The federal union. (Milledgeville, Ga.) 1830-1861, July 12, 1853, Image 1

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Newspaper Page Text/ a o v g u r o n a nisuet EDITORS. 8'JUGHTON, NI8BET AND BARNES, PrOMIIETOUS AND PUBLISHERS. TEK.UM. &l)C jFtKcial 211 nton It published weekly, in the Darien Bank Building; at TWO DOLLARS per Annum, pay able in advance, TU O DOI LARS AND l it 1 Y CENTS if not paid within there months, and Three Dollars i( not paid lelcic the end ol li> year No subscription will be received For less than a year, nor will any paperOe discontinued unlit all arrearages arc paid. I’iie paper will not be sentto anyperson onto! man VOL. XXIV.] AIIEEEDGEYIEEE GEORGIA, JVETl' 1*. 1853 No. 6. FINDLAY’S IRON WORKS, Hlat'Oii, (iporitiit. £|TF.AM ENGINES and Boilers, Machinery for . . . . Saw .Mills of everv description. Iron and Brass be Stale, until the subscription money is paid in Castings, Millstones, Ac Ac. advance. or satisfactoiy reference given. Advertisements conspicuously inserted atlhe| Usual rates. Those sent without a specification of j : c number of insertions, will be published until [ ordered out, and charged accordingly. Sales of land and negroes, by Administrators, ! Fxeeutor6, or Guardians, are required by law to be held on the First Tuesday in the month between j he hours of ten in the forenoon and three in the j afternoon, at the Court-House in the Count) in j which the property is situated. Notice of these Hales must be given in a public gazette forty days previous to the day of sale. I Notices for. the sale of personal property must he given in like manner, forty days previou s to the day of sale. Notices to the debtors and creditors of nnestate i most also be published forty days. Notice that application will he made to the Court 1 of Ordinary, for leave to sell Land or Negroes must be published for tiro months. Citations for letters of Administration must be published thirty nays—for dismission from Ad- ] ministration, monthly sir months—for dismissioi from Guardianship, forty days .Rules for foreclosure of mortgage must be pub- ! islied monthly for four months—for establishing lost j papers, for the full spore of three months—for com pelling titles from Executors or Administrators, vhere bond has been given by the deceased, the full space of three months. Publications will always be continued according to these, the legal requirements, unless otherwise ordered. All business of this kind will receive prompt at tention at the Fedfral Union Office. Letters on business must be post paid to en title them to attention. May IT. 1853. li. FINDLAY, Proprietor. 50 ly MISCELLANEOUS BUSINESS CARD S. FREE WAN A BENSON MammfsLCSitmiPStE’s ©if .Vo 11 Cotton .Irrtiuf, .ft a to a, tin. Mf®EDI)lN>! Patties and Families furnished Sf 1 # with plain and ornamental Cakes at short notice and on reasonable terms, for cash. CHAS. H.FKEF.MAN. RICH’d A. BENSON. May 17,1853. 50 ly K. II. PLATT, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Ttoupcille, Lutcndes County, Ga. June, 7, 1853. 1—ly CITY HOTKL, BAY S T REE T, Savannah, P. CONDON St J. B FOLEY, Proprietors. Terms. §1 50 Per Day. Unsurpassed in location, for gentlemen either on bu siness or pleasure. The apartments allotted to ladies and families, have undergone ana-n ire change, and now have a private entrance to the Dinner Room, thus securing their ocenpants from intrusion from olh er parts of the building affording all the privaces of home. ’51} 50 ly i> ENT A L N © T I < E. g-JSJd’V. I he undersigned has removed his Office to Rt JO.M 8 over Childs !t Cham- ■ l -sJ2LUherlain's JcircJry Store where he will be pleased to receive the calls ofall who may require his services, as he is now Fully prepared to perform all operations upon the most approved and skillful man ner. Terms cash, or paid v- eii called for. .1. It. MURPHY. 40—ly Surgeon Dentist, VARIETY STOVE WAREHOUSE! j BARTLETT BENT, JR : , MANUFACTURER & DEALER IN' THE MOST APPROVED I STOVES, K A N G E S, Farmers' Boders. Ship Cabooses, Gas Ovens, I Charcoal and Hurdcoal furnaces. Oven Fronts. Sfc. IRON CASTINGS GENERALLY. £38 Water Stiect, ftew York. Way 3, 1653. 46—3m FAIRBANKS’ PLATFORM SCALES. ] OMi K:N<HVIS t —Severely tested; Always right; -J 'Fhe Acknowledged Standard j Railroad, Hay. Coal, and Farmers’ SCALES, set in any part of the country, at short notice. Agints— Phii.brick A: Bell, Savannah. Georgia. Fairbanks A Co , 89 Water Street, New York. May 3, 1653. 48—3.n J. B. CAMP, A TTORNE Y A T L A W, Campbellton, Ga. UKMVY liliAWUU k ATTORNEY AT LAW, JACKSON, BUTTS Co Ga. J. W, MI 1a Ia Fa R , (Corner St. Julian St. and Market Sqr.J 42-ly SAVANNAH, GA. CHAS. 6. CAMPBELL, Attorney at Yaw, MIL LEDGE VILLE, GA. Office next door above Masonic Halt. NWr/JLL attend promptly to all business entrusted 'fff to hiseare. Particular attention paid to col- SADDLERS AND COACH MAKERS GOODS OF EVERV DESCRIPTION. THOMAS MACKENZIE A SONS, No. 222, Baltimore Street. BALTIMORE, j 1 .MPORTF.RS and Dealers in Saddlery. Hardware. ! J and Coach Goods—offer to Southern Dealers goods I in dieir line, such as Stirrups. Bridle Bits. Kngskins, i Buckskins, Buckles of all sorts, Web’s patent Leath- | er. Axles. Springs, bent Fellows, Shafts. Castings, of all sorts; Tacks. Saddlers sewing Silk, Serges, patent | Canvass, Cloths. Oil and Bmixm'Is Cai'pctiug, i Carriage Bolts and Screws, of all sizes In short, ev ery thing needed by a Saddler. Coach Maker, and i Harness Makeis. Being direct Importers, w ith ample means, we can offer to Southern buyers as good GOODS, at as low prices, and ou as good terms, to punctual customers, , as any oilier similar House in the l riited States. Or- 1 ders promptly attended to. TRY US, and address THOMAS MACKENZIE & SONS, 222 Baltimore Street. Baltimore, ! April 26. 