Newspaper Page Text
ing, when loaded, not exceeding s;x iocti
water, built upmtilie tno-R tqqiroved plan, ,
sud capable of transput ting seven hun
dred and liftymen, and provisions, cadi.
And two schooluu ■•, mounting eleven
guns, each carrym-g two lop-sails, and not
to draw ovt r eight teet anil a hall watt r.
' And that the President of the Repub
lic lie empowered to appoint a person to
proceed to the United States, to purchase
or contract for the building ol the above
number and description ol vessels.
The Telegraph announces the death ol
Lorenzo de Zavala, at Ft- Jacinto, on the
loth ult. It says of him: “In the death
of this patiiotic statesman, .Texas has
lost one ol* her most van dale citizens.”
We learn from the 'Telegraph that the
Mexicans are still driving oil cattle from
lhe .Nueces, and that s ane ol iheir scouts
h.fvc approached as lur as tlic Gunda-
loupe. Wo shall bo glad [remarks the
editor] if they do not come into our own
settlements, and drive oh what lstile stock
thevleft last spring. Fifty mounted ca
valry might have, a cured all the Spanish
cattle on the Nueces, San Antonio, and
other streams. Wo have-alluded io this
matter before, and were in hopes that the
M, xicans would not b; permitted to strip
that country of iko cattle.
FED URIC K. COURT OF INQUIRY.
Federick, DecauLcr 10.—I was intro
duced without the observance oi any for
malities, to the presence ol the Court
now sitting in inquest upon the conduct
of Gen. Scott in his Florida campaign.
Generals Macomb, Atkinson, Grady,
with Capt. Cooper as Judge Advocate,
comprise the tribunal. Co!. Lindsay (con
sidered the most accomplished man in
the army) of the 2d Artillery, Major
Graham, Lie till. Alexmi r aud Captain
Green are here as witnesses. General
Clinch, Colonel Bankhead, and several
others are hourly looked lor. The inves
tigation is conducted in the house lately
oeccupied by Caspar W. Wevt r, Esq.
This morning at 11 o’clock, (the pro
ceedings of yesterday having been read,)
Captain Thurston, was called on for tes
timony, and certainly more lucid explana
tions and descriptions ol" plans, marches,
cuuutermarchc ■, charges, assaults, tri
umph?, defeats and viscissitudcs, inci
dent to duties in the field Could not well
be conceived. His evidence went clearly
to exculpate Gen. Scott in every particu
lar, and to show that, instead of blame,
lie merits the strongest encomium. “1
am particularly anxious, Mr. President,”
said Gen. Scott to Gen. Macomb, “that
the witness should bo questioned closely
in the matter now pending; lie was con
spicuous in the campaign, thoroughly fa
miliar with my plans—is a tuna of gener
al intelligence, and, in the absence of Gen.
Clinch, superior to all others in his know
ledge of all the circumstances connected
with the war in question. 1 propose to
witness the following question through the
proper officer.”
The Judge Advocate then read some
thing like the annexed to witness:
“Was the plan of operations, as pro
posed by Gen. Scott, likely in your judg
ment to eflect thaobj. t of the campaign?”
“At first,” replied the witness “I
thought the common ler-iq-chief unneces
sarily cautious and minute; I could not
conceive how a nation of five thousand
I J'J’.JJjIlj vut •• lvl * '*»• > umi
y appointed, with tlie knowledge of our
power and resources that they must pos
sess, could thrau instant., demand for their
discomfiture a m -lured plan of operations.-
But a very Tittle observation convinced
me of mv error. 'The simultaneous ad
vance of the army upon the enemy In-
divided columns .is rendered necessary
by the erratic and wily character of our
enemy, which, as 1 soon discovered re
quired the exercise of the highest military
adroitness for’its mastery. To ensure a
successful result, general Scott devoted
alibis energies, constantly engaged in his
duties; his solicitude to make a docisiv
blow amounted to distress.”
Tho crossing of the C'ovo of the With-
lacooehec, as described bv captain Thrus-
toa was one of the most intensely interest
ing details 1 ever listen J to. Prominent
himself in the pursuit and in the battle,
the captain’s knowledge of the subject
was of course valuable and important.—
The m >-t prejudiced could not have heard
the captain’s recital without a feeling of
indignation at the prim ■ movers in this
business. The publication of the pro
ceedings, at the completion of the trial,
will show conclu uvcly, that the failure of
our arms in tho Indian country was at
tributable to individuals higher in authori
ty than general Scott, and that other than
a proper military spirit Ins brought the
gallant and honored chieftain to account
for alleged official delinquencies. Il was
an interesting, but melancholy picture to
behold a man whose youth and manhood
were devoted to his country, and whose
name is associated with the proudest
achievements in pitched fields, against the
licst Europi an soldiery, in the autumn of
his existence, made the victim ol political
intrigue. None better than the war de
partment km v." the rea ;ons of the failure
in Florida. They will he known to the
community ere long.
After the hearing of contain Thru ton,
the court, to give time for the arrival of
colonel Bankhead, another important wit
ness, adjourned to Monday, the 12lli in
stant, at 10 o’clock, on the afternoon of
which you shall hear from me.
