes) of testate and iutes I ate estates by Executors and Administrators, jujst be advertised Forty days. Applications by Executors, Administrators and Guar di. ms to the court of ordinary for leave to sell Laud must be published Four months. Applications by Executors and Administrators for Let ters Dismissory, must be pablished Six months. Applications lor forr closure of Mortgages on Teal Es tate must be advertised once a month lor Six months. Sales of real estate by Executors, Administrators and Guardians must be published Sixty days before the day of sale. Tucse sales must be made at the court-house d j.>r between the hours oI 10 ix the morning and (our in the lfternom. No sale from day to dayis valid, unless so expressed in the advertisement. Orders of Cullrt of Ordinary, (accompanied with a copy of .be bond, or agreement) to make lilies to Land, must fee advertised Three months at least. S:uiill ’s s lies under ex cations regularly granted by the court?, must he adveiiised Thirty days. She sties under mortgage executions must be ad- ®IiTt Days heforetheday of sale. Sheriff's sales of perishable property under order of Coirt must he advertised generally Ten days. Ail HiiDEtti for Ad>erlisemcnts will be punctually at tended to. All Letters directed to the office, or the Editor, .most *v*.ivjjt paid to entitle them to attention. COiTGRiJSSIOl.'ATL. Report oj the Secretary of the Navy Navy Department, tith Dec 1US0. The following report, ofot he transactions of the N ivy ol tiie United Slates during the pre sent ye »r, tvidi ;t view ol the several subjects connected with i(s interests, is respect fully laid before Ihe President of the United Stales. America, adapting it better for. the harbors it is forced to look to for security against the tempestuous weather so often experiened ou these coasts. In a former communication made to you. it was noticed that the sloop of war Vincennes, commanded by Gaptnin Finch, which had conk posed one of the squadron in the Pacific ocean, had been directed, (after the expiration of the term limited for the cruize on the coasts of Chili and Peru) to touch at the Marquesas, Society, and Sandwich Islands; and, after spending the necessary time in looking to the United States’ commercial concerns m that quarter, lo take Canton, &c. in the way, and thence, by the Cape of Good Hope, purtu the usual route to the United States. This order has been faithfully executed; the ship has returned in good condition, With its crew well disciplined, and in excellent health. The particulars ot tins voyage are given in the Report ol Captain Finch. These have a claim to the attention of the public, from the iniormation afforded on mauy points refilling to the character and habits of a people just e- merging from a stale of simplicity and igno rance, and, from their peculiar locality, neces surily controlling the comforts of the large number of the United States’ citizens <vho an nually visit them. The great amount of tonnage End capital employed in the whale fisheries, in the adjoin ing seas, makes i(« convenient prosecution a mailer ol no inconsiderable concern to the na tion. The necessity, also, for repose after the long voyages required by this trade, and the want ol supplies lor health and convenience, and re pairs of the vessels, render these Islands pla ces of general rendezvous; & it is consequent ly of great importance that the most friendly intercourse he maintained with the inhabitants. Captain Finch, by his judicious and conciliato ry deportment, has probably secured a long continuance of kindly treatment to his counlrv- Tlif! Siato pf the Navy, since ibp comniuni cation m:ulatay.o-u m December last, has been, ! men front these people, and has added greatly general! the impi gaged, cals mil v r, favorable to its active exertions in ;rta»t pursuits in which it lias been en- No dii-tri's&ing casually or marked has assail' d it since the loss of the s'o"p of War Hornet; information of which la mealed event was received prior to the ad jonrn nent of Hie last se «>o ol Congress. Tne active' force employed within the year “has not been essentially varied llom that kept in serv-ice for several years past. This con- sics of five frigates, ten sloops of war, ami four, schooner-: of these the most efficient squadron, composed of .two frigates and tour sloops, has h< ou required to cruize in the Med ilerrane.in Sea, where, from the large iuterest ei gagt-d in mexeaolile udveuturos to (lie seve ml Slates ou its coasts, its presence was deem cd of must importance. This lias continued uud r the command of Com. Biddle. Twoo! the vessels comjrosing it have been relieved, their terms ofoservice having expired, and their places Mipplitd-by the sloops of war Con CQfd ‘and Boston; the former being first order ed to Cuiivt-.y the United Slates’ Minister to Russia, and the latter to Take the U States’ Consul General to tlie Barbary Powers. The state of these vessels In s been repre sen’ed to be, in point of ord-rand prepanrfrion for service, every way worthy of approbation, and (he discipline .exact, without rigor*—prom alt required efficiency in its-force.