Newspaper Page Text
Sltifow
CON ft R l>SIO> A L.
“1
IN SENATE.
May 15, 1833.
Till-: CHEROKEE TREATY.
Mr. DAVIS presented several memorials in
relation t) tiie Cherokee treaty, piaying foi its
i«-ision and repeal: laid on tlie table.
Mr. McKEAN presented several memorials
til the same subject; which were disposed of in
the same mania r.
Mr. LUMPKIN of Georgia, troso, and ad
dressed the Senate to the following eifi ct:
Mr. President: I hold in mv hand a letter
addressed to me by Mr. John Ridge, a Chero-
kee man, of the country West. Inis letter
contains much interesting and detailed informa
tion in regard to the present state and coin! t on
of the Cherokee people, and niFords a lair view
of the prospects which await these people, if
they could ho permuted to enter into the po->
session of the advantages secured to them b\
the treaty of 1835. It is my wish, sir, to read
this letter for the information ot the Senate
and of the country, i will add, that l have
numerous letters from highly respectable Chero.
kecs who have set'let) in the \VeSt, which
to sustain lully all the view?, and statements of
Mr. Ridge. Tin* p
rending t''is letter I ttuit will not be controvert
ed, w hen we take inm consideration the present
actual state of our Cherokee all <i• s.
It is know n that the Government, in Decem-
W. 1835, entered in o an at langement or trea
ty with «. numerous and intelligent delegation
of the Cherokee people. Under which arrange-
ment it was stipulated and agreed that the
whole people should emigrate from the East to
the West, under the care and superintendence
of the Government of ti e United States, on or
before the 23d of the present mouth, May. 1338;
and several thousand of them, including the
most intelligent, have already emigrated, and
taken up their abodes in their new country,
where they are quiet, happy, and contented, and
are anxious to See the balance of then tribe join
them in the West, and participate in their rich
inheritance. Among the emigrants are Mr.
Ridge, the waiter of ilu b iter to which I have
referred, who is a man of strong native mind,
improved by cultivation and education. He is
a man of great integrity of character, whoso
lofty spirit became restless under the conflicts
and Controversies of his people with the State
Governments, which terminated in the annihi
lation of the Cherokee Government. Under
these circumstances Mr. Ridge and his friends
yielded to the force of circumstances, choosing
to abandon their country rather than he depri
ved of their native right to self government;
and Mr. Ridge became the independent advo
cate of emigration, as the best hope of securing
to bis people the boon of liberty and independ
ence. And now with a prudent and intelligent
forecast, he looks to a more honorable and en
deared relation to the Government of the U. S.
as the only rational hope of perpetuating the
existence of the native American race.
But, sir, by the indulgence of the Senate 1
will read the letter of Mr. Ridge referred to,
and to sustain the truth of which 1 have in mv
possession ample testimony.
[Leave being granted, Mr. L. read as fed-
lows,]
South Lee, Berkshire Co. Mass.
May 7, 1838
My Friend: While I was in New York, 1
received your kind letter of the 25th u!t. in an-
swer to mine, for which I am greatly indebted
to you. lv was my desire to have visited Wash
ington, in order to have the pleasure of a per-
sonal interview with you, and also to see the
result ol the great Indian bill, now in a course
of discussion in the Senate, but the period I
have set npait to return to my country is the
first ot June, and I have but a short time to
spend among my wife’s relations.
] did not write as hilly as the interesting sub
ject of the Cherokee removal, and the nature
of the country demanded, as I then believed I
should see you. Now you will allow me to
relate my opinion of our country in the West,
and the situation of our people.
The treaty is so liberal in its provisions* for
the comfortable removal of the Clterokees, that
I have heard no complaints on that head, but
the highest satisfaction- Those who went bv
water m steamboats in the spring ol the year,
passed wit!) s > much despatch, that most of
them planted corn, and raised considerable crops
You know that good and exemplary Christian,
Mr. Charles .Moore. He said that i.e planted
in the month of June, and raised a greatercrop
of brans, pumpkins, an I corn, than he ever dal
iri Georgia under ihe most favorable circumstan
ces- fie said that ‘‘the land in the West was
so rich, that lie could compare it to n tliii (r
else than a fattened l og, which \v s so fat that
he could not get up.” I have travelled extern
sivelv in that corin'ry—once, front my r< sid< nee,
rear the corner of Missouri and Arkansas, to
f ort Smith, through Flint dist ict, where I had
the pleasu e of beholding fine springs of water,
excellent farms, and comfortable t ons ■<, mid
smil Is a i id mission sciiof ds. be Ion mu g to the (flier
oktres, and every evidence of prosperity and
happiness was to he sc. n among the Cnerok. es
ns a people. I saw a number who had previ
ously arrived, and w ho arrived since I had, and
1 heard bui one s- niiment—that they were hap
py and contented in their new country.—-
J.udeed the so,I is so exceedingly rich, and
swell timbered, and the navigation of ll e Arkun-
*cas river affords them superior commercial ad
Mantagts to what they enjoved in the East. 1
joked with the people, and asked them if they
would return to Georgia, even if 1 ev could be
re established in thejr ancient rig'-us and loca
tion in that c entry? Tliev mva iabiv sod,
JSo, by no means! Nothing would induce them
:»o return. But they sinemcly wished that the
.eyes of their countrymen might he ojiened,
-imd-break from the delusions of John Ross und
Ids political to ,'s, and escape t.T this good land.
