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$2 50 if not paid within three months, and
$3 00 if not paid before the end of the year.
RATES OF ADVERTI8IKC,
Per si/uare of twelve lines.
One insertion (Ml, and Fifty Cents foreaek sub
sequent continuance.
Those sent without a specification of the number
>f insertions, will be published till forbid, and
charged accordingly.
Business or Professional Cards, per year, where
they da not exceed one square - - - $10 00
J liberal contract will be made iritk those who wish to
Advertise by the year, occupying a specified spare.
LEGAL ADVERTISEMENTS.
Sales of Land and Negroes, by Administrators,
Executors or Guardians, are required by Law to be
i;,M or. the First Tuesday in the month, between
t . • hours of 10 in the forenoon and 3 in the after
noon, at the Court House in the County in which
the property is situated.
Notice of these sales must be given in a public
„ v/ ..;te 40 days previous to the day of sale.
*" Notices for the sale of personal property must be
given in like manner 10 days previous to sale day.
Notices to the debtors and creditors of an estate
must also lie published 40 days.
Notice that application will be made to the Court
of Ordinary for leave to sell Land or Negroes, must
be published for two months.
Citations for letters of Administration, Gnardian-
thip, «fcc., must be published 3ll days—for dismis
sion from Administration, monthly sir months—for
dismission from Guardianship, 40 days.
Rules for foreclosure of Mortgage must be pub
lished monthly for four month t—for establishing lost
papers, for the full space of three months—for com
[i ling titles from Executors or Administrators,
where bond has been given by tbe deceased, the
fuli space of three months.
Publications will always be continued according
to these, the legal requirements, unless otherwise
ordered, at the following
RATES:
Citations on letters of Administration, &c. $2 75
“ “ dismissory from Admr’on. 4 SO
“ “ “ Guardianship 3 00
Leave to sell Land or Negroes 4 00
Notice to debtors and creditors 3 00
Sales of persponal property, ten days, 1 sqr. 1 50
Sale of land or negroes by Executors, A c. 5 00
Estrays, two weeks 1 50
per a man advertising his wife fin advance) 5 00
feih'rai
Min
VOLUME XXVII.]
MILLEDGEVILLE, GEORGIA, TUESDAY. MARCH 10. 1857.
[.NUMBER 41.
BUSINESS CAKDS.
Messrs. A. H. & L. II. HENAN.
Are Associated in the Practice of Law.
Office 1 si Door upon 2d floor of
V A SO SIC HALL.
Jan. 23d, 165'
S.
35 tf.
32 ly
M . P A R K E It.
tit tomey at l.ftsr,
COLQUITT, GA.
A. II. )I I A W Si,
Attorney at Daw,
32 ly*] BLAKELY, GA.
I> K 4 H CUMHING.
.Hilton, H’tlhinson County tin.,
Tenders his Professional services to the citizens
of Wilkinson county. [Jan. 6, 57, ly
TIIOUAS J. COX,
A7 T() RXE Y AT LA TV,
NEWTON, Baker county, Ga.
March 18, 18.56. 42 tf
DR. CHAS. H. HALL,
.Hilledgttiille, On.
Office near the Court House. Country
CALI-S PROMPTLY ANSWERED.
June 24th, !S56. 4 tf
CHAS- E NISBET,
attorney at law,
Cuthbcrt, Ga.
April 3d, 1654. 44
UltlEVE A GRIEVE,
AT TO R N EYS AT L A W,
MILLEDGEVILLE, GA.
MILLER GRIEVE, SEN. MILLER GRIEVE, JR.
Oct. 7th, 1856. 19 tf
HALKEU D. SEWELL,
attorney at la
c ly IRWINTON, GA.
W
.10114 G- TIIOJIAS,
ATTORNEY & COUNSELLOR AT LAW,
AMERICUS, QA.
W ILL at end all tbe Courts of the South-
Western Circuit.
May 20,1856. 51 ly
Til OS. T. LORG,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
ERIJNSWICK, GA.
VAT ILL practice in the Courts of Glynn, Wayne,
*Y Camden, McIntosh, Liberty and Chatham,
o-'the Eastern Circuit Charlton,Lowndes, Clinch,
Ware amt Appling, of the Southern; also, Duval
reuntv, Florida. 51 ly
J A W. J. KELLEY,
COMMISSION' AND FORWARDING
£IXHt<03lASTV89
rilATTAYOOGA, TKWW.
Sep.. 2, 1056. 14 ly.
HINES 8c HOBBS,
.ITT ORE IE S A 74 LAW,
ALBANY, GA.
Practice in Dougherty and the surrounding Coun
tics, in the U. S. Circuit Court, for the South
ern District Georgia, and in any county
in the State by special agreement.
New York—Carhart, Brother & Co., Wolfe &
Hide p; Alexis, Bragg A: Warren; E. & R. K.
(■raves; Havilland, llarral <5L Risley; A. P. Hal
sey, Cash’r IVk N. V.
Savannah. Ga — Belden & Co.; Bacon & Levy:
Cheever & Co : Patten. Hutton & Co.; Rogers &
■V rris; C. H. Campfield. Esqr.
Charleston, S. C.—Dewing, Thayer & Co.:
1 iiainberlain. Miler& Co.; J. &. E. Bancroft; E. B.
sr'idard A Co.; T. N. Horsey & Co.; P. A.