- Un der the command of (his ;»hle.and -vigilant tiffi cer, all the.necessary protection has been giv en to the ira.de mj Ihat.quarter,-w case haviug come to the knowledge of (he Department of injuries from piratical attacks; and, with.the several Stat s and sovereignties bordering .on its coa-ts, Ihe best uttdersd-mddig inis been pre served This squadron cojtl4nui?s fo.Tenxlttz Vous at ihe port-of Mab. pi, h-the. Island ol Minorca, a privilege w iuch-ha s been ; conced ed bv the Oavcrtnm nt of Spain, affording great conveniunc*itT<a4he U S ales’ squadrons, especially at seasons when th-eir safety would he endangered by remaining at sea. Mere they etijov a re^pit-ft irom llie labors and dan gers of the ocean, in a climate mild and tavora- Vile to (he restoration ol lhc healthful their | cr.-rt’s, after longatul laborious servtc&at sea | Other changes in the vessels employed in this sea are contemplated during the next year but tire torce is not pro.posed to be do -inir.ishcd; nor, in the present agitated condi tion of tho contiguous States, could this be done, without subjecting the commercial en terprises of the country to the casualties at- J tending a state of warfare, should such.be the ■unhappy result of the present hostile iuctrca- ■A'ons iu that quarter. _ - -3 '1 lie squadron appointed to cruize on the *(Boasts of Brazil and Buenos Ayres, and the Pa- , Jtafic ocean, lias been sUnidiB engaged iu g-uard- ^'■pog the United States’ mercantile interests on ?Rhese coasts. This Service has been perfuxm- r fed 'With fidelity and success; and the flag of ^ -the Union now gives full security to the mcr HlchaudUc it is authorized to introduce and ex- change with the respective countries to which |.‘k is carried. ^ ihe cessation of hostilities . between the Slates of Chili and Peru and the mother coun try, and between Brazil and Buenos Avres. has (really favored the advances of trade, and di ke mrshed (he hazards of mercantile adventure |with every part of the South American conti- lent. But the unstable and inefficient gov* Jrimicnts of a part of these States.forbid the pdea that this can long be enjoyed, without nnharrassmcnls and vexatious interruptions, Inless it shall be sustained by the presence of Ian active protecting force. It cannot, conse quently, be believed to be consistent with (good policy to lessen the efficiency of this force. Several of the vessels composing these two Squadrons, will be relieved in the course of the next year, preparation for that purpose being m actjve progress. It is also contemplated to lo the prospects of a successful termination of their enterprises. Some extracts from this report are herewith transmitted, marked A. Tho squadron which has been maintained in the West Indies and Gulf of Mexico consists, at present, of four sloops of war and three schooners, under the command of commodore Elliott. . Several changes have been made in ihe vessels employed on this station, in conse: quence of the expiration of the terms of ser vice of tire crew?, or the want of repairs of the vessels. No causes are supposed to exist making it necessary to add to this force; nor can it be safely diminished, though the energy arid activity witb which it has guarded the U- uited States’ trade, may be said, for the pres ent, eflectually lo have suppressed piratical aggression. - The great facilities afforded by the inlets and harbors of the Inlands in the Mexican gull for the resort and concealment of the vessels engaged in the commission or piracies; the class of population with which these Islands abound, composed ol relugees and outlaws, es caped from the punishment due- ter crimes committed in other countries, give advanta ges for piratical enlerprizes scarcely known in aity other quarter oftbe globe. Nothing short of tho exertion of positive and continued force can be expected to keep these marauders iu check, ami give the desired security to trade. The invasion, which took place during the last year, pf the* territories of the Mexican States, by an armament from the Island oJ Cuba, having given ground for apprehension that lire United States' trade to these Slates might suffer from the pretexts afforded by this state of conflict between the two countries, an act was passed at the last session of Congress authorizing the employment of some addition al force upon that station, lu conformity to the ptovi-uuns of that act. the frigate Brandy wine, under the command of Captain Ballard, was cqtupped and despatched fox that coast, and continued for several- months to cruize in its vicinity. Whatever .danger might have threatened the trade in that quarter, has been effectually parried by