Frederick, (kid.) December 10. The
Court of Enquiry was occupied the
greater part of this morning in hearing
tho testimony of Mr. De I’eyster, a volun
teer aid to general Eustis, whose official
relations gave him extefisive oppoiipni-
tics of judging ol'the circumstances winch
embarrassed the operations in Florida.—
Ilis evidence accords with that given by
General Sanford, (ol the Georgia troop?,)
colonel Lindsay, major Graham, colonel
Green, and others, an-1 goes to show that
general Scott was untiring in his eilbrts,
and judicious in his plans to terminate the
war, and that the want of subsistence,
stores and clothing among the troops, was
the primary cause of our failures in the
Seminole country.' General Scott filled
up the intervals of the testimony by re
marks to the court on the importance of
evidence expected from witnesses now
absent, and enumerated general Clinch,
colonel Bankhead, captain Drone, lieu
tenant G. Morris, lieutenant M'-Crabb, j ed, to. annul tin* clmrler, and pay back to (ho these new allies arc now endeavoring to buy fa-| travelling beyond the rccon. - l
; fhd others, as invaluable io him. “iJ bank the bonus with which it was thus bought vor in the eyes^of tho people who are taxed to pose to discuss the general expediency o
shall” said he, “Mr. President nut nT r, ' 01 » die miuoritvjn one of the Stales out of the create it. the measure above named, i may be
question to Mr. Morris, the answer to
twenty.four which make up ihe Confederacy.
prcssions. In reference to the letter ad
dressed to the president, by the honorable
Joseph M. While of Florida, in which
general treott is spoken of harshly, the
latter, a few days ago, indulged in very
spirited language: “i’ll see the honorable
gentleman, Mr. President under other cir
cumstances, and retort upon him, sir, in
other terms.” Today he observed, “1
shall avail tnyself of my right, and elicit
at all points the information necessary to
elucidate mv relation to my country. 1!
the court think proper, I would suggest
the reading of the documentary evidence
in the matter of the Creek War. Let the
imputations cast upon me, for my conduct
in that nation, be now ^keu up, and by
the time we are through the preliminaries,
the witnesses, for whom we are n w wait
ing, will certainly have arrived.” To
discuss this proposition, the court was
cleared, and allerwarda adjourned to ten
o’clock tomorrow.
General Macombo, in personal appear
ance, resembles Tyrone Power, lie is
about filly years of age, and strongly in
clined to corpulency. General Atkinson
is not unlike the commander-in-chief, but
evidently much older. General Brady is
the oldc.-tof the three and a personifica
tion of afield worn veteran; he is border
ing on seventy, and hears badly. Cap
tain Cooper, the Judge A L ocate, is per
haps thirty-five, a very fine gentleman, a
rapid pensman, and rather lean. They
arc in full dress, ai.d the proceedings are
conducted with the prescribed formalities.
Some of the generals have their families
with them and do not set m disposed to
hurry through their duties here.
It is thought that some months must
ek-psc ore the trials are concluded, arid
that full and free inquiry will be diligently
had into all matters connected with the In
dian campaigns.
The personal characteristics of Gener
al Scott are familiar tg most of our read
ers. To those who have never seen him
mav be' suggested Cleopatra
of Mark Anthony. He is
soldier and a gentleman.
Ins features the operation of
disquietude, occasioned p
s description
every in :h a
lie bears in
much mental
reliably by :?
contemplation of his position after an ac
tive life devoted to his country; but the
chivalrous spirit that animated him at
Chippewa and Bridgewater, is still distin
guished in liis eagle eye.
From the Richmond Enquirer.
Mil. VAN EUREN’S LETTER IN ENG
LAND.
We have received by the last packet from
Loudon a pamphlet printed there, entitled “A
Letter from the Ifon alarm’Van Horen, Vice
President of the United States, relative to the
Rank of the Uni'ed States, with an explanatory
introduction. London,John Miller, 1836.” It
shows the high character which Mr. Van Bo
ren bears in England, and the clear ideas which
the author of the introduction entertains of Use
identity between the late and the present Bank
of the United States. We lay the introduction
at once before our readers. The whole pam
phlet is beautifully printed:
“We n»*ps'* : 't to the rv.ihho A iv,.-..- .
urn cut, wn.ch w» believe wid ",vo use; ul infer,
mation to the commercial community of
country, viz: tiie opinions of .Mr. Van Baron.
Vice President of the United States, relative to
the Bank of the United Btates. British subjects
are interested in that institution. It cor corns all
of this class to know the opinions of such a man.
who, besides filling, at present, the highest of.
ftco in America, next to that of President, is a
candidate for tho Presidency, with a orcatrr
probability, as it it is understood, of ids being
chosen than any other candidate. lie is the
same gentleman who was an Atnctic minister
in England a few years ago, during'w: -di tun >
lie became favorably known to some of the
highest functionaries in tho kingdom. It will h-
seen- that he is opposed to a Batik of the Unit -
Buttes, past, present, and future, in evorv shape
and fonts; and that ho believes a majority of his
countrymen think with him. lie states the
reasons and facts that operate with hint for be
lieving [hat the pecuniary matters and curren
cy ol mo United States Will be better re ,r tdu!etl
without such a bank than with on :; a topic, in-
deed, with which our public have little to do,
except that, if he be right—and he treats tho
subject, as it appears to us, with maturity, both
of thought and knowledge—it will servo the
more to show that such a bank is not likclv to
be henceforth viewed w i:h favor in America, the
people and the States have already, by their
majorities decided agaiust one. It appears that
the fiscal concerns of the United Stna s arc mow
managed, so far as banks are required, bv
what tire called deposite hanks. Those, as we
understand, are banks af tho separate States,
selected in proper parts of the country by the
officer at the head of the finances, as places for
keeping safely, and paying out conveniently tho
money of the Union. The fiscal n flairs of the
Americans work well in practice, if we j udge
by results; for no nation, we believe, lias a
more flourishing revenue for all its wants, or
pays its debts more promptly; or has the mon
ey more ready, at all points, as fur as we can
learn, to render efficient every branch ofits pub
lic service, civil, military, and naval, accor
ding to the scale of every branch. Some of
the facts stated by Mr. Van Buren, under the
head of domestic exchanges are very striking.