Meise. Esqr.
Macon, Ga.—E A. & J. A. Nisbet; Poe &
1 1 J L. Jones. Esqr.; I. C. Plant, Esqr., Edwin
'cans, Esqr,; Asher Ayres, Esqr. 33 tf
1 (MMas H ardeman, Jr. J. W Griffin.
HARDEMAN A GRIFFIN,
IVHOL ESALE GROCERS,
D ealers in wines, liquors, tobac
co, SEGARS aud Groceries of every de-
•rription.
Corner of Cherry and Third Sts.,
.IIACO.N, GA.
Sept 2d, 1856. 14 tf
.1. A. MOSS,
GENERAL LAND AGENT
FOR THE STATE OF GEORGIA.
YU" ILL give the real owner of any lot, for $1 00:
"id examine and report the value of »tiy lot
! '' r 6* (Mi. Will sell and convey fur 5 percent.
,‘ e is now- agent for the sale of 2500 xacant lots
ln die State, and some of the best farms in South-
trn an d Cherokee, Gn. He will also buy lands in
Sl, v part of the State, at a fair price.
A.I letters addressed to him at Butler, Ga., will
meet with prompt attention.
N °v. 17, 1856. 26 ly
ETHERIDGE 8c SON,
* actors, Commission and Forwarding
Merobcan ts,
N.tr.wwia, ga.
Etheridge.
JaI J 15th, 1856.
D. F.THF.RIDGE, Jr
8 tf
MEDICAL NOTICE.
T*’*: 1 ndersigned having availed himself of all
the advantages of a Course in the Jefferson
f !f\- f at Philadelphia; and University of
' '■ »ork; Azlcttes private Lecture: Bedford's
great facilities at Bellveue and Emigrants
at!l ^ a practice of about three years; has
he « ; ' i ‘ nMe '. t at MARION, Twiggs county, where
“Mils a ;iheral share of patronage.
», . J. T. CHAPPELL, M. D.
^non, Twiggs county, Jan. 15,1857. 34 3ni
eat
H
ONTON AMBROTYPE
CV Al4ljj3Il.Y !
J’PaKLEY a white,
. ^ taken a room in Eatonton, will be
Proved*-.' . 10 1 • e LIKENESSES in the most im-
amiJ*^. “ a very short time. Call and ex-
we r "Petamens. As our stay will be short,
to rail soo a “ W “° “ re *“ Want of a * ood Hkeness
F»b 17 D i 7
(7 38 tf
MONROE
FEMALE UNIVERSITY.
COLLEGE DEPARTMENT.
, FACULTY FOR 1857.
Ber. W illiam C. AAilkes, A. M , President and
Prof, of Belles Lettres.
Kichard T. Asburr, A. M., Frof. Mathematics.
xtev. Alexis L. Marshall. A. M., Prof. Lan£u;ices
ana Moral Science.
Rev. Thomas E. Langley, Assistant Prof, of
Mathematics.
Mrs. Mary E. Chandler, Instructress in Higher
English.
Mrs. Mary A. Wilkes. Instructress in Botany.
Academic Department.
Rev. T. E. Langley, Principal, and Miss Laura
Fisher, Assistant.
Music Department.
L’rof. William Fisher, Principal, and Mrs M
A. Wilkes, Assistant.
Ornamental Department.
Mrs. M. E. Chandler.
Board and Tuition in College, per scholastic
year, for $142 to $150.
The Teachers can Board 50 young ladies in the
College.
The .Spring Term will begin on the 2nd Monday
January, 1657.
For further information address any officer of
the Faculty.
R. T. ASBURY, Sec'y. Faculty.
Forsyth, Ga., Dec. 13th. 1650. ' 30 '5 m
WAKTED,
A SITUATION AS A TEACHER.
A YOUNG LADA’, well qualified to Teach Eng
lish, French, Drawing, &e.. would be pleased
to get a situation as an Assistant Teacher in some
Female College, or as Teacher in a Female Semi
nary. She has had considerable experience as a
Teacher, and can furnish the most satisfactory re
ferences as to character aud qualifications. Ap
plication to the Federal Uuion Office, will meet
with prompt attention.
Dec. 10, 1856. 26 tf
TO COTTON PLANTERS-
THE COTTON PLANTER’S MANUEL :
Being a Compilation of Facts from the
Best Authorities
ON THE CULTURE OF COTTON,
Its Natural History,
Chemical Analysis,
Trade and Consumption,
AND EMBR ACING A HISTORY OF COTTON
AND THE COTTON GIN.
By J. A. Turner.
Price $ 1.
GARDENING FOR|THE SOUTH.
By W. N. White, of Athens, Georgia. A most
complete manuel for "every department of Horti
culture, embracing the Vegetable Garden, the
Fruit Garden the Flower Garden, aud the Pleas
ure Grounds, adapted particularly to the Southern
States. Price $1 25.
To be obtained of all Booksellers, or sent by us
prepaid to an v part of the Union on receipt of price.
C. M. SAXTON & CO.,
Agricultural Book Publishers,
140 Fulton-strect, Tew-York.
Feb. 16, 1857. 38 4t*
City Lots For Sale.
T WO two Acre Building Lots, in front of my
residence, lying on the street opposite the resi
dence of Mr Jeffries.
J. H. NISBET.
Milledgeville, Feb. 3d, 1857. 36 6t.
GRIST MILLS.