J think in this direction, I travelled overoightv-
•igljt miles ol the nation in a straight line. Af
ter this, ! visited tiie newly acquired land, cal
ifed neutral, which was added io our country
went, by the treaty of New Echota. I rode
xwer it about two days, and there found Mr. Jo.
oeph Rogers, our Cherokee friend from the
Chatalioochec, pleasantly situated in tlie finest
regio i of country I ever behe'.J on any land in
the United States. The s'reams here, of all
sixes fiom the r.ver to the brooks, run swiftly
over clear stones and pebbles, and the water is
clear as crys'al, in which excellent fish abound
in vasi numbers. Tne soil is diversified, from
the b"st prairie lands to ihe best lx it tom lands
in vast tracts. Never did 1 see a belter locn-
tion for settlements, an I Iieiter springs in the
wo Id. God has thrown his favms here with
a broad cast. In this region are numerous
mills, and it is of itself capable of supporting a
Urfjejr p pulution than the whole Cherokee nu-
i’i<*ru On my reiurn, I travelled towards Fort
Gibson, seventy-five miles, in another direction,
and I found the richest of the soil and natural
advantages, far superior to any tidier country
in my travels. In ibis trip, I visited Purkhill
mission, where the Rev. Mr. Worcester and
Mr. Bondinot, are located, and are engaged in
the tran-intion and publication of useful religious
books in the Cherokee language, and also Choc-
law books prepared by the Choctaw missiona-
rie*. But wlmt pleased me more, and which
was a new thing here, in this country, these
gentlemen had published a Christian Almanac,
in Cherokee and English, calculated for the me
ridian of Fort Gibson! I found lids extensive
ly in circulation among the Chcrokees; and in
fact, I was pb used to find, that religious tracts
in the Indian language, on the shelves of full-
blooded Clterokees, and every one knew and
aecmi-d to love, the “messenger,” as they call
Mr. Worcester. I very often met with new
emigrants from the eastern nation, either arri-
ying, or settling the country, or on their way
to Foit Gibson, to draw the balance of their : introduced to expose their error, the Senator ti<>ns lor emigration, as you ci.n, and I us . :o P M-l- ot uli. *•* - ‘
dues for their lands and improvements. These from Massachusetts (Mr. Davis) complains ol , this place, to Ros.*’ Landing, ot io Gunter s 1 hr Senate, in a single day s session,
new comers were formerly of opposite parties the want of respect to these petitioners. The j Landing, where jou all will be received w kii d- ended the contest about thes supplies—
in the old nation; there was no disposition to : letter of Mr. Ridge read by me, has nothing in ness bv officers select* d for the purpose. You only some thirteen of the opposition
quarrel, but every disposition manifested tocul- ; it unkind or uncouneous to these people, unless
tivate. friendship, and rejoice together in the the exposure of their errors and ignorance u|x»n
possession of this country. j this Indian subject may be so considered. Com-
1 had tiie pleasure of being introduced to pare the severity and sentiments of these ineino-
Gen. A i buckle, commanding, at Fort Gibson,
and I f.uii.J him to he on excellent man, of fine
pers -nul appearance, and intelligence. lie in
formed me that the country next to the Osages,
on the Verdigris, was tiie best in the country,
and was yet unsettled; so you perceive that I
am greatly pleased with our new country.—
Most all the intelligent men of our nation, our
supreme judges, our sheriffs, marshals, our le-
gislatois, and our national treasurer, are, you
are aware, already removed; and all are enga
ged in the building of houses, and the opening
of farms. Many of the Oherokees have turned
their attention to merchandising, and some have
s ipp ied themselves with .roods from New Or-
l ans and New York, besides other places more
convenient to tiie naiion.
Many oft’ !C . Christian Chcrokees are engaged
1.1 the o gunizaiion of schools and temperance
societies; and there is no danger assontesup-
ipi i.-tv of introducing and j post d, that the Cherokees would indulge so much
in the chase as to retrograde from civilization.
y>ul I have also t lie pleasure of inf .ruing you,
t!u t the term.st friendship and tranquility pre
vail; between the Indians and the c-it z -ns of
t e United Slat s not only those \vly 0 |j ve )lt
the military stations, but tnos** .ff your citizens
who reside iii Missouri and Arkansas, near ihe
C erokee mat on. In the be.>t state of friend
snip thev 'Lit and trade together on both sides
ot the line, to their mutual advantage. In ad
dition to this, we have excellent saline springs,
w here salt is made by the Clterokees. 1 was
•old Judge Martin was about to commence to
work at one of these salines. In regard to the
health of tiie country, I find that it is good on
the small water courses, and it is onlv on the
larger water courses that the fever and ague
prevails among new sellers. But it is .some
what singula r, that whenever a Cherokee ari ives
in the country, wherever that might be, he
cannot be induced to change ins location for
a better. He vvil say that there is either no
belter, or that his place is as good as he wants
it to be.
If the people of the United States could only
see our condition in the West, they would no
longer assist John Ross to delude the poor, ig
norant portion c.f our people to remain in the
East, while lie can speculate on their miseries.
The Cherokee Government in the West is
very much like it was in the old nation before
it was suppressed by tiie States.
They have an Executive, Legislature, and a
Judicialy, and trial by Jury,
1 feci happy to ascertain that a majority of
the Senate entertain such magnanimous views
towards the well-being of the Indians in future.
Removed as they arc f.o State jurisdiction
and conflict, with the rich advantages of chris
tiani'y and civilization, the Choctaws, Chero
kees Chickasaw's, Creeks, and other nations, are
destined to become a mighty and a happy peo
ple in the West. I ant truly pleased to find
that our neighbor Senator Sevier stands by your
side in tins groat undertaking. That was a
happy thought of his, in calling the Indian Ter
ritory "Neosho." It means, in tiie Ossage Ian-
gunge, tiie “Clear TVoters."
1 should be glad to receive the documents
connected with that bill, and all the important
speeches upon the subject.
While I was in New York, 1 found that the
religious community were entirely bewildered
by John Ross, and the party slang of their pa-
pers. Instead of viewing the lute treaty as u
blessing to the Cherokees, and us a mode oi
re’i(f to the suffering Chcrokees, they con
sidered it the source of all their afflictions. I
attempted to ex; lain John Ross’s position in the
papers; and many of them are convinced that
the treaty and i s friends are in the right; but
a great many are still bewildered. They be
lieve that John Ross is the nation; and could
I.esucceed to break the treaty the whole of ihe
Southern States would retire from their juris
diction-; I charters.