They may give an idea, though it clearly can
not cover the whole ground, of the great a-
nioutil of business and trade in tho United
States within themselves, and go, in part, to
show tlx: rising resources, and consequent pow.
cr, of tho Republic, of which their foreign com
merce also gives unequivocal attestation.
“\\ e are not uuaware’that the present Batik
of the United States derives its charter from one
of tho separate States—that of Pennsylvania,
wo believe. It is, however, in effect, the oki
ban!: regenerated, as the name shows, ft has
the same capital—viz: thirty.five millions of
dollars, and the same stockholders. It has its
brandies, or deputies, in the other Provinces
or States, and has the same Governor or direc
tor as heretofore. These are established as
the central banking company in Philadelphia,
otto of the chief cities of the Union, where the
old National Bank wasestahlised. It therefore
partakes of the objections which the majority
in America attached to the latter institution:
which, after the violent struggle alluded to by
-Mr* Van Buren, was voted down. Tho new
charter for 30 years, is said to have been
obtained by what*is ascertained to nave been
a minority of the people in the State mentioned.
I his minority, having power (hr one year, pass
ed a law to last thirty, against the previously
expressed will of a majority of the whole Union,
this State included. We profess not to be ac-
quoted with the details of this trans-Atlsntic
case, or its rqcrits: we only aim at imparting a
brief, though substantial outline, of the present
position of of the dispute. The most important
part of it is, that a purpose exists, as is believ.
subject, and are those of a highly enlightened
and well informed functionary of his country,
of ample experience, and distinguished standing,
it is right that tliev should ho known. He is i-
dentified, wo are informed, in Ids views of pub
lic ^roliev, with President Jackson, whom his
countrvmen have sustained in tho Chief Magis.
'traev of America by such re pealed expressions
of tneSy favorite opinion: under whose adminis
tration the United States have bad prosperity
and peace, including his succcssuii and happy
settlement of tli ir dispute with France; and
whoihns shown throughout his whole ndminis-
tTation—as the present good understanding be
tween the two countries may serve to make
known—a constant and enlightened desire to bo
on -amicable terms with Great Britain.
‘ Pile lull passage that follows is fiom a letter
of Mr. Van Buren, (the whole of which is given,
at great length, in tiie American papers,) dated
Alijanv, in the State of New York, on the 8th
"f August last. Il was drawn forth by certain
queries addressed to him, publicly, by the lion.
Shored VVudams, a member of Congress; so
that the cotsv-qmiidence has high sanction on
both sides, and may be regarded as an authen
tic, not to -ay official, exposition of this impor
tant subject. Many others are discussed in the
letter,- nifoe'.iilg questions of home policy, on
which tin; Americans differ; but as this about
the bank, by affecting British interests, alone
claims attention hetc, we confine oar extract to
this.”
From the Washington Globe.
GOV. M‘DUFFIE’3 MESSAGE.
It seems to he the great object of the lending
nnlltfiers to keep’ up the exhibition of the ab
solute subjection in which they held the moral
sense and reasoning faculties of their followers
in South Carolina. In Mr. M'Duffie’s late an
nual message, we have another instance of the
absurd and shameful misrepresentations which
1! o duped idolaters of the nullifying Jagger,
naitt arc made to swallow.
We have the following passage about the
surplus revenue:
“Wo find a largo surplus of revenue, ac
cumulated in the Federal Treasury, which lias
boon unconstitutionally levied upon the produc
ts ,,s of our own industry bv a system of oppres
sive taxation, enacted in opposition to our sol
emn pruiestntions r aud attempted t < be enforced
by the military power of tiie United States.
The money is there without any agency of ours,
and tho act ofdistribution involves the question,
whether it shall remain deposited in certain
banks, to constitute a part of their banking
rn 1: tl, or be transferred to the treasuries of the
respective States, for the use of the people, to
wlt-iut it belongs, and from whom it should yev-
• u* have'been taken? It is impossible to doubt
on such a question; but while the justice aud
necessity of this measure ofdistribution are e-
quatlv obvious, under the existing circumstan
ces, I t it not be diguised that no proceeding can
be more absolutely fatal to the interests of
tho exporting States, Ilian that ofhabitnally rai-
s ug revenue by duties on imports, for the pur
pose of distributing it among tlio States. It is
to ha hoped, therefore, that this hazardous hut
necessary measure, will not continue a single
day beyond tho necessity which gave rise to it;
but that the Federal Treasury will be reduced
within constitutional dimensions, by tho regu-
1 ir process of reducing the duties, as soon as
this can be done coniLtenily \ v J t J, t j 1( . p|i K hted
foi l) of C ingress, implied in the net of 1833.”
Titc inconsistency and. deception couched in
this reaching ap r a surplus by tho milliners,
wh;c.1 in its .i..-rr!b:i'.fcii, necessarily tends t-•
keep up the tariff, is palpable. Mr. M'Duffic
e-"aging or t i: - * excess in the Treasury, savs:
h tr money 1" there without any agency ot ours;’
and he hopes ‘the Federal Treasury will he re
alised withintic. constitutional dimensions, by
toe regular ]>ro css of reducing Ihe duties, as
soon as this may In. done consistently with the
jdightc.fi faith rj Cozier, ss, implied in the net ol
1833.’ And who plighted ‘the faith of Gon-
gres.:, implied in the act of 1833, by which the
sum in the Federal 'i reasury is swelled beyond
the “eonUltu'ionil dimensions?' 1 Did not Mr.
Calhoun make tins compromise of “plighted
faith’" with Mr. Clay; and did not the Repre
sentatives of : outh Carolina (of whom Mr.
