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L t C THE FEDERAL .editor. MIL.L.EDGEVIL.L.E, GEORGI TUESDAY, JANUARY 26, 1831. VOLUME 1, NUMBER 29. mTrti rsDEHAL I'NIOM • I | 'j'UPKt) ufi ;<i every . D ...j before tin v us per an- ePtl of tlx opposite Me I Is p jbli.h -'i cicij •- * Bum, in idcance, or Faua ‘ n3t P“^ f y« ir. The OTue is on Waynt-Mreel, j P- h,i *V J V 1 ,', “ r* 1 r. I - -3S» ii ac i, c tation by the Cleiks of the Courts of Or- * iu7lic4ti.m has been made (iir Letters of Ail- m . 'it- mjst be publisiied Thirty days at least. 10 V vtice by EK-’CUtbrs and Administrators (or Debtors an t 0 - Jit irs to render in their accounts must be publish- cJ Six weeks# •• S il^s )i •! *4r<>'s !>y G^cutors and Administrators must tc .ldrortise 1 Sixty days before the day of sale. Silesof ;j?rs cial properly (except negro's) of testate ail intestate estate* by Executors aud Administrators, in ist be Advertised Forty days. \ K>*ie itio=i3 by Executors, Administrators and Guar di t'H to 'lie court of ordinary for leave to sell Land must be published Focr mostiis. Applications by Executors and Administrators for Let ters Dismisjory, must be published Si ■: months. Applications lor fort closure of Mortgages on real Es tate must b advertised once a month for Six months. Sales of real estate by Executors, Administrators and Q i ir liuns nud be published Sixty days before the day of sale. These sales must be made at the court-house clair between the hours of 10 iu the morning and four in the sftern >>n. No sale from day to day is valid, unless expressed in the advertisement. O'lers >f Courtof Ordinary, (accompanied with acopy of the bond, or agreement) to make t sties to Lund, must be advertised Thre'e months ut least. Sheriff's sales under executions regularly granted by the courts, niostbe advertised Thirty days. Sheriff’s sales under mortgage executions must bead- VCrtis d Sixty days before iheday of sole. Sheriff’s sales of perishable property under order of Gouri must be advertiseil generally 1 en pays. All ' iK’DGKi for Advertisements will be punctually at tended to. * * + + All Le'tcrs lircetcd to the office, or the Editor, m i it h •> aqit vaid * » en*i' 'e them to iilet'tinn. 1 "■ ? 1 ■" ! ■ GEORGIA ZiEGISIsATURE. W rl are requested to announce tb I AM i> SCOliGIN. Esq * Sh ;ri(T of Baldwin county at the next oflje* ra. e name »»i v\ ILL s a candidate f lection for county November f> W E are authorised to announce Hubert Frown, E-q. of Jasper county, a candidate for 8 irv-. vi r for the purp jsc of running If the Lauds wit tin the bO'inds .of'.be Cherokee nati-ui oi lri ti^ns. Jen t5 MILLEDGEVILLE LOTTE liAhOSIC e? HALL. &0QQ PHIZES TO EE 22*LWJ II! On Tuesday, The first day ofi .March next, lIE FOU ru D A V’S IHLAVVfNi. ..!! be com- me need at which time will be deposited the follovv- tng Capital Prizes in addition to those yet remaining in T l a i nm, * PRIZE of $15 000 1 PRIZE of $600 1 do. it 1 0«)0 1 do. 41 500 \ do. •c 900 l do. is 400 1 do. Cl 800 l do* «« .30J 1 do. cc 700 1 do. U 200 Which wi I make the list of Prizes, then to be fluting, .stand as follows, viz: i <> A* I 3 3 3 15 of $15,000 of 10,000 5,000 of of of of of 1,000 900 800 100 2 2 4 4 4 3 35 of of of of of of of $700 OG0 500 TOO 800 200 50 Resides Twenty’s and Ten’s The Board of Gommissmncrs have, resolved to cum- .mence the FcAirlit Day’s Drawing with ONE THOUS AND PRIZES, and to continue such an arrangement of the subsequent_ drawings us will bring the Lottery to a IJV THE HOUSE OF REPRES'RJCTJ1T1VE8- SPEECH OF MR. TOWNS, CF TALBOT COUNTY, ON WOOD’S RESOLUTIONS. Mr. Speaker—I do not consider any apolo gy necessary lor the time I shall consume af- ter witnessing the range gentlemen have taken in this debate. It has been my custom Sir, when speaking of men and measures, to take no greater lati> mle-than the freedom of debate, ami the rules of this bouse secured to me; and even Sir, were I cm this occasion to transcend' those just boundaries of restraint, at all times necessary for the discharge of our duties on ibis floor, might I not look to the example of the honor, hie gentlemen from Baldwin ahd Twiggs, to justify my course—but pardon me St, should 1 not deem it necessary to the suc cess of my cause, to assume the attitude and deal in terms so incompatible with the dignity ofthis house. Nj Sir, the principles that lam about to advocate, and winch have