T HE best kind and fastest grinders, with Burr
Rooks, all complete, ready for use, at $100,
200, 300 and $400, each. For sale bv
S. C. HILLS,
12 Platt st. New York.
Feb. 17th, 1857. 3e Im.
Cooper’s Refined Shred Isinglass,
FOR BLANCMANGE, TABLE JELLIES, Arc.
A good and cheap article for Confectioners, Hotel
and Family use. To be obtained in large or small
quantities, with directions for using, of the princi
pal grocers aud druggists throughout the United
States. PETER COOPER, New York.
32 3m.
Dr. McLANE’S
CELEBRATED
VERMIFUGE
LIVER PILLS.
Two of the hr*! Preparations of the Age*
They are not recom
mended as Universal
Cure-alls, hut simply for
what their name pur
ports.
The Vermifuge, for
expelling Worms from
the human system, has
also been administered
with the most satisfactory
results to various animals
subject to Worms.
The Liver Pills, for
the cure of Liver Com
plaint, all Bilious De
rangements, Sick Head
ache, See.
Purchasers will please
be particular to ask for
Dr. C. McLane’s Cele
brated Vermifuge and
Liver Pills, prepared by
sole proprietors, Pitts
burgh, Pa., and take no
other, as there are various
other preparations now
before the public, pur
porting to be Vermifuge
and Liver Pills. All
others, in comparison
with Dr. McLane’s, are
worthless.
The genuine McLane’s
Vermifuge and Liver
Pills can now be had at
all respectable Drug
Stores.
FLEMING BRO S,
60 Wood St., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Sole Proprietors.
Srotil 4r Mead, No. Ill Clmrles st. New Orleans
General Wholesale Agents for the Southern
States, to whom all Orders must be addressed.
UP Sold by E. J. White; Jag. Herty; Wm. L
White & Co, Milledgeville: Geo. Payne, E. L.
Stroheker, Macon; I Newell, Gordon; Brail &.
Chambers. Iwnton; W. H. Burnett, Sparta; Z.
Gray, Sandersville; Long & Durham, Jefferson
ville; N. S. Prnden, Eatonton; Hurd & Hun-
gerford, Monticello; and by one agent in every
town in the State. [march 25. ’56. ly
C.Y kmuui
• )
Bliss’ Dyspeptic Bemerfy,
Sold iy J.\Herty and W. L White Sr Co.
|lot trji.
Tbe Bride.
Enrobed in silks of lustre rich and white.
And pale as Parian marble pure,
Chisled by master hand—
Trembling she stood.—
Fit type of woman’s loveliness!
No jewels bright she wore of gold—norfgem—
A simple wreath entwined itself
Within her silken hair,
Which, well disposed in curtain folds,
Fell o'er her snowy brow,
Wlulo on her breast, which half disclosed,
Heaved with commotion wild,
A solitary rose of purest whiteness bloom'd!
As clings the tender vine
Unto the nidged oak. whose gnarled limbs
Had brook'd the strength of many a wintry blast,
She unto him. who swore to be her stay thro’ life,
In child-like fondness clung.
Ay, thus in simple modesty she stood,
And breathed the sacred vow
While Angels lingered near
To catch the echo soft, and bear it home.
There to enroll it on the records of the skies!
Oh! thou most favor'd man
Whose happy lot to win and wear so fair a prize,
Guard well, and be thou faithful to the trust
W hich God to thee has given.
Thro' life be her shield and stay,
From harm defend with thy strong anil.
When danger doth assail,
And let not e'en the winds of Heaven
Too roughly visit her fair brow,
When they would ill portend.
And she will be to thee
Most true and kindt
A guardian Angel she will be to thee—
A star to guide thy steps from error’s way;
She'll soothe the cares indigenous to mind,
And strew thy path with flowers ofjoy.
And when “life's fitfnl dream is o’er—
Should’t thou Death's call first hear—
When life’s faint lamp, is flick’ring out,
And the roar of Jordan's waters greets thy ear,
Around thy couch a prayer she'll breathe;
That burns with a wife's last hope,
Pointing thy spiiit to a happier home,
Beyond this vale of tears!
Washington, Feb. JK>7. M. Ashford.
‘■Bark!! 1 Ht'arjanjtngfljSing."
Hark ! I hear an angel sing,
Angels now are on the wing;
And their voices are singing clear,
Tell us that the Spring is near.
Dost thou hear, then, gentle one—
Dost thou see the glorious Sun,
Rising higher in the sky,
As each day, as each day it passess by.
Just behind yon clift of snow,
Silver rivers brightly flow;
Smiling woods and fields are seen,
Mantled in a robe of green.
Birds, and Bees and fruits aud flowers.
Tell us all of vernal hours,
Where the birds are weaving lays.
For the happy, the happy Spring time days.
Look, oh look, the Southern sky
Mirrors flowers of every dye;
Children tripping o’er the plain—
Spring is coming back again.
Spring is coming, shouts of glee,
Singing birds on bush and tree.
And the birds with their merry hums.
For tbe Spring time comes, the Spring time
[ comes.
babits. Again, plants purchased fron
nurserymen have frequently been mixed.
Sometimes plants have been sent out undei
wrong names.
The strawberries in cultivation may be
divided with respect to their sexual charac
ter into three class.
