Newspaper Page Text
(Tljc (Ton n
r u in ;t it.
'•Give me.indulgent gods! with mind serene,
And guiltless heart, to range the sylvan scene.”
Vol. I. Tuesday, May 5, 1857. No. 4.
t defining the term, and then some in its np-
tion to the “peculiar institution” of the South.
WHIT IS SLAVERY ?
While the Northern people—or a portion of them,
for we would not do injustice to any one—are so
much exercised on the subject of “slavery,” it may
not he amiss to enquire what “slavery” is. The
question is soon answered, thinks almost every one,
witketn thinking. But there are some difficulties
abont
plication to the 1 'pr
A resort to Webster’s Quarto gives us this define
tion of slavery: “bondage; llie state of entire sub
jection of one person to the will of smother.”
Bondage is a mere synonym of slavery, and gives
ns no explanation of the first term. But take the
second definition,“the state of entire subjection gf
one person to the will of another,” and it will be
found that, aceoiding to this meaning of the term,
slavery dots not exist in tiie Southern States. Thus
defined, slavery existed in the olden time, and does
to this day, in absolute despotisms, where the will
of the ruler may take away the life of his subject
— brtf no wheie else. We cannot conceive that
bondage to be right, which would give the master
power to take away the life ot his slave, unless
masters were more nearly perfect than they are.
We would boas much opposed to slavery, with this
prerogative attached to the master, as any one.
But although, according to a decision of our Su
preme Court of Georgia, it is no felony at common
law in this State to kill a negro slave, yet it is
made a felony here by statute, and so we presume
in all the Southern States. Therefore there is no
such slavery it; the Southern States as that defined
by Webster.
But although we have not slavery n= it is defined
by Webster, we have among us what is called
slavery. And we wish it h« rne in mind that the
negro slavery in the Southern States is an institu
tion peculiar to these States, end is not to be con
founded with the slavrrv which existed among the
Jews and Greeks, the Komans, ti e Anglo-Saxons,
or other ancient nations, or which now exists in
many barbarous countries, and in some tailing
themselves civilized, or enlightened. It must not
even he confounded with slavery as it exists, or
existed, in South America. Mexico, and the West
Indies. For among ail these people, and ir. all
these countries, the master either had power over
the life of his slave, or it was so great in oilier res
pects, that fhetc might be said to he a "state of
entire subjection of one person to the will of an
other.”
The nearest definition of slavery as it exists in
the Southern States is that given by Beley when he
says “Slavery is the obligation to labor for the
benefit of the master, without the contract or con
sent of the servant.” But even this definition is
not altogether applicable to the institution as it
exists amuiig us. For the obligation on the part
of the negro to work is nor exclusively for the
benefit of the master.
In the State of Georgia, which we will take to
illustrate the laws of slavery in the Southern States
gem-rally, the master has power over tin- slave—
To command his services at such labor as the
master shall designate—
To confine the slave, and restrain him of his
personal liberty—
To inflict corporeal punishment—
To sell the slave to another master.
Rut the slave has the right under the law—
To cease from labor on the Sabbath—
To have onlv reasonable task-work required of
him—
To have of ids master food and raiment, in con
sideration of his services—
To have this food and raiment after he becomes
old and infirm, and unable to labor—
To have the master restrained in any punish
ment which may be inflicted tipcn him by the fear
of fine and imprisonment in the event of cruel
treatment—
To sue for his freedom, if illegally held in bond
age, and to have Jury trial—
And, in ease of a killing on the part of the mas
ter. to demand from his grave through the voice of
the law ttie life of that master, unless he has com
mitted only justifiable homicide.
These provisions as to master and slave are all
expressly laid down in the letter of our Georgia
-statute. And we hesitate not in saying that our
slaves have just as many privileges, w ith some few
exceptions, guaranteed them by law, as arc neces
sary to their enjoyment and happiness.
If these negroes, which we have among ns,
were in Africa, in their original savage ana un
tamed state, we would say let them remain there. I
Let us not bring them among us to assume the
responsibility of so governing them as to make
them happy. But they are among us, and
the responsibility of so governing them as to se
cure to them the great ends of life, is upon us.
To place them under individual masters, jointly
with the mastership c.f the Slate, and nut under
the rnlcrsh.p of the State alone, is the best and
only thing that can be done for them.
Under the curse of the Almighty, to earn his
bread by the sweat of his blow, is the lot of man,
African as well as Caucasian. The African ne
groes among us, being indolent and stupid, need
masters to force them to earn their daily bread.
This is illustrated by the thriftless and lorioni con
dition of the free negroes among us.
Speaking of the necessity man is under to earn
his bread by labor, brings us to the first right
which we laid down as being possessed hv tlie
master over his slave—the right to command his
services at such labor as the master shall designate.
The first and main cbj-ct of ail labor is to se
cure a competency of food and raiment. This the
slave does by tilling the soil ot his master. And
for tilling that soil, the law secures to him meat,
bread, clothing and shelter. And these, after all,
are what “earth's toiling millions, ’ whether osten
sibly bond or free, labor for. And he who is in
possession of these, is in a very comfortable con
dition, and knows nothing about the pinchings of
poverty.—“Poverty,” says Cobbett, who can nev
er be suspected of being against the lower classes,
and in favor of the high—“Povertv is not a posi
tion. hut a relative term. Burke* observed, and
very truly, that a laborer who earned a sufficiency
to maintain him as a laborer, and to maintain him
in a suitable manner: to give liim a sufficiency of
good food, of clothing, of lodging and of fuel,
ought not to be called a poor man : for that, though
he had little riches, though his, compared w ith that
of a lord, was a state of poverty, it was not a state
of poverty in itself.”