received the opposition of the honorable gentlemen from Baldwin and Twiggs, needs no vaunting, or extraordinary exertions on my part, to carry conviction to 1 lie mind of every candid repnbli- cunofthe inestimable truths embodied in them selves. I am happy Sir that the resolutions 1 am about to vindicate, rest not so much upon the abilities of the advocate, as upon the pro» v sions of that constitution which in the Ian guage of the resolutions has been the admira t ion.of the tvho’e ivorhh -d>d they rest on the former I should withdraw from the contest, and frost their fate to some more able hand. But Sir, they ace doubly fort died—though their friends may be but few iu this house—though they may he denounced, and their supporters vilified, yr t Sir, they will find a congenial -tome, in the bosom of every man, who is de voted to the Federal Constitution, and looks *o the Union of these States as one ofthe hies -iogs for which our forefathers fought, and glo riously corjqu red. Yes, Sir. the threatening lone and contemptuous sneer of gentlemen in rhe opposition may acquire for them the plau dits. and admiration oft hose who are in feeling with them, hut the truth always powerful is not to be smothered, anti gentlemen will find, hat sooner, or later, the freemen of this State, and the patriotism of Georgia will burst forth, <n a torrent, not to be stopped at the nod of one man> or the concentration of that aid, which is now and for some time has been, obe dient to his bidding. Sir, 1 desire to be un derstood as entertaining high personal respect far the honorable gentlemen from Baldwin and Twiggs & would not ungenerously wound their feelings, hut Sir, they must remember that they have dealt out with no sparing hand re proachful terms against the measures and mem bers of that party with which I am numbered: tnd whilst it may he necessary to reply to the remarks of gentlemen, with some freedom, 1 shall never loose sight of that temper which I -mould be glad to Ere cuter into all of the deli berations ofthis house. As the gentleman from Baldwin gave some indications in the course of hr.- remarks that he would give good reasons against the proprie ty of the passage of the resolutions on your ta ble. it i> but due to that gentfr man and his ar- 8 ^Those vviio have vested their funis in this Lottery may |jguments to give them my earliest attention.— ?7tf u| calculate on being very soon relieved from their suspense and those who have oat yet purchased 1 ickels must do ideal they do quick y ” , , . Until the lirst day of March mix , f<ckcls ntaj be had at tlif present prices— WHOLES $ 10—shares in proportion. All ORDERS (post-paid) will meet prompt at tention. Add t eas to WYATT FOARD, Secretary to Commissioners. jf, IU T) ie Office ot the Commissioners is removed to .(be stand recently 'occupied by H. Costiurd, Eaq January .9 ~~ EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, Milled'tvUlr, 5tlt January, 1831 ^BTOTICR IS HERESY GIVE*, tfw in pursuance o T W n Act, passed ihe ’Aid December 1S30, entitled an Ac-., •To provide lor the temporary disposal of tbe im provements and poss-.-ssions purchased from certain Che rokee Indi >.ns and residents” all the improvements and possessions which formerly belonged to the Cherokee < r Creek Indb»n3 and which have been psid lor by the Uni lcilSia'd* Government *nd have not been otherwise dis posed of bv the State, situated in the county of Carroll, w.tl bo rented by public out-cry nt Carrollton, on tin Iri on J ICtb—those if: DcKalb, at Decatur, on the lSthand l'Jtn; in Gwinnett, at Lawrencevilte, on the 21.land 2id; m Hall, at Gainesville, on h- 23d; and in Haber sham, at Clarksvillle, on the 25th of February next. The leases n ill be far one year commencing lr>’tn ■the. firstnf February 1831. The persons renting will be required <o give notes far the rent with approved security payable du the 1st of January, 1832. By the Governor, MILLER GRIEVE, Sec’ry Ex Dep. Jan 8 27 4t SURVEYOR GENERAL’S OFFICE, t Milled*eville, 5th January, 1831. $ P URSUANT to an Execulive Order from his Excel lency ihe Governor, I am instructed to request the Surveyors elected for laying off, into Districts, the Terri lory belonging to the State of Georgia, ncccnpied by the Cherokee Indians, to be and appear at MilledgcviHe on or .before the first day of February next, for tbe purpose of liling their bonus, adjusting