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CiJlPBKl' 1 ' & ABJISTBOHG .
Editors and Proprietors.
TERUlS.
iFBDBii.31L &y*©* T
Ii published weekly.m tbe Darit'.n Bank Building,
’J'hrkk Dollars perannum. payable in advance,or
I'.ii R Dollars ifuot paid before llie end ofIhcyear.
\ i subscription wiltJbe received for less than a year,
n ,r wHI anv paper be discontinued until nil arrear-
„*tsare paid.
" file paper will not be senttoany person oulorthc
• Ltate, untikhesubscription money is paid in advance,
or satisfactory reference given.
\nvERTisEMEvrs conspicuously inserted at the
rales Those sent without a specification oftbe
,n itr of insertions, will be published until ordered
" , and charged accordingly.
s lies of laud and negroes, by Administrators. Fx-
, liters, or Guardians, are required by law to beheld
llie first Tuesday in tbe month, between the hours
ten in the forenoon and three in the afternoon, at
Jile Court-House in the county in which the property
. situated.
Notice ofthese sales must be given in a public g:i-
,! tu s i r t:/ days previous to the day of sale.
Notices for the sale of personal properly must be
rleii in like manner, Forte lavs pievious to the day
° Notices to the debtors and cieditorsof an estate
in u -1 also be published forty days.
Notice that application will be made to the Court
of O, Imary, for leave to sell Land or Negroes, must
l )C published for four months.
INririovs for letters of Administration. innsl be
Mulied thirty days—for dismission from Admin
ssion from
MX0W.
VOL. XVII.]
mtEDGfEmi.r, GEonai.i, jua'e i, isir.
[MO. 91.
Laws of the United Slates,
PASSED AT THE SECOND SESSION OE THE
TWENTY NINTH CONGRESS.
[Public—No. G3]
\N ACT to establi-li certain post routes and for
olher purposes.
Be. il cr.octtdby the. Senate and House of RcpreScvta
j tires of the United Steitcs of Anuri a in Congress as-
nth!if six months—for di
(Juirdi.uis’lnpf./of/i/ days. I sen. bled, That the following le established as post-
Kui.r.3 for foreclosure of mortgage must be pub-| roa(is .
fished monthly for four months—for establishing lost
•nners, for the full space of three months—for coni-
' Uing’ titles from Executors or Administrators,
Ivherea bond has beeu given by the deceased, the full
space of three months.
Publications will always be continued according
o these, ihe legal requirements, unless otherwise or-
i pr ( i ’ nolia, to Jasper, by the present State r«
atten- | From Evansville, Y’amleiburg con
Indiana, and
ill receive prompt ;
All b isiness of this kind
ion at the Federal Union Office.
Letters on business must be post paid to entitle
the
to attention.
A. RUSSEL KELLAM,
attorney at law,
II
Ari removed to, and is permanently located in,
Diblis, Laurens County,and willcontinne to
[<;t all business entrusted to his charge, with de-
; October 6,1346. 17—1dm
GIBSON CLARK,
A TTORNE Y A T LA IF.
iUtteon, Georgia.
M ir- h -. I-I~. 39
Denslovv &, Webster’s j
4"iicultm al utsdSecfl W are House,
AND
Painters' and Glaziers' Furnishing Store. I
SAVANNAH, O A.
mUVNKFUL for the increased patronage from
I the int rior of the Stale, tbe subscribers take
i- method to inform Planters and Merchants in the j
rtur that they have made large additions to their 1
i'll -ncr assortment, and will continue to improve the j
\ cultural Branch as fast as the demanc will warrant. I
V'fic:iltu: :ii Implements, Tools, Ac
Cottuuuu Yankee Cast Iron Ploughs, Acs. M, II,and
Corn, for 1 horse. ^ )
Common Yankee Cast Iron Ploughs, Nos. Id 20 and j
seed for 2 horse.
Common Yankee Cast Iron Ploughs, No. 0 Sub j
Soil, for I lmrse.
Uruut.Es’ Nut use's and Mason’s—
Improved cast Ploughs,’A 1,6 inches, 7 to , and No. '
i;, for I horse.
Improved Cast Ploughs, Nos. A. t>, 2 B.aild Fogle, |
for '2 horses. J
Improved self-sharpening Ploughs Eagle, No. l,for
Improved self sharpening Ploughs, Eagle, Nos. 2 and J
It for 2 horses.
•Sale hill Ploughs, Nos. 0 and A 1. for 1 A: 2 horses,
rinli soil ploughs, Nos. 0, 1 and 2, for 1,2 and 4
I) Mould Board Ploughs, Nos. 1 and 2 for I
and 2 horses. I
C,,fon and Rice Trenching, Nos. 1 and 2 for 1 horse, j
,\i , a or Hoe Ploughs—Wrought Iron Ploughs, Nos. j
1,2, 3 and 4. for 1 and 2 horses.
Improved Cultivator, with guage wheel. _ |
New pattern Corn and Cotton Cultivator and Scari
fier, with guage wheel—very efficient instruments
for weeding on old lands.
Sloes.
AXES, various Brands. NAILS
Trice Chains, light and heavy, straight and twisted. |
tlx and Log Chains.
timid Stones, best blue Grit, and common.
Post Morticing Axes. Turpentine Axes and Tools, j
.1 HOOD ASSORTMENT OE CARPENTERS,
TOOLS EUR PLANTATION tJSE.
ailacliincs.
Corn Shelters for h ml. a stroug, good Article.
tlo with Separater and Cleaner, for band
or horse Power.
Corn and Cob Crushers, for hand or horse power.
Grant’s celebrated Patent Fau .Mills. Common do.
Spiral Knife, Si raw and Fodder Cutters 4 sizes, for
band or horse power. These are llie most approv
ed cutters in use, and have given satisfaction vviierc-
ever used.
Common Lever Straw and Fodder Cutters.
Patent Cylinder Churns, 4 sizes,
and Corn .Mills, *2 kinds.
Vegetable Cutters, for cutting turnips and potatoes
for feeding stock. A valuable machine.
>v>*d Sowers, for Garden seeds, peas, beans, Sec.
Corn Planters.
Improved Iron Cylinder Spike 1 breaking .Machines.
Tureshing Machines with slravv Carrier,
spring-beater Threshing Machines.
Roller Colton Gins.
1 olJni" Harrows steel pointed Teeth. Common do
Mil ml l ies.
Ground Augers, (new
[concluded.]
INDIANA.
From Rock port to Newbnrg.
From Ja-per in Dubois county, to Paoli, Orange
county, via Haysville.
