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Ft m the New Yoik Morning Post.
JOHN C. CALHOUN.
IN HIS PERSONAL, MORAL, AND INTELLECTUAL TRAITS OF
CHARACTER.
The characters of public moo, belong to the People, not
only for theirservices. bul alto (or their love and atlmiration;
nor can they ever justly comprehend the uses to which their
public servants should be applied, or the positions worthy
of them, but from a personal anil intimate view of their
whole moral as well as intellectual characteristics. Splen
did speeches, or exhibitions of profound thought, may give
the appearanre of wisdom; but after aU it is the wisdom of
the heart, and not that of the head only, which finds out
Truth. True statesmanship, in a Republic, consists in car
rying out into public affairs, the highest principles of right
and Justice; and to practice, or even discern these principles,
in the difficult affairs of government, implies not only the
greatest intellectual endowments, but the most exalted moral
an rihutea. Hence the importance to the people, in selecting
their agents for the administration of their affairs, it possi
ble, to know them personally—to see the man in "us social
0- d -ofuestic relations as well as in the discharge o! his
public duties,—and t hus be enabled to judge of the patriotism
oftlre Statesman by his fidelity to duties nearer to bira.as
a parent, r.righbor, friend. Our country.consisting ol mul
titudes, iacomparalively speaking, oil abstraction; but the
objects around our hearths, and the beating bosoms in daily
intercourse with ns, will call out whatever virtues ue pos
sess; and it is difficult to believe that any exist for the for
mer which are not disclosed in the latter relations, tor
these reasons we have thought it would be grateful to our
renders and expedient for ourselves—having long since an-
nnunced our preference of John C. Calhoun us the next
President of the United Slates,—from the most authentic
source, to endeavor briefly to delineate the personal, moral,
■ml intellectual characteristics of this distinguished states
man. . t .
Because matter is not spirit, “thchumnn faeeorvino can
never fully represent the soul within; arid instead of an open
window it is but too often a thirk veil to the bright intelli
gence and noble nature which fills our being, few liiees,
however mure faithfully reveal the eharaeteristirs of the
mail than that of I he great Souihern Senator. It is of the
■nine east, and strikingly resembles General Jacksons —
The thin, hard, pale fealures—jutting forehead—compress
ed resolute lips—deep, large, eagle eyes, with bis hnirsian-
ding right up—(if curled it would deform him.) all contri
bute to place before us a high stern and beaming counte
nance. Yet its light is not the light of passion, but like the
heutless rays of the diamond, seems to blaze with the in
tense energy of pure, vehement intelligence, llis body
Would seem to indicate original weakness,—tall and spare,
well high narrow shouklerB, now slightly stooping; but by
hnbits of temperance and industry, he lias made it an ad
mirable slave to his wili, and caple of immense labor,
physical and intellectual. Miss Martinemi railed him “the
past iron man," we suppose from his stern and inflexible
countenance, hut steel wire is a far better simile for the
touch endurance and elasticity of his frame.
We have tints briefly described the personal appearance
of Mr Calhoun because, although for more than a quarter
of a century one of the greatest men oflho L’nion or the age.
influencing public affairs at every turn, and repeatedly
crowned vv ilh the highest honor the Republic can bestow,
save one,— tie is probably less known personally to the peo
ple of the United Slates, than any of our distinguished
statesmen He has never breathed any atmosphere but that
of the United States. He has never visited the North, we
bplieve, since he was a law student at Litchfield in Con
necticut. He has never been in the West. The truth is,
neither his love ofhomenor his limkedfortune have allowed
him to pursue any other paths Ilian those of direct duty,
and domestic happiness. From Washington, immediately
at i lie close afevery Congress, be hurries to Iris home, un
der the mountains of South Carolina, and there devotes him
self to hislarm arid his family.
Mr. Calhoun has often been culled a theorist, an abstrac
tionist, probably only by those w bo are incapable of rornjire-
hi ndingany (ruths, but those on tfre surface of things; hut
a inure practicable men, one w ho mure clearly comprehends
the adaptation of mentis to ends, will iiardiy be found. In
early hie, his property lay in the tniddleami more fertile re
gion of South Carolina, where it was impossible for him to
raise Ins family, on account of ils-sickliness; and the habits
of the community rendered large expenditures in living, to
(■in of his personal distinction, almost unavoidable. Intent
on managing his own affairs, of rearing Ids children under
hi> own eye in habits of frugality nnd virtue, he sold his
lands in Abbeville District, and removed up to the healthy
farming lands of Pendleton. Here he built his home; and, if
any one wishes to know the secret of his wonderful ndmin-
istration in llitr War Li.p«timset wtiibt SseerelAsy VVnr,
let him go with Mr. Calhoun round Jus farm. None, how
ever, but an en husinst in cattle, bees, poultry, ei m, 4e,
w uh a pair of vvelJ-frained Jegs under him sho i/d aiicinpi
the enterprise With hit long stick in hand and strides ns
Jong, he moves ahead, talking all the time, now on a beau
tiful theory of agriculture, then on a practical result—down
in the com field, up on the eolion-lnll, round the potato.
pilch, through tlie rye-lot—here is a bubbling spring, tliere
is n prospect—turn tbebull into the pasture, liallou to tiro
poultry-women, see tire grafts on the apple-trees, eateli those
bees. If a hapices neophyte in ihese agricultural operations
is left any sense, after five or six hours oflmrd driving, be
w ill decline further courtesy, and lake theshortest rut home.
Or mount horses with him, he always insisting on inking
the hardest going, and see his marvellous endurance of
po mmelling under a heavy jog-trot, without apparently feel
ing its dislocations—whilst prying round and round, he gives
directions, f astens operations, and scoursover the w hole
farm, talking and aiding as if lie had never thought of or
practised anything else but the business of a farmer. It
has been by such attention and industry, that he lias estab
lished the reputation of being the most practical and suc
cessful farmer m the upper country, nnd at the same time
has supported well,and educated his family Likel’ericles.
he has never increased nor diminished his fortune. The
gold mine of which so much hns been said in the papers, he
became possessed of, by an act of parental kindness Jlis
son bought the lands, and despairing of making them profi
table, the father took themoffhis hands. He affords a rare
specimen in cur country, of one content throughout life
with a competency in a cheap country, and has therefore
avoided those temptations and speculations which have
w r ecked the fortunes and happiness of so many millions ol
our countrymen. The truth is, he has too clear and practi
cal a head, not to know the true value of all property.
But let us enter the door, at “Fort Hill," and see the man
in liis domestic habits. His style of living is as plain as pos
sible. Although no ascetic, he has not failed to perceive
that for the most efficient working and improvement of the
muid the body must he subjected; and that excessive indul
gence in the grosser appetites, mutt soon lead to decay and
not only repress the virtues, but impede the highest growth
of the intellectual powers. He is therefore habitually a
vv ater drinker, although no member of a temperance society,
and eats anything, apparently but little regardful of the
quality of his food provided il is w holesome. A traveller
onee visited liim at his farm, for a few davs. Soon after
liis arrival, he was invited in to dinner which consisted of
fineon and its usual accompaniments of vegetables, while
corn-bread, and beautiful butter. “You see,” heebserved,
*’l am noepieure; indeed, 1 am a barbarian, according to the
theory of civilization by some French philosophers, which
consists in what we cut. But to-morrow for your snke, vve
will do better.” Accordingly the next day brought a sump
tuous least. But it is not only in disciplining himself to the
strictest habits of sobriety, that his virtues consist. Self
denial is a powerful, probably an indispensable auxiliary to
virtue; bul it is not necessarily virtue. Activity in good, os
well as abstinence from evil, is essential, in all our concep
tions of the highest excellence in character. Such, at leat,
is the opinion of this distinghu shed man, speaking through
Ins life. We have been informed, by one who has lived
many years together in his family, and therefore in daily
•ml hourly communication with him, that lie never saw in
him the slightest emotion of anger, or heard from him a
liHrsh expression to a single creature beneath his roof. Al
ways self possessed, patient and kind, Ins gentle and aflec-
lionate nature mingles itself with the existence of all around
him. He is in the instruction, pleasures, and amusements
ol all; by his presence rhastening and exhilarating their
happii ess. That equanimity and btioyaney of temper,
w hich is so remarkable in his public, equally shines out in
his private life. Y’ethis is not the equanimity of the stoic
—a w ell-trained indiffererc.-; nor that of the epicurean—the
result of a refined and calculating selfishness; but it is the
calm of an abiding consciousness of duly jierfornted, of
confidence in l ruth, ami trust in God.