I so-netinies feel afraid that all is not right in
these editors of newspapers. It would seem
that t ev would be willing to have the Indians
resist and sited blood, and produce a Florida
scene, in order ti render their Government odi
ous. They seem to be pleased io have money
expended to suppn ss Indian hostilities, and then
blame ti e Govern nent for the expenses. They
well know that the Indians cannot exist in the
States; and all they can possibly accomplish
bv their memorials, is to assist John Ross to ef
fect a treaty, the character of which is buried
deep in his breast. They all know that in the
Fast the Cher, kees have no Government, and
have had no .-] ictions for nine years past; and
vet John Ross is, in their estii.oatii n, a constitu
tional chief over all the • iigiokees; ’led if the
President refuses to recognize this ”rcp'-s:c r ous
claim, and determines to see that all the t_,,.ero-
kees shall share alike from the avails nf their
In d, then they proclaim him a in in->ter, and
John Ross the Cherokee Christian.
I shall remain here to the first of .U.n ; and
I will be obliged io you for another letter hi fore
I s art for the West. I am vour fiend.
JOHN RIDGE.
Gov. Wilson Lumpkin.
Thus, sir, you have the views of a man than
whom none is better qualified to judge oi more
entitled to full credit. Now, sir, what a con
trust does this letter of facts present, when com
pared with the idle, silly, and false sympathy
set forth in the memorials and petitions with
which -ve are daily inundated—coming Iron;
a distant people, who are obviously ignorant
ol the merits of the subject with which they
are impertinently intermeddling. Yes, sir,
these memorialists are made to complain upon
a subject upon which, from the nature ot tilings,
they care an I know but little. Sir, these go >d,
religious memorialists are biouglit in as auxil
iaries to a political cause. Tiie obvious object
is to bring odium and censure on the adminis
tration of your Government. I aspire not to
the honor of those who are the organs of such
petitioners. Sir, I am the friend of liberty and
individual rights. To petition, speak, write, and
publish, is guarantied to the American citizen
by tiie Const tut ion of our country. I would
abridge ne,ne of these rights. But I am the
avowed, opponent of the impertinent intermed
dling of one section of our country with the
local concerns of another section. And, sir,
when in my closet. 1 sometimes tremble for the
ultimate deslinv of my country, when 1 trace
the progress and movements of the present
times.
We are justly and properly cons'dered a
Christian people. The constitutions of our coun
try all recognise the Bible as a book of Divine
origin and revelation, and none can have a
higher regard and veneration for that standard
of religion than myself. But in the fiirmation
of our Constitution, great care was taken not
to blend Church and State; a religious party in
polities, such as these petitioners on the Chero
kee subject, was never contemplated by the fra
mers of our Constitution. But with nli our
guaranties of liberty of conscience, what is the
presi-nt state of facts? Look at the journals
and proceedings of both Houses of Congress
during the present session. All other business
dwindles into mere items, when compared with
the mass of matter, forced on the attention of
Congress by a conceit of professed Christian
spirits, who are countenanced, encouraged, and
sustained by highly talented mi n of the politic
al party who arc oppo.ed to the present Admin*
I. /s I t no H nrli 'i I .... A .. 1
ria's, levelled against the Government t<> help
out a political party, with this letter; and I may
solely appeal to any tribunal for an award in
favor of Mr. Ridge upon the score of modera
tion, when compared with this Christian party
in politics. Mr. Ridge’s letter certainly gives
him much the strongest claim to a Christian spir
it of moderation and truth.
But the gentleman from Massachusetts .un-
dertakes to justify his complaining constituents
and memorialists upon the ground that their
complaints are confined to the validity of the
ia'e treatv. Moreover, the Senator informs us
that he lias never considered the treaty a val d
one; that it was made with a small number of
unauthorized individuals of the Cherokee peo
ple, ami that fifteen or sixteen thousand Chero-
kf, C 3 |j:iv e remonstrated against the treaty dur
ing the prose it session «*f Congress. 1*V«
this subject I wil give the Senator and *n<-‘ *
nate correct, information. * wish the who'”
truth to he known to 'q. country, Thenum -r
ical majority ofthe whole Cherokee people lias
lor mf.iiv yea is been under the influence of Mr.
Ross a;-,u his party: and, therefore, I have no
rioabt but a majority of the whole Cherokee
people, if they had been consulted, would have
joined Ross in dissenting to the treaty. But it
is equally true that a majority of ihe Chcrokees
who possessed a sufficient share of intelligence
to comprehend the subject, were decidedly in
favor of the treaty; and are now happy and
satisfied in the enjoyment of the benefits and
advantages secured to them and their people
mid r the provisions of the treaty.
My opinion of Indian trea’ies is known to the
Senate. But 1 would ask, when was tiie valid
ity of an Indian treaty, before this, tested by
being submitted to the whole mass of an Indian
people, men, women and children? A new test
has been introduced to try the validity of this
treaty; it is to be tested upon the broadest prin
ciples of Democracy. It ought to be sufficient
to satisfy the wise and the good, every where,
that this treaty was negociated <>n behalf of the
Clterokees, by the most intelligent and patriot
ic men that ever negociated an Indian treaty,
and that it secures to the whole people more
signal advantages than were ever before seem
ed to an Indian people, by any treaty heretofore
entered into by this Government. This treaty
dispenses equal justice to the lich and poor, with
out favor or partiality to a solitary individual.
One word, sir, upon the subject of the ro.
monstrance of the fifteen thousand Cheroke.-s,
against the execution of the treaty. Including
every Indian soul, now in the Cherokee coun
try East, their number cannot amount to fifteen
thousand—the whole of the min, women, and
children, including the infants at the breast,
and they do not amount to that number. Here
then, Mr. President, we have a forcible illus
tration o| the imposition practised upon honor
able Seuatois, who become the organs of die
fashionable petitioners of the present duy. Sir.
the facts which I state are susceptible of proof,
before any tribunal whatever. I, therefore,
hope we shall hear no more about the fi'teen
thousand Cherokee complainants.
But, sir, I could bear with patience and com
posure all this delusion and ignorance, and im
pertinent intermeddling, but for the apprehend
ed mischief and evil which the opponents ofthe
Government are likely to bring upon the poor
Chcrokees themselves, and for whom they pro
fess to feel such strong sympathy. The oppo
nents of tiie Government, and their pious friends,
will nutlet the Indians go. Eveiy exped cut
has been resorted to for the purpose of prevent
ing these people from entering into their go dlv
inheritance, i fear nothing will satisfy the t>-n
der meoiesof those who are intermeddling with
this subject, 'ml another Indian war. It requires
an extraordinary sunroof philosophy to exer
cise composure in der such provocations as are
directly addressed to the Southern people from
day to dav in this chamber, under the humb e
garb of petition. But, sir, I will not indulge
in further remarks on this subject at present;
for I cannot do so without feelings which l do
not wish to cherish.