From Leavenworth, Crawford county, via Mag-
eut State road.
uly, via New
ille and Albion.
I Illinois, to Fairfield, Illinois.
| From Plymouth, Marshall county, to Goshen,
| Elkhart county, via the State road between those
I points.
1 From Monticello, in White county, via Wintniac,
i Pulaski county. Barber’s, Mar-hall county, and Do-
| ver.St Joseph conuty.to South Bend, in said county,
j From Door Village, Laporte county, via Bigelow’s
I mills, and John McIntosh’s, to Tassinong, Porter
J county.
j From Marion. Grant county, via Etna, to Hun
tington, Huntington comity.
From .Middletown, Henry county, via Yorktown,
to Wheeling. Delaware county.
From Marion, Grant countv, to Hartford, in
Blackford county.
From Lafayette, Tippecanoe county, via Rossville,
middle ford of Wild Cat on tbe Michigan road,
Richnrdville, Cocotno. to Marion, Grant county.
From Frankfort, Clinton county, to Canton, Tip- I
ton county.
From New Trenton, Franklin county, via South
Gate, ICilrail, and Suintnau’s to Napoleon, Ripley
county.
From Bowling Green, Clay county, to Point Com
merce. Green county.
From Hagerstown. Wayne county, to Winchester.
Randolph comity.
From Aurora, Dearborn county, via Wilmington
and Moor's Hill, to Versailles. Ripley county.
From Lawreucebarsh, via Wilmington, Dilisboro’,
Hart’s mills. Cross Plains, and Canaan, to Madison
Jefferson county.
From Vernon, Jennings comity, up the valley of
Big Otter, to Otter village.
From Charlestown to New Albany.
TENNESSEE.
From Double Springs. Jackson county, via Poplar
Shade, to Smitliville, De Kalb county.
Fiom Whitley sville, via Witcher’s Cross Roads, to
Lafayette.
From Bean's Station. Tennessee, via Morristown,
to the mouth of Chucky.
From Columbia, Maury county, to Williamsport
said .
From Spencer, via Wallsbridge, Isaac Miller’s,
crossing Collin’s r.vcr at the Flat Simula, to Smith-
\ ille.
From Benton, Polk comity, Tennessee, to Cohutta
Springs, Georgia.
From Raleigh, via Potersville, to Covington, dis
continuing. the present route from Randolph to Bell-
mont.
From Raleigh, through Portcrsville. Covington,
and Ripley, to Dversburg.
From Smitliville, via Mechanicsville, to Wood-
bui
From Sjiarta, up the Calf Killer river to its source,
thence crossing the old Walton road, west of Robert
Officer’s, via James M- Goodbai’s, Magnus Looper’s,
to West Fork Post Office.
From Fayetteville, Lincoln comity, via Cold Wa
ter and Kelly's creek, on the south side of Elk tiver,
to Elklon, in Giles county.
KENTUCKY.
From Columbus, via Blandvillc, to Paducah.
From Paducah, via Benton, Waidsboro’, and Mur
ray, to Paris, in Tenne?
Lovelaceville, Blandvillc, and
Milbtir
Fron
Fi on
Iron
D\ Yokes, complete,
Swingle Trees,
Improved Grain Cradles
pattern,)
Dirt Scrapers,
Patent Seville*, | Cotton and Store Trucks.
Grass and*Bush Scvihes, | Wheel Barrows,
Briar Hooks. * I Shovels and Spades,
Reap Hooks, or Sickles Manure and Hay Forks,
Frees. | Cast Iron Segments for
Iron Wedges, I Gin Gear, «fcc., Slc.,
Garden Implements, | &c., iVc ,
Seeds.
\ complete assortment of Garden Seeds, in bu.k*
and in papers, lor retail trade.
Works ou Agriculture, raising ol stock, &c.
Agents for fli<‘ Sale oi
Fitzgerald's Patent Burr Stonf. portable
Mills fur grinding Corn. Wheat, &c.—several of
wi, Ii are now in use in different parts ol this State.
IVre and warranted.
Faikuxsk s Platform Scales, which, for dura-
b.’.ity and accuracy, are superior to any in use. For
5 iV at New York and Boston prices.
Gouhyear’s Mktalic Gum-Elastic Machine
H j ri\ti. which, for all purposes, except light cross
f j ' : ni r ls superior to leather, as it docs not stretch or
slide Tin the pu!ly—*2. 4, 51,6£,7,9,10 and P2 inches,
on hand at Boston prices. I
Pi inters call rest assured that lor all ploughs sold
by IK they call procure any part of the cast iron woik
il wanted for repair. No pains will be spared to |
pr i'’urc new and improved impletuentsaiid machines. J
for sale at reasonable prices. Orders thankfully j
received and promptly attended to.
23, 1~47.
Paducah. %
. to Clinton.
Prestom-burg to Hazzard. Perry comity.
Princeton to the Empire Iron Woiks.
West Liberty, via Little Sandy, bead of
Paint, to Paintsvitle.
From Smithland, via Benton, to Mayfield.
From Pikeville. Kentucky, via \\ hitesburg and
Pound, to Bickley’s Mills, in Virginia.
From Blandv die, via Hazle Creek, (Keutucky,) to
Caledonia. Illinois.
From Eddyville, via Benton, to Mayfield.
From Prestonsburg, Kentucky, to Logan Court
House, Virginia.
From Rome post office, in Knox comity, via Dan
iel Baker’s, to the steam m.II, in Clay county.
From Boonsville to levi Pennington’s.
From Piketon, via month of Pond Creek, to Lo
gan Court House, Virginia.
From Princeton, via Wallonia, to Cadiz.
! From Russellville, in Logan county, via Franklin.
Simpson county, Scottsville, Allen county, Tomp-
j kinsville. Monroe county, to Livingston, Tennessee.
From Hickman, via ‘Feliciana and Mayfield, to
I Paducah.
! From CaseyvilJe. via Cypress and O. P. Gris
I wold’s, to Providence.
From Madisonville, via Ashbysburgh, to Owens
boro’.
OHIO
From Kinsman, via Jolinstonville, t<> Warren.
From Steubenville, via Browning’s Mills, on Island
Creek, Knoxville, New Sointnersel, Mitchell’s Salt
Works, Moore’s Salt Works, Croxton, Salineville,
and Gaver’s to New Lisbon.
From Columbus, via New Albany, Johnstown,
Utica. M irtinsburg, Bladensburg. East Union, and
West Bedford, to Roscoe, Coshocton county.
From Columbus Grove. Putnam comity, to Water-
ville, Lucas county.