Standing one day on the esplanade of the Capitol at
W ashington, andI conversing with a friend on the subject
of a special providence, he east his eyes down on the pave
ment,“See thatslqne,” said he; “mark the curious varieties
of that spot upon it. There it (hestsmp of I he Deity, for
some certain purpose, as plainly as in our features. 1 ' “Duly
is ours, svents belong to God,” lie said on an eventful and
most trying occasion in bis life. No one who might have
seen him, only in the Senate in the fierce strife of men,
strrn, apparently,among the sternest,could easily suppose
■lint he would sit up nil night with a child in his arms, or
carry it nil day before him on his saddle into the fields, or
was so fomilitr wiih his children as to east himsclfduwn,
when returning weary from ihe Senate and place his head
in his daughter's lap, bidding her tell him of the diversions
nml disappointments of the day, nnd narrating his own.—
To be grent m liule ihings is proverbially to beeontempti-
Me, may be Ihe reflection of a stern, cold blooded philoso
phy; hut is not ihe greatest greatness that which ministers
most to the happiness of olhrrs? The man of great events
only o bke the sWord which may rust away in its scah-
bnrd; but the every day contributor to the happiness of
those around him, is like Ihe homely s ekle, whose edge
grows sharper by use, and feeds ihe world. -
In liis intercourse with men, Mr. Calhoun's mnnnrra are
those of his clime and section—warm, simple, frank arid
impressive. Of that polilenrss which ronsisls in leaving
false impressions that men may lie pleased wi:h us because
lie can make them pleased with themselves, he has none.—
Jlis direct truthfulness leaves no room for hypocrisy.
Ifence although all admire, hut few, on n transient inter
course, love him. He speaks too much to the head. He
ae< ms in his conversations to be surrounded w ith an aimos-
phi re of lucid thought, like a dear sky in a frosty night, and
oltrn in proportion is the head is pressed with I ruth the
heart is chilled. Indeed, he can hardly be said to converse,
because conversation implies an interchange of ideas. He
discourses rather, pouring out his riches of original thought
in such close language, that the attention of his hearers is
often wearied and lbe comprehension at fault. Whilst ra
pidly stringing luaconsequences, link after link, to a member
onced messed with a Senator in Washington, and so inces
sant was the operation of liis mind and so laborious the at-
temt.sn necessary t° keep.up with and comprehend his
thoughts that the Senator changed his lodgings. On lieiug
asked why he had removed, he replied, “To escape thought
and Mr. Calhoun.** Of course, he has no w it in r on versa-
lion. Wit, if not fanmiuM, is toooften truth in trnvi stie or
exaggeration and the essence of things press too heavily on
such a mind, to admit of trifling on its grave renliiies. IJe
cun also possess no poetry in his composition; at least, none
aut-h ns men in books call poetry, i’rt there is a cheerful
hopefulness—and burning enthusiasm for the high destinies
ot man, especially as connected with our forms of free go
vernment w hich never wearies in its flight through time
*''! J? a * lre ’ ,0 °hing ever upward and rejoicing in its antici-
war^s rae ™” nmal ° n ' of “P eBce earth and good will lo
ll is this enthusiasm—tlii* intensity in every thing con-
nccied with our Government, which has occasioned the
aneer, that with him. every turn of public affairs, is a “cri-
ats. He looks to futurity, as if it were present; and. con-
artous o> his mighty powers, speaks as if he grasped it.
Events, and the questions they evolve, press more Weightily
ttpon him, than upon other mcn.irecause he sees further into
their consequences. His Mai for truth; his long experience
in government, which leaches him, that every movement of
its complex machinery, is big with indefinite after results
cannot be estimated or understood by shallow political fop!
linga.or unprincipled charlatans. The question, with them,
is often merely a personal one,—“How shall I be affected?”'
—'“What shall |I gain?” or it is a question of immediate
effects only; for they can aee no further. But, with him,
the question is, tiie country; and vv hat is its whole effect,
immediate, and n mole,—but especially it» remote, which
like the ocean’s wave, is often moat final nnd violent m its
recoil Tins mleiibily and self- abandon meat in public af
fairs, has also rendered him obnoxious to the charge ot be
ing too indifferent to results, when fatal to nts friends.—-
When standing, according to his conception, in the way of
his public dutv, lie rides over them remorselessly; and great
public measures >eem to absorb all his private sympathies.
r l hecharge is not without truth. No man who enjoys his
friendship, need expect that his private esteem and affection
will control his public course; hut it is not true, whatever
may be external appearances, that he does not deeply de
plore the loss or fall of friends, lie has seemed unmoved,
bt cau^c he has felt himself to be the victim; and the altar
nt which he served, required a cheerful sacrifice. It is hard
to gain, and harder still to gi /E confidence; and to see it
broken, nt a blow , by one fierce current of political events,
dashing into collision and sirife, those who once “took sweet
counsel together,” is indeed the most wretched of all life’s
experiences; hut can it he avoided, if the supreme principle
is. the country’s good? The ties of friendship--lhe esteem
of all men—life itscjfi we doubt not, are nothing in Mr. Cal
houn’s estimation, to the per in men l establishment of the
great principles of free government, through the mighty ex-
p r incut olour Federal Consti.'ution, for which he lias liv
ed and struggled, for more than a quarier of u century. NV e
have heard him m.v so, with an eye so bright and calm, and
lips so firm and p i! ’—not in crowds, or in the Senate cham
ber, but in the solitude of personal communion—that to
doubt hi hi, wen* lo outrage nitu.-e anti wrong our being.
He lias shown too often, the spirit of the martyr, in his ma
ny reverses in public life, for any one lo question his pos-
fte.-bing it; and when lie b tw that the way was dark and
Stele Right* mud (Jailed Slate* Right*.
u ’ Tis tlhe star spangled banner, oh, long may it wave,
O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave.”
FEDERAL UNION.
llllJtKRGEVIIiliE, JANUARY £4, I H 13.
Taxes.
We invite the attention of Tax Collectors and others
interested, to the circular of the Treasurer to be found in
this paper. ^
Exchange.
The Augusta Chronicle of January 18th. quotes Cen
tral Bank notes at 31 to 40 percent, discount. The Con-
pcrilous there are many vi ho can testify to the earnestness , of the 19th says, “we have no change to no-
i:h which he imploml them if consistent with t.ieir own
view8 of duly, lo abandon him, nnd permit him fo treau U
alone. Most assurodly, he has not been more reckless o*
Gibers, than ofhimmdf, in his political career.
If power, not right,—distinction, not usefulness, had beer
Ills nim, who doubts, that long since he would have obtain
ed all that popularity could have bestowed in a Republic?
But the struggle of bit life has been, not to use our system of
Government, lift himself by its abuses, but to save the sys
tem, by reforming its abuses, and correcting its dangerous
and dissolving tendencies. In pursuing this end, he lias
been stern lo friends and foes; and the former have proba
bly contributed ns lilt c as the latter, in swaving his policy.
ad ho been oilier wise, however, he might have had troops
of friends, (who long since abandoned him,) while falling
into the “sere nnd yellow leaf” of age, and have revelled in
honors; but he would not have been w hat he is,—a man in
Ihe midst of political profligacy and corruption,fit to reform
and save a great Republic.
Our readers will easily infer from what we have said, that
Mr. Calhoun is no politician, in the sense the term is gener
ally used. He neither understands how to siring the wires,
nor to pull them. Despising indirection and trickery of all
kinds, lie wields hut oi-e weapon for success in his measures
duo ascendancy iri his councils,and that is—outright, down
right, naked truth. Yet h might have been fortunate for
bun, if only for the purposes ol defence, had he possessed
more of that art, which in public affairs, produces results.
tice in out money market, except in Central Bank notes,
which are improving. We quote 30 to 35 percent, dis
count; last w eek we quoted them at 40 to 50.” Oiir
shavers are still demanding 40 per cent, discount, but
there are few, if any, sales made.
Dr. Jon v Brocken borough, the venerable and talent
ed President of the Bank of Virginia, who had served the
institution with distinguished honor for thirty-eight years,
has beeu removed from his office, by the stockholders of
the Bank, and General Pegram, late Cashier, appointed
in liis stead. This measure seems to have been in oppo
sition to the wishes of the Executive. who appointed Dr.
Brockenborough at the head of the list of State Direc
tors. Much excitement seems to have grown out of this
matter.
OCr* By the last Washington papers, we learn that the
bHl to repeal the Bankrupt Act, passed the House of Rep
resentatives, by yeas 110, nays 71, in the following form:
AX ACT lo re pi a l the Bankrupt Act.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Represen
tatives of the United States of America in Congress as-
Im r ..~ P sembled, That the act entitled “An act to establish a nni-
w hiUt affecting to he indifferent or opposed to them, secretly | f orn) system of bankruptcy throughout the United States,”
ri«ti£»nies and combines instruments ami causes, and when
(he effect is produced, cries out—'“behold the people!”
All art and concealment in conducting the affairs of a
Republic* ore contrary to its genius and spirit. Dissembling
and artifice are the mean resorts of conscious unworthinefis
or meditated treachery io tiie people, and may suit courts or
harems, hut are not favorable to that just appreciation by
the people of public men and public measures, which are
absolutely necessary for their proper control. He who
loves them, ami confides in their capacity for self govern
ment, will deal openly and fairly with them He will pl^n*
himself on the great principles of truth and liberty, and if
he fails to convince the people that these require his policy
to prevail, he will doubt his own ability to enforce them, or
deprecate the unworthy sophistries which obscure them
from th« ir eyes,hut lie will not doubt the people. lie will
wait in hope—in patience he will possess his soul. He w ill
go down, if necessary, beneath the people’s wrath; confi
dent that I heir sense of justice and correct appreciation of
their interests nrd honor will, ere long, lift him up again,
and even for his humiliations they will remember him.