Knovv-
prrci'ivc, in this war upon the Treasury
note bill, precisely the attitude which par
ties assumed during the last war with Great
Britain.. The Federal party then, as they
boasted, kicked the country into the con-
1 , e ” ce ingthat the grand object of “shutting up the ' lP? |j nn ,| when the foreign enemy were as-
Uie TreatV. 1 i Treasury," ibr which the country was sac- j mailing ns at all points, the Federal faction
wdl find food for all, and clothing for the desti- C()11 | ( | be found to vote against it
lute, at either of those places, and thence at v our
ease, and in comfort, be transported
hotnfes accoiding to he terms of the Treaty. i . -.■> i r i„ - , , , .
This is the address of a warrior to warriors.- j underthe suspension, and the funds in ,| ie bosom of the States labored mces-
May his enneaties be kindly ieci ived, and may n \ l T Government exhausted under the san tly to cut off supplies, and to bankrupt
the God of b"ih ptosper the Americans and distribution law, could riot he accomplished j jjj e Teasury, and especially to discredit,
by every sort of stock-jobbing ticket, the
notes issued by the Government.
The same effort is again made by that
party which has brought the Treasury into
straits, by distributing or rather confisca
ting its means. The credit of our Govern
ment, the Treasury notes, although the best
credit and the best notes in the world, are
abhorred hy the Federal party and their
foreign allies. The Government must ab
jure every thing del ived from itself, and
cling to that only which comes from its
enemies.—Globe 19th ins/.
Chi-rnkei-s, and preserve ttiem long in peace and
friendship with each other!
WINFIELD SCOTT.
CltEROKEE AOENCY,
May 10, 1838.
the Federal phalanx did not cate to make
more manifest, by speaking against time,
the hostility displayed in the House against
the measure—which they knew was a
war upon the Government, and the inter
ests of the people of all sections, through
the sides of the Administration. I’ereei-
THE CHERoKEES.
In our county die Indians are as yet peace
able, and from wi.ai we can learn, are still in ving that their designs must be penetrated
hop> s mat John Russ will effect something in and appreciated by all having any inler-
their favor at Washington, although given dis- ei st in the public service—by all who had
t ncily to understand by the Commissioners at patriotism to prefer seeingthe Government
Calnoun. that the stipulations of the treaty "ill , perform its functions regulatly, easily, and
he strictly enforced, immediately alter ihe 24th | usefu] i y> t() Uje country> than w j tness t | ie
stoppage ofthe public business—the dis
honor ofthe public credit— the disorder of
ms r ., without anv e-gnrd to the views ,or feel- , ... , - . . ,.
ings Of Mr. Ro/s on the subject. We have ft«»PP a ?r lhe ; P" 1 ^ business—the dis-
ju>t conversed with u gentleman who ha -
cent!v visited Gilmci and Union counties, and the public economy in eveiy branch of
leiirii from miii !-at dm Indians in that s. ction j the service, and this merely to gratify the
.if the count, y had been seen by different per- j envenomed feelings of the old factions, hy
suns al different times, tiansporting corn in sacks j which it has ueeri assailed throughout the
and otherwise, io the, mountains, " lu re it was whole progress of its popular‘career—per-
supposed they imended to retreat, whenever the | tfi e j-j^jury in(iign;V t ; on j n some
d to be enforced. It is , f^ , . '- . . , ,
N C |j,w, 1 no'iot bosoms on their own side, the mal
contents in the Senate, after a feeble strug-
intended to retreat, whenever the
treaty was attempte
thought that the Chen keys on the
will pursue the sanv cmirse. In the neighbor*-
liood of Cedarlown, Paulding county, the inha
bitants have become somewhat aiarmtd from
some s'iglu indications of hostility on the part
of the Indians. Nothing of a very serious na
ture has transpired, as far as we have been able
to ascertain.— Western Georgian, 15th instant
From the Augusta Sentinel, ti lth inst.
Avucsta Arsenal, Geo.
May 21, 1839.
Dear Sir—Tiie deep interest that must be
felt bv evert Georgian, in the result of the mea
sures adopted by government, to enforce the
Treaty of 1935, with the Cherokee Indians is,
I think, a sufficient apology for the liberty I take
in enclosing to yot the address of Major Gen.
Sco't, to that p onle.
I am, Sir, with great respec-', venr obedient
servant, II. BE PI S, Lt. 1st Ar’ty.
MAJOR GENERAL SCOTT, ofthe United
Staid* Army, tends to the Cherokee people,
teni'iinina x orlh Carolina, Georgia, Ten
nessee, ti/td Alan.. " ia
istration of the Federal Government. And
these pious people take the liberty, upon all oc
casions. of dealing out denunciation and con
demnation upon the Government of their coun
try. And yet, when conclusive testimony is
this
ABDRE&o.
Clterokees! The Pres.dent ot ,' lf5 United
States has sent me, wiih a powerful ard'V to
cause you, in obolienee to the Treaty' ol 1835,
to join that part of your people who tire already
established in prosperity, on the other side of the
Mississippi. Unhappily, the iwo years which
were allowed C<r the purpose, you have* suffered
to pass a wav without following, and without
making any preparation to |n| ow, and now, or
bv the time that thi.ssolenfh address shall reach
vour dis ant settlements, the emigration must be
commenced' i' 1 haste, but, I hope, without disor
der. ! have no power, by granting a further
delay, to correct the error thttt you have com
mitted. The full moon of May is al ready on the
wane, and before another shall have passed
avvuv, every Cherokee man, woman and cini 1, in
those Stales,'must be in motion to join their breth
ren in the far West.