the means taken for its protection; and this ship, after, returning to the United States for the necessary refitments, has since sailed to join'tho Mediterranean squad ron and relieve the frigate Java. It is believed that great advantages might be derived from changing, to a certain extent , f hodescript ion ol Naval Ioffe employed in tjm West Indies, especially fox the suppression of piracy* . - ■ The proposed change would consist o. the sufotrtuiion of three schooners in lieu of one of the sloops of war now employed in that ser vice. Vessels of this force would be fully able to cope with and capture any piratical cmizer which might be expected to be encountered on this station; and they would possess thegrea- teradvantage of multiplying, by the increased number of the squadron, the chances ol dis co vexing the enemy, while their structure and inferior size would diminish the risk ot herng known in their appxoaches. Their lighter draft of water would favor the pursuit mto the obscure recesses and haunts of these exuizers, aiul give fhe important facitity of entering ma ny of the harbors ou the Mexican gulf, for the security against the frequent hurricane® pre vailing in tropical climates. It is respectfully recommended that an ap propriation be made for building the propos ed number and description of vessels. The health of the officers and crews of the United States' vessels of war has been gene rally good, and uninterrupted by the attacks of the epidemic and malignant fevers which are so readily engendered in tropical climate®, and which exert such fatal influence on the constitutions of persons not familiarized to a resilience in them. This may be ascribed, to Ihe economy of vessets^of war, and (he adantn ’ion oft he diet antf drr.ss of I be crews to I h ' Cmperatiireof the coasts and countries wberf- their duties are to be" performed. The mod ern discoveries in chemical science have also been resorted to, to preserveAhe mariner from the attacks of these fatal maladies Several communications have been received (Vein Ok Surgical Department of the Navy, by whom experiments on the chloride of lime were or dered to be made, giving the results of tfiei observations on its powers in preventing the generation of such diseases. From these a few extracts Itave been taken, and arc herewith transmitted, marked B. •These luruish subjects for congratulation to the friends of the improvement of the condi tion of the seaman’s life, and indicate that the period is not remote when a service in the cli than formerly, but iu a manner better securing both the strength-and durability of the ship. Paper marked C, annexed, contains iatWtna tion in detail on this subject.' Extensive bouses have been prepared for the reception of^-materials provided under this act , and other buildings are iu progress, which will give complete p-oteetion to the large stores; now deposited at the different yards, and those which are to be 'delivered tinder ex isting contracts. The necessary examinations required by this act, to determine the practicability and ex pediency of erecting a 'marine rail-way at the Navy yard, Pensacola have been made by one ol the United States’ Engineers. The Views of this officer on this subject were laid before the Board of Navy Commis siouers.and they have expressed the opinion mates ol the torrid zone will no longer be the j that it is not expedient or proper, under the re terror of nautical men, but will be perform- j strict ions and conditions imposed by t l, e act, ed with as lair a prospect of exemption from ' to'cause the construction of this desirable im provement to he attempted. It is indispeusn- disease as is oow experienced in the tempe rale latitudes; It is to lie regretted that an exception to <his general healthfulness of the Navy has becti experienced in one offhs vessels of the West India squadron. From the communications of Commodore Elliott, it appears that the yellow lever made its appearance oil board the sloop of war Peacock some time in the month of June last, and that it continued to harrass the crew of that vessel after its return to Pen sacola, in September, nor were its attacks in termitted until it had deprived the service of lour valuable officers, and of several seamen It is worthy ol remark, that, on board this vessel the powerful preventive agent above- mentioned was not Used,‘the' surgeon relyintr, lor the preservation oftbe health of the crew, on Ibe superior cleanliness and well ventilated state of the vessel. ’Ihe Commissioners of the Navy Board, in l»le, however, that some facility should be af forded at this most convenient position for the repairs of the vessels of war engaged in the West India service. It is proposed tbat a wharf suitable for these purposes should be built, in place of the contemplated rail-way; and the necessary estimates for its erection aro in readiness to bo transmitted. Further efforts have been made for the ex ecution of this act as far as it relates to the preservation of the live oak growing on the coasts cf the Atlantic and Gulf ot Mexico. By the fourth section of this act, the Presi dent is authorized io provide for the preserva- ed in the annexed report. Understanding tk law in the limited acceptation represented Iwyc, it iriMau Af «to sc executed accordingly# and every effort made by the Department to confine the application of this fund Within the pale of its provisions.