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CO'VGS: ES3IOX A t..
f
REMARKS OF MR. CALHOUN,
of South Carolina.
In Senate March 24, 1833—On ordering the
hill to separate the Govetnmentfi un banks
to a 1 hittl reading, after the specie section
hah been stricken out, on motion ot Mi.
C'uthbert.
Mr. CALHOUN said, as late as it was,
(near 10 o’clock at night,) ami fatigued and
exhausted as the Senate must be after sitting
ten hours, he was compelled to intrude him
self on tlveir patience. The question was
on the engrossment ot the bill; and as he
could not pos-'ild) vote for it in the shape it
had assumed, he was constrained to assign Ins
reasons hut he would do it in the lowest
words possible. lie said lie was most anx
ious to vote for the measure. He had ta
ken the deepest interests in it, and lclt most
solicitous lor its success-; and it he thought
that the bill, as amended, advanced the great
cause for which he had been so earnestly
coiifendimr, one inch, he would g' ve ’*• Ids
vote. On the contrary, he believed that it
was an entire surrender ol the cau-e. He
would go further—it was a retrograde move
ment, and would leave the cau-e in a worse
com!’; ion than it was. So far from a di
vorce lion, the banks and a teturn to the
con .ti utiona 1 cutreney, the bill, as it stood,
would virtually restore the deposite bank
system again, with some features more ob
jectionable than it formerly possessed; which
he would now proceed to show.
Un the moti m of the Senator from Geor
gia { Mr. Cmhhert,] the 23d section, which
provides for lire collection of the duties ol the
Guvermti
the aid of
opposition to the divorce on the other.
seCiion provided for the repeal oi the jonit
resolution of ISIG, which authorizes the re
ceipt ot bank notes as carl, in the dues ol
the public. The effects of this will he, should
the iiiii pass in its present shape, that the
Government will collect its revenue and
make it.-> disbursement exclusively in bank
notes, as it did before tire suspension took
place in Mav last. Things will stand pre
cisely as .they did then, with but a single ex
cel) ion, that tire public deposites will be
made with he officers of the Government
instead of the hanks, under the provision ol
the deposite act of 1833. Thus far is cer
tain. All agree that such is the fact; and
such the effect of the passage of this bill as it
stands. Now, lie intended to show conclu
sively, that the difference between depositing
the public money with the public officers, or
with the hanks themseivt s, was merely nomi
nal, as far as the operation and profits of tire
b„nlvs were concerned; that they would not
make one cent less profit, or issue a single
dollar less, it the deposites be kept by the ol-
lot theinsel-
ior uiu cuhwiiuhui —
.cut in specie, was stinck out, with
if a f w on this side, and iue entire
That
rv of the Treasmy, as under the act of ’3G,
the | routs of the deposites accrue aimost ex
clusively to them. They discount on them,
and issue the notes of other hanks which
they hold in deposite, or diayv specie for them,
and thus increase their business and piofit,
without incurring any additional liability ; but
where the deposites are made with the Ex
ecutive officers, the profits would accrue, ap
parently, to the banks generally. lie said
apparently, for it yvould depended wholly on
the officers holding the deposites. They
can, at pleasuie, give the pr- 'lit to what banks
they please, by holding l ack the notes oi one
bank, anddisbursingthe notes of another,and
thus keeping the notes of one out of circula
tion and throwing the other into cl;culation
through disbursement, to return on the banks
issuing them. The effect ol this would be to
give one all the profit that it could drive
Prom being a deposite bank, and stripping
tire otheis almost entirely of the advantage
of having its notes received in the dues ol
Government. Take, for instance, two banks,
in a place where the aveiage pul lie deposites
were a million of dollars; is it not clear, if the
Executive officer yvould make it a rule to
disburse the notes of one bank, and holdback
those of the other, it would operate, in fact,
as a standing loan to that amount to the
favored bank?
The result is, that in either case the. dis
tribution ot the profit resulting Irom the pub
lie deposites yvould depend on the Execu
tive department, whether made with the
Executive officers, or in deposite banks un
der the act of 1 SAG. The Executive in one
case yvould have the selection ol the banks,
and in the other the control over the subor
dinate officers of bis department; with this
difference, that when the bank yvas selected,
it yvould, under the act of 183d, be under the
.ontrol and protection of layv, but the offi
cers yvould be completely under the control
>f the head of department at all times. This
is the sum total of the difference. If you
;s this bill you have the one, and it you
defeat it you have the other.
Thus regarding it, and being opposed on
constitutional grounds to receiving any thing
but the legal currency of the country, or
Government seem ities, in tire public dues,
and to the increase of Executive patronage,
he could not possibly vote for the bill as
amended. He yvas decidedly opposed to
all discretionary powers, especially in the
Executive branch oi' the Government, and
this bill would give greater than any that has
ever passed. It would not only give the
power to which he has already alluded ot
favoring what bank it pleased, but the con
trolling power of demanding specie at pleas
ure of the Executive, of any bank it might
desire to oppress, and abstaining frem de-
rnanding ot those it intended to favor. Porv-
ers such as these he regarded as incompati
ble with our free of Government, and
State Rights ami United States’ Rights.