From New Philadelphia, Tuscarawas county, via
Joseph Mnrphey’s and Rogersville, to Chili, Coshoc
ton county-
From Locust Grove, Adams county, via Marble
Furnace, Tranquillity, Youngsville, to Eckmans-
vi lie.
From Cleveland, via Royalton, Ilinkley, Granger,
and Sharon, to Wadsworth.
From Sidney, via Palestine, to Urbina.
From Cleveland, via Gates’s Mill. Munson. Clari-
don. Hmitsburg. Windsor, to Meadville, in Pennsyl-
37—tf.
Prom Ithaca. Darke county, through New Balti
more and Philipsbnrg, to Union, in Montgomery
comity.
From Lowell, Washington county, via Reigner’s
mills, Jackson and Olive townships, iu Morgan coun
ty. to Sharon.
From Ashland, Ashland county, via Jeromeville,
Mohecanville. to Loudenville. Richland comity.
From Canal Fulton, in Stark county, to Ashland,
iu Ashland county.
From St. John’s, in Allen comity, via Frysburg, to
Dinsmoore. in Shelby comity
From Marion, in tbe county of Marion, via Ken-
W OULD respectfully iufitrm the Ladies and ! ««». i" Hardin county, Hunlersville.and Lima, in Al-
Gentlemen or Miliedaeville and its vicinity. ! len countv. to section ten, on the Miami canal.
From Xenia, in Green county, through Famters-
villc, in the same comity, to Port William, in Clinton
comity.
From Jackson, in Jackson county, by the way of
Vinton, to Cheshire, in Gallia county.
From Nashpoit, in Licking county, via Elizabeth
town, to Hanover
From Woodville, in Sandusky county, via Hart
ford and Port Clinton, in Otto way county, to San
dusky city.
From Bethel. Clermont county, via Brownsville,
my*
Brown county, via Weslbo-
^r^wards*to^be present” that the School miy be or'- j to Cuba, in Clinton county,
g^r.ized at once, and no time of the session he lost, j MICHIGAN.
One week recess will be given, during the warm- i From Grand Haven to Milwaukic, State of Wis-
weather of the Summer. i cousin.
II. J OSBORNE, Principal.
^Milkdgeville, May 24,1S47. oh—4t
Georgia, Madison Comity*
WHEREAS. Mary Hartt and Harris J. Hnrtt, j From Washington to the county seat of Jasper
have applied to me for letters of administra-
MILLINER AND fvlANTUAMAKER. I
nits. S. A. sncLKTON
r OULD respectfully inform the Ladies and
Gentlemen of MiUedgeville and its vicinity, !
that she is now prepared to BLEACH and DRESS j
BONNETS and SUMMER IIATS. Persons at ;
a distince should they send, with written directions, \
will meet with the same attention as personal applica- I
4.1617
4t—17
M1LLEBGEV1LLE
FEMALE ACADEMY.
^ BUIE Exercises of this Institution will be resumed ’ ... . ..
5 an Monday the seventh day of June. On which lo Jeesbnrpli. in Brown
(lav it is Imped that patrons will caii-e tlieir daughters : _ * ^,??vi te : T .! In'n^I
I From Owosso, in the county of Shiewassec, to
I Lynos, in the county of Ionia.
' IOWA.
t‘hi. with the will annexed, on the estate of Archibald
IRrtt. late of said county, deceased.
I he«e are therefore, to cite and admonish, nil and
insular, the kindred and creditors of said deceased,
t0 " e and appear at my office within the time pre-
sC nbed by law, to shew cause, if any they have, why
* letters of Administration should not be granted.
,|Ve, i under my hand, at office, this May 15, 1647.
50 RICHD. B.GHOLSTON, c. c. o.
county
From Tipton, via Pioneer Grove, to the county
seat of Benton county.
From Oskaloosa, via Eddyville, to Clarksville, in
Monroe county.
From Ottumwa to the county seat of Appenoose
county.
From Burlington to Keosanqua.
From Jacksonville, via Mononah and McGregor’s
landing, to Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin Territory.
From Keokuk, via Fairfield, Ottumwa, and Oska
loosa. to the Barracks, at the Racoon Fork of the
Dee Moines river.
From Wapello, via Columbus city, to Iowa city.
From O-ikaloosa to Newton city, in Jasper conutv.
From Canton. Jackson county, via Pioneer Grove,
to Ivanhoe. in Linn county.
From Torlesboro, via Walling’s Lauding, to Bloom
ington.
From Iowa city, via the county seats of Iowa,
Powisheeck, and Jasper counties, to Fort Des Moines,
the county seat of Polk county.
From Fairfield to Bloomfield.
From Iowa city, via Tipton and Dewit, to Albany,
I llinois.
From Dubuque to Fort Atkinson.
From Burlington, via Columbus city*, Hillsboro,
and Port Allen, to Iowa city.
From Keokuk, via Charleston, Winchester, Bir
mingham. Agency city, Delonesa, Oscaloosa, to Fort
Des Moines, county seat of Polk county.
TEXAS.
From Liberty to Beaumont.
From Buffalo (on Trinity river) to Springfield.
From Greenwood, Louisiana, via Mount Mourne.
Grand Bluffs, and Pine Hills, in Panoia county, and
Rhodes, to Gaye’s Post Office, Rusk county.
From Lagrange via Scallon's, Hamlet, and Cedar
creek, to San Marco.
From Galveston, via Virginia Toiiit Liverpool,
Hinds, Brazoria, and Caney, lo Matagorda.
From Mansfield, Louisiana, via Exekiel Jones’, A.
G. Turneys, Edward Smiths’, and John Grave’s, to
Marshall.
WISCONSIN.
From Falls of St. Croix, to Lapointe, in St. Croix
county.
From Rochester, iu Racine county, to Sugar Creek,
in Walworth county.
From Galena, State of Illinois, via New Diggings,
to Mineral Point, in Iowa county.
From Potosi, Grant county, via Platteville, Head
of Platte, Blue. River, and Muscoday, iu Iowa couuty,
to the county seat of Richland county.
From Racine, in Racine county, to Beloit in Rock
county.
From Southport, iu Racine county, via Beloit.
Rock conty, to White Dak Springs, in Iowa county.
From Janesville, via Catfish in Rock county, to
Christiana, in Dane county.
From Racine, in Racine county, to Whitewater, in
Walworth county.
From Prairieville, Waukesha county, via Peman-
kie and Warren, to Rubicon, in Washington county.
From Janesville, iu Rock county, via Exter and
Yellow Stone, in Green county, to Mineral Point, in
Iowa county.
From Madison. Dane county, via Cross Plains,
Groetsville, Reeveviile. and Helena, to Dodgeville,
in Iowa county.