- Tbe term for which Ihe crew of the Java bad been enlisted having nearly expired, that vessel has been ordered to return to the Uni ted States; in'doing Which, the commander baa beeu required, in furtherance of the human* policy pursued by the Government, to touch at the settlement at Liberia, and to aid in en forcing the laws which have been enacted for the suppression of tbe slave trade. In a communication heretofore made to you, <he opinion was expressed that the number of N vvy yards now established and in operation was greater than was required for the present wants of the naval service, and that a part, of them were liable to the further objection of in convenient location, both from their great dis tance from the ocean, and the deficiency in the depth ot water for tbe larger classes of ves sels. • ' 'This opinion has not been changed bV any information since obtained, or by subsequent consideration of the subject. Should, it however, become the necessary policy of tbe government to make a great ad dition to its uaval force, it is possible they may all be found useful, especially for the repairs of the smaller classes, and as depots for mate rials for the Navy, collected from the contigu ous country. Whatever course may be pursued in refec tion to these establishments, it is believed to tion of this timber; but it seems to have been be oi the utmost importance to the security intended that the power should he limited to that object. An interpretation of the law has, heretofore,' been entertained extending this power not only to tlie planting of the acorns, and the cultivation of plantations of young trees, but to the purchase from individuals of terpretinsr the act making an appropriation for lands producing them. The paper accompa- make some changes in the description of force I some degree, to the ijnproved system ol to be employed on the Atlantic const ef South jiilution, and the great neatness observed *n the repairs of vessels in ordinary, and the wear and tear ot Vessels in commission as admitting a greater latitude in its application to naval purposes, than, it is believed, was contempla* tod by tho framers of the faw; or was admissi- hie by a fair construction of its terms, have caused to be boijfi out of that fund, a new sloop of war, in the place of the “John Ad ams,” which had been found defective in the model, and otherwise unfit for repair. This subject was referred to your considera tion; and, in conformity to your decision, an ordor has been issued, requiring that, in future, the application of this fund shall he confined to tbe repairs of vessels in ordinary, and the wear and tear of vessels in commission; and that no vessels shall be built or rebuilt, unless authorized by a specific appron» , *o*'«n The condition of the Navv hospitals at most of the Navy Yards in the United States is en tirely deficient in the mentis of giving accom modation to the invalids ofttie Navy who may be so unfortunate as to require it. At tpost of these places, the only provision made for their comfort during illness is some temporary shel ter or old building, possessing ho one of the requisites neccessary for this purpose. The mariner »yhro returns aft r long and faithful ser vice in distant and uncongenial climates, finds no asylum prepared for his reception and re covery from diseases incident to such service, hut is compelled t.o linger out his fife in crowd nymg this marked D, shows the amount which has been expended on these plantations, and the sums which have beeu paid to individuals lor the purchase of tracts of such lano. When it is considered that this timber is the natural product of the coast of (he U. States from the St Mary’s to the Sabine; that th^ greater part of ibis belongs, to the U. States and is proposed to be retained with a view to preserving a supply of this important material for the Navy, it can scarcely be ’necessary for t he present to engage in its artificial propaga tion or culture. Under an impression that this system is nei ther expedient, nor in conformity to the inten tion of the act, an order has been given to dis continue the works after the expiration of the p re sprit year. Bat iL» j - . . /» *L? #»~ • • • ject of great importance, and should be pros ecuted with an active and undeviating pur pose. In aid of those measures which have been heretofore resorted to, a vessel of such draft