> tUc star-span-led banner,oh, long may it wave,
iheland of the Tree and the houu of the brave,”
FED Eli
AL
UNION.
ficers ot the Govcmniot tnsic,. r » f
, that the system would be ft? mr one could not consent to comer them.
ves; and, ol course,
equally subject to expansions and contrac
tion-, and equally exposed to catastrophes
•like the present in the one, as the other,
mode of keeping, lie spoke ot bank profits
and bank issues generally, as derived from
the deposite of public money—the aggregate
profitsaudissues ol all banks, without refer
ence. to the distribution of the profits under
the one or the other mode of keeping the
public money. He yvould show, in a void,
that the biil would no more divorce tire Gov
ernment, Irom tire banks, in relation to the
deposites, than it would as it now stood, as
to receiving their notes, and giving them
credit and circulation as cadi, in its dues and
disbui’sctnt nts; and that it would unite them
as effectually in respect to both, as they were
before the suspension in May. Although.the
assertion rmght excise some surprise at first,
it would be very easy to make plain every
yv' rd lie had said.
The profits which il.e banks derive from
the public deposites, when their own notes
w ere collected and deposited, as would be
the case if the bill passed in its present form,
ari-es from the withdrawing ol their notes
from circulation. While their notes are in
deposite, they are as completely yvi'hdrawn
from circulation tor the time as it fount or
destroyed; and the yvithdrawal makes a vacu
uni to that < x?ent in the circulation, yvhich
lias to be tilled up by m-w discounts, and, ol
course, increased business and profits; and
tlii was equally true whether the notes widi-
drayvn were deposited in certain banks, a-
uruf. r the deposite act of ’36, or in tire hands
ol receivers general, and other Executive
uffic: r , as proposed by this bill. The profit
depended, in no degree, on the fact where
their notes were deposited; but on the a-
mount withdrawn, and the length of time
they were kept out of circulation. The lar
ger lire amount wi hdrawn, and the longir
kept on', the greater the business and pro
fits of lire banks. Nor can the issues ex
ceed the sum necessary to fill the vacuum
occasioned by the deposites, whether they
be made with the banks themselves, or the
officers of Government. When the vacuum
occasioned by the yvithdrarval is (riled, what
ever exceed that must return on the banks,
without regard to the place of deposite, and
•check fetrherissues. It follows clearly from
.all this, that the deposite of the public funds,
•if collected in bank notes (as proposed by
the bill a-it now unfortunately stands amen
ded) in the custody of the public officers,
rwouul not in the least affect the discounts
■*:ul the business of tire banks. They would
the as great as if deposited with the barrks,
and yvould keep the circulation of bank notes
as much expanded, and subject to as many
fluctuations and shocks. These propositions
he held to be incontrovertible. lie yvould
be glad to Lear any member rise in his place
ami attempt to answer them.
Nor would die Treasury he a par tide more
independent of the banks than under the de
posite system, before the suspension of spe
cie pay merits. The revenue, as he had said,
would be collected under this bill, should it
pass, as it yvas then, exclusively in bank notes,
which,on suspension, would be just as yvorth-
less in the hands of the officers in yvhose cus
tody they might be deposited, as they.would
he in the banks themselves, and which, ol
course, would again compel the Government,
in such an event, to pay its debts in worthless
rags, to its oyvn great discredit, and the loss
of"its creditors, or not pay them at all. Nor
yvould it Ire possible, any more than in the
present instance, to coileet its debts in the
h gai currency of the country. Gold and
silver yvould as certainly disappear as com
pletely from circulation, under tire operation
of this bill, as it did under the system of bank
,leposite that existed at the time of the late
jmspension.
Ku? if it yviil have no effect in rendering
(he Treasury more independent of the hanks,
nor iu limiting banking operations nr profits,
as it certainly will not, where, he asked, will
V differ from tire late deposite system under
the act of’3G, which this bill is intended to
supersede? There U and can be but one
point of difference, viz: in the distribution of
the profits from tire depositee; and even that
difference, he would show, is more apparent
than real Where the revenue is deposited
With certain banks, selected by the Secreta-
1 Ait he had other and insuperable objec
tions. In giving the bill or iginally bis support,
he yvas governed by a deep conviction that
total separation of the Government and the
banks yvas indispensable, lie hrnrl)' be
lieved that vve had reached a point where
separation yvas absolutely necessary \o save
both Government and Banks. He Vas under
a strong impression that the backing system
bad reached a point of decrepitude—that
great and important changes were necessary
to save it and prevent convulsions, and that
the first step yvas a perpetual separation lie
tween them and (he Government. But there
could fo-, in ! As opinion, no separation—no
divorce—without collecting the public dues
in the ’ega! and constitutional currency ol
the country. Without that, all would prove
a perfect delusion, as this bill would p ove
siio-.iid it pass. We had no constitutional
right to treat the notes of mere private cor
pora ions as ca>h ; and il we did, nothing
would be done.
These views, add many o.lx rs similar, Ire
had cpenly expressed, in yvhich the great
body of the gentlemen around him hod con
curred. We stand openly pledged to then,
before the country and the world. Me had
fought the battle manfully and successtully.