1853. 47—3m BLY YliE T S O F AND CARPETS E VERY DESCRIPTION, lecltng. Milledgeville, Feb. 22. Ic53 38— tl J. S. KOYNTON, AltoTney at Law, MONTICELLO, GEO., ILL pradtice in the Ocnnilgee Circuit, and in Jackson and Circuit Jan. IS McDonough of the Flint 1853. 33—ly IVM. A. EOF TON, A TTOh NE Y A T LA W, MONTICELLO, Ga. January 25, 1853. 24—ly FULTON <V WALKER, FACTORS AND C O N1M IS SI ON M E K C HA N T S No. H. Bit) Street. SAVANNAH, Ga. Tender their services to their friends and tlie pub lie generally, in ihe sale of COTTON and oilier Pro duce, and infilling Urdus for Hugging. Rope and oth er supplies They will give Iheir Strict Personal FOR SALE BY GREENWAY, BROTHER &■ Co., 10 Barclay Street and 24 Park Place, New York. April 26, 1853 47—3m Savannah Grocery F-tahiistiinent- M. 3. SOLOlftONS, G 1 ENERAL Dealer, in all descriptions of GKO- r CURIES, WINKS, LIQUORS, &c. [.4// Orders trill meet with prompt attention.] I.»7 Broughton Sf Next to N B & 11 Weed. Savannah. April 19. 1853. 46—ly BOY’S CLC)THING DEPOT! “ TTOIE subscribers have the most extensive and va- i ried assortment of CLOTHING for BOYS from 4 to 16. ever offered fors.de in the Union. Orders for Gentlemen’s Clothing filled at the shortest notice.— Persons purchasing Clothing at this Establishment, have the privilege of changing them if they do not suit. F. A HOYT & Jfiro, S. W Cor. ol Chestnut and 10th Sts., 45—ly PHILADELPHIA’ LAW! LAW!! LAW!!! A NALYSIS and Forms, by Howell Cobb, J\. Georgia Reports, •* T. R. R. Cobb, Kelley's Reports, Hotchkiss do School and Miscellaneous Books. For sale by E. J. WHITE. .Milledgeville, April 5, 1853. 44—ly FEOY^ SSOKSK Attention to all Bl SJNI.^S that may be commit ted to their care—and no pains will be spared lo give general satisfaction. R. L. Fulto.v. J. H. Walker. Savannah. Oct. 4, le52. 18—if J. D. Brown BROWN A GRIFFIN, Attorneys at Law an«l General Land Agents. AUSTIN CITY, TEXAS. ■AX7 ILI. aiiend to the collection of claims against ft the Stale of Texas for land and money. Also feeing well acquainted with the pubhc domain of the State, they will locate land certificates, and have the land surveyed and patented One of the firm will al ways be found at their office in An-tin. QT(|HE Undersigned, resident at Milledgeville, ^ having formed, for the purposes of such an Agency, a ti uipoiary connection with the above firm will give any information, add piepare and forward all papers necessary for the perfection of claims, j All persons desirous of cigagng their senicesare requested to call upon him. CHAS. G CAMPBELL, Att'y at Law. Milledgeville. April26. 1-53. 47 ~'■TfIRE PROOF WARE-HOUSE- * j THE undersigned having associated Mr. ^ I Ovid G- Sparks with him in business— I continues to transact the Warehouse and Commission Business. Under the name and style of HARDEMAN & SPARKS. Their undivided attention will be given ■to all business committed to their charge. The long •experience of the undersigned as a cotton seller, ad- j -dedlo his desire to please as well as to faithfully serve those who may Patronize the new firm gives Co him i Ihe hope that the liberal patronage heretofore given to Hardeman & Hamilton, will be continued to Har deman St Spanks. They will risk nothing, either in Ma(5®n, ©soffgiaio T. A. GOODWIN , Proprietor. A. B. IIARTWELL, Superintendent. This well known and popular Hotel has been thoroughly repaired, and is now open, and superbly j furnished for the reception of Boarders and the j Thos. Griffin Travelling Community- The Proprietor and his ] Assistants will spare no pains to make this House i one of the best Hotels in the State. A B. HARTWELL, H C. CUNNINGHAM, and S. LANIER will be happy to receive and wel- j come their old friends and acquaintances, and will use their utmost efforts to make them comfortable during their stay. Macon. August 24, 1852. 12 tf M Y AN IKK HOUSE. MAC OX, GA. ALEX. SCOTT, WM DIBBLE. Macon, April 12, 1833. 45—ly LAND FOR SALE. THF. following Lots of Land, to-wit: No. 71. Ifhh dist. originally Early now Baker, •• 412. 7th “ ~ “ Appling, “ 145, 4tb “ W. B. W. DENT. Newnan, Coweta county. Ga. October 19. 1852 20—tf FOR SALE. 200,000 lbs. prime Bacon. 200 Bis. Lard, 100 do Apples. REYNOLDS & LOFTON. Commission Merchants, Atlanta. Ga., 1853. 41—ly AUCTION AND (0©:£iiziiL23ii©ia IB^SLnrLSssD By JOHN L. IIUSON. (late ol Rome, Ga ) Yjf WILL sell regularly every Thursday and Satur’ , Hay at 11 o’clock A M . and also on Wednesday i v. ^ . - c V e • J 7 i and r rida\ ai night, in connection wun my rtucuon determined to confine them-elves to business with Bllsl|less .', have taken charge of the large and com- 1? * her “ I ,be r, al * dv «" c “ 1 b * ™ <k ‘ modious Brick Ware House near the Depot, where r I »• i- f.. mourn us dock are nuiut: uuai me DePln, micie and kZ rillt fm ra* \ Bagging all kinr)s of p rodlIC „ cal , be stowed with perfect an.I Hoyt,, will be !>iitusked our Inends at the lowest r • < p i . n a »„ oil Macon prices THOS. HARD EM AN safe, ? 1 ’ “ ,l '^"^001 Ru. I w. I attend to fill- r — tfinurj.w.ai,. mg all orders forproduce at the lowest Market prices, 11 *y- I and keep my friends posted in regard to ihe market, at all limes, if desired Your patronage is kindly so licited. Markets!. Chattanooga, Tenn., 'Iay 7. 1353. 49 tf rill be furnished es August 17, 1852, J. R. TKEB5CTI & T. HOFMANN, BOOT 1CLZ3BS. RESPECTFULLY inform the Gentle* nien of .Milledgeville and vicinity, that they have taken the Shop lately occupied b) Mr Reinhart, and are now prepared to Man- 11 facto re BOOTS in the most fashionable six Ic. of Ihe best materials, and watrant a good fit. A liberal patronage is solic ited Work executed with dispatch REPAIRING of all kinds done up at short notice. Just give us a trial, and we feel con- fident of your patronage. Terms liberal (Shop next door to C. II. IVright's Grocery Store,.) 