their chains and coir.p isses, taking the oath required by law in conformity to the art of the General Assembly, passed the 21st December 1830, TTtive their instructions and proceed immediately to the discharge r.f ihe tr duties, of which they are hereby npti- (3 ) JOHN BFTHUNE, Sur. Grn. , nn _. LTOTICil. , , 1 DO tiEREBt forewarn all persons from trading for M. a certain Note of hand given by myself t*» one John and James Joyce, for Thirty dollars, dated lh< 2lst day o( August, 1830, due the I9thdiy of December, 1330. as the consideration for which said Note was given having entirely failed. L- BERRY GREEN. January 9 27 3* ble gentleman from’ parage his claims to pie ofthis Slate—h< upon the principles Wanted to Hire Immediately, a PRIME NEGRO MEN, for the use of the Corporation of Mil- ledgeville for the yew 1831. Apply to W. R. HILL, Marshall. January 8 27 tf W ANTED TO HIRE, by tbe month or year, a smart NEGRO GIRL, ten «r twelve years of %—for one well recommended liberal wages will be giv- «n- Apply at this Office. ® ^7 3t if r m OFFICE* The gentleman commenced by asking “wheth er the object of the resolutions was to promote the interest of a party’*. Sir. my answer i^. that a* an individual and a Georgian, I tell ii to be mv privilege and my duty too Sir, t< give a free and unreserved expression of my prine.iples in r- iaiio , loall measures connected with the .happiness of the people when lh< * safety and interest demanded it. The resolu tions I -upport contain my doctrines on several cardinal principles ofthis government. I be lieve they are the doctrines of pure republi canism 1 believe they are the doctrines that will perpetuate Ibis Union, that will stand the test, and receive the sanction of the friends ot good order, and bring onr fellow citizens to a just conct ption in what consists their true hap piness—If Sir, to disseminate such doctrines, as calculated to promole Ihe interest of a par ty in this State, then I am happy to believe that 1 am attached to a party that is and have ever been struggling, to preserve our Const itu- ;ion and Laws in that purity, which the Father of the American people lell them, and to give just warning to our fellow-citizens of the ap proach of such men 4r measures as that father in his valedictory address warned os of. The honorable gentleman from Baldwin was pleas ed to remark “that there was no political hon esty or political wisdom in bringing forward th''"resolutions at this time. Mr. Speaker these are strong terms, and ill become the dignity ofthis hoiLse. Strong as they are however, the gentleman has not sustained them by argu ment or facts—he has left them whe.e he de livered them, unsupported by any other au thority than the character of the name that has given them utterance. And though in pri vate life tbe character of that name would claim of me high respect, yet in political dis cussions the mere declaration of that gentle man is not to upset a system pf political truths that have received the unqualified approbation of the distinguished statesmen and patriots of mir revolutionary struggle. The honorable wentleman indulging in the richuess uf lw® cy imagined that he had dkcovered in the “face of the resolutions, the character of the mover, that though the lion’s head was not brought to view, yet from the battlements was seen floating in the air his terrific mien.” Yes Sir, it required no extraordinary exertions of the’ mental powers to have discovered the character ofthe individual that penned the re solutions upon your table. It is fortunate for that gentleman, it is fortunate for this country, that there are yet to be found among us, those whose patriotism is not supplanted by ambition —and that when they attempt to submit their views to their fellow-citizens, that their tru- ^character m»y be 8 e*o—but Sir* if the hooora- aidwin intended to dis- e confidence of t he poo ls content to rest bis fab mbodied in the rcsolu lions upon your tahje—and though he may weep as a father woultov^r the follies of a son for the indiscression of l1t<?ir opponents—when his laksnts mid his tintfe have been devoted to the preservation of that constitution whiqh all profess to revere, but which he adores—he will content himself with the consolation that he has done all he could do, to resene his countty from its impending danger, and if the hand of power which is now levelled at him, should ult imately triumph, and his country fall, the sin will not be upon his head. The hon orable member from Baldwin believed it im proper to reflect on the South Carolina doc trines—he believed he had the sentiments of South Carolina in his pocket—he generally carried them. Sir, the gentleman may have an advantage over me in that particular, ] do not envy him in it . I do not carry the nullifying doctrines of South Carolina in my pocket—I am not sufficiently fond of them, to give them a protecting place so near my system. I am fearful of the contact—there is a principle in thosH doctrine?