The cause yvas irood, and having stood the
first shock, nothing was necessary, but firm
ness; standing fast on our position (o ensure
victory—a great and glorious victory in a
noble cause, which yvas calculated to effect
a more important reformation in the condi
tion of society than any in our time—he, lor
on?, could not agree to terminate all those
nrigl ty efforts, at this and the extra session,
by returning to a complete and per fect re
union yvith the banks in the worst and most
d ngerous form. lie would not bele all
that lie had said and done, by votieg lor the
bill asit now stood amended; and to termi
nate that which was so gloriously begun, in
so miserable a farce. lie could not but feel
disappointed in rvhat he had reason to appre
hend would he the result—to have all our
efforts and labor thrown away, and the hopes
of the country disappointed. All yvould be
lost! No; he expressed himself too strong
ly. Be the vote what it may, the discussion
yvould stand. Light had gone abreact. The
public mind had been aroused, for the fi si
time, and directed to this great subject. 'Eire
intelligence of the country is every yvliere
busy in exploring its depths and intricacies
and would not cease to investigate till all its
labyrinths yvere traced. The seed that has
been soyvn yviil sprout and grow to maturity;
the revolution that has been be gun yviil go
through, be our course what it may.
The alternative to the rejection ol this
bill would be to do nothing, which., in his opin
ion, yvas infinitely preferable. It would throw
the responsibility from this on the opposite
side. We would thus have done all yve
could, and if nothing Ire done, the irs would
be the fault; and the country would hold
them responsible. But to pass this bill in its
present form yvould be to assume, not only
the responsibility of acting, but ol leaving
things in a worse condition than yve find them;
to strike the disease deeper into the system,
and render it more concealed and dangerous,
while the attention of the patie nt would be
withdrawn for a time from his danger. fi,
on the contrary, yve stand fast on our princi
ples and professions, and suffer tire bill to be
lost rather than to yield our principles, the
public attention would be doubly roused; the
subject yvould be more fully anel perlcctiy
investigated and understood, and the great
cause yve have so nobly supported would
finally anel gloriously triumph. Let others
do as they may, heyvculel maintain his posi
tion, and stand where he stood in 1S34, and
ever since. He could not be driven from
it yvhen others came to it, and noyv he could
pot be elrawn from it by their departing. To
stand alone had no terrors for him. It yvas
to him not unusual.
of ihe
.n a Age.
a is full oi’in-
suspension of
In telling a story, season it with laughier as
you go on, and give notice when you nre done,
so that others nray know when to join in the
laugh.
Si.me people sigh in the old fashioned way;
and some itive a lung sigh through the nose.
Tire former mode occasions much wear and
tear of the heart and the latter saves the wear
and tear of the pocket handkcrchef.
BH.UB1KIEVILLE, RAY 1, 1838.
MR. RIDDf.E VXD THE EXCHANGE
Every body seemed to expect that the j ( j (
cotton crop of JS37, would render easy
the transfer of money from the South to
the Northern c ities of the United States,
but the crop is now generally sold, and
the exchange worse instead of better. Nor
is it easy, noyv that the fac t is manifest, to
account for it. Speculations, or argu
ments shall we call them, have teemed
from the press, and it is still undecided;
and yve are left not only to suffer a heavy
loss on all commercial operations requir
ing remittances to the North, hut what is
to some of ns, fitr worse, a total ignorance
of the cause or remedy lor so galling a
disorder.
We yviil offer to our readers a few
thoughts ol our own on this subject. In
his late letter to Mr. Adams, Mr. Biddle
remarks, that the Bank of the United
States, lias furnished from fifteen to twen
ty millions of dollars, which has been us
ed in the purchase of cotton, during this
season. He docs not say that the bank
purchased a hale, of cotton, but we have
not a doubt on that subject. We do not
doubt that it has been shipped directly to
Europe on account of the Bank oft he Uni
ted States.
This vast sum vested in cotton at pres
ent prices, would pay for at least one-third
part of the whole crop. So much, there
fore, was diverted from the usual course
of trade. -It no longer passed by to pay
the debts ofthe merchants, but was boupb*
by those who had nothing to do w .in goods
or merchandise sent to the South, and
went directly abroad. The natural-con
sequence ol this state of things is, that the
merchant of the South, wishing to make
remittances to the North, must pay for ex
change a large portion of that yvhich he
h"d vainly reckoned on as profit. Si* c jj
is our opinion of the principal cau s
present disastrous state of cv’.
The history of this cr js
struction. Soon r*^’ tcr t i JC
specie pa\*me- jt? ^ - L [ ie price of cotton fell
down te a i mosl nothing; buyers quit lire
fi‘ J ns one too hazardous, and they have
hardly dared to show themselves again on
its dangerous arena, lu the abandoned
field, Mr. Biddle makes his appearance
yvith capital and credit sufficient to com
mand markets, and yy hat he alone could
effect to command prices for what he had
purchased, well might he operate bold
ly, lie for had in hi - own hand the keys of
success. So far as we can perceive, his
operations in cotton, during the summer
of 1837, were in the highest degree bene
ficial to the planter. The article seemed
to he abandoned by the regular trade, and
would otheryvise have been left to rot on
the hands ofthe producer. But these op
erations of the spring and summer ol JS3/,
but whetted Mr. Biddle’s appetite for a
cotton speculation, the most gigantic on
record. He could not stop to prepare for
a resumption of specie payments. The
field ofcotton lie perceived would he again
abandoned t-> him. 'Hie merchants, ei
ther broken or too timid, stood but little in
his way; and the hanks fearing the charge
of expanding their currency, limited their
loans, or placed them on such terms that
the merchants dared not to take them.