51illedgeville. May ID, 1853. 49—ly ALLEN’S 1SDU\ lilXHlEUT, L. J. WHI I L. Milledgeville, Ga . has just receive a lot of Allen's Indian Liniment—for the relief and cure of Rheumatism. Sprains, Lameness, Stiffness Joints, Soreness of muscles. Burns. Scalds &c. This preparation, is superior to any Liniment krtown. Prepared by S. J. Dickinson, Albany Ga., •nd sold by nearly all Druggists and Merchants in this and the adjoining Slates. Prie* 50 ceols per bottle. 10 ly notice. 3T|IHK Subscriber at JUilledgeville Georgia, offer 8 J, for Sale the following LOW COUNTRY LANDS. TO WIT : Lot No 394. 15th Dist Decatur Co unty. One third of “ •• 2^0. 14 ill “ (io do “ “ 104. 1st “ Baker do “ “ 80. I0tn “ do do “ “ 92. 6th •• Dooly do “ “ 221 14lli do do One third of" “ 163. 13th “ do do 275, 27th " Early do “ '* 70, 10th •• Clinch do May 2d. 1853. 54, 4th •* JAMES S. Randolph do GHOLSTON. 48—e m #2000. OT||HE Subscriber is authorized, to purchase all the land that he can, in the counties of Baker, Thomas, Decatur. Irwin. Dooly and every other county, in South and West Georgia All persons owning low County Lands, can sell them to me at fair prices, for the Cash. Address me at Griffin, Ga. W. R. MOSELEY. June 20. J853. 3—if ARTIFICIAL BEAUTY. The Southern Ladies’ Companion gives very good advice to a certain class 1 f Young Ladies, in ihe ar tide annexed: “There are a few habits more or less com mon among the iadiep.which we should like to see abandoned; we allude especially to the use ofartificial coloring and perfumery. Petiiaps every young lady desires to show a fair complexion, and at the same timo the ruby glow of health; and where these are denied by nature, or—as is too often the case —destroyed hy improper habits of neglect, it is a common practice to resort to artificial means for the purpose of putting on ati ap pearance which is utireal and deceptive.— This is objectional, because, as no lady wishes it to be understood that the white and red complexion are but a disguise put on to deceive the spectator, it is therefore a species of hypocrisy — what an Indian would call a lie. But wherein is the advan tage! Ifshe could find herself admired for the possession of qualities which do not be long to her, but are onlv imitated, she must feel mortified for having elicited a compli ment by deception, and she almost trembles lest the truth should leak out. And how must a lady of r-ensibility feel, to know that she has won the heart anti hand of a worthy man — partly at least — by a deception which her very success must bring to light? Sure ly she cannot expect that measure of respect from a cheated husband which an honest wife is entitled lo receive. But there is an other view to be taken of the case. A young lady of naturally good health and complex ion. by keeping irregular honts, by lying in bed late, and inhaling the exhausted atmos phere of her bed room, instead of breathing the pure, invigorating air of early morning, and by indolently neglecting to take proper exercise in the open air, becomes weak, pale, and sallow, her beauty is gone, and now instead of resorting to tegular habits, early rising and healthful exercise, for the recovery of the forfeited boon, she vainly at tempts to supply the deficiency hy the em ployment of rouge and lead, and other vile compounds; and while she deceives few and is laughed at by the many, she effectually obstructs the healthful action of the pores, and tans the skin of her face into thick din gy leather, and when the mask is off, her complexion appears real ly repulsive; even at the early period when nature intended her to possess a *air skin, and to weat the rose of health on her cheeks, her complexion becomes old, wrinkled, thick, and leathery; and her health—as well as her beauty— is seriously injured, by the unnatural means she employs for the restoration of the latter. “In addition to the use of what are improp erly enouglicalled cosmetics,many ladies are in the habit of employing peifumery, to give their person a sweet and agreeable odor.— One of the most common of these in use is called musk, a substance of strong and cer tainly not sweet scent, obtained from the male of an animal sometimes called the musk cat. A lady certainly makes not a very complimentaiy concession in admitting —as she does by the use of this substance —that the strong and offensive odor given out by musk, is mote agreeable than that of her own sweet person. W’ehave frequent ly known of these musky fair ones to scent a room so strongly as to turn even gentle men sick, and diive them out. So, too,cloves and other aromatics are used by some to sweeten the bieath, and this is a mistake of kin to those alteady named. If ladies will rise eatly, take plenty of exercise, eat wholesome food temperately, use ablutions fieely and tegularly, cleanse the teeth and mouth catefully after every meal, and 6erve God and their fellow mortals with a cheer ful spiiit, they will have little use for rouge and whiting, musk or aromatics, padding, porcelain teeth, or petukes, and will lie mote sweet, pielty, healthy, and hap py, atid withal a great deal more captiva ting. LARGEST TREE IN THE WORLD. There is a cedar tree growing in the mountains of Calveras county, about 20 miles north-east of Murphy’s, which is said to be the largest tree in the world. A correspondent of the Sonora Her ald, who recently made an excursion t > see it, thus deset ibes it: “At the ground its circumference was 92 feet; four feet above that it was 88; and ten feet above that it was 61 feet in circumfer ence; and after