'J'his is slatcsmaiibhip.—This is true patriotism. To serve
the people when the people serve you—to magnify them
when they exali you—to laud their omnipotence when their
omnipotence is your glory and their favor your crown—is
an easy task, that repays sweetly in the performance.
But to dare to be right when the people are wrong, and
to face them in frowns—to serve on when your services are
approved 19th August, Jrt41. be, and the same is hereby
repealed. Provided, That -Uiis act shall not affect any
case or proceeding in bankruptcy commenced before the
passage of this act, or any pains, penalties, or forfeitures
incurred under the said act, but every such proceeding j
may be continued to its final consummation, in like man
ner as if this act had not been passed.
Congressional Election Districts.
The Legislature of the State of Connecticut have pass
ed resolutions, to be found in another column, protest
ing against the law of Congress requiring the States to
4>c laid off into distiiets for the election of members of
Congress. The States, except Georgia, which held their
elections heretofore by general ticket, have refused to
obey the dictation of the General Government. In con
formity with the act of Congress our General Assembly
passed an act to lay out the State into districts, which
was vetoed by Governor McDonald, for reasons nearly
identical with those given by the Legislature of Con
necticut.
South Carolina Military Academy.
IVo extract from the South Carolinian, the following
notice of this new lustliuilou established at Cob
alighted or senriind-.o feel their power prising down to ; Q wi , h 1()t alI(i ., leilslIre W e invite the attention of
yo.tr non, whilst had met, and had counsels hurry them on ^ S(mth £ , h| . So „| h( , rn -West Point Academy.” It I
ratifying to witness that the slight experiment made by j
in a career of folly and iniquity—lo see that purest reward
of a high ambition, (“that Inst infirmity of noble minds,”)
your good name, belied, trampled on and cursed—and yet to
ludd on—calmly, cheerfully, and hopefully to hold on to the
truth—and hold it up and push it on, inch by inch, until it
moves and spreads and fiames in the popular mind, and
saves the land:—this is statesmanship, this is true patriot
ism.
The politician knows nothing of H, nnd perhaps despises
if. He laughs in his sleeve nt the simplicity nnd folly of
(hose, who, by liis intrigues nnd measures, he may have
driven into such desperate experiments on the popular intel
ligence. Personal success is his principle, and expediency
in all rnensuics (excepting where professions of principle
ire expedient,) is his unscrupulous instrument lo win his
way. The statesman stands on great principles of liberty
nml government, nnd knows no success but in their ascend
ancy, and no reward but in the blessings they impart to the
country. Need we say to our readers that the statesman, ns
we have depicted him, in character and fate, is John C.
Calhoun.
Such is the man we uphold for flie first office in the gift
of the people of these United States, whom he has served
for thirty-one years consecutively in the councils of the
Union. Of these services, although affording a brilliant
* lmpter for biography, we propose to say nothing. They
extend over a long space, through the most trying incidents,
nnd stirring public events—from the Inst war, the declara
tion of winch he penned, to his splendid career for the last
ten years in the Senate of the United States. During so
long a course of public services, of course be hns committed
errors; aud it is possible that we are so feminine in our at
tachment us to love him the more for these very errors.
'I hey bring him nearer on a level with us in our common
nature, whilst his moral excellencies, draw him warmly to
our hearts. We uphold him for the Presidency, not merely
because we admire the statesman, but because we love the
nmn. No one w ho has occupied, cr pretended to occupy
the Presidential chair, if our conception of his character is
correct, can approach him in his domestic traits. Wash
ington, in his personal dignity and pure moral grandeur,
stood like the solitary eagle on the mountain peak.—The
clouds of human tenderness nnd ration which too often
slide by somelim* s gather around their object Ihe most glo
rious halo of light and beauty, moved far below him.—Mad
ison w as correct, amiable and kind.—Monroe was blunt yet
considerate and honorable. .But neither Washington, Mad
ison nor Monroe had children;—and the hidden hut gushing
streams of parental love never flowed over and softened
their natures. Ol other living men w ho have occupied or
aspired to the Presidency, we will say nothing although we
might say a great deal in commendation. We wish to see
in ihe White House the same virtues which make the cot
tage happy. We wish to see in the Presidency those prin
ciples of morality, which bring order nnd peace every
where, actively hearing on all i*s duties. On these princi
ples, not onlv the happiness, hut the liberties of the people
depend. Without them, in the high places of power and do
minion. the rights and interests of the people are rendered
subordinate to the ambition of unprincipled aspirants; and
lo gamble them away—to profess, nnd falsify professions—
lo seem to do, yet not to-do—*to have measures without prin
ciples, and ahusrs without correction, and expediency m ev
ery thing, nnd clear, decided honesty in nothing—becomes
ib«- minle! orsinietui.mc.lxip, nrul the habitual but contempt
ible practices of public men. Republics are built on the
higher virtues; and the people must have them actively en
gaged in the ndminsitration of their affairs, or their liberties
must fall Give us honesty in our government, and give us
energy and courage to make honesty rule without being
duped, nnd effectual in all its departments, without regard
to consequences. Then if errors are committed, errors will
correct themselves. Good measures will produce all their
good; and had ones-be bereft of half their evil.—Confidence,
now long lost, will onee more return amongst us; confidence
sii our rulers, w ill give us confidence in each other, nnd an
abiding sense that truth, justice nnd fear of God, reigns in
our national councils, will bring repose .and peace to our
distracted and suffering country.
Mr. Herbert at his school receutly established at Aiken, .
has elicited such interest in the chivalrous and patriotic |
State of South Carolina. His appointment as Superin- |
tendent of the State Institution is an excellent one. It is
highly commendable of the character and moral w orth of
this gentleman, and speaks much in the appreciation of 1
his ability and superior literary attainments. Will not 1
Georgians patronize this Seminary of South Carolina? j
Our citizens will certainly not fail to avail themselves of j
the benefit of this institution. The regulations of this A-
cadetny, we perceive, are to be published soon, when !
we shall avail ourselves of the opportunity of speaking 1
more fully our views of its claims upon the public gen
erally.
ARSENAL ACADEMY.
The Board of Visiters of this new' institution, on the 11th j
instant, appointed Alfrf.d Herbert, Esq , late Principal |
of the Military Academy ot Aken, Superintendent, and Cap- j
tain 31. C. Shaffer and Matthews. Esq., Assist-
ants. 'J hese appointments are excellent, nnd do much ere- j
cl it to the judgment of the Board. A gentleman better qual
ified for the head of such an institution than 3Tr. Herbert,
could scarcely have been found any where, and his appoint- j
ment cannot fail to be highly satisfactory to the public, and !
to secure its confidence in the institution; w hile we have no .
doubt he w ill find able Assistants in the oilier gentlemen. !
We understand, however, that Captain Shaffer’s appoint- j
ment is temporary only, as he has other engagements which j
will interfere with it after awhile, nnd accepted it for the
time, at the desire of the Board, on account of his late com- |
mand of the Arsenal, and the consequent value of his inti
mate acquaintance with its affairs, in the change of its or
ganization.
Governor’s Porter’s Message.
No State in this Union has suffered more than Penn
sylvania from the abuse of the credit system. Her pub
lic debt at this time amounts to nearly forty millions of
dollars, while her income applicable to its payment, is
less than one million per annum. The natural resour
ces. however, of this great State, and the wealth and in
dustry of its inhabitants, justify the Governor in saying
that Pennsylvania will “do what she agrees to do. and
pay what she agrees to pay.” Of this we have for our
selves never entertained a doubt. Repudiation is a
temporary expedient of unprincipled politicians; every
State which may allow itself to be stained with this “foul
blot,” will in future times look back to it with shame aud
remorse.
It is with great satisfaction we notice the statement of
Governor Porter, that “that portion of the community
engaged in agricultural pursuits, is comparatively free
from debt and embarrassment, and that the embarrass
ments of that people generally are far less than they
were at the close of the last war.” Would to God that
this were tine of our own suffering community. On
the contrary, we have no hesitation in saying that the
people of Georgia, in consequence of the prostrate con- !
ditiou of her market for the great staple cotton, wa« j
never in a state so full of despondency or burthened j
with difficulties so insurmountable, since the war of the i
Revolution. Not that the debts of her people are large, j
but that '.heir labor avails nothing.
The reliance of the Governor on the ruined resources j
of Pennsylvania—in her coal and in her iron—to re- j
deem her from a state of indebtedness so awful, may i
well awaken our attention to our own undeveloped fc- i
sources in the same field of enterprise. Some of our
labor, il is true, is finding its way into our inexhaustible i
gold mines, where we have reason to believe it will he j
better paid than in any other part of the State; but who !
has began to raise our coal or manufacture our iron? 1
These are the true sources of our wealth—the certain !
foundation of our redemption. But they are heavy and |
require facilities for transportation. Time will bring
The Currency.