Moreover, every one looked on the pres
ent as a time of preparation for theordial
of punctual payments, in specie, it de
manded.
But Mr. Biddle comes to the South, not
as a merchant merely—he is a broker al
so. Secure in preventing remittances to
the North in produce, he demands of the
me reliant for Ins checks or his hills, the
most extravagant premium. We have no
doubt he has thus made a profit of ten
per cent, on the whole amount invested in
cotton. This ten percent, wo think a
dead loss to the Southern merchant,
Nor can wo quit this subject without a
word to our hanks. Bv ti remark in one of
the Northern papers, and by some items in
the reports of some of our hanks, we per
ceive that they are amongthe heaviest de
positors in the New York banks. This
must have arisen from their having de
manded ot their customers, payment in
that citv. The consequence is, that yvliile
they have limited their loans to small a-
mountson inconvenient terms, they have
hern placing themselves in a position to
profit by the extravagant price Mr. Biddle
has placed on exchange. What the banks
have lost by limiting their business, they
are now making up by extravagant pie-
miums on exchange. And \yho pays?
Here again the merchant bleeds. He is
too prudent to buy cotton; lie leaves that
to Mr. Biddle and a few of his acquaintan
ces who gamble in the article. But lie buys
goods at the North on a credit, sells them
lorcash, and of that cash pays ten per
cent, (a third of his profit) for a check on
the North to pay for Iris goods.
'Phe most comfortable part oftliiscuri-
ous state of things wo have been descri
bing, falls to the lot ofthe Northern mer
chant. He, too, is acting the part of pru
dence and of wisdom loo. He refuses to
import goods at the rates heretofore prac
ticed. He therefore wants hut little mon
ey in Europe, and that lie obtains for bank
bills of his own city, at par. He exacts
the difference of exchange fr»m his South
ern customer, while lie is himself relieved
from lire premium he has been accustom
ed to pay for money in foreign markets.
His business is less, it is true, but like our
Georgia hanks, he continues to make it
yield him a greater profit. We shrewd
ly suspect that Mr. Biddle did not expect
such a state of things as this. We can
hardly doubt, but that in casting up the
account of his expected profits, lie made
no small item of his foreign exchange to
he sold in this country, at a premium. If
1re made such a calculation, he has been
disappointed. We see his agent iu Lon-
i don, bidding up for his bonds sold last
! year, but not yet due, and only exacting
| three per cent, per annum discount for
premature payment. This shows that he
has some difficulty in getting home with
his booty. If he does not choose to be-
| come merchant there also, he must bring
j gold. Perhaps he is already among the
j heaviest importers of that article, which,
! we learn from the papers, is pouring in as
a flood, at the North.
One more remark with regard to Mr.
Biiidle, and we have done. Some of his
contracts, it appears, have matured in
New York, and he refuses payment, ex-
ceptin the depreciated hillsof the old Uni
ted Stales Bank. This has no doubt, a-
risen from the heavy amount ot funds
thrown into Europe by his cotton specula-
>n. Vast as Iris resources are, they
have been absorbed by his great enterpri
ses, and when his creditors eaU on him at
home, he has nothing bat these old bills to
offer in payment. His check on the pro
ceeds of his cotton in Europe,do not come
to his aid in the crisis; they are not in de
mand, and bring no premium when sold.
So we write one chapter of the career
of Nicholas Biddle, the gigantic broker and
d r al r ’7i cotton.
If lie gets off’ his produce without loss,
he lias made the most remarkable specu
lation on record. The pocki tsof his stock
holders will he stored with millions told
in his profits. And now, who is to blame
for all this? The merchant whom he has
fleeced, refused to buy the cotton, and
thus exposed their breaking hacks to his
shears. The State Banks have left him
his field undisturbed, while they pick up
the crumbs of comfort allowed them by
the exorbitant exchange they make on
their small business. The fact is, that
the legislation of the country is wrong.
Mr. Biddle has too much power to he in
trusted to one hand.
It is really amusing to see the quackery
proposed as a remedy for these evils. A
merchant of Alabama, the other d;"" fC .
marked, ll«u he was tired ^ ’’’'j 5
per cent, premium ew)]a ‘ ^jtvas
now ready m g 0 j n f or a re -charter of the
ied States Bank hv Congress. Job’s
sublime devotion hursts forth in the awful
expressions, “ Tho'he slay me yet will I trust
in him." The ridicqVous devotion of the
Southern merchants to Mr. Biddle, is but
a paraphrase D f this.
Iho he Vleece us yet will wc trust in him.