Now as there are no chains so galling as those of
poverty, and no slavery so bitter as that of hunger
and destitution, the negro slave of the South, ifhe
were enlightened enough to understand his own
situation, might well thank his master for that
slavery w hich commands his services in such a
way as to secure to the slave himself food and rai
ment, and drives off from him the worse bondage
of hnnger and poverty, whose chains he would as
suredly wear if left to himself.
It follow s, therefore, that when the master com
mands the services of his negro slave, it does not
produce a slavery which is a curse to the bond
man, but actually saves him from a worse bondage.
We say boldly, and challenge the whole tribe^of
abolitionists, from the patrician in Exeter Hall to
the “shot bag” in Gotham, to deny it—that the
joint government of the master and the State over
the Southern negro, is no more of a bondage to
him than the government of constitutions "and
laws is a bondage to the inhabitants ot Great Brit
ain and New York. Nay, we will go farther, and
say that in many Euroneau countries, if not in
England itself, the laws which govern their citi
zens make them far more slaves than our m e-roes
are.
The terms slavery and liberty are very indefinite
terms. There may be such a thing its absolute
slavery, but hardly such a thing as absolute liber
ty. Absolute slavery is the entire subjection ot
one person to the will of another. The tyrant up- .
on his throne who has power over the life, liberty
and property of his subject, holds that subject in
absolute slavery. But then that tyrant, though
without the-checks of laws or constitutions in his
own dominions, has not the absolute liberty to do
as he pleases elsewhere. He is held in restraint
by the laws of nations, and the armies and navies
of foreign powers. In addition to this, in a limited
monarchy, the potentate is restrained by the con
stitution of his realm. 1 he Jaws of nations limit
the absolute tyrant in 1 is foreign polic y. Besides
these, the limited monarc h feels the o’heck of his
domestic constitution, and the subjects of both, as
well ns the citizens of republics, are restrained of
their liberty by the laws of the- governments tinder
which they live. Hence there is no absolute liber
ty. And mankind, from tbe autocrat of all the
Russia*, down to the semi-hsutish African, are.
aud must be, GOVERNED. And if governed so as
to secure the ends for which all governments are
instituted—life, and happiness—then they are nUt
slaves. They are only slaves when governed so
as to defeat the great ends «f lift-: and these ends
of life are graduated according to the mental and
moral condition of tlm persons governed. There is
no absolute standard of the objects or ends of life,
by which to test all the different races and condi
tions of men. What would produce happiness in
one man, would bring misery to another. What
would suit the tastes and meet the wants of an in
tellectual and refined Caucasian, would be lint illy
adapted to the requirements of an animalized and
brmisb negro. Tiie Republican government of tiie
United States secures the greatest amount of hap-
piuoss—the proper end ol all government—to the
and the very same end is best secured to
the latter bv tbe government of his Southern mas-
,jectt0 ,llc checks imposed upon the master
SL.u Ji* n P ove ™ mi n». Hence we sav that the
Americans. Yet they live under goverumt u f,
which, although in themselves having fewer pow
ers than those of the Southern master over his ne
gro, are nevertheless more enslaving to those over
wbom they .exercise control than that which rules
the African in Georgia, or South Carolina: for the
simple reason that tiie Europeans of whom we
speak have more longings and more impulses sub
ject to restraint under their government than the
Georgia African has tinder his. In determining
the question of liberty or slavery, we must not on'-
ly take into consideration the government itself,
but tbe nature, the character, the wants, the sen
sibilities of the governed. A government appar
ently despotic in itself may Weigh less heavily
upon its subject than one having per se fewer pow
ers, and a class of subjects over whom, from their
natures and attainments, scarcely any governm nt
at all is necessary. The .Southern' negro may be
subject to more restraints, in the abstract, than the
“Irish patriot, ' But the negro is ignorant, almost
n brute, having no refined sensibility, and know
ing nothing ot the mental anguish of being a
slave. The discipline to which he is subject is
only a wholesome restraint of bis animal nature,
and so long as he has “food and raiment,” in the
language of Paul, ‘ he is content.”
But not so with tiie "Irish patriot." He may be
subject to fewer powers than the Southern negro,
but he has many more feelings and sympathies
to gratify, and his government restrains hint more
of his liberty than tbe government of the South
ern “slave” does him of his: because the latt, r.
having fewer wishes to gratify,.and those that h<
has not being of a sensitive character, lie does not
teel Ids nominal bondage as does the patriot of thr
Emerald Isle, every fibre of whose heart and soul
is alive to the gating of Ms English chains: and
who never feels the operation of a British law
that his heart does not sigh for the time—
“Ere the emerald gem of the western world
Was set in the crow n of a stranger.”
In selecting the “Irish patriot” by way of illus
tration, we have made choice of one who is in
reality subject to fewer restraints than many other
European subjects.
Now we are quite ready to admit that if you take
a refined and highly cultivated w hite man, and .sub
mit him to the same government as that to whieh the
■Southern negro is subject, it would be not only-
slavery to him, but tbe incst galling tyranny. But
he is a very different being from the negro, and
what would be slavery to him, is not necessarily
slavery to the African.
We have other views to present in elaboration of
this point, and of others, but must defer them for
future articles.
have tired you, my triend, with a long letter. But
your tedium will end with a few lines more. Mine
lias v.-t two years to emiure. I am tired of an
office where I can do no more good than many oth
ers, who w ould be glad to be employed iu it. To
myself, personally, it brings nothing but'unc'-as-
ing drudgery, and daily' ioss of frieuds. Every
office becoming vacant, every appointment made,
me donne un ingrnt, ct cent mneons. My only con
solation is in the belief that my f llow-citizens at
large give me credit for good intentions.”