that the tapering of the shaft was very gradual. Its height, as measured hy Captain H-, is 300 feet, but we made it but 2S5. This tree is by no means a de formity, as most trees vviili large trunks are It is throughout one of perfect symmetry,' while its enormous proportions inspire the beholder with emotions of awe and sublimity. Its elegance and beauty are inseparable concomitants of its grand eur. “1 have said that this is the largest tree yet discovered in the world. It is so. The celebrated tree of Fremont would have to grow many centuries before it could pre tend to be called anything but a younger brother It is said that a tree was once found in Senegal, in Afiica, whose trunk measuted 90 feet in circumference. But no one has been able to find it since its discovery It is called by the natives Baobab; by bo tanists, Adatisota digitata. But it is admit ted that none can now be found with a cir cumference greater than SI feet. There is a tree in Mexico, called the Taxodium.which : is said to be 117 feet in circumference, but ; some have said it is formed by the union of; several trees. The height of all these for- ■ eign trees is not more, in any case, than 70 feet; and none of the trunks are more than 10 feet. “The age of the mammoth ceder of Cali- ! fornia, if each zone may be reckoned one j year, is about 2520 yeats. A section of the wood which I brought home with me, exclusive of the sap, which is but little more than one inch thick, numbers about 14 zones or grains to the inch. At that rate, if it were pci milled to grow, it would in crease its diameter one-seventh of an inch every year. In 84 years its diameter would be increased one foot; tu 840 years 10 feet—so that it would then be 40 in diameter, and 120 feet in circumference. “This giant of the woods and of the world is to be flayed, literally. The patrio tic process had already commenced. We understood that the bark, which at the base is about 14 inches thick, is to be taken nfl iu sections lo the height of 20 feet, and sent to the World's Fair in the city of New York." THE STRAWBERRY BOY. The following simple and unvarnished story is striclty Hue. It is given as a hor ticultural item, to illustrate the progress in early life, of a young horticulturist, in that branch of industry. Fourteen years ago last May, on a Satur- I day at noon, a boy called at mv dwelling ( house, to sell stiawbeiries. He was of j slender form, apparently about fouiteen I years of age, with a bright and intelligent I countenance. Tbefiuit was beautiful and | tempting, hut 1 had bought enough at mar ! ket in the morning for dinner and for tea, 1 arid tefused to purchase more. He obser- j ved that his strawberries had just been picked from the vines, and would keep for ! the Sunday, My wife was much pleased with his gentle and pleasant manners, and ! decided at once, to purchase, and to engage a daily supply from him for the season. Upon inquiry we learned that, with his fa ther and a young brother, he cultivated veg etables and friut to sell in the Cincinnati market, on a small place near Newport, Kentucky, that he had a taste for horticul ture and for hooks, aud that no effort was spared to improve his knowledge in both In summer he cultivated the soil, in winter the mind. For three years we were regularly sup- j plied by this hoy, from the earliest to the la- ! test period ol the season, with strawhetries freshly gathered, if fine quality, and at moderate prices; then w ith raspberries in succession. The fourth year we missed him on his accustomed round, and feared that we should see him no more. My wife felt dis appointed, and cried a good deal about it. He was so intelligent and obliging, so gentle and engaging in his manners that she had taken a gteai fancy to him. Be sides all this, where could we supply our table with such fine strawberries, brought daily to the house! Various inquiries were made, but nothing could be heard of him She only knew his chii-tain name, the oths er, ifshe had ever heard it, had escaped her memory. She recollected to have obser ved an occasional hectic flush on his cheek, and feared that the fell destroyer, consump tion, had marked him for its own. Poor boy, said she, we shall never see him again; he has run his race, and will soon be for gotten. Years bad passed away, and we bad ceased to speak ol him, when one day a young man of genteel appearance called at my store, and. presenting bis hand, asked if I remembered him. In the hurry and bustle of business life, one forms so many acquaintances that it is not easy to recol lect every name or face at first sight. I, therefore, answered that I did not. He teplied. that when a boy be used to supply us with straw'beriies, and then he inquired kindly for my wife and children. He staled that, by diligence in his horti cultural pursuits, he had saved some mon ey, and was then interested in a small store in a neighboring town. I was delighted to see him, and lo hear of his prosperity, and gave him a cordial invitation to my house, but he pleaded w ant of time and departed. On reaching home in the even ing, my wife was much pleased to hear that her young friend the “Strawberry Boy,” was living and well, but rather slighted by his not calling to see her. Two years ago, when I saw him again, he was comparatively rich, worth some fifty thousand dollars—and martied to the daughter of a late distinguished lawyer— had purchased and was then residing in his fine mansion, in one of the cities immedia tely opposite our own. Occupied in busi ness of public trust and responsibilities, he lives respected and esteemed by all bis neighbors. He is well known to many of our citizens of Cincinnati. With all this prosperity, he has the good sense to