The distressed condition ofthe citizens
of a neighboring city, whose pride and
commercial importance to the South was
not surpassed, presents an occasion for the
exercise of that liberality on the part of
the citizens of this c-iry-, which can but de
mand their efforts to have extended to the
sufferers in Charleston, all the assistance
in their power to afford them.
Charleston, when in prosperity, stepped
forward and dealt with a liberal and char
itable hand to the sufferers of Augusta and
Savannah, when they were visited with a
similar disaster. We hope to see the
same spirit manifested by our cities for
her reliefin the present misfortune. We
invite the immediate action of our city au-
iliorities and of the citizens in behalf of
the sufferers, and we liust such contribu
tions will he immediately raised and for
warded from our city as the emergency
will admit of.
COMMUNICATIONS.
UNION MEETING IN HABERSHAM.
According to previous notice, a respec
table number of the Union Party in the
county of Habersham met in the Court
house at Clarksville, for the purpose of
appointing Delegates to represent said
county in the Convention to he held in
Milledgeville, on the first Monday in May
next, for the purpose of nominating a tick
et to represent the State of Georgia in the
Congress of the United States, when, Dr.
George D. Phillips was unanimously cal
led to the Chair, and J. T. Carter chosen
Secretary.
The object of the meeting was then ex
plained by the Chairman, when Malcom
J. Walker, Esq. introduced the following
Preamble and Resolutions, which were
unanimously adopted by the meeting.
Whereas the friends of the Union Dem
ocratic Part}’ recommended at the last
session of the General Assembly, that a
Convention should he held at Milledge
ville on the first Monday in May next, for
the purpose of nominating a ticket to iep-
resent the State of Georgia in Congress.
And whereas, we deem it important to the
interest of our common country, that our
State he ably represented in Congress by
a delegation that will support, and defend
the principles of the Democratic Party, re
gardless of men. We advocate our prin
ciples, as a political party, on principle
alone, and tire ready to discard men who
disregard principle, or who are recreant
to the trust reposed in them. We fear
( nothing, if our political principles are sus
tained by those to whom they are confi
ded. We want men to sustain those prin
ciples in the present crisis.
On the great and exciting subject of Ab
olition, we have nothing to fear, so long as
the South are united in opposition against
it. On that ground, all political n o,, ' ies
in the South, meet as frie- 1 ^ing
an impenetrable jront to a] , ^ ppositionj
:JIK ^Tniier than yield the Union of the
States which we prize so dear, they must
tumble into their original fragments of em
pire.
In reference to the proposed Conven
tion, we approve of anil cheerfully render
to it our hearty support. Be it therefore
Tlmdvcd, That George D. Phillips, Jno.
T. Carter, Kinchen Carr and Lewis Le
vy, be and the same are hereby appointed
Delegates to represent the Union Party ol
Habersham County in the Convention to
he held in Milledgeville, on the first Mon
day in May next.
lies <hed, That in the event any ofthe
persons thus nominated should fail to ac
cept their appointment, that the remain
ing delegates shall supply the vacancy.
Resolved, That the proceedings of this
meeting be published in the Southern
Banner and Federal Union.
The meeting then adjourned.
GEO. D. PHILLIPS, Chairman.
J. T. Carter, Scc'ij.
RAIL ItOAO MEETING.
A meeting of the citizens of Baldwin
county was held at the Court-house in this
city on Saturday, the 2Sth ult.
On motion, Col. Thomas Haynes was
called to the Chair, and F. V. Delaunay,
Esq., appointed Secretary.
K. K. Hines, Esq. presented a commu
nication from VV m. Terrell and J. B. Ran-
some, a committee appointed by the citi
zens of Hancock county, soliciting the co
operation of Baldwin county with the
citizens of Hancock county in relation to
forming a connection by the way of Mil-
lcdgeville and Sparta, with the Central
Rail lload.
The meeting was addressed by R. K*
Hines, Esq., Col. W ms. Rutherford, M .
Y Han sell, Esq., and Dr. T. Fort; and
the following resolutions were offered by
Dr. Fort which were adopted by the meet
ing, to wit:
Rcsolrcd, That a committee ho appoint
ed to open a correspondence with the di
rectors of the Middle Branch Bail Road,
with a view of effecting a raid n>ae com
munication from Milledgeville to the south
ern termination of the Great Western
Kail Road, in Delvalh county, and that
said committee he authorized to confer
with the citizens ofthe intermediate coun
ties or others on this subject.
The committee appointed are Dr. T.
Fort, W. Y. Hansell, R. K. Hines, I. L.
Harris and R. Rowell, Esqrs.
Resolved also, That a committee be ap
pointed to open a correspondence with the
Central Rail Road Company, for the pur
pose of ascertaining if that company are
willing to carry their road through or near
to Mille Igevillc, on the condition that ihe
citizens of this county will purchase so
much of their stock as to cover the ex
pense of this change in the direction ot
said road; and that said committee res
pond io the letter received from the citi
zens of Hancock county, in regard to said
road.
The committee appointed by the Chair
to carry out this resolution, are A. H.
Kenan, Wms. Rutherford, Wm. D. Jar-
rott, G. II. Jourdan and F. V. Delauny,
Esqrs.