Politicians and political economists, we should think,
are by this time, satisfied that the use of a currency of
specie or its equivalent, does not necessarily produce a
prosperous commerce ora well rewarded industry. Al
most the whole of the United Suites are now in the use
of a currency wholly unexceptionable; yet we are una
ble to see that any class of the community is benefitted,
except the office holders and hoarding misers, who. in
the times in which the extravagance of others enabled
them to do it, laid up their store in money, instead of
vesting it in property. Business and business men are
swept off, and our villages and cities almost desolated,
or inhabited by those who are not earning their bread.
At the same time, because industry is not rewarded, pro
perty is of scarcely any value, and the debtors, even where
the amounts are small, are at the mercy of their creditors.
The times are therefore bac, desperately bad! Nor can
we perceive, that places having still to struggle with a
depreciated currency, are worse off than those who have
thrown off the incumbits, “ bad currency.” The parts of
Georgia which have longest sustained the currency of the
bills of the Central Bank, are by no means worse off
th in (hose who have lent their patriotism to their depre
ciation ; and the State of Alabama, whose random deal
ing and phrenetic speculations, had tin-own her on the
highest p.ut of that itairersr.l bubble, wh'.-h burst under
the fept of the wise and the simple—has ltt herself down
with admirable wisdom, and suffered far les, in the crasii,
than others who would have counselled her to harsher
measures to restore* sound currency. Trusr.it/ihat we
have arrived at the botlom of the fearful descent, and that
any change now, must be for the better, we think it is yet
important that we know where we have arrived, what
brought us ! e e, and how we shall escape.
“ fthmnj, like tenter, trill Had its Uccl.” The fearful
chasm in our currency which b is been deepening si;ice
1^37. is now rapidly filling up by importations of specie,
and the working of our own mines. This rather proves
that the day of prosperity has not yet dawned on our suf
fering country, than any thing else. It proves that we
are no longer able to hnv fiom abroad, but yet it is the
seed of hope, that the value of property and money may
once more bear some just proportion.
The evils we suffer have arisen from our misfortunes,
as well as our faults. The sudden collapse which hap
pened, was not from any liult of ours, but the sudden
extermination of the credit of hank notes, was as much
our fault as our misfortune. The work of years was
forced iu a day. ami the destruction has been horrid.
We have rushed to the hottnru like an avalanche. “The
currency in Ohio, KentucJv, Indiana and Illinois, has.
within little more than a vetr j a.-t, been reduced from
fifteen millions to five millions of dollars.” Ttie value
of their property and of their labour, is almost annihila
ted. But they too. it is hoped, have arrived at the bot
tom.
It is not in our power to command prosperity, but
with good judgment and soind policy, we may lessen
adversity and rise rapidly froii our present prostrate con
dition. This cannot he dons without the use of credit.
We have seen our hanking ctpital almost swallowed up.
and it is time we should know that the war with them is
over. It has been carried 01, like other wars, to the great
injury even of the victors. Let it cease—they are dead
enough. And now Jet its remember, that “ the circu
lating medium of every civilized country, is compounded
of metallic currency, and of credit ill the form of evi
dences of delit. This compound currency is essential to
the existence of civilized society. Metallic money alone
suffices for barbarians who have little property and few
and small dealings.” It is in the order of Providence,
that extravagance is punished with poverty nnd misery.
We have suffered the penalty, and ought to learn from
it a lesson of wisdom and moderation. Our best nnd
most enterprising citizens have been the greatest suffer
ers—thev have been brought to beg alms at the hands of
the hording miser and heartless usurer. It is enough—
they are punished. Time and industry may heal the
wounds of misfortune, but the greatei and more fatal
wounds of morals will be harder to close.
Wonderful.
The Fditor of the Savannah Republican has seen a
(><*« mjlnr vote of the Central Bank which was not
signed by the President!! and it iras regularly numbered
and dated, and it hud the signature of the Cashier!—
Would the loss to the State, or to the gent'eman who
received this note from the hank with other bills with
out noticing it, be incalculable? We have not yet seen
the Republican’s predictions.
Horrible.—The Philadelphia Gazette snvs that a letter
has been received in that city, from a gentleman in China,
which states that “at [he city of Cltin-Kiatig tint, three hun
dred women committed suicide in preference to being sub
jected to llie tavage licentiousness of ihe British soldiery.”
SEVEN DAYS LATER FROM EC ROPE.
By Ihe arrival of the packet ship Garrick, we have Ixm-
don adviefs lo Decrmltcr 14ih, anti Liverpool to ihe 15th.
Cotton in ihe Liverpool market was in much less demand,
anti had declined id.
No change in other markets.
Gen. MeDongald was last week put upon his trial upon
the charge of murder. This trial commenced on Thursday
and continued until Saturday night. The teslimory closed
about 5 o’clock, when the counsel for the prisoner announ
ced Iti ihe rourt that they did not deem it necessary to make
any argument before the jury. The jury were nddresed by
two of the counsel for the State nnd after an ahsence of a
few minutes returned a verdict of acquittal.—Columbus Ar
gus 16th.
Reduction of Postage.—The Postmaster General hns
been in consultation with several of lire Postmasters in the
principal cities ol Ihe Union, on the subject of a reduction
of postage. Tire result is. that he recommends to Congress
on immediate reduction, (though small,) from I lie present
rates, as follows Upon nil single letters sent by mail nny
distance not over 30 miles, # 5 cents.
Over 30 to 100 miles, 10 “
Over 100 lo 220 miles, 15 “
Over 220 to 400 miles, 20 “
Over 400. 25 “
Me he lieve a still greater reduction might be made, w it It-
out impairing the revenue of the Department; and as it is
one of those reforms in which evert citizen is directly in
terested, we hope to see it adopted Irefore the adjournment
of the present body. Mr. M'ieklifle deserves great credit
for his exertions in I his, as well as other measures of public
benefit. The only just nnd equitable rule for exacting pos
tage is to make the rales correspond proportionality with
the distance. But under present atrangenients, this rule is
not likely to Ire carried into effect, and we are willing to
take such reduction as we can get. The administration of
the federal government is such, under all parties, that the
ndvornle of equal and t xarl justico to all men, is compelled
to take what improvements he can get, without stickling for
the best reformers.
The Sons of Mr. Spencer.—A correspondent of the . .
National Intelligencer contradicts a story about one of i them forth, hut at present "enterprise is dead
the sons of Mr. S.. wlio was said to he at Sing Sing:— '< Let ua “ot take up the impression that Pennsylvania,
“The Secretary of War had three sons — 1 Ihe eldest because she owes a large debt, and has not so organised
resided several Years at Cleveland. Ohio, in the practice her resources as to pay even its annua! interest, is either
it law. His second son, John C. Spencer. Jr., is now
n the Mediterranean, on hoard the U. S. stltip command
ed by his uncle William Spencer. This young gentle
man. than whom one more exemplary, estimable and
virtuous does not exist, resided several years in Albany,
t here he was not only respected but beloved by all with
•vhom he associated. And yet this youth, whose charac-
“r is nnhlemi-'hed.and w hose whole life has been blame,
less, is represented through the press as an inmate of the
Sing Sing prison ! I*do not say that these cruel and un
founded charges have been made maliciously, bufthe ef
fect of them is not the less injurious to the character of
an absent and injured voting man. or harrowing to the
lacerated feelings of hts afflicted friends.”
A Massachusetts Physician uses colchicum in scarlet
fever, which prevents llw tendency lo a dropsical swel
ling. At the first attack of an adult he gives in one
dose, 15 grains calomel and 10 grs. powdered ipecac.
After the operation of this medicine he administered
four grains powdered colchicum every four or six hours
as required, and if much heat a fever mixture; should
there he too much purging, a few drups of laudanum.
Desperation.—When a man’s fortune has become so
embarrassed that he is obliged to give up the broadcloth
for homespun, pound cake for brown bread, kid and
calfskin for cowhide—in such circumstances we consid
er thete is hope of a man, aud that his credit ought yetto
be accounted as good; but when he is driven so fur aud
so low in hard times as lo say—I must economise by
stopping my newspaper! we conclude that the poor
man's fortunes ate really desperate, and that he is a gone
case.—To think of saving one’s self by stopping a news-
f taper, is like the hungry man's calculation to grow fat,
iv total abstinence trout every thing that can sustain
life.—.V. Y. Mechanic.
Dn. Onanntso says;—“A man brought up to an ob
scure trade, and hemmed in by the wants of a growing
family, many, in his narrow sphere, perceive more clear
ly, discriminate more keenly weigh evidence more w ise
ly, seize on the right nutans more decisively, and have
more presence of tnind in difficulty, than another who
has accumulated vast stores of knowledge by laborious
study; and he has more, of intellectual greatness. Many
a man, who has goue hut a few miles front home, under
stands human nature better, detects motives and weighs
character more sagaciously, than another, who has trav
elled over the known world and marie a name by liis re
ports of different countries.”