( Let Mr. Buchanan b ware of tbe “one ingrate,”
and tbe “handled enemies.”)
To James Monroe Mr. Jefferson writes, Feb. 13,
13 id:—“.My longings tor retirement are so strong,
that I with difficulty encounter the daily drudgeries
of my duty.”
To some person he .writes, March 10, 1808:—
“For myself 1 have nothing further to ask of the
world, than to preserve in retirement so much of
their esteem as I may have fairly earned, and to be
permitted to pass in tranquility, iu the bosom of
my family and friends, the days w hich yet remain
for me. Ha\ ing reached the harbor myself, I shall
view with anxiety (bat certainly not with a wish
to be in their place) those who tire still buttering
the storm, uncertain of their fate.”
All tbe above extracts were written subsequent
ly to the passage of Mr. Crawford’s resolution.
From them it may' he surmised how Mr. Jefferson
regarded and replied to the call from Georgia to be
President a third term.
THE YEW COVER YOU OF K4YS1N.
Every one must fee! gratified that Mr. Buchanan
has appointed Mr Walker Governor of Kansas
I We hive ail along needed a man, and not a pup
pet, to administer the laws in that Territory.
| Moreover, we should have had a Southern man to
I act in unison with the Territorial Legislature. Mr.
l Walker is not ouly a man, but a Southern man—a
I Southern gentleman. A.nd when we say this, we
! pass upon him the highest compliment in our pow-
| i-r. For, like the Kamskatans, we believe our sec
tion produces man, and gentleman, in bis highest
| development. Nor are we singular in this opinion.
For your Lord Morpeths and your Miss Murrays
hold the same. They came from among the Eng
lish aristocracy, and are au fait in such matters, so
it may be presumed. We do not cite them because
ice care an iota for their opinions any more than we
do for the opinions of any other respectable and
enlightened foreigner: but because we want the
Snobs—of whom there is a smart sprinkling in
America—to know what certain of the “English
Nobility” think of us Southerners.
YVe believe it is a pretty well considered point
that in the Southern character there is more of ex
ecutive and administrative ability' than in the
Northern. This forms an additional reason why a
Southern Governor should be sent to Kansas.
And when we take into consideration the fact that
R. J. Walker lias one of the best intellects in the
world, we see still more his remarkable fitness for
the post assigned him. For his appointment, let
all the world (excepting tbe Black Republicans)
and the Southern people especially, give great glo
ry to Mr. Buchanan’s administration.
IUPCRTAYT LAW IASS.
The ease of Helbing A: Wife vs. Buhlen, lately-
tried in Memphis, is rather an extraordinary one,
and seems to involve a principle which we do not
remember to have seen“before the court,” previous
to the case under consideration. Miss Agnes
j Handworker, seems by some handy work, or work
otherwise, to have gained a promise of marriage
| from Mr. Philip R. Bolden. But -Mr. Buhlen did
j net keep his promise. Subsequently, Miss Agnes
| married a Mr. Helbing, whose name should have an
j additional I in ihe Hist syllable, an r in the second
j syllable, and a transposition of both syllables, s
j that tbe “last should be first, and the first last,
i 1 hen there would be “something in a name.”
I But let ns “return to our sheep”—that is, the
j parties plaintiff. Mr. and Airs. Helbing. conceiv-
j ing that they had been damaged by a refusal on the
part of Bohh-n to marry Mrs. Helbing, late Miss
| Handworker, bring their action for damages, and
the Jury, in view of the facts of the case, rendered
a verdict of $125!) for the plaintiffs. The case re
duces itself to this: That Helbing sues Bolden
because Bohlen refused to marry his (Helbing’s)
wife. Not being informed as to the ground upon
which Helbing claimed damages, we are left to
conjecture; and the most plausible conjecture is
| that the Jury, upon taking into consideration iht
! fact that Bohlen, by refusing to marry Agnes, had
j left the door open for her to marry Britigbell—w«
j intended to say Helbing—a man who would site
j another one for not marrying his own wife, consid-
j ered her damaged to the amount of §125 il, and ren-
I dered a verdict accordingly. Or perhaps the Jury
I rendered their verdict because they considered
| Helbing injured by Bohlen, iu that he left the door
j open for him of the sulphureous name to be caught
| by Miss Agnes. We judge, however, from bet
| maiden name—Handworker—that she ought to bi
! a very serviceable wife; and if so. Mr. Helbing is
j not damaged. Upon the whole, we conclude iha-
I the Jury “hied” Bohlen, because he left the door
j open for Miss Agnes to be entrapped by such a fel
low as Helbing. Nevertheless, tln^ase presents
J many difficulties, and is a study for Jurists, mar-
I ried men, single men, maidens ami matrons. YYY
hope it will receive the attention it deserves. It
should be put in the volume of Causes Celcbrcs.
ITEMS FliOJI PARIS.
From a letter which we have just received from
a Georgia friend in Paris, under date of 29th
March, we extract the following items;—
“I am in Paris—the city of Paris—the Imperial
City of Napoleon the Great, as xvell as of Napoleon
the Less. In snying this, however, it is not my in
tention to convey tic* idea that his present majesty
is lacking in sense: by no means. When putin
connection with the present crowned heads of
of Europe, he is the greatest of them all: but a
small man irhen compared with his uncle, the Great.