My Friends! This is no sudden determina
tion on the part ofthe President, whom you and
I must now obey. By the treaty, the ernigra
lion was to have been completed on or betore
the 23d of this month, and the President has con
stantly kept you warned, during the two years
allowed, through all his officers and agents in
the country, that the Treaty would be enfor
ced.
1 am come to carry out that determination.—
My troops already occupy many positions in the
country that you are to abandon, and thousands,
and thousands are approaching, from every
quarter, to render resistance and escape alike
hopeless. AII those troops, regular and militia,
are vour friends. Receive them and confide
in them as such. Obey them when they tell
you that you can remain no longer in tnis coun
try. Soldiers are as kind hearted as brave, and
the desire of every one of us is to execute our
painful duty in mercy. We are commanded by
the President to act towards you i. that spirit,
and such is also the wish ofthe whole people of
Am'-rica.
Chiefs, head-men. and warriors! Will you,
then, by resislence, compel us to resort to aims?
God forbid! Or will you, by flight, seek to bide
yourselves in mountains and forests, and tints o-
blige us to hunt you down? Remember that, in
pursuit, it i av be impossible to avoid conflicts.—
The blood of the white man. or the blood of the
red man may be spilt, and if spilt, however acci
dentally, it may be impossible for the discreet
and humane among you, or among us to prevent
a genoral war and carnage. Think of this, mv
Cherokee bretheren! 1 am an old warrior, end
have been present at many n scene of slaughter;
but spare me, 1 beseech you, the horror of wit
nessing the destruction of the Clterokees.
FROM FLORIDA.
Tim following extracts of letters, with which
we have been favored, furnish the latest intelli
gence from the posts in East Florida, west of
the St. Johns.
Extract of a letter, dated
"For. lirooke, May Oth, 1833.
“Gen. Armistoad and staff, and Major Wil.
son. with their companies 4th Infantry, will leave
to-day for the Cherokee Nation, via New Or
leans, the Mississippi and Tennessee Rivers, to
Calhoun, which !ii«y expect to reach in 15 days.
There is nothin:' new here.
“Gen. Taylt’r is at Peas Creek with Alliga
torand some th ee bunded Indians und negroes.
Alligator thinks he can bring in Wild Cat, and
9am Jones. I do not believe he can. G n
Jesup, I presume, will leave in a few days for
the eastern par of the peninsula.”
Extract of another le ter, dated
"Micunnpf, (Florida) May 14, 1833.
“I have no news to communicate. We hope
to be able soon to move against the enemy.—
They are bvcomilg very bold and impudent—
ctoss our roads in every direction, and come
within half a m.le ofthe fort. Our express
men fiom Fort King are fired on every 'ime
they pass. They oust be punished, and Maj
Riley contemplates »n expedition round Orange
Lake, so soon as Ciptain Smith arrives with
his 35 m"ti, and com- s from Tampa
with a company ■ f mounted infantry. Tt e
last tire expected evry moment, and an order
for Smith has b -en issued. It is certainly the
most important ent irprise that can be undorta
ken in Florida, and if success attends it, the ter
mination of the war may be the result. The
enemy cun muster a large Puree. They have
a town on the Ok-la-wa-ha:—have collected
there, their women md children; are planting,
and feel confident of security. If broken and
dispersed, their wivts captured and fields laid
waste, I am certain many will come in imm dl
atclv and tile rest will soon loilow. It is it least
worth the trial, and t ie season is now lair.—
A month hence will b- too late.”
[ uvanmilt Geor ran, 23d inst.
glo, made an early surrender—thirteen
only could be (bund to vote against the
measure.
Talk about warring against the banks—tiie
Government does not, nor has it Warred against
the banks, nor has its friends and supporters op-
po-ed banking upon sound and just principles.
They go against the monstrous abuses winch
have grown out of an unequal and unjust sys
tem of banking, and the downright knavery
upon whicli some, ay, most of the banks have
been conducted. They ould have a sound,
healthy state of things. They would have the
States regulate their own banking institutio..«
PH"L*Dr™m'TAG^D , &r-
liv A BRUTAL
SYLVANIA HALL BURNT! NN *
We scarcely Care give vent to our feeling,, j,
announcing the
Hall bv a mob!
11 nd w«
"as offered i«
, al ‘d ,l0t he tmrJCr tiie influence of, and control-
The journeymen oi the Bank I led by, a Great Money King, with power to
We have the best authority for contradicting
the report that the Western bank tit Romo,
Floyd County, in this S ate, has ladad uud clo
s"d its door. The individual, who indorsed the
statement on the stage way bill at Columbus, if
known, should be exposed, as it is probable that
by tiiis report some of the bid holders may have
suffered by a large discount on the notes; and it
is alone probable that the individual may have
been a purchaser himself.
It is with pleasure that we have to contradict
another report wiiieii is going the rounds in the
newspapers. Dr Brcws er, ins ead of having
been murdered b\ some Cheroke Indians, was
a week ago in life on his plantation neai Rome,
Floyd County, notwithstanding the four bullets
which as it was stat 'd, had p n-'trated his
body.—Augugta Constilulioniiliil 22d ins!.
EXOR.M >US ABUSE IN BANKING.
The public papers m the South and South
west are occupied in detecting and i-xposing a
new abuse in hanking winch no one couid have
b' lieved possible before it was proved, lt is
this: Instead of keeping their effective funds m
their own vaults to redeem their notes as pre
sented, insomething available to the holder, these
effective funds are p aced in Pm adolphia or
y'w ^oik banks, and then the holders of their
notes wii' It paid in a check upon these fund*
at a premium to the banks, varying fiom 10 to
30 per cent in different Stub's! Thus, instead
of bringing home the pioceeds of their COT
TON, and instead of bringing home the loans
in SPECIE which they make, the proceeds of
this cotton and oiTIu se loans are all placed in
Atlantic citn-s. and checked upon to the tune of
ten, twenty, and even thirty percent, shaved out
ofthe hands ofthe possessors of their own notes.