From Monroe. Grceii couuty, via Greenville, to
Blue Mounds, in Iowa county.
From Milton, Rock county, via Goodrich’s Ferry,
to Cottage Grove, iu Dane county.
From Madison. Dane county, to Prairie du Chien,
in Crawford county.
From Madison, Dane county, via Watertown, to
Milwaukie ’in Milwaukic county.
From Prairie du Chien lo Cassville, in Grant
county.
From Watertown, Jefferson county, to Waupan,
Fond du Lac couuty.
From Watertown to Foud-du-Lac, in Fond-du-Luc
couuty.
From Janesville, Rock county, \ ia Lima, to White-
water, in Walworth county.
From Janesville, via Indian ford, to Madison,
Dane county.
From Beloit, via Monroe, in Green county, and
Winslow, to Galena, Illinois.
From Beloit, Rock county, to Mineral Point, Iowa
coumy.
From Plover Portage to Big Bull Falls, in Portage
county.
From Manitowoc rapids, via Manitowoc, to twin
livers, in Manitowoc county.
From Milwaukie, via West Bend, in Washington
county, to Foud-du-Lac, in Foud-du-Lac county.
From Green Bay to Meuomorie city, in Brown
couuty.
From Green Lake, in Marquette county, via coun
ty seat of Winnebago county, ta Green Bay, iu
Brown couuty.
From Sac Prairie, by Barahoo, to Fort Winne
bago.
From Grafton, by Rubicon, in Washington county,
and Hustis Rapids, to Oak Grove, Dodge county.
From Oak Grove, in Dodge county, via Burnett
and Chester, to Wampum, in Fond-du-Lac county.
From Potosi to Lancaster, in Grant county.
From Dubuque, Iowa, via Wild’s Ferry and Po
tosi. to Platteville.
From Green Bay, via Thompson’s Mills, to Plover
Portage.
From Fort W’innebago, via the county seat of
Wioriebago county, to Neenah.
From Summit, via Ocnnetuawasand Hustis Rapids,
to the county seat of Dodge county.
From Prairieville, via Pewankie, Lisbon, V\ arren,
Erie, Wright, to Addison, Washington county.
From Janesville, v.a Fulton and Cooksville, to
Rutland, in Dade county.
From Big Foot, via Solon, Antioch, Angola, ai.d
Franklin, lo little Fort, Illinois.
From Oak Grove, via Laurel and Elhah, in Dodge
comity, to Columbus, in Columbia county.
OREGON.
From Oregon City, via Fort Vancouver and Fort
Nesqtially, to the mouth of Admiralty inlet.
From Oregon city, up the Willamette valley, Lo the
Kaiauiet river, in the direction of San Frisco.
Stc. *2. And be it further enacted, That the above
routes shall so into operation on the first day of July,
eighteen hundred and forty-seven, or sooner, should
the funds of the department justify* the same: Pro
vided, That as soon as a responsible contractor shall
offer to transport the math over any portion of the
routes included in this bill, for the revenuesarising
therefrom respectively, the Postmaster General shall
have the power forthw ith to put them under contract. |
Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That the Post- j
master General be, and he hereby is, authorized anil ;
directed to cause a mail to be transported once a week, j
and oftener, if he shall think the public interest re- j
quires it. from New Orleans, via Galveston, Pass® J
Gallo, Brasosde St. I ago, to Tampico, with return ;
mails, the service to be performed by contract, or by ;
the use of the public steamers now in the service of j
the War Department iu the Gulf of Mexico, with the ;
consent oftbe bead of that Department* and for this ;
service the sum of thirty thousand doilars is hereby 1
ap propriated,
Sec. 4. And be it further enacted. That all letters,
newspapers, and other packets, not exceeding in !
weight one ounce, directed te any officer, musician,
or private of the army of the United Slates in Mexico,
or at any post or place on the frontier of the United
Stales, bordeiing on Mexico, shall be conveyed in the
mail free of postage : Prodded, That all letters or
other packets directed to any person in the army
shall contain, as a part of their direction, the words,
“belonging to the army.”
Sec. 5. An • be it further enacted. That the two
preceding sections shall continue in force during the
present war, and for three months after the same
may be terminated, and ho longer.
Sec. 0. And be it further enacted. That the Post
master General be, and he is hereby, authorized to
contract for transporting a mail from Charleston,
South Carolina, to Chagres, touching at St Augus
tine and Key West, and also at Havana, in the Island
of Cuba, if deemed expedient, and across the isthmus
to Panama, and from thence to Astoria, or the mouth
of the Columbia river, touching at Monterey, St.
Francisco* and such other places on the coast as the
Postmaster General may direct; the mail to he con
veyed from Charleston to Chagres. and from Panama
lo Astoria, in steamships, and to he Iransported each
way once every two months, or oftener, as the public
interest may require* Provided, r Ihat the expendi
ture for said service shall not exceed one hundred
thousand dollars per annum.
Sec. 7. And be it further enacted. That the Post
master General be. and he is hereby, authorized to
establish a post office and appoint a deputy post
master at Astoria, and such other places on the coast
.of the Pacific, within the territory of the United
States, as tiie public interest may require: that all
letters conveyed to or from Chagres shall be charged
with twenty cents postage; and all letters conveyed
to or from Havana shall be subject to twelve and a
half certs postage; atid letters carried to or from
Panama, shall pay a postage of thirty ceuts and letters to
or from Astora. or any olherplace on the Pacificcoast,
within the territory of the United States, shall pay
forty cents postage.
Sec. 8. And be it further enacted. That any contract
made in pursuance of this act shall provide for the
purchase, by the United States, of the Steamships to
be employed in conveying the mail, at its option,
agreeably to the provisions of an act, entitled “An
act to provide for the transportation of the mail be
tween the United States and foreigu countries, and
for oilier purposes.” approved the third day of March,
one thousand eight hundred and forty-five: Pro
dded, That the departure and return of said mail
may, at the discretion of the Postmaster General, be
either from Charleston, New York, Savannah. Pen
sacola, or New Orleans, as may be deemed most con
sistent with the public interest.
Sec. 9. And be it further enacted, That the sum of
thirty thousand dollars be, and the same is hereby ap-
„ -r*“
\ pfopnated fortn« ser>:ce herein provided for, to be
| paid from the general appropriation for mail traus-
j portation.
! Sec. 10. And be it further enacted. That the Post-
! master General be authorized and directed, when in
i bis judgment the public interest or convenience rnay
I require it, to establish one or more branch post of
fices, to facilitate the operation of the post office in
any city or place which, in the opinion of the Post
master General, may require such additional accom
modation for the convenience of the inhabitants; and
it shall be the duly of the Postmaster General to pre
scribe the rules and regulations for the branch post
cilices which may be established by virtue of this act;
and no additional postage shall be charged for the re
ceipt or delivery of any letter or packet at such branch
post office.