Paris is the city of magnificence, of science and
of the arts—the centre of European civilization,
refinement., beauty, and—loafers! Every body
the appearance of a man of business, and
seems as if he bad just come into the city to spend
his money and enjoy himself. Here you meet with
many pretty women: but as a general thing wc
have tbe prettiest women iu the. world. The
French women, however, excel all others in fitting
their dresses, and in having the prettiest feet and
ancles in the world. would not appre
ciate the feet and ancles of these French sylphs,
by reason of his having cultivated a different kind
of taste. is rather too old to appreciate
them much. My friend would bethe very
man to take a promenade iu the Rue Rovoli,
Champs Elysees. and above all at the Boulevards.
These are splendid places, where all the pretty wo
men come out of evenings to see and to be seen.—
At night every body goes to the theatres, soirees,
or some kind of public amusement. If a man
docs’nt get the x'alue of liis money here, it is bis
own tault.
The decision of the Supreme Court in the Dred
Scott case, is not much relished by the vagrant
Yankees who are njgs- infesting Europe by thous
ands. All the abomion Yankees are always ready
to join foreign abolitionists in abusing the institu
tions of their country. The Yankee and the Eng
lishman are every where, and are always growling
because some Frenchman, they say, has cheated
them out of a few francs
1 saw the Emperor on horse-back, last week, ri
ding between two others on horse-back. He looked
remarkably well, but did not fill the saddle very
well: that is, he is not a graceful rider, in conse
quence of the shortness of his legs.
The Empress is beautiful. 8he is very affable
and gracious : bows to every body, and alw ays has
a most exquisite smile upon her countenance.
The present government is the best for the
French people. I hear that the elder family of the
Bonrbons will give in their adhesion to the present
Emperor. He will know- how to conciliate them,
and finally extinguish their title to the throne by
making tbe most distinguished of them Senators
and Dukes. The descendents of Louis Phillips
will be treated as pretenders, as the Stewarts were
in England. The founder of Louis Phillipo’s fam
ily was a bastard. This family descended from
Madame de Montespan, one of the mistresses of
Louis XIY'.
I will write yon, the next time, something more
interesting.”
“JEEFEUSOY AYR A THIRD TERR TOR TIB
PRESIDEYCY.”
re say that the
realiy no more of a bondman
Southern negro* i
than the Englishman or the New Yorker
Jrwmaw*.**--'
great, s r amount of happiness, ac-ordingt,!",?* ^
for enjoyment—ns it ; s ,
pabifity » is demonstrable that
tic- has—and tne European is sul.j ec , to a ’
ment whose sole aim is to aggrandize the nil~*
wul"mt rendering happy the governed, then it,,’
proper end of government is ignored, and the sub-
J Bct becomes more or lees a slave. In many of
the despotisms of Europe are men refined, intel
Jectual, and educated, possessing all the tastes
toolings and sensibilities of cultivated and free
Under this caption we notice in the Recorder of
21st April, a communication from Mr. Miller, au
thor of proposed “Sketches of the Bench and Bat
of Georgia,” giving a resolution ot the Georgia
Legislature of l- 3 (i, introduced by YVm. H. Craw
ford. requesting Mr Jefferson to serve as President
for a third Term. “What reply, if any, was given”
by Mr Jefferson, adds Mr. Miller, “no recoid or
tradition has informed me.”
YVe know' not w hat reply in form Mr. Jefferson
gave to the ri solution of Georgia concerning his
service for a Third Term. But his writings afford
abundant ex’idenee of the probable spirit of the
reply, if the resolution was brought to his notice.
Speaking of the proposed amendments to the Con
stitution. after if .was presented to the States for
their ratification, he says:—
“The amendment against the re-eligibility of
the President was not proposed. Mv fears of that
feature were founded on the importance of the
the office, on the fierce contentions it might excite
among ourselves, if continnable for life, and the
dangers of interference cither
arms, by foreign nations, to whom the choice of
an American President might become interesting
Examples of this abounded in history; in the case
of the Roman Emperors for instance; of the
Popes, while of ary significance; of the German
Emperors: the Kings of Poland, and the Devs of
Barbary. I had observed, too, in the feudal histo
ry. and in the recent instance, particularly of the
Stadholder of Holland, how easily offices, or ten
ures for life, slide into inheritance. My wish,
therefore, was that the President should be elected
for seven veais. and bo ineligible afterwards.
This term I thought sufficient to enable him, with
the concurrence of the Legislature, to carry
throng 11 and establish any system of improvement
he should propose for the general good. But the j
practice adopted, 1 think, is better, allowing his I
continuance for eight years, xvifh a liability to lie j
dropped at half way of the term, making that .a|
AFFAIRS EY ITUI.
The Mormons are a troublesome people, Brig
ham Young is no doubt a great knave, and his fol
lowers .are great dupes. What to do with them, is
the question. So long .as they would obey the
law s of tbe United States, we were for letting them
aiouc with their polygamy. It is very bad, it is
tiue. But then it is their religion: and we are for
letting people’s religion alone, however wicked it
may be, when they make themselves the objects
of their own meanness. But wlien their religion
makes them trench upon tiie rights of others, and
disobey the laws of the country, then we go for
putting down both them and their religion. Peo
ple may have religions freedom, so long as it does
not make them rebels against the government.
When it docs, then their cloak of liypocricy should
lie torn off, if need be, with tbe point of the bayo
net. Hence we arc glad to see Mr. Buchanan
about to -vindicate by force the laws of the coun
try against that old blaspheming roar, Brigham
Young. We might, suggest to Air. Buchanan a
very fit envoy from Putnam county, to look after
Brigham, But if we do so, it will be by private
letter.