M‘Duffie, we thmk was one) vote for the act of
1'S.'3, by which tiie keeping the Treasury
within constitutional dimensions was prevent-
,17
Under what circa instances did Mr. Calhoun
;. 1J ms confederates undertake to maintain a
a revenue beyond the constitutional dimen
sions?
In December, 1331, tho President, in his
.message said: “Tiie confidence with which the
extinguishment of tiie public debt may bo an
ticipated, prison's an opportunity lor carrying
into effect rrore tally the policy in relation to
impoit duties which has been recommended in
my form-r messages—a modification of the tar
iff which shall produce a reduction of our rec-
nvic to the tom's << t'i" Govei nmen’,” Ac*
Li Decernh r, 1 >02, tins President said:
“The final removal of this great burden (the
national debt) from our resources, affords the
means of further provision for all the objects of
gfticrnl welfare an i public defence, and pre-
seats th" 0 :c tsion for s i 'll further reduction in
ihe, revenue, as may not he required Ac. Ac.
The soundest measures of public policy, and the
principles upon which our republican institu
tions are fo 1:1 led, recommend a proper adapla.
lion lathe expenditure; and they also require
that the expenditure bo limited to wiiat, by an
economical administration, shall be consistent
with the simplicity of the Government, and nr.,
cessart) to an efficient public service.” “Is it
not enough that high duties have been paid as
long as the money arising from them could lie
applied to the common benefit in the extinguish
ment of tiie public debt?”
In compliance with these repeated and ear
nest recommendations, the tariff was reduced at
tho scsii r.i of 133J; and upon the coarse wool
ens, so essential to the health and comfort of
the laboring class :s, it was almost annihilated.
It was reduced to five per cent, a mere nomin-
-aiJ.i'V. This was done as mrst effectually
relieving the South.
The whole black papulation is clad in coarse
woolens during the winter—sleeping or waking,
it shorn ! b * their only wear.
This first grand stroke at the tariff met with
an obstinate resistance from Clav and Webster,
and the whole body of the joint stock monopoly
representation. Calhoun and his faction (tim
ed a cold eye upon this relief, because they ap
prehended it would save the South from the ex
citement which they wished to blow into a
flame, and embody the South against tho North.
During the next summer,-tho nullifiers aroused
their followers to action, got up a military force,
passed tho ordinance of nullification in haste,
lest the next congress might grant all the
South wished, and put an end to lire revolution-
nrv movement, to which they looked to gratify
their ambition, at tiie expense ol’tlto Union of
the States. The Proclamation and Force Bdl
followed, and environed the conspiracy of Cal
houn and iiis coadjutors with too much hazard
for his weak nerves. lie surrendered today,
and consented to raise the duties on Woolens
from five to fifty per cent, provided Clay would
give him a pretext, in partial reductions,
through a series®" years, to cheat the people of
South Carolina. The bargainers at the same
vor in the eyes of th
create it.
That the compromise was main between
Messrs. Clav and Calhoun to protract the tar-
ifT, appears from the following open avowal
made by Mr. Clay, in tiie presence ol Mr. Cal-
hour), prefatory to their measure ol compro
mise; the whole of which the latter admitted
by his silence:
“Mr. President, 1 want to be perfectly un
derstood as to the motives which have pro.tip-
ted me to this measure. I repeat what i -aid
on the introduction of it, that they are first to
preserve the manufacturing interest; and sec
ondly, to quiet the'eountry. 1 believe the A-
merican system to bo in the greatest danger,
and 1 believe it can be placed on a better and
safer foundation this session than at the next.
I heard with surprise, mv friend from Massa
chusetts say th:it_nothing had occurred within
the last sox months to increase its hazard. 1
entreat him to review that opinion. Is it cor
rect? Is the issue of the numerous elections,
eluding that of the highest officer ol the Gov
ernment, nothing ! Is his declaration, in his
proclamation, that the burdens of tho Bou'it
ought to bo relieved, nothing? Is tiie introduc
tion of the bill in the House of Reproseiilativ s
during this session, sanctioned by the head of
the Treasury and tiie administration, pros'ra
ting the greater part of the iimnulacturvsof the
country, nothing?
“it is well known that the majority of tho do
minant party is adverse to the tariff’. 1 here
tire many honorable exceptions, the Senator
from Now Jersey, (Mr. Dickerson,) among
them. But for the exertions of the oilier party ,
the tariff would have been long since sacrificed.
Now let us look tit tiie composition of the two
branches of Congress at tl) ; next session. In
this body we lose three f. ion.ls of tiie protec
tive policy, without b rig sure of gaining one.
Here, judging from the present appearances,
we shall at the next session be in the minority.
In the House, it is notorious that there is a con
siderable accession to tiie number of the domi
nant party, flow, thefi l ask, is the system to
be sustained against numbers, .against tile
whole weight of the .administration..”
That wo understood tho object of this move
ment at the time it was made, is shown by the
following contemporaneous article, winch is
confirmed by tho accomplishment of its pre
dictions:
From the Glob ■ ol March 23, 1833.
“The nuliifii-rs. Ibr the sake of tiie political
objects of their leaders, w.:l conceal from the
honest and deluded people tiie tact that Mr.
