Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

l S'. c <^-t •&* ME FEDERAL UNION. VOLffl® WN^ .9* MILLEDGEVILLi:, GA. THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 8, 1831. WHOLE NUMBER Li. J. G. ukusiosasu EDITED BY POLIIHL Sc j. a* cuthbbrt. „ f n .wislu-d every Thursday at THREE DOT EARS THE I M0> is P ■ pyi;R ) if not paid before the end of the F^r aiinnin, su-u a ’ W;ivne street, opposite McCombs’ Tavern. > e i l F: A J,vL-KTisR\)ENTd published .it Uie usual rates. by the Clerks of the Court, of ordinary that P> ' B ' jj, has been made for Letters of Administration, must U’ COMMUNICATIONS. IFOR THE FEDERAL UNION.] Messrs. Editors.—Seldom, very seldom, have I entered into any political discussion or controversy. But at this time of general ’excitement, in relation to State Rights, Nullification, &c. I beg permis sion, through the medium of your paper, to offer a few calm, candid, simple and unadorned sentiments. When our allegiance to the mother country was dissolved, the several Colonies became so many separate and Independent Nations. No one sub mitted to the control or direction of any other. A ; sense of commondanger produced united exertions I against a common enemy. The first compact be- i tween them, resembled more a treaty of alliance, j offensive and defensive, than a National Govern ment. The States as independent sovereignties, ^ i finally devised and adopted the existing Constitu- ordcTs of "court' of'ordi'na"ry,"( accompjuiiea with a copy of the ! lion of the Confederacy. It was a work of liberal. THREBAfoNTKt , «ea s r ,te UOes “ ’ “ patriotic compromise. * The interests of the large tauifb?^?fsed“THmT^DA^s-unde? S J a1tes ’ States, and slave-holding States, were clxty days—Saits of perishable property under order of court, | all consulted, and tlie political powers of each ad- •jnust be advertised, generally, TUN DAY3 before the day of sale. 1 iusted. Now if the schemes of chature for fonpifM *A11 orders'for Advertisements will be punctually attended to. ju icu. JAum H lUC ..C lie I lies OI Cliailge lor ldncteu -."ah letters directed to this office, or the Editors must be post- evils, once succeed, there is an end, ■pal'd, tu enm.c them to attention. solution of the whole fabric. If we attempt a new ~ ! ~ adjustment of rigfits and powers, every fastning is OlIN It. AVOOTAN respectfully tenders himself, cut j oose —'X'f ie members of the Union are disjoin- „ r!“.lt. 1ted and scattered, and no hand save that of Omni- tlie Clfiikship ol ihc ^uuiihOr C ovirt u-« tnbuin^cicc i . i_ i • + • t i • m ,1 lion fe January next. Aug; 4 ! P? lence > can hold back interminable rum. To the — ! U 111 application L"'.';' 11 :' ’! ^Tcutors ami Administrators for Debtors and Crcdl- render m theiraccounts, must be published -SIX WEEKS. *°sdMnf St"”oes by Executors aud Administrators must be ad- vpmspfl SIXTY PAYS before the day of sale. S^Jvs'of personal property (except negroes) of testate and Intes tate estates by Executors aud Administrators, must be advertised 1 AntdhaV.onl’by Executors, Administrators and Guardians to the Court of Ordinary for leave to sell Land, must be published FOUR ^AppUcatior.s hv Executors and Administrators for Letters Dismis- Eory must be published SIX MONTHS. Applications for Foreclosure of Mortgages on real estate must be advertised once a month for SIX MONTHS. Sales of real estate by Executors, Administrators and Guardians, must be published SIXTY DAYS before Hie day of sale. These Bales must be made at the court-house door between the hours of 10 , In the morning and 4 in the afternoon. No sale from day to day is Valid, unless so expressed In the advertisement. J w w w In i. we would prove to liim, and to the citizens of the State, that all we averted in relation to the Means made use of foi.obtaining subscribers to the Ad vertiser, is true.” This article, written on tiie morning of publication, in the haste incident to bu siness, and without due reflection upon the force of its meaning, or the inference which might be drawn, was only intended to repel the imputation that I was acting from improper motives in the publica tion of the “caution” before alluded to.” If this does not contain a direct admission of all 1 have charged, then I confess myself unable to comprehend the meaning of language—Mr. Shaw denies having insisted upon the'truth of the infor mation he received—by way of proof lie produces the paragraph to which mine alludes, which not only sustains my assertion, but