—-a virus Sir, which if not re strained in its circulation must ere long, con sume all that is held sacred and dear, to the American people;—I mean your constitution The gentlemen fiom Baldwin and Twiggs have said much in compliment of Soulh Carolina and her triendly feeling? towards Georgia; I had supposed the gentlemen would have kept silent on that subject, yet one of the gentle men was candid enough to admit that a few years ago trad feelings did exist between the 1'roup party of this and the present nullifying party oi South Carolina That the Clark par ty in Georgia Was at that time friendly to the advancement o| some ofthe distinguished men ol South Carolina, and Ihe Troup party op posed to them Mr Speaker permit me to give some expla nation, in relation to the relative changes in parties in this Siateand South Carolina. Ami suIIUr me Sir, at the onset to draw a distmc tion, w hich I desire to be understood as tbe feelings of the Clark party. When speaking ot SoUfh Carolina, that they have not waged war against Soulh Carolina as a State, or a- gainst all the people ofS. Carolina. And it will be distinctly recollected Sir, that the resolu tions now under consideration throughout do not contain the name of S. Carolina—that they only attack the doctrine of nullification, wher over it may be found, whether in Georgia or South Carolina, or elsewhere. And Sir, whilst explaining, it is hut due to the friends of the resolutions, to say, that if the doctrines of nul lification had no> been entertained by some of our citizens that the resolution deprecating that doctrine would not have been incorpora ted. This explanation and honest avowal are due by the friends of the resolutions to those who arc opposed to nullification whether of South Carolina or elsewhere. But Sir. the honorable member froth Baldwin has enter tained this house with copious extracts from the late message of the Governor of South Carolina to show his friendly feeling toward the rights of Georgia m the acquisition oi her territory. I listened and was amused Mr. Speaker at tbe ingenuity of gentlemen in en. deavoring to mislead this house, by contrast- ng the sentiments of the G »vern»r’s Message of South Carolina with the resolutions on your table. The one they compliment as the mag nanimous interposition of a sister Slate to aid Georgia io a perilous and dangerous confl ct. whilst Georgia with the ingratitude of a recre iri* was endeavoring to undermine all tnat was dear to Carolina by the adoption ofthe resolu- lions on y> ur (able. Now Mr Sj e.tker is the bones: virtuous patriotism of Georgia to he liiu:? mislead. Ate wc the people ot Georgia ■o he compelled to adopt the doctrine of nuili ficution—a doctrine which I believe will sub vert our government if persisted in, becau-e the Governor of Soulh C^rol na has been pleased to take a friendly nonce of our Indian relation? ! And are we to he told Sir, that our lip? art- sealed, and that we shall not be permitted to pass a resolution, condemning the doctrine of nullification because certain men in South Car^ oltna have advocated that doctrine, and their Governor has, very recently it will be rt-col lected, bestowed some passing compliments, on the rights of Georgia. Yes Mr. Speaker, the great'sensibility that has manifested itself on this floor, that the doctrine of nullification, otherwise the Carolina doctrine, should not he exposed, hut serves too clearly to connect with (hat doctrine, many of our own distinguished citizens, who dare not come out aud openly ad vocate those doctrines, which they cherish in private—and will advocate in public when the proper time shall have arrived. Tell me Sir, why lias the old breach between tbo Troup party in this State and the nullifying party in South Carolina been all on a sudden reconcil ed. What event