Clay declared it to b • his strongest modva lb:
entering into an agreement, tli.it he foresaw at
the next Session, the south would get all that it
asked. W ere tiie nuiliiiers to confess that if
they had waited till the coining of the now eon-
gress, they would have obtained flic smile gradu
al reduction of the tariff, uaclogged by tiie hard
conditions imposed by ?.!r. Clay—in the cash
duties, the home valuation, and the increase o'
the duty on coarse woolens from five to fifty per
cent., what would the planters say to their rep
resentatives who were in such haste to make
sacrifices at the shrine of a political coalition?
and especially, when they bind themselves in
shackles to adhere to the terms, however willing
a subsequent congress may bn to make the red
justrnenl more favorable, and when the adjust
merit concluded ts not to lake eflect in the way
of reduction until alter the next congress shall
have been convened; whereas the increase on
tne woolens begins, as we understand it, befen
any reduction takes place. Thus Mr. Calhoun
has bargained tor an immediate increase of
duties, and remote reductions coupled with hard
conditions—and ult, as Mr. Clay says, t> pre
vent the licit congress from granting a re lief
that woiiid hare been at oner fatal to his tyitpm,
for which he has obtain: l a reprieve, of nine
years.
**Bv way of giving Color to their bargain,
Mr. Clay and Mr. Cullman assume the. princi
ple of comprorr 'se which ihe president recom
mended, viz: 1st. A gradual reduction on the
protected classes. 2d. The standard oi necessa
ry revenue, as the measure of the whole amount
of duties to he levied. While tin: contracting
parties have pretended to adopt b ah these prin
ciples, which tiie count, v has s motioned i i the
re-election of the president who proposed it,
they really nnlv acted on ruin of them. THE
CLAY AND CALHOUN BILL WILL NOT
REDUCE THE DUTIES TO THE RE-
YENUE STANDARD. AND, I \ DESPITE
OF THEIR ATTEMPT TO TIE UP THE
HANDS OF A FUTURE CONGRESS, A
GREATER REDUCTION MUST BE M VDE
ON THE UNPROTECTED ARTI LKS,
TO AVOID THE CURSE OF \N 1M
MENSE SURPLUS, WHICH THE ASP1-
RANTS HA YE SOUGHT TO PRODUCE,
AT THE EXPENSE OF I'HE PEOPLE'S
HARD EARNINGS. FOR I HE PURPOSE
OF BEING APPROPRIATED TO POLITI-
CAL LOG-ROLLING. The scheme of the
coalition reaches only haii way towards accom
plishing what the public v.u.r, demand:; and
Mr. Calhoun consents, on his part, not only to
this partial reduction, in addiiimfto other hard
conditions, for the •benefit of i.is con ted ‘rates,
but gives up all his constitutional scruples, for
the promise of Mr. Clay, that lie will abandon
the discriminating pi inciple, by an uniform twen
ty per cent, ad valorem, at the end of the c at
tracted term. T'rsc gentlemen must calculate
largely on their authority in this country, if t hey
suppose thfir schemes can interdict its future
legislation.”
From the Siirtinnuh Georgian.
Hints to Georgia and the Northern and
II es/er/i Merchants.—Tho legislature ol
Georgia, by a bold, liberal and enterprising
course ol policy have given new iieurt to
the friends of internal improvement. Th
all-important section of the contemplated
series of rail-roads between the seaboard
of Georgia and the Tennessee, scents al
most sealed to its accomplishment bv the
late bill before the legislature appropri
ating sixty thousand dollars ibr tho survey
aud report on the practicability of this
route; and authorizing the governor to
advertise for contracts and accept the
lowest. The section of road from the
line of Tennessee to the Chattahoochee
is a great step towards tho accomplish
ment of the whole, though its length will
be comparatively small when viewed in
position with the remainder of the chain.
A demonstration' of public feeling so
spirited and contemplating an action so
prompt and so energetic, will doubtless
kindle up a kindred feeling throughout the
district by which these roads are expected
to pass, and we shall soon see zeal for tho
progress of the intermediate sections burst
ing forth in every direction, and with the
constitutional fervor of the Georgian
character “rushing into the midst of
tilings,” And requiring the rein to check
their impetuosity rather than the spur to
urge them onward. In looking back on
the past history of this State, l can see no
period of time, when she could as con
sistently have come forward and have
sanctioned by legislative enactments so
great an enterprise at tlte public expense
as at this moment. I know it was thought,
and the thought has been spoken aloud
through papers in this and other States,
that the lands distributed among the citi
zens of the State by lottery, should have
time contrived to adjust a tariff"so as to raise the been sold and the proceeds appropriated
immense surplus, with tho distribution of which | to such purpose* as these. Without
jf
above named, I may be
allowed to express an opinion, that the
times were {tot then ttpe for such an un
dertaking in Georgia. There has been a
gradual maturing of events and circum
stances Ibr t lie last ten years that seems
to have conducted us imperceptibly to
such.a period as the present, for such a
purpose;is the present; an event solitary in
the annals of our history and without a
parallel ia that of tfttv other nation; name
ly, the distribution oftbe surplus revenue
among the several States. It Ins placed
the means of internal improvement so
fortunately it) our hands that human, iu-
geuuiiv could scarcely have devised a
purp so completely fitted to the event.
That portion of the funds af the State, filling
to them in this way, that may be appropriated
io rad-mads and canals may be considered as
r.iotn ■/ put out at a high interest and on the
nice .security. It is like the food
taken into the stomach is turned
nutriment uni distributed bv the
the mountains as Georgia has; for sir,
durin^ the whole distance from New
York to Georgia, continue unbroken one
majestic range
of lofty mountains whose
uCSt JJft-
which
into
various ducts and canals throughout the
tho whole physical system, diffusinghealth
and vigor wherever it flows.