of water as was adapted to the navigation of the rivers and creeks of the coasts of Florida, and fhe Gulf of Mexico, has been selected and fit- cd out, and the command given to a vigilant and enterprising officer oftbe Navy, who has boon required to visit, from time to time, as the seasons or circumstances would permit, every section of these Coasts, and to use the ed mid confined apartments, even loss favora-! utmost efforts to suppress further depredations hie to his restoration than the held of tire ves sel from which he has been discharged The funds ivhich have accrued from the montFdy deductions of the pay ofi the Navy, and ihe several appropriations made by Con gress, have been exj»ended in the erection of two magnificent buildings, neither of which has been finished, and but one of them (at Nor folk, Virginia,) is applicable to, or designed for, the accommodation of the sick For se« v ral years to come, there cannot be snch an accumulation of Navy hospi»a! capital as will enable the commissioners of that fund to en gage in the construction of other useful and permnment budding-, for these objects. At Pensacola, to the rnitd and salubrious c!r~ mate of winch the invalids of the Navy look with so much anxiety as a place of refuge and restoration from tropical pestilence, there i- no building which will even protect the siif fixers from the inclemeticcs of (he weather much less secure to them (he convenience- and comforts which their situation demands. At New York, and" at Charlestown, Massa chusetts. the ncce sary lands have been pur ciiused with the Navy hospital funds for the erection of buildings for 1bc use of the sick, and aro'in every respect favorably situated for affording the advantages which such establish ments should possess. These sites, in the vicinity of stat ions which are of so much'importance to the Navy, frotp the mimbar of efficient recruits enlisted at them fox its service, remain unimproved,, and unprovided with the buildings that are indis pensable Tor the welfare of the invalid The laws passed at th? last and preceding sessions pf Congress for the gradual improve ment oftbe Navy, the protection of the ships in ordinary, and for the preservation of the materials for naval purposes collected at the different Navy yards, have received a due share of the attention oftbe Department. Tfie construction el'the two dry-docks au thorized tinder tbe first of these acts, at Bos ton and Norfolk, is progressing. The one at Boston is now in such a stale of advancement as to induce the expectation that it may be brought into operation during the ensuing year, or early in 1832. The completion of these two laborious and expensive works will mark an important advance in the progress of our oava! improvements. Repairing the ships of war of the larger classes, hitherto a work of so much labor, expense, and hazard, .will, by the conveniences afforded by these oocics, be ren dered comparatively easy, and may beexeep ted, not only without risk and at far loss cost upon the public interests. Surveyors and a- gents.huvc also been directed to explore such parts of fhe coast as abound whh the live oak, (o designate the boundaries between private and public claims to land, and to mark out such tracts as they may think it most conducive to lh6 public interest should be reserved from sale. ~ - The accompanying report of the Fourth Au «fitor of the Treasury, marked E, shows tire several sums which have been paid in carrying into effect tire act of 3d March, 1819, and oth er acts, making appropriation for supporting & removing certain persons of color from ihe U. States to the coast of Africa. It appears from, this statement, that ubdeX authority cf these acts, 252 persons of this description have been removed to the settlement provided by tbe Colonization Society on the coast of Africa; and that there has been expended therefor the “urn of two hundred jumI sixty-four thousand seven hundred and ten dollars. These several acts appear to have been passed in a spirit of justice arid benevoleiice, to repair, as far as possible, the injuries inflict ed by the citizens of the United States upon the defenceless persons who are the subjects of the African slave trade; andthe appropriations have been made with a liberality Correspond ing with the humane intentions of the framers oftbe laws. The terms of these acts are sufficiently de fined to be readily intelUgildb. It would seem, that the authority given the'President was lim rted to the support of the negroes or persons of color during t heir stay’in the United States, to their rethoval to the coast of Africa, and to (be delivering of them to the care of an agent, &c. There is no power expressly vested in the Executive to provide, after such delivery, either for their support or protection. A lib eral interpretation ol' the law might permit some allowance to he made for their mainte nance