goes further and shows that he insisted upon the truth of “all, he asserted” in relation to the matter! Truly out of his own mouth is he condemned. But mark the; result—Sensible that the quotation convicts him of the falsehood, with an audacity alone belonging to the most reckless offender, he offers by way of apol- °gy that the “article was written on the morning the total dis- Publication, in the haste incident to business, ftpmni a n»m and without <lu6 reflection upon the force of its meaning.” Now are these reasons sufficient to justify the writing and publication of a lie? Is tie article shown to be less untrue because “written on the morning of publication ?” Is it less wilful be- Jnion, and its long tried and long approved Con- cause written “in the haste incident to business?” E are authorized to announce Mr. LE V. IS J. W. | .aitution, let us adhere with firm, with unshaken 11 ,ess a because written “without due reflec- KRAATZ a candidate lor Clerk oi the Inferior, devotion. Tlie rights and privileges of the States, t,on u P° n t!ie r ° rce ° r ils meaning?” Is the slander- are also objects of the highest regard. From them iess ba ? e because persevered, in even though the we derive almost atl the rules, which govern hu-! pRbimniator contones ltis inability to prove it true? If man conduct in society. They give constant occu- 5 jtbe deemed a sufficient apology lordies that they have pation to political vigii.ance and activity. Tlie peo- been told of a morning,, in haste, without reflection tip ple daily see and feel their administration. They on | ^ f^ree, where is the sanction for truth? How become acquainted with the science and practice * ie slanderer be amenable to justice? But why of government by constant experience. States are llot . ®ba\v think of these things sooner? also the nurseries of republicanism. The dangers “V did he not sooner-come out with his recan- of usurpation, by tlie Union,are avoided by a firm f atl(,u - *he fact is, his apology has no foundation preservation of State independence in its proper 111 truth. I o escape the charge of one falsehood, sphere. The people are thus combined, that they ' Vaen detected, he has resorted to another, can act in concert, all their energies can at once be j ‘ ederal Union of same date, I stated that, brought in array against encroachments by the ‘“Subsequently they have in like manner asser- Confederacy. But while we watch and defend their ability to prove the charge by‘affidavits’ State Rights, with a rigorous vigilance, the peo- , ni respectable sources. Although called for, and pie do not re ihe General narrovtf pincl 0t , „ p We look to it, as possessing useful National au- J '‘an to prove the truth ol such an assertion, or to thority—We look to it, as combining and sustain- 1 P r .°. * ce j rom a Jl *h a t has been said, any tiling ing an undivided National character, and uniting ^‘ u ch will sustain him in this count ol liis indict- the several States, under the limitations prescribed raised upon his plantation, over and above his own supply, by creating new demands and higher value for labor, and by increasing'the extent and activity of the circulation of the capital of the State. Resolved, That Dr. John Wingfield, Adam G. the Rail Road Company, is ewmpaini.vc.v trihrgj their losses being principally m”timber, wharf slightly injured. The water is iasi ucti! m from the back parts of the erty. r Iiie .iitLua.xn occasioned by the flowing in of the ware is M'riie* Saffold, Jolm B. Walker, and Rhoderick Leonard, - sea, will occasion a great ioss. Ali the garo.t t- in Esqs. l>e and they are hereby appointed to repre- ithe back part of tlie city, and in five vic.iuty ol £..e sent tlie county of Morgan at the Rail Road Con vention to be held at Eatonton. Resolved, That a majority of the Delegates ap pointed by this meeting be, and they are herby em powered to fill any vacancy that may oceur- in their body. * . _ Resolved, That the proceedings of this -meeting YOUNG. STOKES, ChairmaYi. Thad. B. Rees, Jjj^Qretai^. DOMESTIC. Court of Baldwin county. w ,; Aug 4 are authorized to announce Mr. RANSOM U.. SMITH a candidate for Clerk of tlie Inferi or Uourt of Baldwin county, at the next election. Aug 4 E are requested to announce the name of VViL- V T LIAM D.