Otic line of roads complete from the
Tennessee to the Atlantic board of our
State wesliall no more hear of vast quanti
ties and vast amounts of provisions and
merchandise held in transitu for five
months on the Erie Canal and the adja
cent lake communication with the western
country—because as the mouth of October
advances, even the dearest friends ol the
Erie Canal would hesitate to embark their
own property or that of their western
friends on waters that were liable by some
intense northern blasts, so common to that
region, and that season, to be converted
to ice in a single night and form a barrier
between them and the port of their desti
nation ns impassable as the Alps. Mer
chants in New York having such achannel
of communication with the great western
valley as that which we contemplate to
op a h fore them in winter, would natu
rally give il tiie jireference, by way of
preeaution as early as October, and con
tinue 1 h ir shipments, through the whole
-t"t.a;: 1, without that hurry and precipita-*
tion which now accompanies the latter
part oft heir business with the west for
fear of the lilt a 1 impediment. This would
give our packets, steamboats and rail
roads employment of a lively and profita
ble character, adding to the wealth of the
agriculturalist, merchant and mechanic.
If there is any portion of the globe, which
from its primeval formation may be mark
ed down as one set apart for rail-roads, I
must claim that eminence for Georgia,—
and if there is ever to be a. filling period for
the same mini: to strike out into the deep waters
nf noble emulation in the greatest of works, 7
boldly chalk ngc the present to be that time.
BUBLICOLA.
MR. CRANE’S SPEECH
Lt the Hat. • tf Heprrs at a tires of the State of
(icorg/a, on Mr. Merritccthcf’s mot ion to
strike on! lit -JirU section of the Jlml Hoad
uni.
Mr. Speaker—1 arise to address the
lions ■ under some embarrassment at this
time—[ am aware that this question has
b 'Oil discu ... 1 at great length by many
members 0:1 this llmr, and flu? patience
of the house must be nearly exhausted.
But, ;r, I should feel myself guilty of a
gross Roreiielion oi' mv duty to my sec
tion (.f the country, if I should remain
silent, t consider the motion of the
gentleman from Putnam, to strike out the
first, section of this bill, as a direct attack
upon the whole question of internal im
dy put to this
will this
provement. He has
house, tut ■ imposing question,
legt: future vote away the surplus revenue
up 'it a scheme like this, before we have
had any sun ; y, any estimates, or data,
by
which we can be gove
ana upon
a-qawtinn of doubtful utility and pmeti-
obiiily?” Sir, l think, if we will ex
amine litis question candidly and fairly,
we shall bo- clearly satisfied of its im
mense utility. When this rail road-shall
bo completed, it will receive the produce
oi’ an iinnrou : e region of country, beside
tiie whole Cherokee country, and by this
rout .' of not: more tit in two hundred miles,
ih::t produce will land at Macon, Colum
bus and other places in the centre of
Goos -ia, most of which is now transport
'd down the Tennessee river passing the
northwest ra corner of our Elate, and
through tl) • northern part of Alabama,
and thence acro.es the State of Tennessee
into Kentucky; thence down the Ohio
river into the Mississippi and to New
Orleans; thence through the Gulf of Mexi
co to the mouths ol our rivers and up them
to Columbus, Macon, and other places in
Georgia, a distance of more than three
thousand miles, (and by this route it is
evident a distance of two thousand eight
hundred miles will lie saved in trans
portation;) and then this produce is sold
to tho cotton planters and other citizens of
Georgia; and, sir, the principal cost of it
to the consumers from the expense of this
long transportation, added to this expense
is the danger of injury or entire loss of
the produce; for it is a well established
fact that it is very much injured by trans
portation on water. Hence, the sour flour
'so often mentioned by the facetious gentle
man from Muscogee, f am very much
in hopes that gentleman will look into this
question, and when he shall see the vari
ous benefits which will result from this
scheme will join us in the support of in
ternal improvement. Again, sir, I think
this rail road scheme is clearly practica
ble. The convention recently held at
Macon, (with an unanimity almost un-
paralellM in the conventions of men) have
recommended" it as a matter about which
no doubt is entertained by those well
acquainted with the localities of the coun
try, that an excellent route for the main
trunk of this road requiring not a single
inclined plane or stationary engine can
be obtnined from Boss’ Landing to some
point .on the Chattahoochie in DeKalb
county. Sir, the gentlemen representing
the counties of the Cherokee country
through which it will pass, all concur in
this opinion. The State of New York
has her grand canal, along which is carri
ed the produced most of the entire region
of country west and northwest of the
great range of mountains and finds its
way to the northern Atlantic coasts, and
no other State between that aud Georma
has the
towering tops meet the morning’s earnest
dawn and btd tlic fitting sun its Lmi
adieu. These mountains terminate in
scattered spurs in the npper^part ot mtr
State and are lost in the beautiful vadies
to the cast of tlic Lookout Mountain
through which vallies this road will pa.-.-,
and it does seem to me, that these vallies
were kindly designed by nature for a
grand avenue through which all the pro
duce of a vast region of the most fertile
country bevond all the southern part of
this range of mountains should pass inlo
the interior of onr State and find its way
to the southern Atlantic coast, an 1
through which, in return, should pass all
such merchandise as are consumed by
the inhabitants of that section of country.
The gentleman from Harris, and the one
from Muscogee, both contend that this bill
should not pass; because they say the
sixth section thereof is destructive of the
private rights of men; because by that
section it contemplates, the taking a por
tion of a man’s land over which the road
is to pass and appropriate it to public use.
Sir, I do not consider that section as con
templating the destruction of the private
rights of men, further than is constitution
al and proper. By the fifth section of the
amendments to the constitution ol the
United States, it is declared that private
property shall not be taken for public use
without just compensation. The framers
of that constitution foresaw that a portion
of a man’s private property ought some
times to be taken for public use and there-,
fore enacted that clause. And it is bind
ing on ns, and under it, we have a clear
constitutional right to pnss the sixth
section of this hill. This same section of
the bill, points out the mode of ascertain
ing the damages done to a man’s pro
perty, and it is by having them ascertain
ed by his own neighbors. Can any thing
be fairer than that a man’s rights should
be investigated and settled by his own
neighbors? Do those gentlemen know,
that any citizens’ of the Cherokee country
through whose hinds this road will pass,
will object to its passing? Are they not
on the contrary opposing this measure,
and for the want of some better ground of
opposition, volunteering their services to
guard the local rights of men they never
saw and for whom they probably have
but little regard. Sir, I do not believe
there is a man in all that country so igno
rant of his local interest, so ignorant of
the great interest of Georgia, and so desti
tute of patriotism as to oppose the running
of this rail-road.