has induced them to forget their old feuds, and greet each other, with such good cheer? Why has the rights of Georgia never excited the sympathy of South Carolina, until of late, and that Georgia in her turn must not, yea Sir, dare not attack the doctrine of nullification which has received so much countenance in that State. Sir, there ;<t mystery in those old enemies, becoming «levoted friends pulBss-it ti ammuiefliiir by their en erlaining the same views on tbe sub ject of nullification. If those opposed to the resolutions are advocates ot nullification, let them say so—let them not get out of the ques tion by saying it is ingratitude to reflect upon South Carolina—let them not tell n* as the gentleman from Baldwin has done, that be was oulhlyer in part—and in the language of the o-entleman from Twiggs, that the character ot Georgia would be compromitted by the adop tion of these resolutions after the protestor the legislature of J828, being deposited in tbe archives ofthe United State.?. The people of Georgia expect fflytf candor of their represen tatives. They expect oft heir representative? when they arc threatened with a calamity, to he honestly warned, and correctly informed— And in order Mr. Speaker that the people of Georgia might* be correctly informed as to tbe [ >olitical creed of many on this floor—and be* ieving :nai ihe happiness of cur c:tiaei»-tie- pended Upon the successful maintenance of those doctrines contained in the resolutions.— I must be indulged to advert to the resolu tions with a view that the house may distinctly understand them. The first resolution Sir, recognizes ihe fede ral Constitution as the bond of union between these United States, and in the exercise of Rs functions should strictly adhere to a literal construction of that instrument, and clearly a void tho assumption of any power uot clearly given. This Sir, is my doctrine, I regard the federal government as the bond of Union be tween these States, and so long as that Gov ernment shall strictiv adhere to a literal con struction, and in the language of the resolution clearly avoid the assumption of any power not clearly given, do I believe the government will be safe. Jn that light the framers of that in strument regarded it. And in that light shall that instrument receive my humble support. The second resolution that has met with such opposition requires that Congress under the ConsUturion maj legitimately raise a reve nue for the support of the Government; yet iu doing so a ju>t and prudent discussron ought to be exercised constantly, keeping in view, a fair and just equalization ofthe burthens im posed in the several States, says the resolu tion. We find however that this principle has been disregarded in the existing Tariff of 1828. This law unjust in its conception has also been partial in its operation, and concludes by demanding in the most emphatic terms its modification, anti bettor adaptation to the inte rest ofthe whole. The third resolution commends the early « xtinguishment of that National Debt, aud points out the blessings that, will again pervade the whole Nation upon the accomplishment of that object. The fourth resolution recommends that as there are conflicting opinions, and an avowed hostility of the people against the assumption °f Congress to apply the national resources to the purposes miscalled “Internal Improve ment." This Legislature cannot forbear ex pressing their pointed disapprobation of any such appropriations, until the Constitution ol tbe United States is so amended, as more ex plicitly to give the power claimed. The fifth resolution in substance declare? our attachment to the General Government, and that our happiness depends upon its pre servation, that we should discountenance all open expressions unfriendly to the continuance of our happy Union. Also the resolution de Clares trial u is nrmiy ueneveu mat disunion will bring in its tram discord, misery, and civil war, and finally that the people of this State, will deem those unworthy of their confidence, and their worst enemies, who seek to sow a- mong them the seed? of disunion, and intro duce the baneful doctrine of nullification. The sixth resolution approves ofthe admin istration of President Jackson, and recom mends in the strongest terms his re-election.