S'EC. 11. And be it further enacted. That to facili
tate the transportation of letters in the mail, the Post
master General be authorized to prepare postage
stamps, which, when attached to any litter or packet,
shall be evidence of the payment of the postage
chargeable on such letter, w hich said stamps the Post
master General may deliver to any deputy postmaster
who may apply for the same, the deputy postmaster
paying, or becoming accountable for the amount ol
the stamps so received by him: and if any of said
stamps shall not be used, but be returned to the Gen
eral Post Office, the amount so returned shall he
creai'ed to such deputy postmaster; and such deputy
postmaster inav sell or depose of any stamps so re
ceived by him, to any person who may w ish to use
the saint; but it shall not be lawful for any deputy
postmaster to prepare, use. or dispose ofany postage
stamps not authorized by and receive from the Post
master General; aud any person w ho shall falsely and
fraudulently make, utter, or forge any postage s\amp,
with the intent to defraud the Post Office Depart
ment, shall be deemed guilty of felony, and on Con
viction shall he subject to the same punishment as is
provided in the twenty first section of the act approv
ed the third day of March, eighteen hundred and tvveir-
tv-five, entitled “An act to reduce into one the several
acts establishing and regulating the Post Office De
partment.”
Sfc. 12. And be it further enacted, That so much
of the sixth section of the act to which tliis is supple
mentary as requires the Postmaster General to cause
accounts ol the postage that would be chargeable by
the rates prescribed m said act upoa all matter pas-
j5<ng free through the mail, and that the same shall be
paid to the Post Office Department from the contin
gent funds oftbe two Houses of Congress, and of
The other departments of the government for which
such mail service may have been performed, be and
the same is hereby, repealed; and that in lieu of such
payment, and in compensation for such mail services
as may be pel formed for the several departments of
the government, there shall be paid to the Post Office
Department, from the Treasury, for each year’s ser
vice. ihe sum of two hundred thousand dollars, which
is hereby appropriated for that purpose, out of any
unappropriated money in the treasury.
Sec. 13. And be itfuither enacted. That it shall
not he lawful to depositc in any post office, to he
conveyed in the mail, two or more letters directed to
different persons enclosed in the same envelope or
pac ket; and every person so offending shall forfeit
ihe sum of ten dollars, to be recovered by action qui
lam, one half for the use of the informer, aud the
oilier half for the use of the Post Office Department:
Prodded, That this prohibition shall not apply to any
litter or packet directed to any foreign country; and
all newspapeis couveyed in lha mail shall be subject
to postage, except those sent by way of exchange be
tween the publishers of newspapers, and except those
franked by persons enjoying the franking privilege,
and newspapeis not sent from the office of publica
tion ; and all handbills or circulars, printed or litho
graphed, not exceeding one sheet, shall be subject to
three cents postage each, to be paid when deposited
iu any post office to be conveyed in the mail; and it
shall be lawful for any contractor or mail carrier to
transport newspapers out of the mail for sale or dis
tribution to subscribers, and the Postmaster General
shall have authority to pay or cause to be paid a sum
not exceeding two cents each, for all letters or pack
ets conveyed in any vessel or steamboat not employ
ed in carrying the mail from one post or place to any
other post or place in the United States, subject to
such regulators as the Postmaster General may pre
scribe; and such publications or books as have been
or may be published, procured, or purchased by or-
d r of either House ol Congress, or a joint resolution
of the two Houses, shall be considered as public
documents, aud entitled to be franked as such; and it
shall not be lawlul to make any allowance or com
pensation to deputy po.-tmasters in addition to their
commissions as authorized by law, excepting the re
ceipts from boxes, cf which all beyond two thousand
dollars shall he applied in defraying the expenses of
their offices, and to be accounted lor in the satire man
ner as they are required to account for their com
missions, and excepting the special allowance made
by law to the postmasters at Washington city and
New Orleans.
Sec. 1 4. And be it farther enacted, That so much
of the act approved the third day ol March, A- D.
eighteen hundred and forty-five, entitled -• An net to
reduce the rates of postage, to limit the use and cor
rect the abuse of ihe franking privilege, and for the
prevention of frauds on the Post Office Department,”
aud of all other acts relating to the Post Office De
partment. as is consistent with this act, be, and the
same are hereby, repealed.
JOHN W. DAVIS,
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
GEORGE M. DALLAS,
President of the Seriate.
Approved, March 3, 1847.
JAMES K. POLK.
[Public—No. 04.]
AN ACT to amend an act entitled “An act to amend
•An act to carry into effect in the States of Alaba
ma and Mississippi ihe existing compacts with those
States with regard to the five per cent, fund and
the school reservations.’”
Be, it enacted by the Senate and House of Represen
tatives of the United States of America in Congress as
sembled, That the provisions of “An act to amend an
act entitled ‘An act to carry into effect in the States of
Alabama and Mississippi the existing compacts with
those States with regard to the five per cent, fund
and the school reservations,’ ” approved February
twenty-six, eighteen hundred and forty-five, be, and
the same are hereby, extended so as to enable tbe
Siate of Alabama to locate a quantity of land in any
of the States or Territories equal to the quantity now
dne to the inhabitants of the township within the
Chickasaw cession within said State: Prodded, That
they shall be made subject to the restrictions and lim
itations oftbe act the title of which has been cited, as
far as the same may be applicable.
Approved, March 3, 1847.
[Public—No. 65.]
AN ACT lo authorize the constituted authorities of
the city of Dubuque, iu the Slate ol Iowa, to en
ter certain islands between the landings ol said city
and the main channel of the Mississippi river.
Be it enacted by 'he Senate and House of Representa
tives of the United States of America in Congress as
sembled, That the constituted authorities ot the city
of Dubuque, in the State of Iowa, be, and they are
hereby, authorized to enter the islands in the Missis
sippi river, opposite the said city, which are fractions
within sections nineteen and thirty, in township eighty
nine north, in range three east, and in section twenty-
five, township eighty-nine north, range two east, at
the minimum price of the public lands: Prodded,
Said entries shall be made within six months from the
passage of this act.
Approved, March 3,1647.