The meeting adjourned to meet again
on the 3d Saturday in this month.
UNION MEETING IN MORGAN.
Pursuant to previous notice, the Union
Party of Morgan County, met at Welling
ton, on Saturday, 21st April, for the pur
pose of selecting delegates for the Con
vention to he held in Milledgeville, on the
first Monday in May next, when Little-
berry Bostwick, Esq. was called to the
Chair, and Josephus Clark appointed Sec
retary. The object of the meeting being
explained by the Chair,
Major Wm. Wood moved that the Chair
man appoint a committee of four to name
four suitable persons to represent the Uni
on Party of Morgan county in said Con
vention, whereupon the Chairman ap
pointed John McMurry, Hardwick Mad
dox, John Harris and Lumpkin J. Gar
rett, that committee.
The committee having retired a few
minutes reported the following as dele
gates to said Convention, which was ap
proved by the meeting, to wit:
Isaac Walker, Esq. Col. Wm. Stallings,
Maj. Wm. Wood and Joseph Boren, Esq.
Resolved, Tliat the said delegates have
power to fill any vacancy that may occur
in their delegation.
Resolved, That the proceedings of this
meeting be signed by the Chairman and
Secretary, and be published in the Feder
al Union,
On motion, The meetingthen adjourned.
L. BOSTWICK, Chairman.
J. Clark, Scc'y.
DREADFUL ACCIDENT.
We learned by the Mobile papers that the
Schooner Honry Clay (a lighter) was capsized
in the bay on the evening of the 19th inst., and
every soul on board perished in the waters: sev
eral sea Captains and passengers were on board.
The only body which has been yet found was
that of the Captain’s wife, Mrs. McDonald which
was taken to Mobile, and interred.—Alabama
Journal.
Jumper.—The distinguished and warlike
Chief of the Seminole tribe, whose name heads
this article died at New Orleans on the 18th
inst. He had been confined to his bed by dis
ease for two months past.
The citizens and military attended the funer
al and lie was buried with all the honors of war.
The number of banks in the United States in
December last, it appears by the reports, was
63’2. Their aggregate capital 8290,772,091.
Their specie $37,915,340. Circulation $149,.
185,890, Deposit' s $127,397,185.
UNION MEETING IN UPSON.
Pursuant to previous notice, a portion of
the Union Party of Upson County, met at
the Court-house in Thomaston, on Satur
day, 21 st April, for the purpose of appoin
ting Delegates to the Convention propos
ed to be held in Milledgeville, on the first
Monday in May next, to nominate a Con
gressional ticket.
The meeting was organized by calling
Dr. David Kendall to the Chair, and ap
pointing James R. Cox, Esq. Secretary
The objects of the meeting having been
briefly explained by the Chairman, the
following resolutions were offered by J. It
Cox, Esq. and unanimously adopted.
Resolved, That this meeting highly ap
prove the project of a Convention lor the
purpose of nominating candidates for Con
gress to be supported by the Union Party
at the next general election, because we
believe it to he the only legitimate and re
publican method of selecting pandidates
for that important office.
Resolved, That we will give our support
to no candidate for Congress who is not
firmly devoted to the principles of the
Union Party of Georgia, and ofthe great
democratic party ofthe Union.
On motion of James Boynton, Esq. it was
Resolved, That this meeting proceed to
elect three delegates, by ballot, to repre
sent the Union Party of this County in
said Convention, and upon counting the
ballots it appeared that George Powell,
James R. Cox aud Dr. D. Kendall were
duly elected.
On motion of Capl. J. W. Evans,
Resolved, That the Delegates elect have
power to fill any vacancy which may oc
cur in their body.
Resolved, That the proceedings of the
meeting be signed and countersigned, and
published in the Federal Union.
On motion of J. Boynton, Esq. the
meeting then adjourned.
D. KENDALL, Chairman.
Jas. R. Cox, Sec'y.
UNION MEETING LN JASPER.
Pursuant to previous notice a large and
respectable number of the Democratic
Republican citizens of Jasper county , con
vened at the Court-house in Monticello,
when, on motion of Col. John C. Waters,
Col. Wm. C. Williamson was called to the
Chair, and T. J. Smith appointed Sec’y.
After the meeting was organized, Ed
ward Varner, Esq. introduced the follow
ing resolutions, which were adopted:
Resolved, That il is expedient for the
Union Party of Jasper county to be rep
resented in the Convention proposed to he
held in Milledgeville in May next, by the
Union Democratic Party of this State.
Resolved, That the Chairman appoint a
committee of four to select and recom
mend to this Rieeting for their ratification
four suitable persons to represent them in
said Convention, whereupon the Chair ap
pointed the following gentlemen that com
mittee, to wit.
Robert Kellum, Erwin Brown, Thom
as Wyatt, Esqrs., Capt. William Hitch
cock and Col. James M. Darden.
The committee after having retired a
few minutes, reported the following gen
tlemen as delegates to the Convention,
which was approved by the meeting, viz:
John Robinson, Esq. Reuben Jordan,
Esq. Col. John C. Waters and Col. Wil
liam M. Williamson.
It was, onmotion,
Resolved, That said delegates have
power to fill any vacancy that may occur
in their delegation.