1st. , Plants in which the blossoms are
all perfect; that is, having both pistils and
stamens. Such plants will fruit by them
selves, and on that account are preferable,
provided they are as productive as the
other kinds. But nearly all of these are
liable to blast, some more and some less.—
These are called Hermaphrodite or Stam-
inate plants.
2nd. Plants in whieh the stamens or
male organs are wanting. Plants of this
character are usually productive, provided
they are impregnated by kinds having
male organs. These are called pistilate or
female plants.
3d. Plants on which some of the blos
soms are perfect while others wants the
male organs. We have no name for this
class of plants—they are usually called
Hermanphrodite.
These three kinds never change their
character by being propagated from run
ners; hut when their seed is sown, the
plants thus raised may be of either of three
kinds.
IHisrtlhneous.
From the American Agriculturist.
Chapters on Strawberries.
We will now endeavor to explain the
sexual character of tbe straw berry. A1
though this subject lias been frequent
ly referred to, few persons, we believe,
have any clear notions of the matter.—
This is not one of theory only, hut of
much practical importance. We have fre
quently heard complaints of strawberry
beds not bearing any fruit, although the
plants were in good condition, and gave
great promise of fruit, having been white
with bloom. Now, if the character of the
plant had been known by the owners of
these beds, no such disappointment would
have occurred. A peculiarity of sexual
character belongs to two species of the
strawberry, which we believe does not at
tach to the other species. If the wild
plants of Nortli America [the Virginiana]
be carefully examined, it will be found that
on some, all the blossoms are perfect, being
furnished with both sexual organs, sta
mens and pistils. Such plants will hear
fruit of themselves. Other plants will be
found, all of whose blossoms are entirely
wanting in the male organs; that is, sta
mens. Such plants being furnished only
with pistils, or the get ms of berries, will
not perfect their fruit unless they are made
fertile by the pollen coming from plants
that have the male organs. The same is
true of the Hautboy of Bohemia. The
Common Wood Strawberry of Europe has
always perfect blossoms, and so have the
Alpine strawberries. The Grandiflora,
sometimes called Pine strawberries, and
the Chili, frequenty have both kinds of
blossoms on the same plant; but have not a
distinct separation of the different sexual
organs; that is, no ■plant is wanting in the
male organs. These pcculiarliaties of the
different species are propagated when
plants are raised from seed. This pecu
liarity of the sexual character of the Haut
boy strawberry was long since noticed in
England. Some kinds raised from the
seed of the Hautboy were found to be
very productive when in the vicinity of
other Hautboy strawberry plants, but were
entirely barren when standing alone. Al
though this sexual nature of tbe Hautboy
was well known in England, it was not
supposed to be incident to any other kind.
This may be accounted for from the fact
that nearly all the most esteemed kinds
grown in England for a long time have
been raisedjfrom the Grandiflora, and there
fore not subject to this anomaly. We have
only known one or two varieties raised in
England tlmt ere nencent in tne mate
organs. But in the United States, where
seedling plants have been raised from the
Scarlet strawberry, and from the Pine and
Scarlet combined, it has been no uncom
mon thing for plants of these different sex
ual characters to he produced, and it has
so happened that some of our most esteem
ed and productive kinds have been want
ing in stamens. Of these we might men
tion the Hudson Bay, Hovey’s Seedling,
Burr’s New Pine; and McAvoy’s Superior.
All of these, from the smallness of their
blossoms; we judge to he Seedlings, par
taking of the nature of the Scarlet straw
berry. The sexual character of the Hud
son Bay was noticed many years since by
the elder Mr Prince, of Flushing, Long
Island, who was in the practiced planting
about ten plants having the male organs to
one hundred of those having hut the female
organs. More recently, tbe same was
practised by some German Gardeners of
Cincinnati, from whom the secret was learn
ed by Mr. Longworth, who made it known
to the world. During the last ten years,
much has been said and written on the sub
ject. By many, the facts have been de
nied, hut in all cases, it has been found
that they have been either deceived in
the kinds with whieh they experimented,
or did not take sufficient caution to pre
vent the plants from being impregnated by
others in their ueigeborhood. Some again
have contended that plants change their
character from difference of soil or season;
but this has in no case been really the fact.
New Plants spring up vor^r rapidly from
seed, which, being undiscovered till fail
grown, and being of a different sexual
character from those planted, have been
supposed to have really changed their
Opening of the British Parliament.
The British Parliament was opened on
the 3d ult., by royal commission. The
Lord Chancellor read the royal speech to
both houses of the legislature, which is as
follows:
Afy Lords and Gentlemen :
\V e are commanded to assure you that
her Majesty has great satisfaction in re
curring again to the advice and assistance
of her Parliament.
We are commanded by her Majesty to
inform you that difficulties which arose in
regard to some of the provisions of the
treaty of' Paris delayed the complete ex
ecution of the stipulations of that treaty.
These difficulties have been overcome in a
satisfactory manner, and the intentions of
the treaty have been fully maintained.
An insurrectionary movement which
took place in September last in the Swiss
canton of Ncufchatcl, for the purpose of
re-establishing in that canton the authority
of the King of Prussia, as Prince of Nenf-
chatel, led to serious differences between
his Majesty and the Swiss Confederation,
threatening at one time to disturb the gen
eral peace of Europe; hut her Majesty
commands us to inform you that in concert
with her august ally the Emperor of the
French, she is endeavoring to bring about
an amicable settlement of the matter in
dispute, and her Majesty entertains a con
fident expectation that an honorable and
satisfactory arrangement will be concluded.