REV. 7IR. KALLOfR.
This renowned Boston clergyman, who has late
ly been on bis trial for adultery, is, it is said, abont
to abandon tbe ministry, and take to the law. YY’e
hope this latter profession will not be defiled by
his presence: for though it presents a pretty good
opportunity for the perpetration of meanness, yet
we think that our reverend divine could enter up
on no better field for the exhibition of his particu
lar talfcnt, including ail other rascality, than that
of a New England clergyman. Being, as he is, a
great egotist, let him remain iu love with the
priestly gown and Kalloch.O! (calico.)
Democratic Retting in Jones (entity.
The Democratic Party of Jones County, in
pursuance of notice, met this day at the Court
House in Clinton, and on motion, Major Leroy
Singleton was called to the chair, and E. Hutchings,
Esq., repgested to act as Secretary.
The Chairman explained the object of the meet
ing in a few well-timed and pertinent remarks.
G'-n. D. N. Smith offered the following preamble
and resolutions:
Whereas, We hail in the recent elecfon of Buchan
an and Breekenridge, a glorious triumph of State
Rights and Constitutional Liberty, and feel that to
the etfoits of the National Democratic Party, in that
election, we now owe the peace and prosperity that
smile upon our country.
Resulted, That we will ever cherish a sacred and
abiding attachment to the time-honored principles
of the Democratic Party, believing our hopes and
fortunes, as a free and independent people, united
by a‘common constitution and destiny, depend
solely upon their maintenance. _
Resolved, That the equality and sovereignty of
the States severally; the equality and freedom of
the citizens irrespective of birth or religion, and
the right of the people in the Territories, when
legally constituted, of deciding their own domestic
with money or ] affairs, religously, and politically, according to the
dictates of their own judgment, subject only to the
Constitution of the United States are to us car
dinal doctrines of the Democratic creed, to which
we will cling through every vicissitude of paitv
fortune-
Resulted, As the Democratic Party “is the only
party the troubles of the times have left to honest
men,” we regard it the duty of every Southern
man whose heart beats with a pulse true to Sou
thern interests, to rally around the administration
— based upon its principles; and in tiie sanctuary
of our country's Constitution, beneath the broad
fl ag which floats in. protection, from ocean to
ocean, over our homes and firesides there to sac
rifice party feeling, and inspired only by partro-
tism, resolve to act for the good of our common
country.
Resolved, That wo hereby appoint four delegates
o represent us in the next Gubernatorial Conven-
reriod of probation. That his continuance should j tirm, to be held in Milledgeville on the 8th day of
bp restrained to seven years, was the opinion of ! July next, or such other day as may be agreed
the Convention at an earlier stage of its session,
when it voted that term, by a majority of eight
against two. and by a simple majority, that he
should be ineligible a second time. This opinion
v as confirmed by the House as late as July 2t5, re-
f rred to the committee of detail, reported favora
bly by tl'eni. and changed to the present form by
filial vote, on the last day hut one only of their
session. Of this change three States expressed
their disapprobation: New York, bv recommend-
by the party.
Resolred. That
meet at
an amendment, that the President should not
be eligible a third term, and Virginia and North
Carolina, that he should not be capable of serving
more than eight, in any term of sixteen years: and
although this amendment Iras not been made in
form, yet practice seems to have established it
The example of four Presidents, voluntarily retir
ing at the end of their eighth year, and the pro
gress of public opinion, that the principle is salu
tary, have given it in practice the force of prece
dent and usage: inasmuch.that should a President
be a candidate for a third election,! trust he would
he rejected, on this- demonstration of ambitious
vi< ns.”—1 .Jefferson's Works, fit.
Three of the “four Presidents who voluntarily
retired at the end of tlo-ir eighth year” were Wash
ington, Madison and Monroe. Mr. Jefferson was
the fourth. Not only would he have refused a
third election on the score of principle, but he was
anxious for retirement from puhlie life, long before
the end of his second Term, so that he might de
vote himself to letters, science and philosophy, at
Montieello. He was not the mere politician, who,
when deprived of office, is deprived of life; but the
greatest statesman and philosopher America has
produced, had abundant resources upon which to
draw for consolation and happiness after he had
put off the trappings of place. The happiest hours
of bis life were when he had retired from public
affairs, and become the sage of Montieello, liis
mansion the Mecca of philosophers, of men of us. Gunpowder was invented there many con
science and of the lovers of letters from all parts turies before it was known iu England, and it is a
we appoint, four delegates to
| — ,on such day as may be ap
pointed for that purpose to select a candidate to
represent the 7th district in the next Congress, and
that we. recommend the Hon. Linton Stephens to
our friends in the district, as our choice for that
nomination.
On motion, the Resolutions were received and
unanimously adopted.
Mr. E. Hutchings moved the appointment of five
delegates to represent ns in the said conventions
by the chair, which was carried and the chair ap
pointed—
Gen. D. N Smith. J. M. Gray, YYra. Moughon,
John S. YY alker and Richard YV. Bonner.
Moved by' Perry Finney, Esq., that the proceed
ings of this meeting be published in the Federal
Union, Macon Telegraph and Atlanta Examiner.
After which the meeting adjourned.
LEROY SINGLETON Chtn’n.
E. Hutchings, Sec. April. 22,1857.
fmentions of the Chinese.—It has been considered
that the Chinese were not an inventive people; and
yet this would appear to be a mistake. The art of
printing was know iu China nine hundred years
before any knowledge of it prevailed in England.