- SCOGG1N, Esq. as a candidate for She. iff of Baldwin county, at the next election for coun ty officers. I s * nv 6 E are authorized to announce Capt. WILLIAM F. SCOTT a candidate for Sheriff of Baldwin a’the ensuing election. July 5—mte a.e auihonsed.ioann'Huice BARRADI'.LL P- STUBBS, Esq. as a candidate for Tax Gollec- Ba'tlwin c«un*v, at the n«-x? election. Jone 23 W B are auto »rized i . announce JAMES CONE, Esq. as a candidate for Tax Collector ol Bald win - junty, at the election in January next. A' igust 25 ^ i3 are authorized to announce V\ . C. l''O^VELL, Esq. a candidate for Receiver of Tax Returns win, a .he election in January next. July 2S. NOTICE, F ’RSONS luvi g ac.counts agamst the JWdlfdgeriUe Muonic tint Lottery, will please present them for pa meat, wit inn ten days Irwuuhis da'e. By order, r-ecreiary iu vuumu^ 4— It. A. GREENE, Secretary to Commissioners. Milledgeville, August 4,1831. COTTON YD® 'jiAkS iieavj for sate by P> ^■4—-if WILEY & BAXTER. t inj JL'e; FliOURKOY, (indorr cf IVm. II. Flournoy,) VS taken a fcClil)t/L iti 1 ■ * a*. *irs. ^ ickef.; nearly opposite Mr. Humphries, where sue wi ir.i a select, number, not exceeding fifteen, the follow- branches of Female Education, ai tlie annexed pri- It English Grammar, and Astronomy, Natural Reading, W ritiri; Plain Work, Gcograghy, History Philosophy, Belles Let*res and Orna- mcnfml Work, - T*rawing and Painting, » Embroidery, - - • ” ” French Language, (fivp lessons per week,) Music, (five lessons per week,) Use of the Piano for Practicing, - - As the most devoted attention will be paid to the con duct neatness, &c., as well as mental improvement ot those pupils confided to her, parents and guardians are requested to visit, the School twice a month and judge oi their improvement. Milledgeville, August 1st, 1831. $3 pci- qr 5 6 4 6 12 2 4—tf coast are ruined. At Terre aux lioufs the planta tions were completely under water, ui many j I'-es to the depth of five feet.* Tlie corps in that quar ter are Ooiisequently entirely ruined. Some of the plantations "below town, were also under water. From above, the accounts are contradictory. The loss however, we are inclined to think, is not rehended. The ship Illinois ,-ee on Sunday, ha\ ing stood w ^ Is, in about iat. 25. At the Balize little or no damage was done; one pilot beat ! was dismasted, and the houses bad three ieet w a- : ter in them, but the woinen and children took ref uge on board the Pilot boats. At the SW pass all the cabins w r ere washed away; Tlie levee between Maiigny’s and Miller’s mill exhibit a sad spectacle, not so much of the ravages INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT. Tlie following letter is from John Bolton, Esq. r . too well known in this city, during a long residence °‘ l *‘ e storm, asof tlie extreme ncg'igtncc of flu. c>- as an eminent merchant, lor his energetic character a dniinistration. Nearly the Whole levee is v, ash-, and many useful qualities, to need our urging his , away; but a storm of much less violence would claims to public attention. As the President of the have left if nearly in the same state; lor scaicely Delavvare and Hudson Canal Company, he for se- one looto ' the whole but was crumbled atiay with veral vears Daet has sunerintended the on^ratinn-*! rottenness; tlie iron fastenings originally loo slender veral years past has superintended tiie ojierations of botli Railways and Canals, and therefore his opinions are entitled to the highest respect. We feel great pleasure in being able to lay this glits, with a rigorous vigilance, the peo- | l ’o m respectaolc sources. Although called lor, and >t require the fair unquestioned powers of on ? premised, these ‘affidavits’ are yet withheld.” eral Government to be administered by a r * ®!‘ aw sa . vs — linching policy. ' 1 his c.iarge is utterly false. Wedefy^Mr. Ju- in the Constitutionj into one great and glorious re public. However commanding may be the repu tation of a single State, it is mingled with tlie uni ted greatness of tiie whole—However small may be the means, or confined the objects of a State, its people equally participate in the glory of their common country. All take pleasure and pride to see their government distinguished by those acts which improve and adorn «Jie nation. In propor tion to the widening extent of the republic and its vast accumu’ating population, must be the views and policy’of its administration. Lastly: The pre servation of those civil and political rights demands tlie sleepless vigilance of the fabled guardian of Ilesperides—That spirit which gave them exig ence, must be maintained with sacred fidelity. The freedom of the Confederacy will perhaps, ne ver again be assailed by hostile fleets and armies. It is from among ourselves, we must hereafter loo!, for its most dangerous enemies. When disappoin ted ambition is grasping at the reins, when public servants are no longer “judged by their measures” when the union is thrown into commotion to grati fy any man or his confederates. The syren song of freedom and love of Constitution allures but to destroy’. No Office holder or Office hunter. L1W. -=»snr YRGROVE & WALTHALL arc practicing Law I! iL n connection. They wifi attend the Courts in the ~ fu^«»AU. Covinsron, Newton cr>. June 23, 1831. 