The 'gentleman front Elbert, has most
emphatically asked me, when I com
menced following South Carolina? When
I began to look on that State as a worthy
pattern for me to follow? I will inform
that gentleman that I ever have been
willing to admire and follow that State in
her urbanity, her benevolence, and her
proverbial hospitality, hut I did not agree
with, nor follow her in the great question
of politics which has for some years pre
vailed there. On that question I am as
far removed from her as our antqiodcs are
from us. Yet, sir, I do admire and com
mand her enterprising spirit in internal
improvements, and am not one of those
blinded, prejudiced politicians who would
refuse to render unto Ca-sar the things
that ttre Cmsar’s.
The gentleman from Harris charges
mvseli and the gentleman from Richmond
with inconsistency; he says I supported
this bill because it will b nefit the local
interest of the Cherokee country, mu! tl.:*
member from Richmond, because he says
it will be of general utility. . Now, sir, 1
can see no inconsistency in us. What
measure was ever adopted by any govern
ment by which the people wore generally
benefitted which did not directly benefit
some distinct portion of the. people? Sir,
the prosperity of the State is made up of
the prosperity of distinct portions of the
people. The enemies of this bill charge
us with a disposition to build up Savannah.
Sir, I am not the particular friend or ene
my of that city, but I can see no’good
reason why any gentleman on this floor,
a member oj a Georgia■ legislature, would
feel disposed to injure the local interest of
our old city; for he it remembered, that
Savannah was one of the places in bye-
gone days which rocked the cradle of
American liberty. It has been said by
honorable gentlemen, that.the spirit of the
immortal De \\ itt Clinton stalks not.forth
in this assembly! Sir, if there is no De
Wilt Clinton here—if we arc not De Wit;
Clintons, arc we not to do any thing?—•-
Are we, the representatives ofihe second
State in this Union in point of territory, to
be alarmed at the greatness of this pro
ject and to fold our arms in apathy with
ample means in our hands, and sit down
discouraged aud let South Carolina out
reach us and complete her contemplated
rail-road, and divert any part of the trade
which by nature belongs to Georgia? Sir,
I trust not. Now is the time to be alive,
to internal improvement and to begin the
great work; for if we neglect it and per
mit this favorable opportunity to pass
by, I fear the internal prosperity of
Georgia will forever sleep in death.
-*arrr
To authorise Jeremiah Thompson to Cr j
mill dam cross Hint liver itt the county of p 5 !
cite. , 1 * , ‘'
To provide for the call of n convent^
reduce the number of the general assqoj 1 . 0
Georgia, aud lor other purposes—yeas 32 ' 0| "
■60. ’ ,na ?»
Mr. Po'.vdl of Talbot, laid the f()i!oni n „
solution on the tabl ', which was taken un°. .
aud agreed to: 1 ’ f ^
Resolved, That Major General Gain,., ■
invited to lake a seat within the bar »f [U **
unto: wheiiHi|K)ii the president appointed.^
mittee consisting of Messrs. Powell of
C’ouc and Lawshe, who conducted Geo,!! 1 '
Gaines into the senate chamber.
Tuesday, December 20 iso.
Rill rejected.
To authorise James Morris, lihs hrirs imy
lens, to erect a mill tkun across the
esway, i-fee tuber 21, lai*
Bill rejected. h
George Kellogg nf«f Jw .
vY hoi tor. to kuiid a bridge across the Co *
signs, to erect a null tkun across tiie U0111105
river.
Wtilresdai,
To authorise
*Htu» a
tee river.
Thursday, December 22, ls tr.
Bills rejected.
To provide for the compensation of t|| C „ rar ; j
j- tit jurors for the counties of Gwmnyr
(.'ess. Gtiomkeo. (lrnt»C„J t> . .A 1
and
Balts,
Cherokee, Crawford, Franklin
Glynn, Habersham, Hull, H nrv, Harris, AL4
son. Mi rriwether, Talbot, Walker and \Vilkc
To alter and (ix tho times of h ( ,jy lr . ? v Vic *> l
porior courts Of the Coweta circuit and the , t
ferior court ol" the county of Hocsttm. H
HOUR L OF REPRESENTATIVES,
Saturday, December 17,
Mr. Burns moved to reconsider ihe bill j
the organization of a court for the correction^ I
errors. Tho house refused to reconsider.
Bill read the first time.
Reported by -Mr. Guidon of Chatham, t,. \
change tiie name of the Farmers’ Bank of (Jim,
taliooc’ ec, and to regulate the same,
The house was occupied principally in consi.
^ deration of several parts of the g'-neral appro. I
pr atioti bill-
Monday, December 19, 1830.
On motion oi' Mr. Solomon, the house rccon.
side red the general appropriation foil for 183;,
Report, and Resolution had on the table.
» By Air. Gordon of Chatham, from tho cme. !
mittee on internal improvement, recommendin';
an appropriation for removing obstructions i t !
the Aukamuha ami i's tributary branches.
Resolution agreed io.
On motion of Mr. Gray, to invito Gon. E,
P. Gaines to a s :nt in the Representative U a ,|
during his stay in Mr Icdgeviiie.