remem ber that he was once the “Little Strawberry Boy,” ami, no doubr, he feels prouder of being the architect of his own fortune, from that foundation, than if he had inherited ten limes as much from his ancestors. From Harper’s Magazine. ANCIENT PERU—SYSTEM OF CONQUEST. It was pet haps in their system of con quest that the Incas exhibited their greatest : wisdom and profoundest policy. Their first effort, after the teduction of a neigh- \ boring nation nr province, was to mould its people into their own system, and in fuse among them thpir own spirit. In do ing this they were careful to give no rude, shock lo their prejudices. The idols of the conquered people were brought, with every demonstration of respect, lo Cuzco, Thither also were summoned the couquer- ed chiefs, with thier families, where they were treated with the greatest distinc tion and kindness, and after becoming suf ficiently imbued with the institutions of the Inca, and impressed, with its power, they were often reinstated at the head of their people as officers of the empire. Nor did the Inca omit any means to secure the good will and allegiance of his new subjects. Their taxes were reduced, and the poor suf fering among them treated with the largest ■ liberality. The language of the empire was taught to all the children, and made to sup- j plant that of their fathers. And still more 1 effectively to secure the new acquisitions from rebellion, large colonies of eight or ten thousand individuals, from tried and faithful provinces, were settled in the sub jugated territory, while a corresponding number of the conquered people were trans ferred to the place which their removal had left vacant. To reconcile these colonists to their new conditions, they were invested with many privileges, and treated with matked partial! y. And thu.-, hy a complex system oflibetHity and severity, persua sion and force, the Inca empire was not only rapidly extended, but the reduced na tions effectually amalgamated, and moulded into a compact whole. INTItLLECTOAl, CULTURE. While the civil and social systems of Peru were wisely diiected to the general physical amelioration of the people, they were not adapted to their intellectual de velopment. Not c-mtent with concentrat ing in themselves the functions of gtiveru- ment and religion, the Inca stock mono-, polized also the advantages of instruction and all that there was of science. The masses were taught to regard them with reverence as the sons of Heaven, the sour ces of power, and the fountains of intelli gence. As a consequence, there was noth ing of mental cultivation among the Feru- vians at large; and little of what may be called learning among the Incas themselves. Without a written language, they were un able to perpetuate ideas, and thus accutnu late knowledge. Their wisdom was chief ly political and practical. Territorial ex- tentson being their leading object, military science received their closest attention. In Cuzco and all the other principal cities were institutions, under the direction of aged men of the royal blood, fir instructing the youth in the ait of war. But none were admitted to them except the sons of the ar istocracy; for, as we have seen, ihe masses w-ere obliged to follow the professions of theit fathers. It is worthy of remark, however, that the representation of the various sciences, so far as the sciences were understood, did riot belong to the priesthood, but formed a dis linct class, called amantes, who lived in the establishments for learning. They taught the civil law, astron-ijpy, medicine, and the art of quipput. Yet their knowledge in these departments was insignificant. They had the decimal system of numeration, but never proceeded beyond the first elements of ariihmtic. They were unacquainted with theoretical geometry, although they made frequent practical application of its principles, and in the division of lands, con- -truction of maps, and building of their ed ifices and public works, desolved some of the most difficult problems —Notwithstand ing the pretended relation of their monarchs with the Sun, their knowledge of astronomy was very limited, and in this respect the amantes were much inferior to the Mexi can priest. Their ignorance of mathema- j tics did not permit them to calculate the an 1 nual movements of the sun, and they were ! compelled to resort to mechanical means j to determine the principal variations of its 1 course. They thus succeeded in fixing the j epochs of the solstices and equinoxes. They 1 noted the movements of Venus, the only } planet which attracted their attention. Like | the Chinese, they were greatly alarmed by j the eclipses of the sun and moon, particuar- | ly those of the latter, which they believed j then threatened to fall to the earth. To 1 avert this, they sounded all their instru- ’ ments of noise, shouted, and beat their j dogs, lo augment the general confusion, ' and avert the impending catastrophe. The phases ofthe moon (quilla) they explained i hy saying that when it commenced its de crease the moon was ill or dying, and when it increased that it wa- getting well. ARAB HORSES. In a review of Layard’s new work on his discoveries in exhuming ancient monu ments, &c., from the ruins of Babylon, in the North British Review, we find the following in reference lo the celebrated Arab breed of horses: Mr. Layard has devoted some very inter esting pages to the subject of Arab horses and their breeds. The Arab horse is not so much distinguished for its extraordinary ; peed, as for its exquisite eymetery and fine proportions, joined to wonderful pow ers of endurance. Their average height is from 14 to 15 3 4 hands. Their color is generally white, light or dark grey, light chesnut and