In consequence of certain discussions
which took place during the conferences
at Paris, and which are recorded in the
protocols that were laid before you, her
Majesty and the Emperor of the French
caused communications to be made to tiie
government of the King of the Two Sici
lies. for the purpose of inducing him to
adopt a course of policy calculated to avert
dangers which might disturb that peace
which had been so recently restored tc
Europe. Her Majesty commands us to in
form von that the manner in which these
friendly communications were received by
his Sicilian Majesty was such as to lead
her Majesty and the Emperorof the French
to discontinue their diplomatic relations
with his Sicilian Majesty, and they have
accordingly withdrawn their missions from
the Court of Naples. Her Majesty has
directed that papers relating to this subject
shall he laid before you.
Her Majesty commands us to inform
you that she has been engaged in new ne
gotiations with the government of the Uni
ted States, and also with the government
of Honduras, which she trusts will be suc
cessful in removing all cause of misunder
standing with respect to Central America.
Her Majesty commands us to express to
you her regret that the conduct of the Per
sian government has led to hostilities be
tween her Majesty and the Shah of Persia.
The Persian government, in defiance of
repeated warnings, and in violation of its
engagements, has heseiged and captured
the important city of Herat. We are
commanded by her Majesty to inform you
that a naval and military force, despatched
from Bombay, has taken possession of the
island of Karrack, and of the town of
Bushire, with a view to induce the Shah to
accede to the just demands of her Majes
ty’s government. Her Majesty has seen ;
with satisfaction that the naval and milita
ry forces employed on this occasion have
displayed their accustomed gallantry and j
spirit.
Her Majesty commands us to inform you j
that acts of violence and insult to the I
British flag, and infraction of treaty rights [
committed by the local Chinese authorities
at Canton, and a pertinacious refusal of
redress, have rendered it necessary for her
Majesty’s officers in China to have re
course to measures of force to obtain satis
faction. These measures had, up to the
date ot the last accounts, been taken with
great forbearance, but with signal success
as regards the conflicts to which they had
led. We are commanded to inform you
that her Majesty trusts that the govern
ment of I’ekiu will seo the propriety of
affording the satisfaction demanded, and of
A»niniiig us treaty engagements.
Gentlemen of the House of Commons:
Her Majesty lias directed the estimates
for the ensuing year to be laid before you ;
they have been prepared with every at
tention to economy, and with a due regard
to the efficient performance of the public
service at home and abroad.
My Lords and Gentlemen :
Her Majesty commands us to inform you
that bills will he submitted to your consid
eration for the consolidation and the
amendment of important portions of the
law, and her Majesty doubts uot that you
will give your earnest attention to matters
deeply aflecting the interests of all classes
of her subjects.
Her Majesty commands us to recommend
to your consideration the expediency of
renewing for a further period the privileges
of the Bank of England, the conditions
imposed on the issue of hank notes in the
United Kingdoms, and the state of the
law relating to joint-stock banks.
Her Majesty commands us to express
the gratification which it affords her Ma
jesty to witness the general well-being and
contentment of her people, and to find
that, notwithstanding the sacrilices una
voidably attendant upon such a war as
that which has lately terminated, the re
sources of the country remain unimpaired,
and its productive industry continues un
checked in its coarse of progressive devel
opment.
Her Majesty commits with confidence
the great interests of the country to your
wisdom and care, and fervently prays that
the blessings of Almighty God may attend
your deliberations and prosper yonr coun
cils for the advancement of the welfare
and happiness of her loyal and faithful
people.
The address in answer to the Queen’s
speech was proposed and seconded in both
houses in the usual manner. In the House
of Lords, the Earl of Derby severely cen
sured the government for their foreign pol
icy, making particular reference to the
wars in Persia and in China, and to the
Neapolitan intervention. Lord Clarendon
replied, in defence of the administration,
to the several comments of Lord Derby,
adding that it would have been better if
Lord D. “had adhered to his usual prac
tice and refrained from any allusion to for
eign polities until lie was in possession of
full information, which would shortly be
laid before the House.” Earl Grey moved
an amendment “that it was the duty of her
Majesty’s advisers to summon Parliament
and inform them of the state of affairs in
Persia before declaring war,” and charac
terized the hostilities with that country as
“unjust and impolitic.” The amendment
was negatived by a large majority, and the
address voted. In the House of Com
mons, Mr. Disraeli made a speech in con
demnation of the government, the purport
of which was almost the same as that of
Lord Derby in the upper House, to which
he added some remarks upon the financial
condition of England, with particular re
ference to the income tax, and gave notice
of his intention to move for a Committee of
the Whole to consider the subject The
Chancellor of the Exchequer briefly re
plied, promising to make his financial
statement “at the earliest possible op
portunity.” Mr. Gladstone and Lord John
ltussell also spoke in severe criticism of
the foreign and domestic policy of the gov
ernment. Lord Palmerston replied, and
the the address was voted unanimously.
On the 4th instant, on the motion for
bringing up the report on tbe address, Mr.
Hatfield adverted to the increasing cotton
manufactures of this country and the large
demand for raw material, condemning the
policy of purchasing it at high prices in
America, instead of looking to our vast
Indian territories for supplies.