5°—" C I tTiBERT & POLHIIiL H .» , E opened their LAW OFFICE at theCom- mssinner’s IIa.ll in the market-house, Mnledge- '. u fc) Georgia. One of them is always to be found there ready to attend to professional calls. They will practice io the following Counties anu C n- ^ ults: f BALDWIN," iJONES Ocmulgee Circuit -j ]>utNAAI, f WILKINSON. THE LIE ACKNOWLEDGED “TO THE PUBLIC.” In tlie Athenian of the 23d uit. is a lengthy arti cle over the signature of “O. P. Shaic ' acknowl edging himself to be the author 6f certain scanda lous imputations against the friends of tlie propos ed paper entitled the “Gainesville Advertiser.” That the rest of the individuals known to be con cerned in the management of the Athenian siiouid at length find it necessary to exonerate themselves j j from tiie condemnation of public opinion, by siiii\-i ing the blame from tiieir own, to the shoulders of j O. P. Shaw, is not to be wondered at. Traced as I they have been from artifice to falsehood—detected in all their machinations—exposed by the most lr- ! refutable evidence of their own production, tiie sit- j uation they’ occupied became too painful for endu- I tical wisdom worth a thousand of the wild theories of" untried experiments, or the vague and uncer tain opinions of theoretical philosophy. It is en titled to tlie calm consideration of tlie people of this State, and we hope it will receive it. The re lative advantages of Canals and Rail Roads, are now reduced almost to mathematical axioms; it requires only that topographical examinations be made by skilful engineers, to determine the prefer ence due to one or the oilier, according to the loca tion. We ask that these examinations may be made before a decision lie had, and we invite the attention of tiie public to that object. Our brother Editors throughout the State, friend ly to internal improvement, are requested to give currency to this article. New'-Yorr, July 21. Dear Sir—I perceive that some of the papers are endeavouring to arouse the people of Georgia to a sense of the importance of artificial means of transportation, between the interior of the State aud the coast. Both interest and good will induce me to wish them success, and were I a younger man, I should like much to take a part in executing any work that should have a favorable bearing on Savannah. A six years experience in the construc tion and operations of the works of the Delaware and Hudson Company, would give me some advan tage: but, as it is, 1 can only oner my good wishes and any useful information that may "be in my pow er. From the articles I have seen, I perceive with some regret, that they entirely overlook the great natural advantages that Georgia has over most of the States, in the construction of Canals, and re commend Rail Roads; which arc the only resource of those who do not possess facilities for Canals, and who consequently endeavor to make the public believe that they are superior to Canals. In this they have feticcethico to some extent for t!?$ n re- sent; but, having some experience of both, fam! not among the converts to this new system. I give it a place between Turnpike Roads and Canals, and feel a confidence, that time will confirm this order; and tins, only in cases where the amount of transportation will justify the expense of a Rail received, but for the remarkable reason fjiat “the public can feel no interest in seeing the names or a ‘-'re report to the Proprietors cl the Liver- correspondence of private individuals in this matter I P°° , ancll , ester ^ ai Road, it is stated that be must decline publishing it at present.” He ,iaareaJC , ‘^expense oi transportation lroni yet refuses to give this written testimony—He who \ qV 5 .P er l ™ - Canal, to .L10 b> Rail Road for pubiicly accused a number of individuals of an im-> i nu es * *' e ^ uce ^ ra te at 7 per cent Ex- position, when culled up rtn c-mi/ioniTr i cnziii^ej ^ di 1-i# cts. per ton. On me £n'ie On- covers that “tlie public ing it!” Of tills the public are the judges likewise of the whole controversy. I anticipate! no division of opinion among them—Honorable and weak, are eat up, and tlie embankment is ex ceedingly narrow. Yet this was the only barrier, y , ^ ^ x i ^ ^ ^ against the mighty Mississippi. A sligbf storm m letter before the public. It contains lessons of prac- I T lol V^ , a ^ c ^> or R t any time when the river .