Printing was first introduced into Europe early in
tiie fifteenth century. 'J he Chinese printers
were generally i inerants. They next discovered
the magnetic needle: this took place in the tradi
tionary period, when the Yellow Emperor, having
missed his way, a little earraige was built, on the
top of which was a figure, which always puinted to
the north, and thus the route was discovered.—
The effects of the loadstone were also mentioned in
their dictionary. YY’e are also probably in-
dt bted to the Chinese for the mariner’s compass;
for it had been long known to them before it was to
.Platform of the Tennessee Democracy.
The Jemoracy of Tennessee, in convention as-
s -mbied, d -rin this an opportune occasion to de
clare their adherence to the distinctive principles
which have formed its creed as a party tor more
then half a century, and to reassert and declare—
E That the federal government is one of limited
power, derived solely from the constitution; and the
grants of power made therein ought to be strictly
construed hv all the departments and agents of
the government: and that it is inexpedient and dan
gerous to exercise doubtful constitutional powers.
2. That the constitution does not confer upon
the general government the power to commence
and carry on a general system of internal improve
ments.
!!. That the constitution does not confer author
ity upon the federal government, directly or indi
rectly, to assume the debts of the several States,
contracted for local and internal improvements, or
other State purposes; nor would such assumption be
just or expedient.
4. That justice and sound policy forbid the fed
eral government to foster one branch of industry to
the detriment of any other; or to cherish the in
terests of one portion to the injury or another por
tion ofour common country; that every citizen and
every section of the country lias a right to demand
and insist upon an equality of rights aud privileges,
and to expect an ample protection of person and
property from domestic violence or foreign aggres
sion.
5. That it is [the duty of every branch of the
government to enforce and practice the most rigid
economy in conducting our public affairs, aud that
no more revenue ought to be raised than is requited
to detray the necessary expense of the government,
and for the gradual but certain extinction of the
public debt.
ti. That wc recognise the present proposition to
distribute the proceeds, of the sales of the public
lauds among the several States as an attempt to
revive an obsolete and unconstitutional measure
long since condemned by the popular vote; and
we see in it an admission of the wisdom ot the
policy proposed and advocated by' our wisest
democratic statesmen, of setting apart and re
iving the public domain for ourselves and
children. It is indeed time, in the language
of President Jackson, that the public lands
-honld cease to be looked to as a source of revenue
r an object of plunder, and dedicated to the
encouragement of a hardy population, and the
benefit of the actual settler.
7. That the foundation of this union of States
having been laid in. and its prosperity, expansion,
and pre-eminent example in free government built
upon, entire freedomrin matters of religious con
cernment, and no respect of person in regard to
rank or place or birth, no party' can justly be
deemed national, constitutional, or in accordance
with American principles, which bases its exclu
sive organization upon religious opinions and ac
cidental birth-place. And hence a political crusade
in the nineteenth century, and in the United
States of America, against Catholic and foreign-
horn, is neither justified by the past history nor
the future prosects of the country, nor in unison
with the spirit of toleration and enlarged freedom
which peculiarly’ distinguishes the American system
of popular government,
8. That we regard the election of Buchanan and
Breckinridge to the presidency and vice presiden
cy as auspicious of the continuance ofour Union
and the permanency or ourinstitntions; that therein
aiid thereby we feel that peace and quiet has been
secured to our rights ani^pur property—a result
accomplished by the united struggles of the na
tional democracy’ and Union-loving whigs, and
w Ilieh has alike overwhelmed sectionalism and the
proscriptive, anti-republican principles of fcnow-
nothingism; and that we have the fullest confid
ence that Mr. Buchanan will administer the govern
ment ujwn the ancient principles of the democratic
party, as laid down and expounded by’ our republi
can fathers: and that in the ability, patriotism and
wisdom of those whom he has. called around him
as his constitutional advisers, he has given an ad
ditional guarantee of liis determination to be just
to all sections of the Union, and to follow the con
stitution as his chart.
0. That it is a matter of just pride and congratula
tion that, the positon and principles of the dem
ocratic partv upon the sectional issues have been
triumphantly sustained by’ the people in the pres
[From the Ontonagon Miner, March 21.J
The Great topper Ynggft.
Since our last publication we have been twice
into the Minnesota Aline to look at this wonderful
piece of copper. A tew tons hare already been
taken from, it, and there are some thirty men at
work cutting it up: more parties will be put on
soon. Tbe Tower end of the copper was raised by
the powder from the rock in which it was inclosed
—the upper end being very little disturbed. Ibis
leaves it inclining but very little from the horizon
tal and in an excellent position for cutting to ad
vantage. Th v are cutting in some ten places,
two of which are already in to where the copper is
fire fret thick. Another is four feet and a quarter
Eighteen inches farther will bring one of the cuts
to where tbe-copper is seven and a quarter feet
thick Its greatest thickness Is between 8 and 9
feet, but the cuts driven in from the edges '"cry
soon reach the thickness of J, 4 or 5 feet, and its
average thickness will be from three and a half to
four feet. Its greatest length is 111 feet. Greatest
width 18.J feet We made the following measure
ments of its width at several points—in feet and
decimals—11—12.5—18.5—16.7 —10.9—6—show
ing a mean of about twelve aud a half feet. YY e
cannot think its average thickness to be less than
three and a half feet. These dimensions give
it a cubic content equal to about 2,0<H) feet, and
tins amount of pure copper would weigh live hund
red and fortyniue tons.
Large masses from this mine have generally'
been of high purity, and the exterior ofthisis quite
clear of rucks, and the cuttings thus farsbow.it to
be remarkably pure. In the live teet cuts scarcely
a speck of roek is to be seen, but the copper is as
bright as a new polished penny. Unless it should
prove to be. a great shell inclosing rock, its purity
must be very high, probably more than 90 per cent.