Mr. Labouchere, in moving for a select
committee to consider the state of the
British possessions in North America, un
der the administration of the Hudson’s
Bay Company, or over which they possess
a license to trade, stated the reasons why
her Majesty’s government deemed it in
cumbent upon them to call the attention
of Pa-liament to the state of those posses
sions, involving, he observed, questions of
imperial policy, humanity, and justice, of
no ordinary magnitude.
Mr. Roebuck thought the Hudson’s Bay
Company were, by their very constitution,
opposed to colonization, and he desired
that British North America should hear the
preponderance in fact, which it did on the
map, against the growing power of the
United States. Instead of encouraging
settlement, however, the company acted
upon the narrow policy of paltry mer
chants. The motion was agreed to.
From the Washington Daily Union,
UTought-lron Tunnels.
We have examined with considerable
care, and we may truthfully add with the
liveliest satisfaction, a diagram of a tun
nel, to be constructed of wrought iron, in
vented by John AY. Cochran, Esq., at
present residing in the city of New York.
With but an imperfect knowledge of such
matters, we have still no hesitation in ex
pressing the belief that this tunnel is des
tined to supercede the use of every other
system of river tunneling known to the
world. The wrought-iron tunnel invented
by Air. 0. is made without rivets or bolts
or seams, and can be placed in its lied, in
the river, without resorting to coffer-dams.
By this means enormous expense is avoided
in the construction of tunnels, and the
great drawback of retarding navigation
which is necessarily encountered in the re
sort to coffer dams, is successfully over
come.
Under the conviction of the superior ad
vantages of Cochran’s tunnel, the Presi
dent and Directors of the Chicago Tunnel
Company have examined and adopted Air.
Cochran’s plan for the construction of one
of his tunnels. The obstructions which
have been occasioned to navigation
Chicago, by the use of the swinging
bridges, have rendered it necessary for
them to resort to tunneling to enable the
traffic to pass under the river. The prin
ciple reasons why this remedy has not
been adopted heretofore are the great ex
pense and the retarding of navigation
which it would occur and occasion. Coch
ran’s tunnel, from its comparative econo
my, removes the first objection, and in its
dispensing with the use ot coffer-dams
overcomes the second obstacle.
As everything connected with an im
provement which promises to revolutionize
the old mode of river tunneling, we give
below the official correspondence, accept
ing Air. Cochraffis plan and proposals :
Chicago, Oct. 11,1856.
Dear Sir: Your plan for a welded
wrought-iron tunnel under the Chicago
river, submitted to the Chicago Tunnel
Company, has been examined by the di
rectors of said company, and fully meets
their approbation so far as they can judge
from the examination made, as the best
iron tunnel ever proposed to them.
If further examination by the engineers
shall confirm then present opinions, and if
An Iran tnnmri ie adopted, I third; it will
be yours; and our present impressions are
that an iron tunnel may be preferred.
As soon as a full decision can be arrived
at by us we shall he ready, if your plans
are approved, to entertain propositions for
construction from you.
Yours, very truly,
WM. B. OGDEN,
President Chicago Tunnel Co.
J. W. Cochra.v, New York.
Chicago, Oct 13,1856.
At a meeting of the directors of the
Chicago Tunnel Company, held this day,
Air. Cochran's plans for a wrought-iron
tunnel were submitted and approved by
us. JAMES BEES,
HENRY FARNUM, C. E.
Detroit, Oct. 14, 1856.
I have examined Air. Cochran’s plans
for welding boiler plates and for making a
tunnel under the Chicago river. I feel
confident in the success of both. The
plan for a tunnel I thiuk the best I have
ever heard or read of.
E. B. WARD.
In addition to the engagements under
way with the Chicago Tunnel Company,
Mr. Cochran has been applied to to make
estimates for a tunnel under the river at
Buffalo and the St. Clair river at Detroit;
also, where it is now proposed to construct
a bridge across the Mississippi at St. Louis.
He has also received propositions from
Albany.
When constructed, a railroad can pass
through this tunnel under the river as se
curely as on land, and much more safely
than over a bridge. When we consider
the numerous and terrible disasters that
attend railroads from the falling, and other
accidents attending insecure bridges, and
the negligence to draws, one can readily
realize the incalulable advantages of Coch
ran’s tunnel in this respect.
The tunnel is constructed upon the same
principle of making steam boilers and iron
ships, without rivets, holts, or screws.
Thus built upon dry land, it is launched
like a ship into the water, the ends closed
up to float it; while a channel has been
previously prepared to receive it. When
placed in its bed, it is covered up and pro
tected securely from any obstacle that may
be floating about. The water which has
been previously introduced to sink it, is
pumped out. Its construction entirely
overcomes the effect of expansion and con
traction when the ends are connected with
the mason work at the various approaches.
This novel tunnel, thus ingeniously built
on land, when launched into the channel
of the river, is as secure, buried in its na
tive element, as the ship built upon the
shore is safe floating upon the sea.
AVe have dwelt upon this subject the
more from the fact that a report lias already
been made in reference to the construction
of a bridge across the Potomic at this
point, and that speedy action on the part ot
Congress is anxiously looked for. Air.