•» • » 1 . i WQC! nirrh WAllM hm rn nnvi n«>.n.r 4 l 4i.l. .vl.% L. - ment. I\> save him the necessity of such an effort, I submit the remarks published on the 28th June last, to which he must allude:” “We have not as y#t received affidavit of the truth of that information, but hope shortly to be a- ble to confirm what lias been stated by unimpeach able testimony. Mr: Julian shall then hear from us again.” I ask every man possessing the power of com bining common ideas, if Mr. Shaw has not again convicted himscll of falsehood, and justified the use of the sentence at the head of this article? He “had not yet received affidavits” &c. does not this imply tlie expectation that at some future time he would receive them? “But he hoped shortly to be able to confliin what lias Ueen otatcvl, by unim peachable testimony.” Who but O. P. Shaw will say the “affidavits” are not here referred to and meant? “Mr. Julian shah thenilSar from us again,” Here they are promised to becommuuicated to me, and of course In the same manner as heretofore, which by his own choice was publicly, through the Athenian. One tiling more and I have done—The “affida vits” are now acknowledged not to be come at able— The “written testimony” Mr. Shaw savs he has was high,.would have earned away the Whole le vee for three hundred yards in front of the Sieam Press, and inundated and destroyed all the planta tions below. Let any citizen examine this levee* and judge of the culpable negligence of those ap pointed to guard and protect our property and lives. The total of the losses occasioned by the siorm are variously estimated. They will not however, fall much short of half a million of dollar’s; fo: al though the damages, except to the levee, the stop ping and sugar crop are not very apparent, yet there are few buildings in tlie city, but have some' injury, and scarcely a citizen but Las sustained los-s of some kind or other; The effects of the storm too, will be felt, after all traces of it shall have disappeared. Tlie waters will have entire y needed by to-morrow, and the sun re-assuming its ordinary intensity will raise miasma’s tlie most deleterious to health. Already in many parts of tlie city, the exhalations are in tolerable, and unless the Mayor exerts himself to have all impurities removed and corrected, we may expect a most fetal epidefnic. The plains and swamps will be left no debt covered with tlie car cases of drowned animals, and even the strtefs and yards in the city will be for from free of them; they should as far as possible be removed, and tlie pri vies corrected with lime. It is on an ocasion like the present, that the Mayor may give evidence of his vigilance and energy.*—Argusi i auuiuueroi individuals oi an nn- 1 , ^ * . jailed upon for proof, suddenly dis-1 c, “ n - e > t‘.»*» c ‘y e f ton - °'! **, , i public can ieel no interest in sec- I na ai 8 L* laHute and Hudson Canal, the highest rate for merchandise, including toll, freight and re ceiving and forwarding, is 5 cents per ton per mile, or $51 tiO cts. for 32 miles: on flour and other arti- -and f BIBB, Flint Circuit \ MONROE, (henry. Chatahoochie Circuit 'I'ALLOT. C TWIGGS, Southern Circuit j TELFAIR, Sir. Middle Circuit W ASHINGTON. Milledceville, June 23,1831 UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA, ( August 13, 1831. $ T IIE Faculty of Franklin College have resolved to give an annual prize, of the value of about ten dol- Jars in appropriate and well selected books, to tlie best Greek scholar, who shall enter the Freshman class in Au gust, for a regular course. The names of the young een- tienien thus distinguished, and of the teachers by whom they were educated, will be made public, that a laudable emulation may be excited, and the standard of litera ture raised throilghout the State. Tiie Latin Prize, however, will not. lie given to anv who shall not manifest, on examinalion, a thorough knowledge of, at least, Jacob’s Latin Reader, both vols. > Caesar’s Commentaries, all the wars in Gaul, Gould’s