On motion of Edward Varner, Esq. the
following additional resolutions were unan
imously adopted.
Resolved, That we are in favor of an In
dependent Treasury for the management
ofthe fiscal conry^g 0 f t j, e Federal Gov
ernment and are therefore opposed to a
deposit of the revenue thereof in bar.ks
with the privilege of their being used in
their ordinary banking transactions.
Resolved, That our delegates he request
ed to use their exertions to procure the
nomination of such a ticket for Congress,
as will, by their intelligence, true republi
can principles and devotion to democratic
measures,* inspire confidence in the party
throughout the State.
Resolved, That it is proper for the Ba nk?
in our State tomakespeedy arrangements
for the resumption of specie payments, so
that confidence may again he restored in
said institutions, holding that banks are
both legally and morally bound to make
and keep their issues up to the true spe
cie stnndard.
On motion it was
Resolv d, That the proceedings of this
meeting he published in the Union papers
of Milledgeville.
WM. VV. WILLIAMSON, Ch'mn.
T. J. Smith, Sec'y.
UNION MEETING IN PAULDING.
At a meeting of the Democratic Re
publican Party of Paulding county, con
vened in the town of Van Wirt, on Tues
day, April 3d, 1S38, pursuant to previ
ous notice, Col. Turman Walthall was
called to the Chair and Tlio’s. A. Chilom,
Esq. appointed Secretary. The meeting
being thus organized, the Chairman brief
ly stated the object to he the appointment
of delegates to the Convention to be held
in Milledgeville in May next, for the pur
pose of nominating a Congressional ticket
WhitmaelH. Adair moved that a com
mittee of three be appointed by the Chair
man to select two suitable individuals to
present to the meeting, whereupon the
Chairman appointed W. H. Adair, John
S. Shipp and John W itcher, Esqrs. The
committee retired, and in a few minutes
presented die names of John Ledbetter
and Jacob Parlier as the Delegates to
represent Paulding county in said Con
vention, which was agreed to without a
dissenting voice.
On motion of W. H. Adair,
Resolved, That if either of the delegates
should be prevented from attending said
Convention, that Col. Turman Walthall
he, and he is hereby appointed by this
meeting to fill such vacancy, which was
unanimously agreed to.
On motion, The proceedings of the
meeting were ordered to be signed by the
Chairman and Secretary, and published
in the Union papers of Milledgeville and
Western Georgian.
The meetingthen adjourned.
T. WALTHALL, Chairman.
T. Chislom, Sec'y.
[From ihe Augusta Sentinel. Fxirn, iSthuhT""
AWFUL FIRE IN CHARLESTON!!
We learn with the deepest regret, by p ag -
sengers from Charleston, who arrived here
this evening by the Carolina Rail Road, that
the city of Charleston has been visited bv
one of the most destructive fires that has
ever visited any citv in the United States
ONE THIRD OF THE CITY WAS LAID
IN ASHES at the departure of the cars
this morning at six o’clock, and the fire teas
raging as ij it would consume at least one
third more.
The fire broke out last night at a quarter
past 8 o’clock, in a Paint store, on the we»»
tern side of King-st. corner of Bcrresfofd-sf,
The wind blowing strongly from the South
West, blew the flames diagonally aero?#
King-st. and at the time of the departure of
the cars the whole section of the city above
Berresford-st., up to Society str eet and East
of King street to the Bay was burnt down
or burning. From Berresford to Societv
are four streets—from King street to tlie
Bayab.ut as many or perhaps more. The'
fire had also extended four or five block*
West of King street and was still progres
sing with terrific rapidity up that street m
the direction of Boundary street, when the
Carr left. Our informant believes it im
possible to calculate wlrat will be the ul
timate extent of the fire as it seemed in
no way checked at 6 o’clock this morn-
ing.
Among the buildings consumed are a.
number of Churches—the New Theatre*
the splendid new Hotel recently erected 1
and the whole market except the Fish,
market—Nearly all the large merchants-
in th, e centre of business on King street
were burnt out—among them Parish, Wi
ley and Co., C. and G. H. Kelsey and Co.,.
Boraem and Co. and all that neighbor
hood, and the large store house of Miller*
Ripley and Co. on lire corner of King and
Society streets was catching the flames'
when our in formant lelt. The Merchant^
Hotel, formerly Miot’s, had not caught Put
it was believed to be impossible to save
it. At Norris’s, Hotel, still higher up
King street and on the West side, they
had removed all the .furniture and bed
ding in almost certain anticipation of being
burnt out.
A large number of houses had been
blown up, to no purpose. All the powder
in the city was exhausted, all the water in
the pumps, and the people wearied with
a whole night’s incessant and unavailing
toil, found themselves this morning, able
to make but a feeble resistance to the still
raging and devouring flames. A number
of persons had been killed by the blowing
up of houses and throwing furniture into
the streets. The Steam Boat Neptune,
lying in the Bay caught on fire, but it was
fortunately extinguished.