hay, with white or black feet. Black is exceedingly rare, and Mr. Layard never saw one either dun, sorrel or dapple. Notwithstanding their small size, they often j possess great strength and courage, and he ; heard that a celebrated mare had carried 1 two men in chain armor beyond the reach of their Aneyza putsuers. Their great qual ity, however, is their power of performing 1 long and arduous marches on the smallest I possible allowance of food and water. Even 1 the mare ofthe wealthy Bedouin subsists on 12 handfuls of barley once in 24 hours. The saddle is rarely taken from their backs, and they ate never cleaned orgroomed. Though docile as a latnb, and requiring no guide but a halter, the Arab mare is roused at the sound of the war-cry, and the sight of ils ri der’s spear. “Her eyes glitter with fire, her blood red nostrils open wide, her neck is nobly aiched, and her tail and mane are raised and spread out to the wind.” Accor ding to the Bedouin proverb, a high bred mate at full speed should hide her rider be tween her neck and her tail. The Arab hor ses sometimes get hu ge quantities of Camels milk, and they are sometimes said to eat raw flesh, There are five breeds called the Kamse, from which alone entire horses are chosen to propagate the race. The Saklawi breed not derived from the Kamse, is considered the noblest of them all. It is divided into branches, of which the Suklawi Jedran now almost extinct, is said tube the most valued. The Viceroy of Egypt was particularly anx ous lo purchase males of this breed. A She ikh was offered ,.£1200 for a mare and refused it, and 1000 has been given to the Sheikhs of the Aneyza for well known mares Such sums as these are often refused by ati Atab wh 1 has not even btead to feed himself and his children. The Bedouin, indeed, as Mr. Layard informs us.is entirely dependent on his mare for happiness, his glory, and in deed his very existence. With a horse of unrivalled speed, an Arab is his own mas ter, no one can catch him. He may rob and plunder at his will. Without his mare he could only keep his gold by burying it, and thus it would be of no value to one who is never two days in the same spot. The Bedouins at’ach a high value to the pure blood of their horses. The descent of a horse is preserved by tradition. and the birth of a colt is a public event. Written evidence of their descent is given before “the cadi of the horses,” and implicit confidence is, in these matters, placed on the word of a true Bedouin. Greece.—A letter from Athens, dated May 27, says: The case of the Rev. Mr. King, the mis sionary from the United States, has taken a new turn. The ministry has decided to pay the demand made on his behalf by the American minister. Mr. King had deman ded the sum of twelve or fifteen thousand drachmas for the site of a building U9ed for public purposes—not, as has been stated in the newspapers, 300,000 drachmas, while the ministry declined complying with the second demand of Mr. Marsh. This was that the sentence of the Areopagus should be rescinded by an authoritative act of the government. By this sentence, Mr. King was condemned to fourteen days’ imprison ment. A demand of this kind could not properly be made by one government of another. A relief from the difficulty was presented in the fact that Mr. Marsh had not been accredited at the court of Athens, and consequently his interference in the af fair was not official, but officious. The two United States frigates that have been expected here for some time have not yet arrived. THE CHINA MISSION.—So restric ted has been the policy of the dynasty of the Flowery Land that whenever a term of reproach was sought for to stigmatize nar rowness it was found by terming it a Chi nese policy. The millions of that strange country are nearly as a sealed book to olh er nations, prejudice holds them fast in its iron grasp. But now the revolutionists are at work. It is probable that the reigning dynasty will be overthrown. The success ful insurrectionist, the rival to the Emperor, is authentically announced as a progressive; and this may be readily believed of one who proclaims Christianity at the head of his ad, vancing legions. A chief bold enough to achieve success at every step, would not he likely to hesitate as to reform, but would encounter other questions, and among them the question of a liberal commerce, with similar boldness. Therefore, much may be from his triumph. It is at such a crisis in the politics of China that the President had selected Hon. Robeit J. Walker, to represent this coun try et its court. No statesman has done more to open up new avenues to trade, and develop the benefits of broad commercial intercourse; and no one feels more deeply the importance to our vast and growing com mercial interests of free intercourse with the East. It is for the purpose of promot ing this that he has been persuaded to re linquish his preference for private life, and accepts this public station. This mission is now on the footing ofthe highest diplomat ic grade. In addition, it is understood, such is the confidence of the President, in the long-tried ability, intelligence, and dis cretion of Mr. Walker, that he will be ves ted with the m«9t ample powers. Under such circumstances, this mission will be an xiously watched, in the hope that it will re sult in large advantages to our country. The old system of commercial intercourse with China has been pretty throughly char ged with vexatious customs and petty an noyances. A material inroad was made on this system in 1844. The exorbitant and capricious charges made on vessels were, for the most part, altered to a tariff ) fixed in a treaty. The old cumshaw or present to the mandarin, and its kindred crowd