Ovid, the whole of Virgil, Cicero’s Select. Orations, and the Catoline and Jugurthine wars of Sallust. The Greek prize will not be given for less than a cor rect knowledge of Delectus a valuable work for begin ners, John and Acts, Jacob’s Greek Reader, and Gncca similar prize will be given for the best knowledge of Arithmetic, and Day’s Algebra as far as die end ot Sim ple Equations. • , , • . , Tiie Latin and Greek prizes have been tins day award ed by the Faculty to Robert Harris, pupil of the Rev. Mr. Smith of Powelton. The prizes now given consist of die works of Cicero, in ten volumes, and of Homer m tour volumes, handsomely bound, gilt and lettered. There was no candida-e for the Mathematical prize. It is desired by the Faculty that all the prizes be hereaf ter taken. By order of the Faculty, WILLIAM L. MITCHELL, Secretary. men of all parties must be amazed at the audacity of an attempt without parallel in the history of the press—and perceive that the imbecility of the man, or rather that fatuity incident to a want of recti tude in motive and in means, has betrayed Mr. Shaw into as full an acknowledgment of tlie Lie as his bitterest opponent could desire to see fastened upon him. Having already largely trespassed up on the .patience of the Editors of the Federal Un ion, at a time when matter mere congenial to pub- rance, and, as had been anticipated, they have been He taste could easily have been substituted, and August.25 NOTICE. LL persons indebted to the estate of Jolm Lane, la e of Burke county, deceased, are requested to make immed’atc payment; and all those liaving demands ’ will present than according to law to JAMF-S.TORRANCE, Ex’or. iSrDtl- -A 8—fit- driven to seek refuge from merited odium, by plan ting before them tiie person of a certain Mr. O. P. Shaw, who i3 thus made tlie scapegoat ol their monstrous iniquity. I have neither leisure or in clination to comment upon the want of magnanim ity—upon the littleness of soul, that could permit them to embark in a base attempt to inflict injury upon an individual who never wronged them, and when detected and exposed, to shrink from the res ponsibility of the deed by yielding up their tool a trembling victim as a propitiatory sacrifice. Had these men subjected their malignant passions to the restrictions of prudence—if in their editorial ca reer they had not habitually’' indulged a propensity for the most disingenuous misrepresentations ol the sentiments and conduct of others, and aban doned themselves to the most unbridled licentious ness, regardless of the means so the end be gained, they would not now have found themselves in a predicament so disgracetul, so dishonorable. With Mr. O. P. Shaw, I have no controversy; I desire to have none. having extracted from the soi disant editor of the Athenian clear and ample evidence of his own guilt, I consign liim over to the decision of tlx* public whose judgement lie has invoked—for the future being “in search of higher game.” N. B. JUIIAN. CO" “As the” Athenian “has been the vehicle through which this attack (ot" Mr. Shaw’s) has been made, the editors of that paper are requested as an act of justice to their patrons and the public, as well as myself, to give the above a place in their columns.” N. B. J. Madison, 23d August, 1831. The citizens of Morgan county, haring met a- greeable to previous notice, for the purpose of ap pointing delegates from said county, to meet other delegates from the different counties throughout the State at Eatonton, Putnam county, on the fourth Monday in September next, for the purpose ofholdingaConventiontoderise ways and means, Had I not conscientiously i for erecting a Rail Road from Augusta to some believed others to lie at work behind the curtain, j point in the interior—Upon motion of Dr. E. E. the charge pu forth through the Athenian, would! Jones, it was ordered, that Young Stokes, Esq.be have been disregarded by me. It would have been appointed Chairman to said meeting—and upon a sufficient refutation to know that he was its au- motion of Col. Van Leonard, Thad. B. Rees acted thor. I commiserate Mr. Shaw’s dilemma, and as Secretary. hone it will prove an admonitory lesson, remember- Mr. E. A. Nisbet, after explaining the^ object ed bv him through future life, to show that when of the meeting, moved that a committee of seven an individual permits himself to be used as a tool be appointed, charged with the duty of reporting GO CIS, cles of smull value, it is stiil less. Flour does not