Boohs.—A modern writer, who has probably benefit
ed by experience, says;
“Don’t lend hooks. On this point be inexorable both
to friends and foes. Borrowed books never get fair
play- They are either lost, damaged, or kept. Not one
person out of fifty returns them to their owners in the
state in which they were given out.”
poor or feeble, ller great liues of internal improve
ment by canals and rail roads, extending to uearlv a
thousand miles, about eight hundred of which are fin
ished and in operation, yield nearly a million of dollars
per annum in tolls. This sum is wholly insufficient to
defray the public expenses, but enough to prove the
great utility of these works to the people, and no doubt,
in a great degree to relieve the agriculture of the coun
try from the fatal stagnation which we feel in Georgia.
These w orks of internal improvement, in these times,
yield to the State a clear income of about half a million
of dollars. What wili they do if commerce ever again
rises from its present degraded condition? These are
some of the resources of this great Stale whose hardy
population with all their German fortitude and persever
ance, have despaired of overcoming their difficulties.—
They have offered their public works for sale, and fount 1
not a bidder! for who could purchase works so vast and
magnificent.
We have not been able to find room for the valuable
message of Governor Porter, aud are compelled to con
tent ourselves with this short notice of its leading fea
tures. It well deserves the consideration of every Geor- i
gian. It is like “holding tip the mirror” to our affairs, i
not to flatter, but to humble our pride. Pennsylvania i
has plunged headlong into great and enormous pub- !
lie works, aud has finished them so far as to he of ittfi- i
nite advantage aud profit to her people, who are com- i
pamtively small sufferers, while enormous burthens rest
on the State in its corporate capacity. Georgia entered
the lists in this glorious career; but she has finished no- I
thing, and although her finances arc comparatively 1
flourishing, her people are ground to the dust. Her j
agricultural products are perishing on their hands, or
consumed in the expenses of transportation to market.
Her iron, her coal, Iter marble, rest in their “everlasting ;
hills.” while the product of the vallies is perishing nn-
protit.ikly to him who tills the soil. Oh 1 that our people
had as much wisdom as they have industry.
A Bankrupt's Estate.—The name of Thomas j
Chambers, Esq., of the Montour Iron Works. Cambria |
county, l’a., was published in the list of bankrupts, a I
few days since at Pi tsbnrg. The schedules, attached to
his petition, show a list of assets amounting to the enor
mous sum of $143,270 GO, and when the list of debts
are subtracted therefrom, a balance is left of $>i)l,0()0to
to his credit. His property is said to be most beautiful,
and it is a curious evidence of the times, when a man
w ho is actually worth nearly a hundred thousand dollars,
is obliged to go into bankruptcy. Another bankrupt,
from the Lycoming district, who made application on the
same day, returns a list of assets amounting to about
$00,000.
Good Advice.—The New York Union says “place no
confidence in imaginary prosperity—never venture be
yond your depth—live within your means—think of
making a living, not a fortune—look ahead—take care
of the rainy day, be prudent, be temperate, be hum
ble.”
Washington City, December 28, 1842.
Public opinion seems to be setting in all quarters on
the choice of a candidate for the next Presidency, on the
the part of the great Democratic Republican party, and
it is confidently hoped by the friends of Mr. Calhoun,
that his claims will not be overlooked by the Conven
tion, w hich is spoken of to nominate our candidate.
He will certainly obtain 'Jie vote of all the winning
States we had in the last contest, and will make a much
better run in the losing ones than our last; aud it is but
fair that we who fought the good fight under every dis
advantage, will he allowed a choice, now that a selection
is to he made.
I trust that some better method will be adopted, to as
certain the strength and wishes of the Democracy Ilian
usual. For instance, should the desires of Kentncky
differ from those of Alabama or New Hampshire, know
ing as we do, that we cannot gain the former, and are
sure of the two latter, what equity is there in yielding
up the favorite candidate of those States? .My plan
then, would be, to allow the States in Convention only
the number of votes that they have a Democratic Repre
sentative for in both Houses of Congress. This would
operate in bringing forward such a candidate as was fa
vorable to the mass of the Democracy. I trust that if
this is not done, something will he devised, to ascertain
public interest thoroughly, and prevent our suffering a
Waterloo defeat, similarlo that we experienced with our
late Captain.
These are crude notions thrown together, and as such
must be taken from an humble follower in the ranks of
the Democracy, which he does not wish to see again
heat. He wants the next contest to be so marked, that
he “who runs may read” of it. The young men of this
country, wish to try over again the battle fought by their
fb.hers, between Federal and Republican principles—
Adams aud Jefferson. What two are better calculated
to bring out these antagonistical points than Henry Clay
and John C. Calhoun? In case of the success of either,
we should know the character of the Government in
full—no “judicious” Tariff—no “well regulated Banks”
no robbing of Peter to pay Paul. We should have sta
bility and peace for a vviiile, because the will of Ihe peo
ple would he fully ascertained by the choice of one or
the other candidates. This I know to he, as far as I
have moved, the sentiments of the masses of the Demo
cracy. Let ns see what our rules are before we enter
into a combat which may decide the destinies of tne Re
public. The position of the two men spoken of, needs
no definement, and the course of either would bo bold
and straight forward.
I regret to see efforts made in certain quarters, calcu
lated to create distrust among the leading men of the
party. This is not right. \Ve arc fighting for great
unchanging principles—and onr only aim should he to
take up the man |)est calculated to convey them
out. The way is before its. and by “a long pull, astrong
pull, and a pull altogether,” the most timid need not fear
for the result.
Congress is now busy at the Bankrupt law, and its
fate seems to he sealed, although it will die hard, as eve
ry effort will he made lo delay action on ihe subject, or
so to amend, as to renderit inoperative. All the speeches
vet made have been against the repeal, but the other
side is to he heard yet. It is thought by some that Tyler
will veto it, but there is no ccrtaiuty of Ihe matter.
An attempt will he made to modify the Tarift'law,
passed at the last Session, but the Federal Whigs area
stiff-necked generation, and will in all probability, stick
to the bantling. The Exchequer Scheme is sleeping on
the Senate table, and will be suffered to remaiti unmo
lested.
K. B. T.
Mike. Walsh says tkat the city of Washington “is a
poor beggarly hole, the inhabitants of which live like the
wreckers of a bench, by skinning those who are acci
dentally cast among them.”
Lord Castlereagh made so many new words that Can
ning called him the literary coiner.—“He has got a mint
in his utiud,” siad he.—“Mint in his mind!” replied Tier
ney, “would that he had sage in his head.”
Gates work much better for having the hinges
and latches greased.
RESOLUTIONS OF TIIE
GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF CONNECTICUT,
In faror of the repeal of that prorisn in the lam for the
apportionment of Representatives among the si nrul
States, according to the Sixth Census, ichich directs that
the States shall be divided into districts.
Whereas, the act of the Congress of the United States,
passed at its last session, for apportioning the represen
tatives among the several States, according to the sixth
census, provides. “ That in every case where a State is
entitled to more than one representative, the number to
which each State shall be entitled under this apportion
ment, shall be elected by districts composed of contigu
ous territory equal in nnmber to the number of repre
sentatives to which said State may be entitled, no one
district electing more than o:je representative.” And
whereas, said enactment assumes to direct, and even to
command, the form aud manner of the legislation of the
Suites, upon a subject of viUtl importance, essential to
their independence aud sovereignty, and belonging pri
marily to the jurisdiction of tiie Slates, this assembly can
not but regard said act as a palpable and dangerous in
vasion of the rights t>c this Slate, against which they feel
called upon to enter their most solemn protest. Wh ,;th-
er we look to the general theory of our system of gov
ernment, to the general principles of the Constitr tion.
or to the particular provision relating to this snhjcc t, we
can discover no constitutional sanction for this ext raor-
dinary enactment. The only provision in the Con -Uitu-
tion relating to the mode of electing represontativ es, is
in the following words: “The times, places, and man
lier of holding elections for Senators and Rcpre senta-
tives. shall be prescribed in each State by the Legi- latnre
thereof; but the Congress may at any time, b y law.
make or alter such regulations, except as to the j dace of
choosing Senators.” This provision expressly directs
that the time, place, and manner of electing rep resenla-
tives in each Stale,shall he prescribed by the Legislature
thereof. The primary jurisdiction over this subject is
here expressly given to the States, and the authority con
ferred on Congress to “make or alter such regt ihitions.”
can not consistently or reasonably he so constr tied as to
invalidate and destroy this essential power expressly re
served to the Stales. The manner of electing; ot ir rep
resentatives in Congress must be prescribed l>y the Lc-
gislnture of the Slate, although it may be modified or
altered by a law of Congress. This power is as impor
tant to independence and sovereignty, as Is that other
fundamental right guarantied to the States of deciding
on the qualifications of electors for repre sentatives in
Congress, and of the forur and manner -of their exer
cising the elective franchise. If it belong;:, as we think
it clearly does, to the Legislature of this State, to pre
scribe the manner of electing represent; lives to Con
gress, they must possess the same freedo n iu the exer
cise of this power as of .dl other powers r eservsd to the
State,and within the jurisdiction of theLe jislature there
of. Can the Legislature be said to prescr ibe the maimer
of electing their representatives, when Congress has
directed jrhat that manner shall he, and has commanded
ns to conform thereto ? This would fie a mockery of
State authority. Nor is there a single provision in the
Constitution which gives any countenance to this as
sumption on the part of Congress, to direct and control
the legislation of the Stales, in any case whatever. In
all cases, the rights reserved to the States are to he en
joyed and exercised as completely, and with the same
absolute freedom as though die Union did not exist. If,
in any cases, there are doubts as to the precise boundary
between the rights of the States and the powers of the
Federal Government, we believe it fias never before been
denied that all the powers reserve d to the States, were
to he enjoyed and exercised by tin mi free, from the inter-
ferenceordirection of the Federal authorities And if any
one form of encroachment upon the rights of the States
can be more dangerous and offensive than another, it is
the attempt on the part of the national legislature to
dictate to the States the manner and form in which they
shall exercise the powers acknowledged to belong to
their jurisdiction.