And we think there is no ground for such an appre
hension. On the contrary, its solidity is indicated
not only by its external purity, but also by the
manner in which it resisted the action of the
powder, and rose from its bed without the slightest
crack or bending at any point. There is scarcely
a possibility of its being anything else then almost
solid metal. If it is 91 per cent , and this is not a
high estimate for such a mass, it contains about
50t) tons of pure copper, and will be worth, when
prepared for the market, about §300,000.
This, we respectfully-submit, is the largest mass
of metal of any kind ever yet exhibited in a single
piece upon this planet.
But, incredible as it may appear, the groat mass
is a small part of tbe copper now in sight in its
immediate vicinity. About a hundred feet to the
east, a series of monster masses of enormous size
are now being stripped and followed into the con-
lomerate, the aggregate weight of which includ-
ig the great mass, will, in all probability, exceed
the total product of the mine for the year 1856.
They have just exposed a large opening going
south into the conglomerate, which they’ were about
tilling with powder. This blast may make new
discoveries, for which we anxiously wait, and the
tilt of which we hope to give in another number.
The disclosures of the last few days are immensely
important. It is perfectly safe to say that there
are at least two thousand tons of copper in sight
within a few feet of the points which we have de
scribed. Minnesota stock is getting much too low.
We propose §200 per share as the proper figure for
it at present.
A Highly Important Enterprise. A Railroad
through Honduras.—YY’e learn that to-morrow, a
corps of engineers, headed by Mr. Trautwiue of
this city, will leave New York for Honduras, to
make tne final survey, and fix the exact location
of a double track Railroad, to connect the Atlantic
and Pacific oceans, Porto Cabellos on the Atlantic
side, ami Conelmgua, or the Gulf of Fonseca, on
the Pacific, will be the termini embracing a dis-
tance of about 1(51) miles, abounding in all the re
quisites for railroad building—fine timber, pure
water; and quarries of rock. The route lies through
a section of country which offers but little more
than ordinary obstacles to the construction of a
road; a fact which Hon. E. Geo. Squire, and the
efficient engineers who surveyed the route in 1853
have fully demonstrated to an enterprising and
wealthy English colony, which has now underta
ken to build it.
The vastness of the enterprise, the genius to
project it, and the ability and determination to
push it to success, may well claim our admira
idpntia! election of 1856, endorsed by President tion; while its probable revolution iu commerce.
Buchanan, and affirmed by the the recent decision the new channel it will opeii for international
traffic, its development of Central American re.
of the Supreme Court of the United States.
1 ft. That, in view of the importance of the action
ftheaext legislature, both in a State and na
tional point of view, we urge upon ourfriends the
necessity of harmonious and vigorous action in the
approaching campaign.
11. That for the eminent utility and success
which Andrew Johnson has managed the gub
ernatorial office of Tennessee, he is entitled to
tlu thanks of the people of the .State; and that for
he vigorous and able canvasses he had made in
our State he deserves the gratitude of the democra
tic party-
12. That we regard the administration of Frank
lin Pierce as eminently national and deserving of
the cot dial approval of every true lover of the con
stitution and Union.
Speech from the New Secretary of Kan
sas.—A correspondent of the South, writin
sources, and the barrier it will oppose to fillibus-
tering, (thus protecting, while it assists Honduras,)
are results which,althonghin the prospective de
serve present consideration. America, geographi-
leally situated so as to profit most by the road,
should well study bow to promote her interests on
its completion.
This route will place San Francisro six days
steaming (1,50ft miles) nearer to us than by the
Isthmus The direct interests which the States ot
Honduras basin the road, will naturally gurautee
to passengers perfect safety from such outrages as
have been perpetrated on other routes, and this,
with the fact that the country through which it
passes is high and generally, healthy commend it
to the most favorable notice.
On the completion of this road, a short and
direct avenue to our own Pacific possessions will
be opened, giving us. at the same time, an advnu-
„ tage in the East India trade hitherto possessed by
from Leavenworth, city, 14th, states that j European powers. We shall be. in fact, on the
Hon. F.P. Stanton, the new Secretary of j shortest highway between Europe and Africa on
Kansas, made a speech to about three hun
dred emigrants for that Territory, on board
the steamer New Lucy, on their way down
the Missouri river, lie deprecated the for
mer excitement in the Territory, and cal
led on his hearers to obey the existing gov
ernment of the Territory as the only legal
authority. AVit !i regard to the convention
about to assemble to form a State Consti
tution preparatory to asking admission into
one side, and China, Australia and the East Indies
on tiie other. The United states, possessing im
mense shipping, should aim to take advantage of
the opportunity that will be afforded to be employed
and increase it, and the commercial community
should, in due time, take such measures as will
secure it a voice in the management of the road.—
For reasons apparent to all, a British or French
company should not be sole owners of such a high
way for nations; the road should be the joint prop
erty of powers most engaged in commeice, in or
der that its business may be conducted so as to
promote the interests of all, and so that difficultiet
tbe Union, lie said lie could exercise no in- j or petty jealouies which may arise between one
Huence whatever over tbe deliberations of
that body. Its deliberations and acts
ought to be perfectly free and independent;
but, as a simple citizen, lie bad no hesita
tion in expressing liis opinion that the con
vention ought to submit tbe question of
slavery to the people of tbe Territory; the
convention would have full power to do so
and lie thought they ought to do it. It
would be perfectly legitimate and proper
to frame a fair and liberal Constitution in
all neighborly and constitutional relations
with the other States, and yet leaving it to
the people to determine whether they
establish slavery or reject it. Whatever
may be their decision in this respect, tliev
shall not disregard the constitutional rights
of other States, but shall adobt such a Con*-
stitution as will authorize the fair execution
of the federal laws for the protection ol
her sister States. Whether she adopt or
eject slavery, he did not doubt that she
would be admitted into the Union by an
almost unanimous vote of Congress. A
southern man himself, Mr. Stanton said he
was perfectly willing to see the State of
Kansas either a free or a .slaveholding State,
according to the fairly expressed opinion of
tiie people. In conclusion, he called upon
those present, who intend to settle in
Kansas, to choose between the two pictures
-to select power and prosperity, tiie end
of which no man could see, or to plunge
into tin? dark gulf of war, from which every
good man would turn with horror.
power and another would affect not its operation.