[Public—No. 66 ]
AN ACT to amend an act entitled “An act to provide
for the better organization of the department ol In
dian affairs,” and an act entitled “An act to regu
late trade and intercourse with the Indian tribes,
and topresjrve peace on the frontiers, approved
June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and thirty-four,
and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Represen
tatives of the United States of America in C ongress as
sembled. That the limits of each superintendency,
agency, and sub-agency shall be established by the
Secretary of War, either by tribes or geographical
boundaries; and the superintendents, agents and sub
agents shall be furnished with offices for the transac
tion of the public business, and the agents and sub
agents with houses for their residences, at the expense
of the United States; and, w ith the assent ol the In
dians, be permitted to cultivate such portions of land
as the President or Secretary of War may deem
proper.
Sec. 2 And be it further enacted. That the twentieth
section of the “act to regulate trade and intercourse
with the Indian tribes, and to preserve peace on the
frontiers,” approved June thirtieth, eighteen hundred
and thirty-four, be, and the same is hereby so amend
ed. that, in addition to the fines thereby imposed, any
person who shall sell, exchange or barter, give, or
dispose of, any sirituous liquor or wine to an Indian,
in the Indian country, or who shall introduce,or at- j
tempt to introduce, any sirituous liquor or wine into |
the Indian country, except such supplies as may be
necessary for the officers of llie United States and the
troops oftbe service, under the direction of the War j
Department, such person- on conviction thereof, be^ |
fore the proper district court of the United Stales,
shall in the former case be subject to imprisoument
for a period not exceeding two years, ana in the lat
ter case not exceeding one year, as shall be prescrib
ed by the court, according to the extent and criminal
ity of the offence. And in all prosecutions arising
under this section, and under the twentieth section of
the act to regulate trade and intercourse with the In
dian tribes, and to preserve peace on the frontiers. ap-
provedJunc thirtieth, eighteen hundred and thirty-
four, to which tliis is au auieudineut. Indians shall be
competent witnesses.
Sec. 3 And be it further enacted. That the elev
enth section of the “act to provide for the better or
ganization of the department of ludian affairs,” ap
proved Jane thirtieth, eighteen hundred and thirty-
four, he, and the same is hereby, so amended as to
provide that all annuities or other moneys, aud all
goods, stipulated by treaty to be paid or furnished to
any Indian tribe, shall, at the discretion of the Presi
dent or Secretary of War, instead pf being paid over
to the chiefs, or lo such persons as they shall desig
nate, be divided and paid over to the heads of families
and other individuals entitled to participate therein,
or with the consent ot the tribe be applied to such
purposes as will best promote the happiness aud
properity oftbe members thereof, under such regula
tions as shall he prescribed by the Secretary of War,
not inconsistent with existing stipulations. And no
such annuities, or inonevs, or goods, shall be paid or
distributed to the Indians while they are under the in
fluence ol any description of intoxicating liqu« r, nor
while tirere are good and sufficient reasons for the
officers or agents, whose duty it may be to make such
payments or distribution, for believing that there is
any species of iutoxicating liquor within convenient
reach of the Indians, nor until the chiefs and head
men of the tribe shall have pledged themselves to use
all their influence aud to make all proper exertious to
prevent the introduction and sale of such liquor in
their county; and all executary contracts made and
entered into by any Indian for the payment of money
or goods shall be deemed and held to be null and void,
and of no bindiug effeclwhatsoever.
Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That from and
after the thirtieth day of June next, one of the cleik-
ships ofa thousand dollars in the oflice oflndian af
fairs shall be discontinued, and that to the salary of
chiel clerk of said office there shall be added the sum
ot one hundred dollars, and to one of the salaries ofa
thousand dollars the sum of two hundred dollars.
Sec. 5. And be it further enacted, That in aid of
the means now possessed by the department of Indi
an affairs through its existing organization, there be,
and hereby i-\ appropriated the sum of five thousand
dollars, to enable the said department, under the di
rection of the Secretary ol War, to collect and digest
such statistics and materials as may illustrate the his
tory, the present condition, and future prospects of
the Indian tribes oflhe United States.
Sec. 6. And be il further enacted, That for the pur
chase of presents for the Camauche and other Indians
of Texas and the southwestern prairies, promised
them in eighteen hundred aud forty-six, and for the
same object the present year, tire sum of twenty thou
sand dollars be, and the same is hereby, appropriated
out ofany money iu the treasur) not otherwise ap
propriated: Provided, That so much of this amount,
not exceeding one half, as may be found necessary
ou a proper settlement of the account of Messrs. Ter
ry and brothers, be paid to them for presents which
they advanced in the year eighteen hundred and for
ty-six, the War Department not having the authority
to furnish them.
Sec. 7. And be it farther enacted. That for com
pensation ofa special agent and two interpreters for
one year, to enable the War Department to keep up
such a communication with the said Indians as may
be necessary towards the preservation of a good un
derstanding with them, and securing peace on the
frontier, the sum of three thousand six huudred aud
fifty dollars Le. and the same is hereby, appropriated
out ofany* money in the treasury not otherwise ap
propriated, and that the sum often thousand dollars
be. and the same is hereby. appropriated to carry into
effect the treaty with the Camanche and other tribes
of Indians.
Sec. 8. And be it further enacted, That the sum
of six thousaud dollars be, and the same is hereby, ap
propriated out of any money in the treasury not oth
erwise appropriated, and placed ot the discretion of
the President to defray the expenses of the commis
sion now silting under the treaty between the United
States and the Cherokee Indians of eighteen hundred
and thirty-five aud six.
Approved, March 3, 1617.
[Public—67.]
AN ACT giving the consent of Congress to an net of
the General Assembly of Virginia authorizing the
levy of tolls ou the James river.
Sec. 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United States of America in Con
gress assembled. That the consent of Congress be,
and the same is hereby, given to an act passed by the
General Assembly of the State of Virginia, on the
fifth day of March, eighteen hundred and forty-six,
entitled “An act to incorporate a company to remove
the burs in James river between the city of Richmond
and Bermuda Hundred,” and that the authority as
conferred by the said act on the company thereby
created, to demand and receive the tolls therein spe
cified on vi ssels navigating the said river, “on condi
tion only that the same shall have been made naviga
ble in any season at high water from Rochell’s land
ing at the city of Richmond to Bermuda Hundred, iu
the county of Chesterfield, by vessels drawing eleven
feel and an half foot water,” be, and the same is hereby
sanctioned aud confirmed: Provided, however, and tliis
assent is given on that express condition, that Con
gress may, at any time hereafter, repeal or modify the
provisions of this act.
Approved, March 3, 1847.
a ©js a a.
SAVING COTTON SEED.