Entertaining these sentiments, the General Assembly
regard the aforesaid enactments by Congress, as an
alarming encroachment upon the rights of this State, and
being called on to prescribe the manner of the election
of representatives in Congress, in conformity to the
apportionment contained in the aforesaid act of Con
gress. they feel hound solemnly to disclaim all recogni
tion of the binding authority of the provision of said act
before recited, iu any way to direct or control their ac
tion in prescribing ti e time, place, and manner of elect
ing representatives for this Slate in the Congress of the
United States.
And more distinctly to express our disapprobation of
said act. as well with a view to its speedy repeal, we
adopt the following resolutions:
Resnlred by this Assembly. That the provision of the
act of Congress before recited, which assumes to direct
and control the legislation of this State n pon a subject
conceded to he within its jurisdiction, is a palpable and
dangerous violation of the rights of the Legislature and
of the people of this Stale, having no sanction from the
L'onstiturlon, nntt no antnorlty from precec'ent; and that
any acquiescence by the representatives of the people of
this State, in so daring an invasion of their rights, would
be to betray flip sacred trust confided to their charge.
Resolved, That the Senators of this State in the Con
gress of the United States he instructed, and the Repre
sentatives he requested, to make all reasonable nnd pro
per exertions to procure the speedy repeal of the pro
visions of the act of Congress here referred to.
Resolved. That his Excellency the Governor transmit
a copy of the above preamble and resolutions to each of
our Senators and Representatives in the Congress cf
the United States.
0° The message of Gov. Bouck to the legi slature of
New York is. as it was to have been expected, much oc
cupied with the local matters of the State, especially in
ternal improvements and the finances. He touches tip-
on subjects of a general nature very spariugly. The
following are extracts from this excellent message. We
particularly call the attention of onr readers to the ex
tracts which relates to fugitive slaves. It contains sound
doctrines, and emanates from patriotic feelings.
“Within the last two years, there have, in my judg
ment. been several unwarrantable assumptions of pow-
eron the part of the federal government. The right to
collect money from the people in any form, for the pur
pose ol distributing the same among the States, has not
been delegated to the general government. So long as
the whole revenue of the Unted States is required for
the purpose of carrying on the operations of the gov
ernment, it matters not what particular moneys are ta
ken front the treasury for the purpose of distribution.
Whether it be the proceeds of the stiles of the public
lands, or the same amount of money collected from im
ports. or by direct taxation, it is nothing less than cnllect-
litg money front the people, for ihe purpose of return
ing a portion of it back to them in another form. And
as it must come hack diminished in amount by the ex
penses and losses incident to the collection and re-distri
bution, the project is highly objectionable when viewed
as a mere question of finance. But as an assumption of
power which the States have not delegated to the gener
al government, it is of dangerous tendency, and like all
other encroachments of power, ought to be promptly
met and tirmlv resisted. The Union can only be main
tained, and our free institutions transmitted unimpaired
to posterity, by upholding the sovereignty of the States,
in all the rights which they have not yielded to the fed
eral government.
Under a power to “make or alter” regulations in re
lation to the times, places and manner of bolding elec
tions for representatives in Congress, the present Con
gress has passed a law which, in effect, requires the sev
eral States to legislate in a particular manner, in relation
to die choice of representatives However unlimited
may be the power of the national legislature to “alter”
the'exisling regulations of the States, or to "make” those
which are entirely new, it is impossible, upon any fair
construction, to maintain that Ihe powers to “make or
alter”inelndesn powerto act upon the Slate legislatures,
and compel them to pass any particular law upon the
subject. As a question of mere expediency, this meas
ure was not called for.—No State has ever omitted to
make necessary regulations lor the choice of represen
tatives in Congress.—But as an unauthorized exercise
of power, it was like all other encroachments by the
General Government, highly dangerous to tiie stability
of the Union.
“While we are this carefully to watch and defend our
own rights, we are hound honestly and faithfully to dis
charge^ onr obligations to the General Government,
and to the several Stales with whom we are asso
ciated. By the compact under which the Union exists,
the States have made themselves a name among the na
tions ol the earth; they have reared a bulwark for the
defence of free institutions, and secured to the people
advantages of the highest value, which could not have
beeu maintained by separate, and perhaps rival States.
As we cherish the Union, we ought carefully to abstain
from all encroachments upon the legitimate powers of
the general government, and scrupulously fulfil our ob
ligations to the other States. 8o long as we remain in,
and reap the advantages of, the Union, wo are bound by
every consideration of honor and good faith to yield to
others, what we demand for ourselves, an honest fulfil
ment of the compact by which for many purposes we
are made one people.
“I have been led to this course of remark from the
tendency which has been noticed to strengthen the na
tional arm at the expense of the several Slates, ami from
finding upon our statute books laws whit h have been ad
judged to stand in conflict with our obligations to the
other States. I allude to our laws relating to “persons
held to service or labor” in other Stdtes who may escape
into this. The Federal constitution has provided that
they shall not. “in consequence of any law or regula
tion” of the State to which they may escape, “he dis
charged from such service or labor; but shall he deliver
ed up upon claim of the party to whom such service or
labor may he due.” Iu 1793 Congress passed a law
prescribing the manner in which the surrender should
be made, and forbidding all persons nuder a heavy pen
alty from interfering w th the claimant. Our laws have
thrown many obstacles in the way of the claimant in the
assertion of his right. The principle upon which these
laws arc based has been pronounced unconstitutional by
etitution ns it exists in other States. We have virtually
agreed that it shall not be done, and until we are prepar
ed to break up the national compact, and take the haz
ard <d a civil war. our obligations to the other Stales
sh ah Id he I'aithlully discharged.
The federal constitution has also provided that “a per
son charged in any State with treason, felony or other
crime, who shall flee from justice, and be found in anoth
er State, shall, on demand of the Executive authority of
the State from which he fled, be delivered up to be re
moved to the State having jurisdiction of the crime.”
At the last session of the Legislature, a concurrent reso
lution was adopted by the two houses, declaring “that in
the opinion of this legislature, stealing a slave within the
jurisdiction and against the laws of Virginia, is a crime
within the meaning of the second section of the fourth
article of the constitution oflhe United States.” I deem
it proper to say, that this resolution fully accords with
mv own judgment. Although such an act may not be for
bidden by our laws, the stealing of a slave has been de
clared to'be a crime in other States; and if a transgres
sor of their criminal laws flee within our jurisdiction we
are bound hy compact not to screen hint. The consti
tution declares that he shall "be delivered tip.”
“In stating thus frankly the opinion which I entertain
upon this delicate and important subject, I am aware that
1 may incur the censure of some, whose good opinion I
should be glad to preserve. But I repose with confi
dence upon the great hotly of Ihe people, who, I am
persnaded, are not so blinded by passion or prejudice,
that they cannot look upon the subject with candor; and
who, whatever may be their private opinions, will not
attribute my course to any other motive than a sincere
desire to preserve the Union, and to perpetuate the bles
sings of a free gov eminent, by a scrupulous discharge of
the obligations o good faith towards our sister.States.”
T „. . *IOO REWARD.
HE above reward will be
a man bv the name
ill be given for the delivery of
of WILLIAM J BF.NNKTT
© ] SI © y L A 53 □
TO THE COLLECTORS OF THE STATE OF
GEORGIA:
Treasury Department, )
Milledgeville, January 23, J843. j
I deem it my duty to call your attention to the laws
respecting the bills of Banks to be received in payment
of any public due or dues.
By the provisions of an act to compel the several
Banks of this State to redeem their liabilities in specie,
«Stc., the hills of defaulting Banks are directed not lo be
received iu payment at this office, except those of the
CCXTRAL. BA XK which are. made receivable in pay
ment of taxes. Therefore, to prevent any difficulty in
relation to the collection of the taxes in bills of other
hanks that may havt suspended payment, or that may
filii during the time of your collections; and to avoid
any lo^s to the State consequent upon such failures, I
call your attention to the subject in due time, that you
may he prepared to act advisedly in performing your
duties as Collector.