all ex being landed, until they could find employment by which it might be earned But this even would be authority from infer ence only, and should be cautiously exercised The practice has been to furnish these per-, sons vrit h provisions for a period of time, alter being landed in Africa, varying from six months to one year; to provide them with houses., arms, & ammunition; to pay for the erect ion of fortifications; for the building of vessels for their, nse; and, in short, to render all the ®id£ required for tbe founding and support of a co lonial establishment. This iatitudinous interpretation of the law has resulted, in (ho heavy expenditures' delail- and general interest of the Navy that other positions be sought for, possessing greater ad vantages, aDd not liable to the objections which have been mentioned. Few positions on our maritime frontier olfof all the requisites for such purposes. But where these are found, it cannot be good policy to neglect the measures necessary to secure the possession and improvement of them. The advantages believed to be possessed by the Dry Tbrtugas, in the Gulf of Mexico, for such an establishment, have heretofore been represented to Congress, and it is much to he desired that the opinions of (he intelli gent naval officer? who have recommended this positiou should be tested by the more mi* nutc examinat ions ol Engineers possessing the scientific knowledge necessary for its.acurate determination. Pensacola, as a place of depdl and resort for vessels of war requiring supplier or repairs, has much to recommend it, beiog contiguous to that part of the United States’ coast which, it may be presumed, it will long be necessary should be guaroea. particularly i»y that class possessing a healthful climate, and the country in its neighborhood abounding with the best materials for the construction of vessels of war But, as a place of general rendezvous for fleets or squadrons composed of ship® of the largest chases, it cannot, in the present state oftbe entrance into its harbor, be regard* ed as offering the required facilities. From a .report made by Ihe Department of War to the House of Representatives on tho 5th February, 1830, it appears that a survey was made of this harbor during tbe preceding year, with a view of determining the practica bility of deepening the channel of the entrance into this harbor, and thus adapting it to tbe great purposes of a naval depot for the United Stales* Navy. The result of this survey was entirely favo rable to the expectation of success from such an undertaking, and at an expense not estimate ed to exceed $107 000 Wh ther the work, if it could be accomplished, would secure a permanent facility of entrance, uninfluenced by the operations of the tides and storms, can only be determined by the experiment. The object, however, is one of deep interest to those sections of the United States embraced within the valley of the Mississippi, a® well ap to those engaged in conveying their produo- t’ons to market. The CQuimunication made by the Commis sioners oftbe Navy, dated 19th October, 1829, and addressed to you* with the report oo naval affairs, at the commencement of the last ses sion of Congress, afforded some views in rela tion to the fitness of the harbor of Newport# Rhode Island, or sobie place in the Narragan- set hay, for a naval depot and rendezvous for (be United States’ Navy, From this it ai’pears that the general advan tages of this harbor or bay, for such purposes, are,. in some respects, superior to any position east of the Chesapeake bay. In addition to the information furnished by (his document, it will be found, on reference to the surveys of Captain Evans and Perry, made by order of the Navy Department in 1815 add 1817, that the places referred to combine almost every advantage desirable for such an establishment; especially a facility of ingress and egress, with a sufficient depth of water for ships of tbe lar gest classes, and of a capacity to permit the largest fleets to ride within their waters, in se curity from storms, or obstructions from accu# mutations of ice; that its proximity to the ocean gives all ihe advantages of convenient attack or retreat from an enemy; and that, from the number and nature of the channels qjf entrance add departure, a fleet could not be blockaded within it without an application of force incomparably greater than the one in tended to be shut up; and that it is believed to be defensible at au expense far less than that which ha been incurred for similar objects.*— In addition to these important advantages, ifc is described by the officers above-named aj admitting of the entrance cf vesselswith th# wind blowing from points of the compass dur ing the prevalence of which it would fee impes- sibfe to make .a port k> any harbor on the eaa* tern coast oftbe United States. This peculi ar facility might, If the harbor was