— Thus^Vlr. Speaker, I have presented to ihe House the resolutions that have called forth the unqualified reprehension of geutiemen on this floor. It i? for introducing these resolu tions that their friends have been called desti tute of political honesty or political wisdom.— It is fortunate for the resolutions, and fortu nate for their friends, that their fate will have to be passed over by the people of Georgia to whose decision I will chceriully submit reserv ing however to myself the right of placing that estimate upon such frivolous imputations, as 1 believe them entitled to. The honorable member from Baldwin stated that gentlemen had denounced tbe best blood in South Caro ima, namely, Haynes and Sumpter by the in troduction of the resolutions on your fable.— 1 hope not Sir. I cannot believe the best blood in South Carolina or i.u any other State in this Union is denounced by the resolutions. And surely Sir if the quality of (he South Caroli na, ortho Georgia blood either, is only to he valued in proportion to the attachment of that blood to our Government, the gentleman may dismiss his fears. There is no principle in these resolutions that denounces true and po iitical blood Sir, it is only the blood ofthe disunionist that these resolutions attack. It i? only such blood as would sow civil discord ano misery, that would feel itself denounced by the principles on your table. «Aud if Sir, the blood of Hayne and Sumpter have so far degenerat ed from the glory of their ancestors as to feci denounced by these resolutions under conside ration, it only goes to show that whilst in the father’s bosom the flame of patnotisfa burnt, that that flame was resumed to be quench ed by pampered ambition. This leads me Sir, to the consideration of that doctrine deprecated by the resolution, and which is to ruin the best blood ol South Carolina, accord ing to tbe fears of gentlemen. If Sir, I should be fortunate enough to show this house, that there is no such doctrine to be found in the Constitution, 1 shall have discharged my duty. I am fully aware Sir, tbe subject is quite too grave for me to hope ever, under the most favorable circumstances, to interest the House I shall attempt fo do but little more ffiao give in a condensed form, the opinions of distin guished individuals, without attempting to en ter fully Into the reasoning in support of their opinions! What Sir, let me. ask, is tbe doc trine of Nullification# It is said to be, that whenever there is in the opinion of any one State, a palpable, deliberate and dangerous violation of the Constitution of a law of Con gress, such State may, without ceasing to be a member of the Union, d xlare tbe law to be unconstitutional and prevents its execution within a State, thus this is a constitutional ’right—aud that its exercise will produce a constitutional remedy by obliging Congrcs* either to repeal the law or obtain an explicit grant of the power which is denied by the State by submitting an amendment to the several States, and that fry the decision of the requisite number, the States as well as ihe Union would be bound. Ttm-gront danger of this doctrine Mr, Speaker, consists in indne- jng the citizens of a State to believe *.nat they have .» right by virtue of their State Governments, to protect themselves from un wise and uoiust laws -passed fry Congress— and that in Thus protecting themselves, they are warranted under some, or all of the rea soning that has been advanced in support of the doctrine of nullification If however, Mr. Speaker, the doctrine that u State cna resist the operation of an act of Congress, ho maintained on the supposition that the act of Congress was unconstitutional, when in truth the act was constitutional, let me ask y,oii. Sir, what would he the condition of that State or the people of that State ? Aan I to he told that they would not incur pains aud penalties? And upon whom, sir, would those pains and penalties fall ? upon the Slate in her sovereign and political character, or upon the citizens of the United States, and the inhabitants of thcr particular State in their individual character? And, Sir, can that doctrine be wholesome and sound, that prompts an individual under the m’staken idea of the protection of State sov ereignty—to resist a law, and thereby commit a crime, and yet, sir. when he is called upon to answer to the charge brought against him. by the General Government, for that sovereignty’ to be inadequate to his protection ? But. sir, it is said the