Bills passed.
To incorporate various academics therein
named.
To amend and consolidate the acts incorpo.
rating M aeon.
To appropriate money to remove obstruction*
ill the Flint river.
d'o appropriate money to remove obstruc.
tions ui the Oconee below Alt I Icdgeviiie.
To amend the act of 20th December, 1835,
in relation to the poor school fund ol Laurent
'J’o authorize James M. Mitchell to plead aid
practice law.
To amend the road laws in relation to tit
county <•!" Wilkes.
To change the names of certain persons.
To repeal a portion of die laws respectingtht
introduction of slaves. ^
To prevent the digging for gold by any In.
diati or head of an Indian family, in the sever,
a! gold lots d*awn by citiz' ns of this state.
To compensate the grand jurors of Do K.ulb.
To regu ate the tri ils for offences which sub.
ject th 1 olfoml 'rs to fine and imprisonment.
I'o remove obstructions to the tree jiussugoof
fish in the Ue. » choc.
io exempt the justices of the inferior coart
from jury duly.
'I’oincorporate th Appling Uii'Snrs.
Io amend tho laws iiicor|itiratin ,T MiIlrd ,T c-
vi I Io.
Io authorize V^idinm S. Jones to establish it
ferry across the Coosawattee, on his own land,
i o change the trmesrof holding the superior
ooolieo cbctiit.
• justice of the peace for
returns from the preciucU
>r Glynn,
mg the superior tad
>c,l.
LEGISLATURE OF GEORGIA.
«ntnc natural facilities for crossing duty,
IN SENATE,
Monday, December ID, 1830.
BILLS PASSED.
To provide for the payment of volunteers in
certain cases, for services, losses and expenses
during tho late Seminole and Creek campaigns.
To add an additional section to the sixth di
vision of the Penal Code.
To extend to certain descendants of Chero
kee Indians the rights, privileges and fianchi-
ses ot citizen* of this State—yeas o4, nays 21.
To establish a company under tho name of
the Savannah and Charleston steam packet
company.
Io incorporate the president and directors of j
the “People’s Line” of Stages.
^ To amend tile act gf 1811, establishing the
Senalus Academicus.
To add a part of Jack son to the county of
Madison.
To authorize the sheriffs of the Cherokee
circuit to sell 0110 half of all lots condemned as
fraudulently drawn in the late lottery, and to
make valid certain sales of the State’s interest
in such lots, &c. . ^
Bills rejected.
To exempt the “Richrn md BJues” front jury
courts of tiie Ciutjt;
’i'o conipons
| carr\ ifig toe <■
' ia Leo.'
To a!t( r the road laws f
- To alter :hi* liino of cold
ini'.;.iuf Courts oi Ihil.twin.
Rdls rejee
1 o mid a part oi Vv hires to Taliaferro.
i’o mid a part ot Cobb. Carroll, and Camp
bell, to Paul ling, aud to foiui a new county.
'To appropriate money to build a bridge over
live CiiattuiiOoehoe, at or ti aar Dobbin’s ford.
To amend the bridge laws so far as relates to
letting of bridges.
1 o compel purchasers from the state, of lots
ol hind, fractious or town lots, to pay lavs
thereon, whether the grant has issued or not.
1 o divide the slate into 111110 congressional
districts.
To authorize the city court of Savannah to
] hold extra •. inary terms lor the summary trial
i of cans- » 1 : . in.
I'o jo . ui any person from permitting slaves
i to visit their houses without a written permission,
j • Jo amend the act csiubhsing a turnpike
road from the Tennessee line to the Hightower.
To prevent any person keeping a quarter for
slaves without a white p rson resident thereon.
To add a part of Elbert to Madison.
To increase the salaries of tho attorney and
solicitors general.
'I’o change tlic rule of evid nee founded on
the interest of the witness.
Tuesday, December 20, 1836.
Mr. C. imp moved to reconsider the rejected
bill for forming a new county out of Paulding,
Carroll, &••. I’ti r house refused to reconsider.
Mr. Strickland moved to reconsider tho rc»
jected bill to add a pari of Elbert to Madison.
Tiie house refused to reconsider.
BILLS LOST.
To change the tin) :s of holding the superior
courts ol Appling, Ware, Lowndes, Thomas,
Decatur and Dooly.
To fo m a new county lYorn the counties of
Houston ami Marion.
To legalize deeds of conveyance in certain
cases.
To manumit Hannah Lonos, a free woman
of color. 1
To compel retailers of spirituous liquors to,
take an oath to cosmplv with tho thirteenth sec
tion of the thirteenth division of the penal code.
To manumit Philip and Phillis, slaves.
To repeal a fart of the act of. 1818, in rela?
tion to assignments of property by debtors.
For the relief of James Wafeu.
To prevent the vice of gaming.
Wednesday, December til, 1 ;3ti,
Mr. Kelly of Houston moved to reconsider
tho rejected bill to form a new county oat of
Houston .and Marion. The house refused to
reconsider.
Mr. Branham moved to r consider the re
jected bill to compel retailers of spirituous li
quors to take an oath to comfJy with the thir
teenth section of the thirteenth division of the
penal code. The house refused to reconsider.
Mr, Bulloch moved to reconsider the rejected
bill to prevent tlic spread of small pox. Th6-
house refused to reconsider.
BILLS REJECTED.
To exempt printers from military duty'.
’I’o admit certain deeds in evidence.
To define the powers of courts in relation
amendments.
To incorporate the. Muscogee Blues.
To increase tho capital and extend the char
ter of the Marine & Fire Insurance Bank of
the .State of Georgia.
To change the riam; of the Farmers’ Bank
of Chattahoochee, and to regulate the same,
mm