The trunks directed to this office, amE
to the Constitutionalist office, from the
Newspaper offices in Charleston, failed to-
come this evening, as we presume no pa
pers were printed there last night; and as
the regular mail was closed last night be
fore the fire broke out, no other information
has been received here, than that from pas
sengers, which is necessarily limited as to*
particulars.
This is indeed a mournful catastrophe?
A flourishing city laid in ashes—her peo
ple burnt out of home and substance, and
millions of property destroyed in a single
night! The Insurance Companies of
Charleston we learn are of small capitals*
and will ever}’ one no doubt be ruined, and
still be unable to make good but a small
portion of the losses. Hundreds ol fami
lies must be utterly ruined by this genetal
calamity—Years cannot make Charleston
what she was.
P. S. Since the above was written we
have been shewn a. letter, from Charleston,,
closed a little before 4 o’clock this mor
ning, and brought up by a passenger which
confiims all the important facts stated a-
bove. It also states that the rigging of
many of the vessels lying at the wharves-
had been burnt.
LATEST FROM EUROPE.
The splendid steamer Great Western,
Lieut. Hosken, R. N. came up in fine
style, at 2 P. M. yesterday, having sailed
from Bristol, England, on the evening of
the 7th inst. By her the Editors of the
New York Daily Express are put in pos
session of copious files of Bristol and Lon
don papers to Saturday, the 7th, and Liv
erpool of the 5th, together with the lalest
commercial and shipping intelligence.
The Great Western brings us twelve days
later than the George Washington, and
four days later than the Sirius. The mon
ey market continued to be abundant. The
Mercantile Journal says there has been
plenty of money in circulation, and dis
counts on best bills continued to be low.
Prime bills have been far from plentiful
The resumption of specie payments about
to take place by the New York Banks on
the 10th of May, was an absorbing topic
of conversation among all parties connect
ed with thecommerceof theUnited States.
The Liverpool Cotton market up to the
6th, was without material change; sales
rather large, and common qualities a shade
lower. We have later advices from Lon
don and the continent. The shipments of
specie from England continued to be large,
and the arrivals into London from the
continent, were also large. Private let
ters state that the trade with America was
improving, and confidence increasing.
The “Great Western” registers 1604
tons; her length is 224 feet; her breadth
from out to out of the paddle boxes. 58 ft.;
her engines are of 450 horse power. She
started from Bristol with 870 tons of coal.
New York Daily Express, April 24.
New York, April 24.
MONEY MARKET.
There is a decided improvement in the
Money market to-day. Stocks, which are
the first indication, it will be seen, have
gone up briskly. Exchange on England
is about one per cent, higher—sales have
been made at 7 per cent, premium.
From the. Wilmington {Del.) Gazette.
The fate of a Murderer.—Many ol our rea
ders will no doubt, recollect a tragical affair
which occurred t the theatre in Monticello,
Georgia, a lew years since, in wtrich the son
of one of the most respectable citizens of this
state, Caleb Ross, Esq. of Laurel, was shot by
a man named Augustus L. Glover, anu wh0 '
it was stated, had previously murdered severs
other individuals. Mr. Ross has expended a
large amount of money, and exerted all his en
ergies in endeavoring to ferret out the murderer
of his son; but all Ins efforts have, we believe,
thus far proved entirely unavailing. » u >
learn from the Arkansas Times, ol the 1J
March last this monster in human shape, has a
length been overtaken by a just and wise rov •
dence, in his sanguinary career; and lell dv u
same weapon with which he has brougit s
eral of his fellow men to an untimely 8 ra ' e ‘.
appears that Glover has succeeded in ov.
the laws, and escaped from justice by cone
ing himself in a remote part ol the t.ite
kausas, where he had married, and has
The Times says that on the 4th of March l»t
Glorer was assassinated while trave
road from his residence on the Redlor a > ’
to his father-in-law’s, Mr. G. B. " a!son > ••
He was in company with his wile, a > <wll ‘ ! ’.
dy and two gentlemen, in all five persons,
of the company only had a gun, an i ia
charged. As the company reached an F
space in the road, immediately on the a
the bayou, a gun shot was heard to fne ro
i—ir„r.iw. kavmi nndsomeofthesn
opposite bank ofthe bayou, and some o
penetrated the clothes of sev. ral ot the coin* *
At tha fire of the gun, Glover dismounted ana
took the only gun in company and repaire
hind a tree, and called for the powder an » >
swearing he would ascertain who the .
sassin was. As his friend advanced iowar
with the powder, &c. a rifle was filed rom
same p'nce, and probably from the same
the ball penetrated the breast ot L,1@ve ’ : h
passed out under the shoulder blade, o .
wound he died in a very few minutes. - ^
Innerson, whose residence is near the k
murder, with whom it is said G. had a dd
a few days previous, has been arrested
picion of having committed the murder,
is another exemplification of the Scnpt ur -v
ing, that he who sheds a brother s ^
by man shall his blood be shed &RU,
cient evidence ot the fact, that l , 10 .™. ice of
though he may for a time evade t c J .
the law, he cannot escape the wrat o
and just God.
Life is shryri and as
a woman’s work is never pP 1 *^ * , u jj talk
fore work double tides, tajit is, si
and tavgh at the same tune, ^earsot
b« s-yycj in this way,,