right a State has to resist an ^un constitutional law, is a constitutional right— and that a State can exercise that right with* out Ceasing to be a member of the Union, or in other words separating tlie Union. If it be a fact that the States have reserved to them selves in the ft-rmatiou of the General Gov ernment the right ef resisting the operation pf a law of the General Government, whenever in the opinion of a single State the law was unconstitutional, it is perfectly obvious that the General Government has failed to be a bond of union between the several States — No union can exist, between twenty-four State* unless there be a power to preserve that union, that will operate equally upon all. 'Fo give to one of those States the right of de termining upon the validity of an act of tho whole, and suspending the operation of the act of the whole, wcuhl he to introduce a check into the operations of Government, that would make the Government so dilatory in its operations, that it would be worse than useless. But it is contended that tbe right of resistance which each State has to an uncon stitutional act, will produce a constitutional remedy There seems to exist some differ- U1 iv#t/ uf vpuiton <« mou^ itivs.-w »* liu w the doctrine as to the remedy, some maintain ing it exists in the right of the State, to call a convention, and thereby act directly through the sovereignty of the people ; other? through means of the legislatures. And yet, the ad vocates for all these different systems of re dress have never yet made the slightest allu sion to any article of the Constitution oftb* Federal Government, that would sustain (hem m any, of these plans (if redress Adhering as I do, to a literal construction of the Constitu tion, whether that construction will operate in favor of State rights or against them, I very naturally would look to the constitu'ion for the powers claimed for the States, as regard* the doctrine of Nullification. If it i9 uot to be found in the Federal Constitution can the doctrine be maintained by reason or expedien cy ? 1 think not, sir; but to proceed, Mr. Hayne, the champion of Nullification main tains “ that the General Guvernment is purely confederative, created by n compact between Independent States, in thsir sovereign, inde pendant and political character,” and denies that there are any features of a popular form of gbvernment, in the General Government. If it was true that the General Government was in fact a pure confederacy, then it might be necessarydo pursue the reasoning, (hat has induced gentlemen to believe that the doc trine of nullification, was necessarily incident to that form of Government. But if it be un true in fact, then it is wholy useless to bestow farther reflection upon this ground in support of the Carolina doctrines. What, sir, do we understand by a confederative government, it has been defined to be, a “ Government composed of several Independent States, bound together tor specific naljpnal purposes* and relying on its action upon the diff rent States in their p< Iitical capacity, not individu ally upon their citizens.” “A popular gov ernment is founded upon the consent expres sed or implied of the people of Ihe a'hole na tion—and which ope/ates in all its depart ments directly upon the people.” A recur- ance to our political history may aid us in as certaining the true character of our General Government Previous to the formation of the present federal constitution, the state* were bound together under the old confedera cy. Soon experience but too clearly prov. d the political truth, that the Confederacy was too weak and wholly inadequate to (be pro tection of the States. It became necessary therefore, that a new principle should be In corporated io the Government, that was to gurenr tW-J8ul««. Mppit Ll»H fao,- Ri^- Speaker, the character of t^is principle; it was to give a power to the General Govern ment to act directly on the people- of th* sev eral Slates to raise a rdvfefcs* independent of the agency of the States—fof the support of government. This principle of a popular form of government is clearly delegated by the States to the present Federal Government.-** And thus far and in this particular, the General Government is a popular government. Sir. the fact that the General Government was. formed hy Delegates appointed by tbe State* ,and ratified bjr conventions of the j?eopk| <$