of tributes, were done away. In five ports of China thete was a good degree ot \ freedom attained for our merchants. This was a capital beginning. The way is open for further progress. We take the great China export, tea, free of duty; and no such prejudice exists as to our cottons and othor articles as exists, for instance, against Brit ish articles, for our troops have not cut down the Chinese as mowers cut the grass. The way, therefore, may be open for our pro ducts; and should Mr. Walker succeed in extending the facilities for future commer cial intercourse with this country, he will confer a great boon on our trade. No one is better fitted to promote such a work; and if it is not done, the fault, we are sure, will net lie at the door of the administration or of the minister. It is gratifying to see the energy and promptitude with which Mr. Walker is pre paring for his mission. He will soon be on his way to the scene of his labors; and all who feel an interest in our growing com mercial intercourse will wish complete sue- j cess to this important mission.—Boston Post. GUTTA PERCHA. The New York Times describes theca- pabilities and uses of this valuable gum. ; After refert ing to the great extension of the India rubber trade, it says: “While the India rubber trade wa9 thus dawning and perfecting, the great original forests of Malacca and Borneo, which had so long shaded the peninsula and island, held in their rich trunks a new material, unknown to the world, but which was des tined to become of incalculable value. The trees were of a different order from the In- ! dta-rubber, and their product distinct and dissimilar. Dr. Montgomery, an assistant surgeon at Singapore, discovered in the hands of a native the handle of a wood chopper, of such singular material that it awakened his attention, and on inquiry he found it to have beeu made of the gum of this strange tree—becoming plastic when dipped in hot water, and when cold regain ing its original stiffness. This was only ten years ago, but in this short period the exu dations of these dense forests have assumed more especially in England; innumerable forms. This gum has qualities entirely dif- fereing from the sap of the India-rubber. It cannot be worn out. It can be melted and remelted, and repeatedly remoulded, I without changing its properties or loosing its 1 virtues. It is lighter than rubber, posses ses certain repellant properties unknown to that material, is non-elastic, much harder, ' and of finer grain, and of superior density and toughness. Cold water does not affect it, it is a non-conductor of heat and elec tricity, disregards alkalies and acids, laughs 8t frogt, and displays certain important acoustic qualities. But there were great difficulties in the way of ils application to many of the uses of which the rubber was capable. Its stiffness and uon-elacticity, and its disposition to melt under a high de gree of heat, prevented the accomplishment of anything else than the mere conversion of the raw material into different shapes; having great hardness and no pliability. Eminent chemists, through' several years, toiled in vain for the secret they believed to exist, which should endow the percha with elastic qualities ofvulcanized lubber, with out dept ivitig it of its other properties. But it temained for the Messrs Riders, of our own city, to unlock the hidden secret, and to discover the art ofsuperadditig pliability, in different degrees, lo tue strange capabili ties this wonderful gum already possessed The range of its uses is thus indefinitely enlarged. It were easy to enumerate a thousand applications; and new ones are suggested every day. “It carries the Croton through a tube of a thousand feet in length—from New York to Blackwell’s Island—and does not mingle with the water any of the hurtful material which metalic pipes impart. Beneath the waves of the British channel it sheathes the uncorded wire, and brings Paris and Lon don within the limits of a watch-tick. Its tubes remain buried in damp ground, with out injury, for years. By attaching one end of a tube to a gass-pipe, light may be conveyed by hand to every portion of a building. It has especial qualities for the transmission of sound. It conveys the voice to the ear of the deaf, enables it to speak to the engineer through the rear of a rail way train, carries domestic messages to dif ferent parts of the bouse, opens the closed ears of a congregation to the words of the minister, and faithfully transmits the slight* est whisper to the miner in the lowest depths. For bleaching and chemical pur* poses its resistance to acids makes it partic ularly available. F->r pump barrels, Syp hons, and auction-pipes it is growing into extensive use. The teceiit discoveries of our townsmen row make it an absolute ne cessity fur boots and shoes, clothing, car- springs, belling, cart iage-cloths, and a whole army of appliances. A thin coating, spread on the finest silk, forms a fabric light, beau tiful, and glossy, dark or light, and perfect ly water-proof. While it may receive the elasticity of India-rubber, it has the advan tage of assuming the stiffness and density of bones. In opposition to every known law of physics, it contracts with heat. When spread on cloth, a given quantity covers a half more surface than the same amount of India-rubber, and presents a natural polish which rubber can only receive by a coat of varnish.” A PET OURANGOUTANG. The following account of Turan. a pet ourang-outang, will, we think, interest our readers. It is taken f ont a French book. Voyages et Recits, by Doctor Yvan. When Turan was entrusted to me he was about three years old. His height was that of a child of three. Had it not been for his prominent