One of the greatest disadvantages under
which llie cotton planting labors, is in re
gard to the seed we plant. The popular
notion is, that seed run out very rapidly, or
in a few years, and that a fresh supply of
“Gulf seed" is necessary to take a new start
from. Again, we hear that changing seed
among different plantations, or to and from
different kinds of soil, is of great advantage;
and again, that seed two or more years old
is far more preferable, for that the
poorest seed will not germinate. To ex
pose their egregious whims and set forth
what it is deemed the correct reasoning up
on the subject, it is not necessary for us to
speak of any particular variety of cotton
grown in this country, hut to state princi
ples equally applicable- to all.
VVliat is Gulf seed? The writer has an
extensive agricultural correspondence for
the last year or two, chiefly on tho subject
of cotton seed; and iu many letters from
planters all over the cotton region, “gulf
seed’’ are spoken of in contradistinction to
the seed of the common cotton of the coun
try, and is considered far superior. The
former is worth fifty cents to a dollar a
bushel, and the latter as much less than
nothing as the value of the labor requisite
to haul it away! There are several varie
ties of cotton in this country—first the great
mass, which may be called the common
Mexican. Then there is the Mastodon, va
rying materially from all the above. But
there is no “guf cotton” or “gulf seed" dif
ferent from that which every man has on
his plantation. The name is in almost eve
ry man’s mouth, but it has t;o representa
tive. But how came about the idea so ex
tensively of guf seed! In this «ise :
In the early history of cotton growing in
Mississippi, a few intelligent and thrifty
planters settled in Jefferson county, near
where Rodney now stands; which place
was formerly called “Petit Gulf, from an
eddy in the river just above the landing
place. These planters were among the first
who cultivated the Mexican cotton, now
chiefly raised, and which we all know su
perseded the old black seed, about thirty
years ago or a little upward. And they
understood and practiced the correct theo
ry of saving cotton seed, better than most of
their neighbors. New farmers were com
ing into the country, and the Hunts, Ma-
gruders, Freelands, and a few others were
ready to supply them with better seed than
could be procured elsewhere, because it
was saved better; and being shipped at the
Petit Gulf it after a while acquired the
name of “Gulf teed.” For many years
better seed could he procured from the
“Gulf” than elsewhere, for the reason just
stated; and subsequently from other parts
of the country, hundreds of miles distant,
seed was sent to Rodney in order that it
might therefore become “Gulf seed,” aud
which was no doubt really as good as the
best. Thus it is that thousands of planters
have paid hundreds of thousands of dollars |
to a few other planters who could see aud |
think, for cotton seed of the veri/ same kind
they had themselves in the most profuse a- j
bundance. Andifthepurchasedseedwasany
better than their own it was because it was sar t I
cd better. Oflhe common Mexican seed it i
may be truly s iid, that there may as good '
seed be raised on any plantation, from the ■
seed now on it, however much it may be
run out, as can be raised on any other plan
tation, however recently it may have been
supplied with fresh “Gulf seed.” or howev
er near it may he situated to Rodney. Tho
extreme north and south ought perhaps, to
be excluded from this tematk.
And we are perhaps mnv called upon to ‘
explain how it is that such great advantage 1
is derived from some particular mode ofsa- I
vin{j seed sometimes run out or depreciate, ;
while others do not. And it may here per- |
haps be admissible, as it will answer our
purpose as well as any way, to insert a
small paper heretofore published by the
writer on this subject.
“I have been frequently asked in relation I
to the Mastodon cotton, “Will it degener
ate?" This is considered an important
question by many persons; and not a few, I I
should think, consider that the future suc
cess of this cotton depends mainly upon the !
point. It is strange that a great error in '
regard to the matter has become so popu- ;
lar. A farmer in the South in roy opinion, j
ought to know better than to ask such ques- j
tions. It is precisely a3 philosophical as it
would be in relation lo a horse, will he be- |
come poor? With plenty of hay and oats, |
and good care, I should say he would not. :
But in the absence of these I think that '
there would be much danger that he !
would. The cotton seed notion of "run- I
ning out'' is entitled to the same kind of an
answer, and upon the same philosophical
reasons. We frequently hear a farmer say,
"My cotton seed has 1 tin out." Yes, sir,
and if you have been as careless in relation
to your pasture fence, your cattle and sheep
have "run out also.
Indian corn.—It is an error to plant seed
from States further South. Iu a cold sea
son onlv the seed of a colder climate will
ripen well.
Often breaking up a surface keeps a soil
in health; for when it lies in a hard bound
state, enriching showers run off, and the sa
lubrious air cannot enter.
Weeds exhaust the strength of the
ground, and if suffered to grow may be call
ed garden sins.
The hand and the hoe are the instruments
for eradicating weeds; yet if there is room
between the rows for a spade it is well to
use it.
Never keep your cattle short; few farm
ers can afford it. If you starve them they
will starve you.
It will not do to hoe a great field for a
little crop, or to mow twenty acres for five
loads of hay. Enrich the land and it will
pay you for it. Better farm tweuty acres
well than forty acres by halves.
Drive your business before you and it
will go easily.
In dry pastures dig for water on the
brow of a hill; springs are more frequently
near the surface on a height than in a vale.
Rain is cash to a farmer.
The foot of the owner is the best manure
for land.
Cut bushes that you wish to destroy in
the summer and with a sharp instrument;
they will bleed freely and die.
Sow clover deep; il secures it against the
drought.
Never plow in bad weather or when the
ground is very wet.
It is better to cut grain just before
it is fully or dead ripe. When the
straw immediately below the grain is so
dry lhat on twisting it no juice is expressed
it should he cut, for then the:e is no furth
er circulation of juices to the ear. Every
hour that it stands uncut after this stage is
attended with loss.
Accounts should be kept, detailing the
expenses and produce of each field.
When an implement is no longer wanted
for tiie season, lay it carefully aside but let
it be first well cleaned.
Obtain goo! seed, prepare your ground
well, sow early, and pay very little attention
to the moon.
Cultivate your own heart aright, remem
ber that “whatsoever a man sowelh, that
shall he also reap.” Do not begin farming
by building an expensive house, nor erect
ing a spacious barn until you have some
thing to store in it.
Avoid a low and damp site for a dwell
ing-house. Build sufficiently distant from
your barn and stockyard lo avoid accidents
by fire.
Keep notes of all remarkable occurrences
on your farm. Recording even your er
rors will be of benefit.
[VORTHE FEDERAL DSrOHv']
Decline or Poetry.
Oh! for the golden days of song.
When Poet true did oft prolong
His wildest lays in softest strains,
Mid mountains, gloves and grassy plains.
When minstrelsy so sweetly wove,
Enchantment round the name of love;
And nature from her deepest springs,
Re-echoed to the Poets strings.