The bank, by this means, become a BROKER
and SHAVER in its own notes, nnd in the
notes of other suspended banks, and gains profit
precisely in proportion to the degree of DE
PRECIATION to which it is able to sink its
own notes, and that other banks in whose paper
it deals. This, is an enormous abuse, lt is
more: it is nn offence against morality, and may
be an offence at law. The Southern papers
characterize it as "swindling,"nail as "robbing;"
and certainly the laws ofthe country, as well as
public opinion, ought to be brouglit to bear on
such conduct.— Washington Globe 11th inst.
The Charleston Courier of yesterday savs:
“We.are gr.utifi d to perceive among the names
on the Union i icket (br Congress in Georgia,
that ol Co'. David C. Campbell, who for a long
period resided at Walterborough, in our own
State. This gentleman has for many years uni
ted the esteem and respect of the section of our
State in which he resided, and during a period of
the greatest excitem> lit, not only retained the
regard of Lis opponents, but bv the unflinching
avowal of opinions, which were entertained in his
neighborhood by a mere Iraetional minority, has
established his claim to firmness and indepen
dence. In removing from our State lie lias car
ried with him Ihe best wishes of bis District, and
we are glad to see that our fellow-citizens of the
nc*ig (boring State, have so readily appreciated
his merit.”
Conservatives.—Bulwer, in his “letter to a
late Cabinet Minister,” puts an unfailing ear
marked Upon party conservatism: “I do not,”
says ho, “write these lines for the purpose of
converting the Conservatives—far from me so
futile an attempt. VVliut im n of sense can now
of tlie United Ftutes evince, in tins niorn-
ing’s Intelligencer, u. sense ofthe mistake
commit led by the Bank party in Congress
by revealing their motives too distinctly.
“Theofficial editor knows,” [savs tiie
apologizing org,an,] “very well that this
bill was not opposed because of unwillingness
to vote supplies fur the Treasury, but because
of the objectionable form in which those sup
plies were demanded by the Administration."
“ I he official editor knows” it was
avowed by those opposed tothe bill, that
it was the object to render the Treasury’,
what the Intelligencer falselv proclaimed
il to be—“insolvent,” “bankrupt”—and that
they would never vote supplies until the
Government was thus discredited. He
knows that it was the purpose ofthe-party
who have been laboring for years back
to strip the Government ol its means, and
would now . eprive it of its credit, to
throw it on the groat bank for supplies,
and render it rite pr- v of that institution.
He knows tli.it while it is pretended by
the Intelligencer “the Whigs preferred the
more simple, intelligible, convenient, and i/n-
CJrpevsire mode of raising money by loan,"
which many of them voted against at the
extra session, thev in fact now united on
that scheme because it would put it in the
power of the great foreign 1),inkers and
the ir agents hurt* to monopolize the loan—
to become again, in paying off the drafts
of the Government drawn upon that loan,
the bankers of the Government—to draw
an interest from Government on the sums
retained while the process of disburse
ment was going on—to gain at least an
equal profit from the Government credit,
transferred hy the Treasu v using the
Bmk’s credit instead of its own, and to
become the recipient, in the shape ofde-
posites, of the id nlieal millions disbursed
lor the Government, and for which an in
terest was paid tts a loan. To coerce the
Treasury to make a loan in a lump, dri
ving till small banks arid capitalists out of
competition li>r it, was in effect to bring
Mr. Biddle and his foreign bank stockhol
ders in connection with the Government,
in the relation of lender and hot rower, and
compel the Government to avail itself of
that Bank’s foreign resources, rather than
its own, or that of our own people. The
Treasury note bill makes every man who
chooses to take and hold them, a lender to
the Government. They may lie used as
money, to answer the exigencies of the
holders, or they may be retained, and
bring with them, when presented for re
demption, an interest to the indivividual
or institution choosing to become the cred
itor of the Government for the smallest
sums. But this advantage to small capi
talists among the people and their institu
tions, precluded the monopoly which a
great loan promised the mammoth money
dealers, who, in lending their credit to the
Government, obtain from its securities
more credit than thev give.
But the National Intelligencer presents
every other titan the true motive for the
late zeal of the Opposition against tire
Treasury note bill. Among other things
it savs:
“Ilad the bill at first embraced the. restric
tions which Mr. Carnbreleng, at the last hour,
consented to insert in ir, though still highly
objectionable as a mode of raising the wind,
ice doubt whether there would have been a sin
gle day's opposition, made to it."
Now the six-and-thirty speeches made
by the Opposition in the House against
the bill, were not upon the provisions of
the bill, but upon any and every thing else.
They were all party designed, and some
exclusively, for l he purpose of killing time.
There were, in fact, no provisions of the
bill to which any objection, in earnest,
was made. There real ground of hostility
to it was on the principle which gave the
Government the use of its own credit, in
stead of compelling it to use the credit of
a corporation or capitalists not near so good
as its own. But a subterfuge must be fur
nished, and the Intelligencer says the
bill.
“ Went to authorize the Secretary to issue
and reissue ten millions at a time, and to the
end of time, or until Congress should pass an
express hue to stop him."
This is utterly untrue. The present
Hill was founded nn the provisions of the
act nfOetober, which requires that the
notes should be cancelled when paid in.
But to give 'olortothe pretext, the Intelli
gencer adds :
"•The opponents if the Administration suc
ceeded in imposing limitations njion the bill,
and in making it express on the face ot it what
was its intention."
There was but one amendment made
to this bill, and that was upon Mr. Cam-
breleng’s motion. It did not alter anyone
principle of the bill, but was solely intended
declare war when it should think proper, and
make peace upon its own terms. The great
“hue-and-cry” which has been made about the
Government’s warring against the banks, has
had. to considerable extent, the effect which the
Federal leaders supposed it would have; it has
frightened some who arc governed in their po.
litical opinions by their interests, who were in
some way or other under the influence of the
banks, t<> change Cieir votes, upon some local
O' seetfonal elections. Bu ! when the real mea
sure of the Government %hall have become bet
ter understood, there will be, if we mistake not, a
powerful reaction in its favor. The time is not
far distant when the mass of the people will un
derstand the warfare which is now going on,
viz: A warfare of the friends of the old bank
and the, advocates of a new bank against the State
banks, to prostrate them in order to show the nr
cessity ot a NATIONAL BANK. A GREAT
REGULATOR, to regulate trade, commerce,
manufactures; in short to be u great central
power, o control and regulate el cions, anil
GOVERN THE P OPLE.— I-O'-ton Adv C/lle
To the Republicans ok Virginia—and at
Washington!—The conduct of the Bank ofth
United Suites ought io arouse you. You se<
this t emendous insiitution ..busing itsc irter,
x ending its powers, tampering with the o he
bunks, and ohstmeting tt.e.r return to speei.
payments. It is pressing for a reckarter—and
dark as was the dav when Pennsylvania g..vi
her a charter, \et still darker will b" the da\
when the United States shall consent to rechar
ter. It is that-triumph winch she is seeking to
gain over the Ri publican party; ever the Con
stitution; over Liberty ttse f. Itis that victory
which Mess s. Clay and Webster, and die
Wnigs, are laboring fowling from t lie fears and
distresses of an embanissed community.