The Bills of the Central Bank, gold and silver
coin, and notes of such hanks as are paying specie at
the time of your settlement at the Treasury, will be re
ceived in payment of Taxes due from you to the State;
consequently for your own safety, lest bills may he re
ceived by yon, on hanks which may fail before you set
tle your account®, gold and silver, or CENTRAL
BANK NOTES only, are directed to be received bv
you in payment of taxes.
Very respectfully,
your obedient servant,
BHNJ. «. SMITH.
32—tf • Treasurer.
GEORGIA.
A Proclamation,
By Cn u;r,Fs J. McDonald. Uoeernorof said State .*
"VA/'HKREAS, 1 have, as directed by the act of the
v T General Assembly of this State, passed the lllh
day of February, 179!), entitled “An act, to regulate the
General Elections of this State, and to appoint the time
of the meeting of the G»ner.d Assembly;” arrangedand
counted up the votes given at the election held through
out this Slate, on .Monday the second day of January
instant, for a member to represent this State, in the
House of Representatives of the United States, to fill
the vacancy occasioned hy the death of the Hon. Rich
ard W. Habersham, from which it appears that
GEORGE W. CRAWFORD, has the highest num
ber of votes. 1 have therefore, thought proper, to issue
this my proclamation, hereby declaring that the said
George W. Crawford is duly elected to fill the said va
cancy in the House of Representatives of the Congress
of the United States; and notifying him to signify his
acceptance of the sai<Jappointment, and to produce the
requisite proofs ofeligibility in the time prescribed by die
act above mentioned.
Given under my hand -Vtld the Great Seal of the State,
at the Capitol in Milledgeville, this 23d of Janua
ry, 1843.
Charles j. McDonald.
By the Governor,
J. W. A. Sanford, Secretary of State.
Jan. 23, If43. 32—It
(TForc/a.
A Proclamation,
By Charles J. McDonald, Governor of Said State:
AT WHEREAS, official information has been received
v v at this Department, that a murder was commit
ted on the 3rd instant, in the county of Jasper, on the bo
dy of LANDON CARTER, by JF.FFF.RSON CLAY
and SAMUEL CI.AY, and that said Jefferson and Sam
uel Clay, have fled from justice. Now that they may he
brought to trial for said offence, I have thought proper
to issue thi« tnv proclamation, hereby offering a reward
ol TW O HUNDRED AND FIFTY DOLLARS, to
any person or persons who may apprehend and deliver
said fugitives to the Sheriff or Jailer of Jasper county,
or one hundred and twenty-five dollars for either of them,
and I do moreover charge and require all officers, civil
ami military in this State, to he vigilant in aiding and as
sisting 1* apprehend them, that they may be brought to
trial for the crime with which they stand charged.
Given under my hand and the Great Seal of the State,
at the Capitol, in Milledgeville, this lOib day of Jan
uary, 1843.
ciiarles j. McDonald.
By the Governor:
J.vo W A. Sanford, Secretary of State.
DESCRIPTION.
Jefferson Clay, is about thirty-three or four years old,
fi feet and 1 inch high, and weighs 200 pounds, stands
knock-kneed, his calves project further back than com
mon. jet black hair, and small black eyes, with a line
healthy complexion, round shouldered.
Samuel Clay, is about twenty-two years old. rather
dark complected, dark eyes, hair dark, 5 feet 10 or 11
inches high, straight and rather slender, weighs about
140 or 150 pounds.
■fan. IB, 1843. 31—3t
Surveyor General’s Office, Ga. 1
MILLEDGEVILLE, January 23rd. 1843. *
T HE undersignud w ill attend to the taking out and
forwarding Grants fora fee of fifty cents each, also
to the renewalof notes in the Central Bank for one dol-
lareach. All persons sending to this office for a Grant
or Grants, will send their affidavit that they are the prop
er owner of the lot or lots thev wish to arant.
ALFRED M. HORTON,
32 Surveyor General.
TT,
ty, Georgia. The said Bennett had been in ~thiTcomay
one year prior to that, and said that he was the son of
Capt. Peter Bennett of Wilkes county, Georgia; th e
said William J. Bennett, did on the 8th day of Octoler
last fcigean order from Jephtha V. Smith, to uie for the
pitiful sum of forty dollars, in the following words-
“Mr. JohD W. Chandler, pay W. J. Bennett 40 doll
tars for me, aud you will oblige yours, this 8th duv of
Oct., 1842. Jephtha V. Smith.”
Mr. Smithdid not write the above order or authorize
it to be done. The said Bennett, is about five feet ten
iuches high, light complexion; report says that he has
gone to Virginia. Wehadkee. Ala , Jan 10,1843.
32—3m JOHN W. CHANDLER.
8100^REWARD.
L OST in Irwinton, on the night of the 10th instant
a pocket book, containing 2 two hundred dollar
Treasury notes on the Treasury ol the United States:
■Iso two twenty dollar bills on the Planters and Mechan
ics Bank of Augusta; about oue hundred and fifty dol
lars in Central Bank money, and some change bills.
The above reward will be paid lo the finder of said
book with the contents. Jaq. 1G, 1843
32 CHARLES FOX.
IV ilk. ill son SliiTifi's Male.
O N the first Tuesday iu Mcrcli next, will be sold,
in the town ofIrw#iton, Wilkinson comity, before
the Court House door, between the usual hours of sale,
the following property, to wit:
One negro boy by the name of Peter, about 17 years
old, very likely, levied on as the property of James
Griuade. to satisfy sundry fi fas. in favor of Wyatt .Mer
edith and others, issued from a Justice of said county
W yatt Meredith vs. James Griuade: property pointed
out by said Wyatt Meredith; levy made and returned to
me by a constable.
S. B. MURPHEY, Sheriff.
Jan. 19, 1843. 32
Irit in poNtpoacd Shcrill’* 8alc.
W ILL be sold before the Court House door, in the
town of Irwiusvilie, Irwin county, on the first
Tuesday in March next, between the usual hours of
sale, the following property, to wit:
Three negroes, Hester a woman, about 23 years old;
Tom a boy, two years old; and Lettice a girl child, about
8 months old: all levied upon as the property of Jo! ln
McDearmid, to satisfy one fi fa. issued out of Irwin 8n.
perior Court, iu favor of Snider & Ni 'hols vs John Mc
Dearmid and Duncan McDearmid; property pointed
out by defendant.
JF-SSE C. SUMNER, Sheriff.
Jan. 14,1843. 32
Administrator's Sale.
U NDER an order of the honorable Infer.or Court of
Cobb county, when sitting for ordinary purposes,
will be sold on the first Tuesday in April next, hefore the
Court house door, in Cobb county, within die usual
hours of sale, lot of land No. G30, in the 2d district of the
3d section, lying in Cobb county: property belonging to
the estate of Janies Steel, deceased.
ISAAC STEEL, Adm’r.
Jan. 13.1843. 32
Administrator’s Sale.
A GREEABLE to an order of the honorable the In
ferior Court of Cobb county, when sitting for or
dinary purposes, will be sold on the first Tuesday in May
next, hefore the Court house door, iu Union county, lot
of land No. 45, in the 8lhdistrictand lstscction; belong
ing to the estate of Robert Groves, deceased, sold for
the benefit of the heirs and creditors of said deceased.
JOHN W. GROVES. ? .
WILLIAM F. GROVES, j A
Jan. 17.1843-
Adm'rs.
Adnirs.
Administrator's Sale.
A GREEABLE to an order of the honorable the In
ferior Court of Cohli county, when sitting for ordi
nary purposes, will be sold hefore the Court house door,
iu the town of Marietta, in said county, on the first
Tuesday in April next, the following lots of land to-v.it:
1076,1075, 997. in the 17th district of the 2d section;
also one half of lot No. 1193, in the Kith district of the
2d section; also one negro girl. Ail of the above prop
erty belonging to the estate of Robert Groves, deceased.
Sold for the benefit of the heirs an creditors of said de
ceased.
JOHN W. GROVES,
WILLIAM F. GROVES.
Jan. 17, 1843. 32
Executor's Sale.
W ILL be sold before the Court house door, in the
county of Campbell, on the first Tuesday iu
March next, between the ustia 1 hours of sale, by virtue
of an order from the honorable the Inferior Court of
said county, while sitting as a Court of ordinary, the fol
lowing property, fo-wit: five lots of land, viz: 8ti, 87,
101, 110 and 1)2. in the first district nnd fifth section, o f
originally Carroll comity, but now Campbell county,
containing 202 1-2 acres each; also two negroes, viz:
Jefferson a boy, about 12 or 14 years of age. and Febea
girl, about 10 years of age; all sold as the property of
Stephen James, late of Campbell county, deceased, sold
for the benefit of the heirs and creditors of said dee d.
Terms of sale made known ou the dav
JOHN GANN, Exo r.