abdomen, he would have resembled a young Maley, dressed in some brown material, like our little sweeps. When I freod him from the bamboo basket in which he was brought to me, he seized hold of my hand and tried to drag me away, as a little boy who wanted to escape from some disgraceful obje :t might have done. I took him into my room, in which M. Du- froncoy had a sort of cell prepared for him. On seeing this new cage, which resembled a Malay house, Turan understood that it was in future to be his lodging. He let go my hand and set about collecting all the linen ho could find. He then carried his booty into his lodging, and covered its walls carefully. These arrangement made, ho seized on a napkin, and having draped him self in this rag as majestically as an Arab in his turnous, lay down in the bed he had prepared. Turan’s disposition was very mild, to raise one’s voice to him was sufficient. Yet he now and then had very diverting fits of anger. One day 1 took from him a mango he had stolen. At first he tried to get it back, but, being unable to do so, he uttered plain tive cries,thrusting out his lips like a pouting child. Findingl hat this pettishness had not the success he anticipated, he threw himself flat on his face, struch the ground with his fist, and screamed, cried, and howled for mote than half an hour. At last l felt that I was acting contrary to my duty in refusing the fruit he desired; for, in opposition "to God’s will, I was seeking to bend to the exigencies of our civilization the indepen dent nature which he had sent into the world amid virgin forests, in order that it should obey all its in3tinct9 and satisfy all its longings. 1 approached my ward, call ing him by the most endearing names, and offered him the mango. As soon as it was within his reach he clutched it with vio lence and threw it at my head. He was, however, only on rare occasions peevish and naughty. When I first let Turan dine with me at the table, he adopted a somewhat incorrect mode of pointing out the objects which were pleasing to him. He stretched out his brown hand and tried to put upon his plate all he could lay hold of. I gave him a box on the ear to make him understand politeness. He then made use of a strata gem, he covered his face with one hand while he stretched out the other towards the dish. This scheme answered no better; for I hit the guilty hand with the handle of my knife. From that moment my intelli gent pupil understood that he was to wait to be helped. He very quickly learned to eat bis soup with a spoon, in this way: a thin soup was placed before him; he got upon the table, like a dog, lapping, and tried to suck it up slowly. This method appearing inconven ient to him, he sat down again on his chair, and took his plate in both hands: but, as he raised it up to his lips, he spilled a poition of it over bis breast. I then took a spoon and showed him how to use it. He imme diately imitated me, and ever after made use of that culinary implement. When I brought Turan on board the Cleopatra, he was domiciled at the foot of the mainmast, and left completely free. He went in and out of his habitation whee he pleased. The sailors received him as a friend, and undertook to imitate him in the customs of a sea faring life. A little tin basin and spoon were given him, which he carefully shut up in bis house, and at meal times went to the distribution of pro visions with the crew. It was funny to see him, especially in the morning, getting his basin filled with coffee, and then sitting comfortably down to take his first meal io company with his friends, the cabin boys. Turan acquired the habits of a gourmet while on board; he drank wine, and had even become deeply learned in the art of appreciating that liquid.—One day two glasses were offered him—one half full of champagne, the other half full of claret.— When he had a glass in each hand, some one tried to deprive him of that containing the campagne. To defend himself, he has tily brought his disengaged hand up to the one which had been seized bold of, and having, by a dexterious effort, succeeded in freeing it, he poured the sparkling liquid into the glass of which he had undisputed possession. He then held out the empty glass to the persou who had tried to de prive him of it. This act, so well conceived and so diffi- cul to execute, was followed by one no less remarkable Turan was among the ropes, and would not come down, in spite of my reiterated orders. I showed him a glass of bear to pursuade him to come down to me. He looked a long time at what I offered him, then, not trusting perfectly to what he saw, he took a rope, and, with admirable precission, directed it's end into the glass. He then drew up the rope, put the end he had dipped into the liquid into his moutb, and, having made sure of its flavor, hasten ed down to share the beverage with me. Turan took possession of all the pieces of stuff or clothing he found, and either threw them over his shoulders or covered his head with them. Handkerchiefs, napkioa, shirts, or carpets, which came in his way ( were indiscriminately used for this pur pose. Wherever we put into harbor. I brought him clusters of bananas; the fruits were placed with those belonging to the officers ofthe staff. Turan had leave to enter their sanctuary at pleasure.—Provided he bad been once shown which clusters belonged to him, he respected the others till such time as he had exhausted his owa provis ions. After that lie no longer went osten sible and boldly in search of frait; but by stealth, crawling like a serpent; the committed, became up again (aster than be had gone down.

Georgia Historic Newspapers

The federal union. (Milledgeville, Ga.) 1830-1861, July 12, 1853, Image 1