Richmond Enquirer.
GENERAL B \NKING LAW.
We have not vet seen a copy of the General
Banking Law just adopted in New York, but
we have gleaned a few items in relation
i s provisions !rmii our xc ring s It provides
tha> aiiv number of pers ns umv limn assort a
’i ns for bank: gpurposi s, hot the capital -lock
is in no instance o be le-s ihan one hundred
thousand do Ja is- Hah the capital of each bun
es ablisln d under ihe act is to be secured by Ot
positing certificates of State or L'nitcil Stan
S ocks. wiiL the Comptroller of the State and
iheother half b a similar dt posit of mortgages
mi reai estate.—Each hank is also bound
keep on hand twelve and a Jialf per cent oi its
issii's in specie The paper for circula. ion is
prepared under the supet visor of fhe Comptrol
ler ofthe State,.signed by him and no more is
distributed to t.i^fianks than tiiev have depos
ited-securities to o deem. When anv bank fails,
tne securities in the hands of the Comptroller
are sold, and the notes which it lias in circula
ton arc called in and redeemed, and its affairs
settled and wound up.
Such is, as "e have been able to gather it, a
brief outline of the provision of this act, from
which the people of New York expect to derive
great benefits, and under which they are pre
paring to comence active operations. Already,
we understand, a movement is on foot in ihe edv
t<> organize a bank with a capital of thiry mill
ions of dollars and there cat) be no doubt that
a large number of banking institutions will
spring up under it ovet the whole State —What
effect they will have on its prosperity time alone
can determine, but the system will have at least
one merit—the n te holders will be perfectly se
cure.—Nashville Union.
FEDERAL PRACTICE vs. FEDERAL
PROFESSION.
We hear great complaints about the removals
in the Custom House for opinion’s sake, but we
hear nothing about the federal proscription last
spring, when every democrat was removed who
held office under our common council. We
hear no complaints against the proscription ex
ercised in New Jersey, last winter, when not
less than three hundred democrats were remov
ed by the f deral legislature, just then crept into
power. We hear nothing about the proscrip
tion of democrats in the state of Maine, where,
if we may judge from the number of removals,
federalism is running a mad career. In Kene-
bee county, twenty seven removals of demo
crats were made for opinion’s sake.
Twenty six removals weie made in York
co.
Six in Oxford county, and numbers of others
in evei v county in the staie.
Speaking of Governor Kent’s conduct in this
matter, the Augusta Ago remarks as follows:
“He has created in little over three months,
upwards of one thousand holders—of eveiv
grade, from Attorney General down to justice of
the pence—distributed at public expense up
wards of one thousand rewards to those who as-
sisted in his election. To make room fortius
army of a thousand office holders, whom he has
hi lotted "D the public, he has removed compe
tent and faithful men Irom office, for no other
reason than for their mdependi nt avowal of their
own political opinions. That was not enough.
He has violated tiie common courtesies of life,
desecrated to party the great objects of public
charity, and trenched unnecessarily upon the
public funds, in order to carve out places
ibr the crowd of hungry expectants who have
surrounded him! We ask the official to recon..
cile, if it can, this unparalleled couise of proper p-
tion for opinion’s sake, with the repeated and
vaunting professions with which this dv nas
ty came into power.”
On Monday evening, our eommom council, in
joint ballot, just asthey were going out of office,
irn,n ? 'ho Pennsylvaai,
The building was forced open l ist •
I-, 8 o’clock, and fi rc aT ta f
places. It was uncoupled nt the tirne.i,
believe no resistance whatever
the incendiaries.
On the arrival of the engines they were pro.
hibited from attempting to save the building b-
were permitted to play upon the adjoin,, p™..
ty. An immense concourse of peopleVe
sem bled by the conflagration, and when th™**!*
fell in a shout of exultation was sent forth 6 Y
Liberty herself had been set frve andVh”
throne of a tyrant had been post rated' '
A by-siander in the crowd, who''seemed
have just arrived in our citv, asked us what w*
the character of the building on which tile ven*
gen nee of a demoniacal mob had thus been
wreaked? and we were obliged to answer,*",
was a Hall dedicated to free discussion on sub
jects not of an immortal tendency.”
It may be proper to add, that the loss ofth.
building tails upon the city, according to a law
enacted a year or two ago.
We can scarcely suppose it necessary to a a y
"'! arc neit *er abolitionists, or advocates of ab
olition, or that we disapprove altogether of their
c-outse; but while we make this disclaimer, w«
must sav that we are no mobites, or i dvocnif.
of mobocracy.
From the Public Ledger.
We learn that the assailant*objected to «
promiscuous association of blacks and whitw ia
this Hall. This is nn affair of taste. Ererv
citizen has the right to choose his own company;
and if he prefer black to white, however oth.rs
may condemn his preference no one has a rigbi
to assail that preference with violence to his per;
son. So far as raste. is concerned, we are de
cided! v opposed to any mingling of the two ra
ces, nnd shall never choose our own associate,
among the worthless or disagreuble of any color
and furthermore, we should prefer as compan
ions. moral, peaceful and orderly blacks, topro.
(ligate and disorderly whites. But while
leave to < thers to follow their own tastes, and
claim the right i f refusing any association with
those who tolerate degrading companionships^
we insist that every person has a right to legal
protection in such affairs, nnd that all violent ia-
terference should be severely punished.