Jan. 4,1843. 32
Executor's Sale.
W ILL be sold on the first Tuesday in April next,
before the Court bouse door, in Marietta, Cobb
county, between the usual hours of sale, the following
tots of land, viz; 244.260 and 261. in the 17th district
and 2d section of originally Cherokee, hut now Cobb
county, containing 40 acres each; all sold as the proper
ty of Stephen James, late of Campbell countv,deceased,
sold for the benefit of the heirs and creditors of said de
ceased. Terms made known on the day.
JOHN GANN, Exe’r.
Jan. 4, 1843. 32
Cciitrnl Bank money Wanted.
TT? 11E subscriber offers for sale two plantations, in the
_I. county of Floyd; one containing six hundred and
forty acres, excellent upland, with 250 acres cleared laud,
and other good improvements; the other on Coosa river,
three miles below Rome, containing 160 acres almost
entirely low grounds of the first quality, 80 acres under
cultivation, and tolerably well improved otherwise; also
five town lots in the village of Rome, three of which is
improved for the purpose of keeping entertainment, one
other having thereon a large store house on the main
street, aud tiie other with buildings suitable (or a me
chanic. Much lower prices will be asked in Central
Bank money for these premises than had been offered
for them three vears ago iu par money.
MOSES M. LIDDELL.
Jan. 15, 1843. 32—6t
Office Bank or Darieu, 1
MILLEDGEVILLE, January 13,1843. j
A I-I. persons indebted to the Bank of Darien or
Branches, are hereby notified, that all paper now
due nnd unpaid, will he placed in the hands of attorneys
lor collection, if not paid previous to the return day of
the next Term of the Superior Courts.
31—7t. J. R. ANDERSON, Agent
January 17, 1843.
FORTY PACKAGES NEW GOODS
OPF.NING AT
10.000
onr own Supreme Court, and by the Supreme Court
of the United States. That high tribunal made a deci
sion at its last January term, which goes the whole length
of declaring our laws repugnant to the constitution, and
consequently void. After the question has been thus
settled in the mode prescribed hy the constitution, I sub
mit whether these laws ought any longer to have a place
upon the statute book. It does not become us as a
member of the confederacy to hold a language to our
sister States which they may dpem offensive, and which
the common arbiter between us has declared to be re
pugnant to the national compact.
“I will not discuss the question of slavery. The ab
stract right to hold any man in bondage is a question up
on which in this State there is no diversity of opinion.
We have happily relieved ourselves from the evils of
slavery. But we have no right to interfere with that ln-
YARDS 3-4 Browu Homespuns,
at 0-14 cts per yard.
5000 yards 4-4 brown homespuns, at 8cts pr yd;
Bales red Ticking, at 15c do
fOO dozen Ladies white cotton hose, at 12 1-2 pr pair;
do black, white and slate do. fine, 25 do
Brown cotton Jeans and Drills, at 12 l-2c pr yd;
150 pieces Fancy Prints, at 12 1-2 lo 18c do
50 do Black Linen Thread ;
Black sewing Silk;
1 Bale Plaid Littseys, at 25c do
Bleached Shirtings. very fine at 15c do
>50 Gro Lasting and Velvet Coat Buttons;
All wool Red Flannels, at 25 a 31c do
do white do at 25 a 31c do
Bl’k and col’d English Merino, 31 to 100 do
1 125 Worsted aud cotton Shawls, from 25c to $3.
Negro Kersey s. at 31c pr yd;
i White cotton" Cambrics, at 25 a 37c do
Plaid do do do do do
Col’d tlo do 12c do
20 doz. Servant’s Handkerchiefs, nt 25 a 31c pr ps;
Good mixed Satiuetls, at 62 1-2 a 75c pr yd;
lOO doz. Taylor's Spool Cotton,
Brown Linens, for children’s aprons, &c.
Fine Bird’s-eye Diaper. at 371 c.
Gent's blk. & col'd. Kid Gloves, at $1,00.
Super, silk pocket Ildks. at 021 to 100.
Super. Beaver Hats, at $7,00.
Do Silk do at $3,50.
The above mentioned Goods are now opening, togeth
er with many others; all of which will be sold at these
“very astonishing” low prices, for ckntrai, monet.
Persons in want of Dry-Goods, will do well to call at
the Sign of the “New Dry-Goods Store,” where more
Goods can be bought for one dollar in Central Money,
than can be had at any otlierstorc in the interior of Qeor-
gia for $1,00 specie.
Please call and see, next door to the Po3t-Oflice.
E. W. BANCROFT.
January 17, 1342. 31
Assignee’s Sale.
O N the first Tuesday in February next, will be sold
before the Court house door, in Thotnasville,
Thomas county, between the usual hours of sale, the
following real estate of R. V. Newman, a decreed Bank
rupt, viz: lots Nos. 2, and 3, in square letter K. aod
No. 2, iu square letter 8, containing one half acre more
or less, in tne town of Thomasvillc; also lot No. I. in
square No. 6, range No. 3, South of Broad street, in the
town of Magnolia, Leon county, Florida, acres un
known. Purchasers will pay for titles.—Terms cash,
bankable money in Savannah or Augusta.
F.LZY THOMAS, Agent of M. Myers.
Gen’I. assignee in Bankruptcy, for the Dist. of Georgia.
Jan. 16,1843. 32—ol
Georgia. DcKalb county.
W HEREAS, Hilliard J. Fowler, applies to me for
letters of administration, on the estate of Minty
Fowler, kite of said county, dec’d.
These are therefore, to cite and admonish, all anti sin
gular, the kindred and creditors of said deceased, to be,
and appear at my office, within the time prescribed by
lavv. to show cause, if any exist, why said letters should
not be granted.
Given under my band at office, 16th Jannaay, 1843.
32 E. B. REYNOLDS,c.c o.
Georgia, Baker county.
W HEREAS, Seaborn B Grimmett, applies to me
for letters of administration, on the estate of Rob
ert C. Grimmell, late of said county, dec’d.
These are therefore to cite and admonish, all and sin
gular, the kindred and creditors of said deceased, to be
and appear at my office, within the time prescribed hv
law, to show cause if any exist, why said letters should
not be granted.
Given under my hand at office, this 14th Jammy.
1843.
32 ROBERT HARDIE, c.r.
Jasper Inferior Court sitting fur ordinary purposes,
January Term, 1843.
t TPON the petition of ShadrachMcMichael, security
I for Jefferson Clay on his bond, made payable lo
the Honorable the Justices of the Inferior Court ol" Jas
per county; conditioned for the faithful performance of
his duties as guardian of Francis, Caroline, and stisin-
orphans and minors of Joel McLendon, late of said coun
ty, deceased, complaining that the said Jefferson Clay
is mismanaging the estate of said orphans and minor*
Ordered by the Court that the said Jefferson Clay.guar
dian as aforesaid, be and appear either iu person or by
attorney, at the next term of this Court, to be bet ""
the first Monday in March next, then anil there to sho'*
cause, why his guardianship should not be revoked: 0°“
that a copy of this order be served upon the said Jelier-
son Clay, personally at least twenty days before the-’’
ting of said Court: aud it is further ordered, that
said Jefferson Clay, has removed out of the limits ol
county or State, or abscond or conceals himself, arswu 1
ill defiance of a peace officer, that service of this or U
be perfected upon said Clay by publication in oik 01
tiie public Gazettes of this Slate, at least three tmir ". 0 f
A true extract from the minutes of said Court 13
record in my office.
Jan. 16, 1843.
SAM E D.
VARNER.c.c o.
32—a.
Cobh Court of ordinary, January Term. I'J ’-
HFREAS, Wiliiam Morgan, has petitionedWf
— 1 i> . \ *..vH|tM
Court in terms ol the lavv, to direct Amu® 1
Chambers, administratrix, of the estate ot ^er®'
Chambers, late of this-county, deceased, to make ' 3
to him for two lots of and, lying iu the sixteenth de
of the second section; which lots of land are known
the Nos. 162, and 163, each containing 40 acres u'
or less, according to a bond or obligation entereo_tt> f -
the said Lerov J. Chambers, deceased, ill his hie •
with one William Bersan. and which bonds has
assigned to the said William Morgan, who is no'
holder thereof: it is therelore ordered, by the v- .
that all persons interested, do file and make kmi*®
objections, lo the granting the application of t m - B
William Morgan, if any they have or know- r
three months next, after the publication ol this ^
and it is further ordered by the Court, that this ° r ' 1I1S
published for three months in a public Gazette, 10
of the law.
A true extract from the minutes of Court- 0
DANIEL COLLINS,
Jan. 13,1843.
F OUR months after date application vv.it
to the honorable Inferior Court of J0 < e ll three
when sitting for ordinary purposes, for le»‘ e i, e r
negroes: one a woman, about 20 years o • . ,| ltf
two children—one a boy, about 4 months
other a girl, about 3 years oid. Said negro > | jte of
to the estate of Repsama Dawson, decern ,
MCLACHiMwSfi'”'