exceed for long distances 3 cents per ton per mile, making only'98 cents for 32 miles: Oik the Dele- ware and Hudson Canal, a boat carrying 30 tons costs $5400; 5 per cent per annum will keep her in repairs. It requires 12 waggons to carry tlie same weight on the Rail Road, cost, $1,400, and the re pairs will probably be from 15 to 20 per cent. The annual repairs of the Canal is about $400 per miie; ol the Rail Road about $1,500 j>er mile. The Ca nal is getting better every year, the Rail Road worse. This Rail Road of the Delaware and Hud son Canal Company passes over a rough, uneven country, and has 8 inclined planes. The wear of machinery and ropes on these planes is very ex pensive, and bear a greater proportion to the length of line that would oe found in Georgia below the mountains. I have however no doubt that the an nual expense of Rail Roads" will be found to be greater than is generally estimated. Augusta, August 31. THE LATE FRESHET. Since our last, the water in the Savannah River, has greatly sulieided—and now it almost assumes its wonted beauty and grandeur, while it afloids a good navigable Steam-boat river—Some of the wharves and platforms have sustained considerable injury, the extent of which cannot be eoirectly as certained, owing to the water being over (lie louver wharf. The damage to the crops, &c. in either direction from this city, along the margin of tlie ri ver, as far as we have been Informed, has bten ve ry considerable—some planters have lost their whole crop by the flood. For the last four davs, little or no rain has fallen in the city, although the weather looks far from being settled.—Chronicle [From the Athen’an.] As a considerable interest has been excited by the case of Canatoo, aCherol.ee Indian c< nfined in Walton Jail utader the charge of diguing (.a id in his own nation, which, by tue ia$t Legis.a*\re was made a Penitentiaryjoffepce, we lay before our readers the following information dc/ivcq diom-a source which may he relied on. The Indian was taken by the State Guard and carried To Gwinnett, the county having jurisdiction of the case, and upon examination he was con nut ted to Walton Jail, there being no' Jail in Gwin nett. During the session of the Superior Court of Walton county, lie was brought up by Habeas Corpus, and his discharge was moved for upon three grounds. 1st. That the warrant and com mitment were defective. 2d. That the act of the last Legislature itself, did not contemplate punish ing the Indians for digging Gold on their own lands, but was intended for intruders and other persons, and 8d. That if it did, it was unconstitutional, on the ground that it violated numerous treaties made with them expressly guaranteeing the undisturbed possession and occupancy of ail their lands not ced- Afier much argument, the Court for the base purpose of detraction and unprovoked injury, his employers are ever ready to yield him up a sacrifice for their own safety. In his address “to the public” Mr. Shaw substan tially admits the truth of every “count” in mv “in dictment.” Two instances are here adduced as samples, to-wit. In tlie Federal Union of the 11th Aug. I used these words— “In reply to a writer in the Federal Union, over the signature of “Hall,” in like manner expressing a belief that the fact alleged was a malicious fabri cation, the Athenian is made to re-iterate incapital letters, that it is true, and declares the ability of its conductors to sustain it by unimpeachable testi mony.” To this Mr. O. P. Shaw replies, “In repelling the accusation which the above or a similar charge conveyed, that the information giv en to the Djiblic was a “fabrication” of mine, it w’as stated that “were the author personally known to lis and did we consider liim worthy our attention forthwith to this body such resolutions as will meet the object of the meeting. The motion having been agreed to, Messrs. E. Nisliet, John B. Walker, James C. Cook, Rob ert R. Harden, Lancelot Johnston, Lucius L. Wittich, and William S. Stokes were appointed the Committee-Haring retired a few’ minutes, they returned, and Mr. Nisbet reported tlie following resolutions: Resolved. That this meeting approve of Ihe Convention to be held at Eatonton, to considor of ways and means for oentrsucting a Rail Road from Augusta to some eligible point in tlie interior of the State. • Resolved, That it is the sense of this meeting that a Rail Road from Augusta to some suitable point in the interior, w T ould contribute largely to the interest of the planters, bv enhancing the value of real estate, bv lessening fi e ; ght upon bulky arti cles for sale or consumption, and thereby raising tfo value of the one, and lessening the cost of the othei by affording to the planter a market of every thing ed to the wdiites. ,p. . ” ‘--sumareu. j sai( , it wa3 a vcry important question, and requir- TtoH4Lv.Ua , claimed b - v k the adv i ocatc « ; ed the utmost deliberation. Respect for the Le- . •. ‘ uia , s * 13 , , ra ^ u it y, °! I gislature demanded it. As however, i’ did not be lt i V. n' v.