Cochran’s invention is now undergoing the
test of experiment. He expects to have
his tunnel made and laid under the bed of
the Chicago river within the next six
months. He claims that by his system at
least fifty per cent in money and in time
can be saved over any system of communi
cation between shore and shore ; or, in
other words, that he can tunnel the Poto
mac in half the time and for half the
money that would be required to construct
a bridge across the river. If his claims
should be full}- sustained by the experi
ment at Chicago, we presume Air. Coch
ran will experience no difficulty in making
a contract with our government for the
construction of this important work.
The Whole Business of Life.
The amiable and gifted Jane Taylor,
the last time she took up her pen—it was
on the day preceding her deatli—wrote as
follow!:
‘O, my dear friends, if you knew what
thoughts I have now, you would see as I
do, that whole business of lit© is preparing
for death.’
How much time is spent in preparing to
live ! How little in preparing to die !
One who had lived more than fifty years,
said, as the hand of death was upon him,
T have all my days been getting ready to
live, and now I must die.’
Would men spend as much time in pre
paring to die, as they spend preparing to
live, the physical agonies of death would
not so frequently be Lightened by the
agonies of despair.
‘The whole business of life is to prepare
for death.’ Thousands of death,—beds— 1
death-beds of rejoicing and death-beds of
despair—have borne witness to this truth.
The reader will hear witness to it—perhaps
at an early day.
In view of this truth, this very day
should be spent in preparing to die. (
Our chief attention should this day
be given jo things which shall prepare us for
the closing day of life.—In the same way
should all our coming days be spent.
Such a course would not render life a
dreary waste. Far from it.—That man
best enjoys life who is best preparen to
leave it.
It is a mournful thought, that in all pro
bability,some reader of these lines will meet
death without being perpared for its dread
realities.
Wouldn’t marry a Mechanic.
A young man commenced visiting a
young woman, and appeared to he well
pleased. One evening he called when it
was quite late, which led the girl to enquire
where he had been.
“I had to work to-night,” he replied.
“Do you work fora living?” inquired
the astonished girl,
“Certainly,” replied the young man; “1
am a mechanic.”
“Aly brother doesn’t work, and I dislike
the name of mechanic,” and she turned up
her pretty nose.
That was the last time the mechanic
visited the young woman. He is now a
wealthy man, and has one of the best of
woman for his wife. The young lady, who
dislike the name of a mechanic, is now the
wife of a miserable tool—a regular vagrant
about grog-shops—and she, poor miserable
girl, is obliged to take in washing,
in order to support herself and children.
Ye who dislike the name of a mechanic,
whose brothers do nothing but loaf ana dr*ss
—beware how you treat young men who
work for a living. Far better discard the
well-fed pauper, with all his rings, jewelry,
brazen-faeeduess, and pomposity, and take
to your affection the callous-handed, intel-
ligen, and iddustrious mechanic, Thousand
have bitterly regretted the folly, who have
turned their backs on honest industry, A
few years of bitter experince taught them
a severe lesson In this country, no man
or women should he respected, in our way
of thinking, who will not work bodily, or
mentally, and who curl their lips with scom,
when introduced to a hard working man.
Popalur Delusions.—It takes a keen ob-
scitci t" detect all tbe popular fallacies
that are rife in the country. AVe en pas
sant,, note a few of them:
It is a popular delusion to believe that
an editor is a public bellows, hound to puff
every thing and every body that wants to
use him.
That the most certain road to fortune is
through the turnpike of politics.
That a man’s intellect is in ratio with his
assurance.
That a poor, hungry player, though he
does wear a tinsel crown, can feel as hap
py as a king.
That the most Christain-like course
which a clergyman can follow is to slander
and vilify those who differ with him in the
doctrinal points, of faith.
The powder on a lady’s face has the
same effect as in the pan of a musket—as
sists her to go off.
That Nature, when she made “lovely
woman,” meant, but omitted, to have fin
ished her off with a bustle.
That the music of ajeonsumptive piano is
fully cpual to that of the spheres.
That a formidable moustache inspires
a poltroon with the courage of a brave
soldier:
That one’s country owes him a living and
will discharge the debt without any efforts
on his part for its recovery.
That an ignorant and vulgar man,
by being smuggled into one of thejlearued
professions, is a scholar and gentleman.
Air in Bedrooms.—It is said that a bird
suspended near the top of a curtained bed
stead in which people sleep, will general
ly be found dead in the morning, from
impure air. Small, close rooms in the
habitations of the poor, are generally as
ill-ventilated as tbe curtained bedstead.
Ik WMttag ClaMMla Bestead.
A seeming crisis in England is urging
tbe working classes there to extreme mea
sures. One-fourth of their number, as ap-
pearsfroin competent authority, are absol-
uely destitute of hre^d. Multitudes, daily*
apply for work at the London Docks, and
various other emporiums of labor, without
success. Twenty thousand men and boys
connected with the building trade alone,
hare been cast on the streets without occu
pation, or any immediate prospect of obtain
ing it. But a few weeks since, a meeting
was convened in Smitbneld for the purpose
of concerting measures to relieve the wide
spread distress felt so severely thoughout
the laboring population. It will not sppear
surprising that one of the speakers propos
ed a general emigration; alleging that “love
of country” became an absurdity in the
midst of such extreme misery as existed in
all the manufacturing cities and agricultu
ral districts, where the average earnings of
a laborer were about eight or nine shillings
a week.