From the Philadelphia Sentinel. ‘28th inst
TIIE GENERAL ASSEMBLY.
The General Assembly of the Presbyterian
Church of the United States met yesierdav in
this city, as announced, in the 7th Prcsbyteriaa
church of the ci’ v. After a sermon, Dr. Patton
from Geneva, New York offered some resolu.
ti nt', but being from one of the excised synods
he nas to d by tiie rn..delator that he was not in
irder. Some fin t er business being transacted,
Mr. (’leavdand, of Michigan, rose anil read
something w icli we could not distinctly hear,
but understood it related tothe proceedings of
the assemol v at its last session which were da-
dared illegal. Tno moderator in the rneaa-
drr.e endeavored to stop Mr. Cleavelnnd, but ia
vain; he went on till fie had finished the docu
ment, and then moved that the Rev. Dr. Beman,
of Troy, New York, be the moderator of th.
General Assembly. This motion having b»e«
decided in the affirmative, by apparen'ly a very
large majority, Dr. Beman, took a s atorstation
in the broad aisle, was sworn in by a magistrate
or alderman; the clerk was then elected by
nomination and vote, alter which a motion
was made thut the General Assembly of th#
Pr.sbytcrian Church ol the United States do
now adjourn to meet forthwith at the Fiist Pits
bvterian Church (Mr. Barms’) in this etty,.
w ich b ing d> rid d in tin* affirmative, the Gen-
cial AsM-mb'v. O' as the Old School party will
-av. the New Seim 1 forthwith left the church
and went to Mr. Barnes’. The Old Sclionl
peopl,, who seemed to form a small minority,
remained where thev were and proceeded to
transact their business as if nothing hud happen
ed.
The two parties arc now fairly separated—
both claiming to be the General Assembly, and
it is not likely they will overact together again.
Which is the General Assembly, must he deter
mined by the judicial tribunals o 1 ’ the country;.
FEDERAL CHARACTERISTICS.
It is a temarkabfe fact in ttie his oi v of this*
country, that the federalists have always sided,
with its enemies, in all cases of difficulty with
other states or nations. During the late war,
they sympathised with the British, and denoun,
ced their own government; and they will follow-,
and traduce to the grave, ‘he gallant comman
der whose genius and bravery crowned that eon-
test "ith a victory, which will give immortal
honor to our arms. When our difficulties with
France occurred, they united with that power in
ascribing them to the conduct ol our own gor-
ern cent. At a late date, when Mexico has
committed against us, injuries enough to justify
immediate declaration of war against her,'
the federalist excused her, by endeavoting to put
our own government in tfie wrong. So in all
our troubles with the Indian tribes—the federal
ists uniformly take sides with them, and giving
a coloring to the pretend 'd wrongs they hava
received at the hands ofthe government, which
is sufficient to make them believe that they have
just cause to take up the tomahawk and scalping
knife. Look at the federal organ in this city,
f yesterday. If the tribes of Indians in thi*
state feel half the vindictiveness against the A-
merican people, that the article alluded to
breathes against the government, the consequen-
ces might be expected. But we have reason to
suppose that the Indians do not feel themselves
so wronged by the government,as their Adverti
ser would like to make them believe—Octro i
Free press.
'to obviate all misconstruction. The* hill as it ex f ,l,eir b, ie| ' m.thority in removing the
, r ,. passed was precisely what it was intended on '/ h '“'erto spared from their vmd.-
dream ol the expediency of attempting to con- ! 1 . , 1 ; ... . . i eating policy.
vert ou foes. There is bin one apostle capable *' " 11 M P' ir,i 1 ’ ,m< 1 " a! ’ PO ' 1 ( j Ycsieidny forenoon wo received the Provi-
ofsucli a miracle, and its name isO^OFFICE!” [ ,v x * r * G-when he moved the amendment. denceCourier, which contain? the namesof a-
Hovv iruly does this di sciibe the Conservatives The only amendment that the “opponents bout one hundred persons appointed by the Io.
of this country, who arc laying to windward, of the Administration succecduP' in, was to gisiature of Rhode Island, in place of the demo-
Do not, I invite you, oven wait for the close [ and trimming their s-.ils for the haven of "pow- , the title, to which Mr. C. assented. j crats These removals were made too, just pri-
approach ofthe troops; but make such prepara- I er - Detroit Free Press. | Upon the whole, the country cannot but i or 10 lbe adjournment,
The Delight of Fox-hunting.—On the
day of the sens n, and during a sharp run ot
throe hours, Mr. , one of the boldest of
hunters, on clearing a small fence found himself
at the bottom of a sandpit nearly twenty jeet
deep, and whilst crawling into a small excava
tion to prevent further danger, down came Lord
— nearly upon him, and who exclaimed
D—n it, Jack, why didn’t you sing out? -
Hush,” replied Jack; “if you will but be quiet
for five minutes, they will all be upon us!'.!
P D one of In- mo-t erfoneat lawyer?-
in the western country, mrw deceased, was sadly
given to intoxication? On one occasion, he
entered a Methodist church, whilst a minister
was bolding forth oi the future punishment of
the wicked. Fixing his eye upon Mi. D , who.
was reeling near the door, ('.eexclaimed, “There-
stands a sinner against whom I "ill hear
witness in die d->y of judgement.” At this the
lawyer folded his arms, planted himself as firm
ly us he could, and addressing the mania the
pulpit, he electrified the whole congregation al '
’er this fashion: “Sir,” said Mr. D , I have been
practising in the criminal courts for 20 years:
and I have always found that the d dest ras
cal is the first to give State’s evidence.
Locked.law.—A remedy has been discovered
for this d cad fill 1 affection. It is nothing hut
the application of warm strong ley made fro m
wood ashes. The part injured shou ; d be bath
ed in the ley frequently, nnd if it be in a part
of tiie body that cannot be conveniently enter’
sed, apply flannels wetted with the ley. I* a ;
fords speedy relief and gradual cure. Tin* ,s
a very simple rem ‘dv, but it is worth remember
ing and trying. The simplest are often 110
most efficient agents. Many cures are said i°
have been wrought by this.