<ao tv /: erp0 ° i Manchester Rail i fi eve jhc person could be discharged upon the two oa [ U 4 > • r c grounds tor this claim; as fo e ‘ first grounds, it would in candor sav, his best pros- resuits ot Ene Canalhave furnished data on which j peet was on the last, and as the Court would take to found similar projects, and both are equally ex- j f ime to cons i der so grave a question, it would re- KnnT^luja ^3" 11 a ono'uTi? 0 . a1 ^ .. n " j lease liim from his confinement upon his ow’n re- .-i t • , ■ V' dol.ars per mile, cognizance, to appear and answer to the charge at CS ! 4 niat f k ° Ur Rai1 R< r ds | Gwinnett SuperiorCourt, when and where its Spin t c from «, to 1-,000 and nothing is now bet- fon would be delivered, if in the mean time its mint Ipr fl qgprtll 1 n P f I t no n t nut sit ro n r^t! » n r» J R *-» r\e*o m * ... . s-. . . i • m-. > a. ter ascertained than that strengthand firmness must be in proportion to velocity of movement; and that to avoid the expense and delay of inclined planes, hills must be cutdown and valleys filled up. These requisites cannot be attained withoutgreat expense, except in locations peculiarly favorable, but strength and firmness are indispensable in any location. Be sides there is one advantage claimed in favor of Rail Roads in this quarter which is not applicable to the South. The waters diminish here at the pe riod of greatest business, the reverse is the case at the South. Here also Canals are shut by ice in winter, and then it is believed Rail Roads will con tinue to be used, but from my experience the ex pense and difficulties will be found to be much en hanced; and where inclined planes are used, so much so as to forbid their use upon a calculation of profit: I write from no other motive than good vvill towards my fellow citizens of Georgia. I wish them prosperity, and should therefore regret to see them carried away by the fashionable mania of the day. It may well suit the people of Charleston to cry up Rail Roads, but Georgia has natural advanta ges for Canals which ought not to be neglected. mind The Court* its opinion but New Orleans, Aug. 23. The Storm.—Since our last, the information we iave received, has been mostly favorable. The -leam'boat Longbranch, about which so much un easiness was felt, arrived safely, and reported -no asses on the lake. The storm at Mobile was not *e t as much as here.—-Tiie damage sustained by I laying the result before our rcatfersf. could be fully satisfied on the point, stated that it would endeavor to have ready by Jackson Court, which is just pas/; such has been the nature of iWitheren gagements, as well as the great magnitude of the question, that it has not been done, and will not be done, until every source of in formation * lwj|h legal*" and political, is consulted, which can possibly shed light up a subject involving so seriously, the liberty of an unfortunate people, as well as the chanc ier of the State. Since the question of the Indians digo-fog gold has been agitated, many persons have exj^essed an opinion that if they are allowed to dq it, thev can employ any persons they please to do the same thing. Such an opinion is v.-rv erroneous, for we have it from Judge Clayton hWeifi that even if he were to decide that the Indians had the right, the law would be binding against every other per son, and the doctrine that “what' a man does hv another, he does by himself,” will not apply to criminal cases. It is tthly applicable to civil con tracts, and every man stands upon his own respon sibility in commitflRg acts that are made crimkmi bylaw. \Ye should regard anv remarks upon this sub ject, at this time as premature, and have therefore confined ourselves to the opinions entertained bv the Court. When the question shall have lteen de finitely determined^—a question in which the pub lic cannot but feel a more than ordinary interest, shall avail ourselves of the earliest opportunity of