In Liverpool, it was stated, that fifty
thousand of the inhabitants lived in squalid
cellars; and in London some half-a-million
rose every morning without knowing where
they could get a breakfast. In the heart of
the great British empire, surrounded
by the accumulated riches of flic world, in
this boasted golden age of commercial
prosperity, where art, science and literature
are in so flourishing a condition—where
political wisdom and economical science
assume, and have conceded to them, ability
to master all material difficulties—those
classes of the population which supply the
vital fluid to the body corporate are literal
ly in a famishing state, and forced to take
into their ow«i hands the question of their
imperative needs! There seems no resource
for the unfortunate mases of the laborers
and tradesmen but the poor house. They
may look in vain for help to the Court and
the Aristocracy. The policy of the leaders
on both sides in the nation is to support
the interests of the wealthy merchants and
employers; to their power and votes they
must look; they cower and tremble before
the imposing phalanx of capitalists. In
their worship of Mamon they imolate every
human sympathy, and the people, as of
old. are sacrificed to the golden calf.
Is it any wonder, in such a state of
things, that crime should be on the in
crease? It is only marvellous that the
desperation do not all turn thieves andmur-
derers, One remedy suggested at the
meeting was, that there should be an exten
sively organized National Association of
Unemployed AA’orkmen. The mass of
artisans and laborers form a great power in
the land, although unrecognised by their
stmeriors; and, if organized into societies
and corporations, they will both learn and
teach others their weight in the community,
and will percieve the real nature of the
National Constitution. They must under
stand, sooner or later,—and it might he
from such a desperate crisis as the present,
that they have little, to hope for from so
ciety, or the immediate action of govern
ment. The diatribe hurled against abuses
in Church and State by Thackeray, and
his lectures.—against the royalty whose
support absorbs so much of the public
revenue—points to the fact indicated by
these meetings of the poor, driven by neces
sity to inquire what they are to do, and as
sternly demands a reform. The commun
ity is criminated when even one in its midst
perishes of want. The workman in Eng
land is as much the slaves of his master as
a Southern negro. Many of the Aristocracy
have wept over the woes of Uncle ’Tom;
let them now look around them, and see how
the miseries entailed on the nation by an
expensire Government are thrust before
them. It wiil do them good to think over
the matter: and it will do good to the lux
urious and indolent of our own country, to
reflect that such a condition of things is a
violation of the laws under which our race
took possesion of the earth. Every man
who lives on this planet is entitled to his
food and lodging if willing to work for it.
Where he connot obtain it in exhange for
labor, there is wrong and impending punish
ment for the nation that suffers it.— New
York Express.
—
The Charms of Life.
There are a thousand things in this
world to afflict and sadden—but how many
that are beautiful and good. Tbe world
teems with beauty, with objects which
gladden the eye and warm the heart.
AVe might be happy if we would. There
are ills which we cannot escape—the
approach ofmisfortune, sunderingot'eartlily
ties, and the canker worm of grief, hut a
vast majority of the evils which beset us
might be avoided—The curse of inteper-
ance, interwoven with the ligaments of
society, on which never strikes hut to des
troy.—There is not one bright page upon
the record of its progress—nothing to
shield it from the hartiest execrations of the
human race, it should not exist—it must
not. Do away with all this—let wars
come to an end. and let friendship, charity,
love, purity and kindness make the inter
course between man and man. We are
too selfish, as if the world was made for
us alone. How much happier would we be
were we to labor more earnestly to promote
each other’s good.—God has blessed us
with a home which is not at all dark.
There is sunshine every where—in the sky,
upon the earth—there would be in most
hearts, if we would look around us. The
storms die away, and the bright sun shines
out. Summer drops her tinted curtain
upon the earth, which is very beautiful,
even when autumn breathes her changing
breath upon it. God reigns in heaven.
Murmur not at a being so bountiful, and
who can live happier than we.
Georgia Gold.—A paragraph from the
last Dald onega paper speaks confidently,
though seemingly extravagantly, of the
richness of that county in golden ore.
TliO editor thinks that uo region in
California, of the same extent, is richer in
the precious metal than Lumpkin county.
A\ T e have also before us a specimen of
gold-bearing quartz from the mine of
Mrs.Viucent, of Paulding county, Ga.,
which appears to be rich and from its
softness very easily crushed and worked;
and we have heard verbal reports of the
great richness of some mines in Union
county.—Columbus Enquirer.
A bad Night.—A gentleman was once
dining with a friend, when a most dreadful
storm aiose. In hopes of its abatement
the entertainment was prolonged to the
latest possible hour; but at length it was
over, and the storm showed no signs of
ceasing, hut, on the contraij; grew worse'
and worse. The host insisted upon his
guest’s acceptance of a lodging for the
nighk in view of the impossibility of reach
ing his home. The guest complied, but in
a few minutes was missed from tne parlor.
In half an hour lie reappeared, drenched
with rain.—“AA'here, in heaven’s name,
have you been?“ asked the host, viewing
the singular object, which looked like a dog
about the paws, and a weeping-willow
about the head.—“I?“ said he, quietly
shaking off the water—“ I have been at
home to tell my wife that, as it was such a
bad night, I should not return.“
To Cure Beef.—Disolve six pounds of
salt, two pounds of brown sugar, and two
ounces of saltpeter, in four gollons of
water. This is sufficient to cure one
barrel of beef. After allowing tbe beet to
remain in this mixture three weeks, pour
off the pickle, boil it, skim it, and when
cold pour it on the beef again. You may
keep beef in this sort of pickle for twelve