The fiery bolts through clouds are driv’n,
The thunders voice, still rends the heav’n-
Bright stars shining, soft winds blowing.
Clear streams running, oceans roaring.
A thousand years may pass away,
The works of man may all decay;
But earth and seas and skies and man
The Poets themes, unaltered stand.
But ah! the Muse hath dropt her wings,
Thinks of the past and scarcely sings;
Heav 'nwdrd heads her longing eyes,
And mourns in vain for strength to rise.
No more a Milton’s burning lyre,
Breathes into man its kindred fire,
Aud classic Greece tbe Poets nurse,
No more resounds with Homers verse.
Ob' for a charm lo break the spell,
And bid tbe Muse again excel—
Wake each umte string to notes sublime,
And cleanse Uic darkened soul of rhyme.
Prometheus.
JOBj? jgj.ll, AggJBUa.
THE PREMATURE l T 8E OF BOOKS IN
THE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN-
BY W. F. B., FORMERLY OF VIRGINIA.
Among the advances which the present
enterprising age has made, upon that which
has just gone by, none has excited more in
terest than the facilities furnished for culti
vating the youthful mind in literature and
science. The American press teems with
hooks, “adapted in tfc*
young; while childrenTwe^Stiie age of
five or six years, are by thousands engaged
in the study of subjects, which only a few
years since were regarded as belonging to
a maturer age, and lo a higher grade of ed
ucation. Meanwhile, our young men and
maidens are no better educated than our
grandfathers and grandmothers were; and
indeed making due allowances for the
advances which science itself has made, a
comparison of real scholarship between this
generation and that which preceded it must
make us blush in view of our inferiority.—
If more of the field of learning has been ex
plored, il has been explored with far less
care, aud the several objects of interest
which this field furnishes, have been noted
with far less exactness. Who can deny
that while a much larger number
have acquired a smattering in almost
everything that can be gathered from books
few very few comparatively, are sound
Scholars in any thing]
The writer of this article, after long expe
rience in the arduous work of a Preceptor,
has come to the conclusion, that the great
error of the age consists in the premature
use of books, in the work of education. It
will he admitted by all, that nothing contri
butes more to make a man a scholar, than
to acquite a habit of thinking closely upon
every subject submitted to his investigation.
Whatever, therefore, tends to prevent the
acquisition of such a habit, cannot fail to be
injurious: and just such is the tendency of
books put into the hands ot a child, whose
mind is making its first efforts to acquire
knowledge. Without being either able or
willing lo think for himself, the child is
taught that he must rely on the statements
of the author lie reads: and very soon he ac
quires a habit of leaning upon his author,
which no aftet expostulations of his parents
or teachers can overcome. He has found
it a convenience to have otheis think for
him, and nothing will Induce him after
wards to engage in the onerous work af
thinking for himself.
In accordance with the tail-road system
of education, which distinguishes the pres
ent age, we are furnished in almost every
department pf literature with text-books,
“suited to the capacity of children.” Chil
dren are studying all tne Natural sciences,
and quite a respectable portion of the exact,
with a proficiency which astonishes the mul
titude, and impresses many fond parents
with the belief that their children are prod
igies in the world of letters. In most cases,
however, if we may judge of the future by
our past experience, we shall in a few years
hear these self-same parents lamenting that
their sanguine hopes have not been realiz
ed. In many cases, it will be said that the
children have strangely declined in their
studies, that they have actually retrograded
in point of science; and their parents, aban
doning, with a heavy heart, all hope of mak
ing them scholars, will cease to exert them
selves fat ther, and seek by some other
means to secure to them a position in life
of respectability and usefulness; and thus
at the very time of life, when the mind, suf
ficiently matured, is qualified to cultivate
the field of letters, and would, under prop
er management, soon master the entire Cy
clopedia, it either is withdrawn from the
field altogether, or if permitted to cultivate
it at all, its fixed habits of ease and indo
lence will he found so unfriendly to the en
terprise before it, as to put success almost
out of the question.
Now, the reform I would propose is this.
Let boys be employed until they are eight
or ten years old in spinning the top, driving
the hoop, &c., for amusement and exercise.
Let them ride horses, Fhase hares, catch
fish, make miniature mills, wagons, steam
boats, &c.. not forgetting to include as much
manual labor as would be necessary lo cul
tivate, each iu his own name, a choice cor
ner in the vegetable garden. By such
means health would be promoted, the phys
ical constitution developed, and habits will
be formed of industry and painstaking, that
cannot fail to be useful in all after life. At
the age of eight or ten years, the boy will
begin to desire the information which be
perceives that his seniors derive from
books. Then give him a book, and teach
him how to use it. He will use it as a help,
to enable him to understand what his own
powers unassisted, cannot master. Instead
of being the obsequious retainer of every
sentiment his books may propose, he will
make his books his servants, to aid him in
the great work of cultivating his mind; a
work which he has found to require much
labor and toil.
In like manner, let the little girl be em
ployed in dressing her doll, arranging her
mimic dining-table, taking care of her min
iature China-set. &c., for amusement; not
neglecting to sweep her room, spread her
bed, knit her stockings, and perform various
other duties appertaining to her place in
the domestic circle. The effect will be the
same, as a similar course will produce in
the other sex. It will be found that books
being given her at the right time of life, she
will take hold of them advantageously, con
tract a real fondness for them, and become
a student for life.
The writer of this article is aware that
many who read it will consider him as “be
hind the age” in regard to mental improve
ment. He, however, gives the result of his
own reflections and observations in the pre
mises. That this doctrine is sound, be has
not a particle of doubt. One confirmation
of its correctness it tnay be worth while to
adduce. Why is it that many of our most
illustrious statesmen and of our most pro
found scholars and philosophers are self-
mude men! Have they made themselves
men without the aid of books, being prodi
gies? No, verily, they have made them
selves what they are, by using books to ad
vantage. In early life they were not “train
ed” by the “schoolmaster.” Their minds
were left unfettered by artificial rules for
mental development; and when they found
an opportunity to enter the fields of science,
all ready for the harvest, they were physi
cally and mentally strong enough to reap
the precious fruit. So would it be with
thousands of others, if the premature use of
books were abandoned. The people of the
United States are paying thousands of dol
lars to Teachers, for no other end, than to
make it impossible, in very many cases, that
their children ever can become thorough
scholars.—South. Lit. Mes.
Versailles, Ky., April, 1847.
Maxims—Never regret what is irretrievably lost
Never believe that which seems improbable.
Never expose your disappointment to the world.
Never complain of being ill used.
Always speak well of your friends, and of your ene
mies speak always good and never ill.