Seldom, if ever, has an enterprise of this charac
ter and magnitude been stalled with So little bustle
and noise. The gallant company which sails from
New York tomorrow without, a siugle “flourish of
trumpets.” have a more important mission to per
form than haabeen confided to any expedition for
years, and we look with much interest for the
result of their survey. The Honduras Interoceanie
Railroad, and the English and North American
Submarine Telegraph, are surely among the lead
ing projects of the age.—Philadelphia Inquirer.
The domvt.
A western philosopher is of opinion that it is
the comet which makes the weather so cold. YY'e
L .V.’ • had supposed that tit* comet was to make us hot,
T* ! and were looking forward to its at
of the world.
singular fact that the romponeutparts were nearly
To John Dickinson he write*, Jan 13,1807 :—“1 1 the same as the European mixture.
The Transatlantic Telegraph.—At the recent din
ner of the St. George’s Society, in New York
Lord Napier intimated the possibility that after
the laying of the submarine telegraph cable, diplo
matic representation between this country and
England would become unnecessary. Tbe new
Y ork Times, in commenting on this idea, suggests
the following as a specimen of diplomatic conver
sation:
Lord Palmerston hears that Mr. Buchanan is
getting angry with him. He telegraphs before
breakfast across the Atlantic:
President Buchanan—Sir. YYhat is the matter?
YY’itli distinguished consideration, A c , yours.
Palmerston.
President Buchanan m reply:
Sir: Nothing. YVliat are you doing at Grey-
town? With distinguished consideration. A c.
James Buchanan.
Palmerston in answer:
Nothing.
don
assurances, Ac.,
* Palmerston.
There is a saving of ten thousand pounds,
and four months’ time in five minutes at a cost of
eue or two hundred dollars
Only keeping a few ships there, be
cause we don’t kuow where else to send’em. YVitb
Cotton Planting in Algeria.—The Paris corres
pendent of the New York Journal of Commerce
says:
The Moniteur has furnished the annual report of
the jury of seven appointed to award the annual
prize of 2.'I,0(H) bancs which the Emperor accords
from his privy purse as an encouragement for the
cultivation of cotton in Algeria. The report ex
tends to three columns and a half. In all seasons,
the quantity of cotton produced has remunerated
the growers. The jury decide that the climate is
not unfavorable. At the end of June last, the ex
tent of ground under cotton cultivation was about
four thousand eight hundred acres. . The natives
of the provinces, at various points, were among
the successful planters. The example of the
Americans in the Southern States, as to the pro
cesses, progress and perseverance, is related cir
cumstantially. The planters in Algeria liave al
ready compassed two important objects in refer
ence*to competition with the American production;
like quality, and equal yield in proportion. “In
tiie experimental point of view, the cotton ques
tion in Algeria is solved; success is assured. Noth
ing is wanting now except the same number of
hands employed in America.”
appearance as tho
last chance for wafti weather. YY’e should like to
know whether the extraordinary weather of last
winter was also owing to this comet. YY'ere the
severe winter of ’55- 6, and the late sprintr of the
last year, also the work of this floating iceberg of
tbe celestial sea?
According to our YYestern savant, tbe cometis
bound to hit the earth between wind and water
the Kith of June next, and put it in the predica
ment A liich Maginn said Great Britain was in
1831—“scudding to the infernal regions with a fair
gale of wind to its tail.” The YY’est is a great
country, certainly, great in philosophers as well
as pumpkins and patriotism. YY’e trust that if
the comet docs hit the earth, it may strike it
somewhere in the YV’c.st—say in Utah. It deserves
such a distinction. For our part, we are thankful
that this comet has made its appearance, and given
ns all something to talk about. Nothing is more
benevolent in life then the simple provision which
is made for the exercise of the gift of the gab.
First we have a war, then an election, then a fuss
in Kansas, then a dissolution of Parliament, and
now a bright prospect of a row in Utah, and a
comet: a real, wide-awake, old fashioned comet; a
long, low, red, pigttieal craft, which Maury, the
look-out at the mast-head of the National Obser
vatory, has reported as distinctly visible in the
North-west, bearing down upon us with all sail
set, and travelling with a velocity compared with
w hich the speed of a cannon ball is but the pace
of a snail. YY’e shall expect this comet to grow
larger and brighter every night, and furnish a
fruitful topic of speculation and delight to as
tronomers, and of wonder and awe to the out
siders. Nol.ody in this country ought to have
the least alarm about it; the comet is in more
danger than we are; if it comes near the United
States wc will annex it,
Comets have always created more or less panic
among the intelligent inhabitants of this excellent
planet. Man’s inward conviction, that his moral
nature is out of gear, is always suggesting that
the physical universe has various screws loose,
which may bring the terrestrial machine about his
ears, in an abrupt and ruinous manner. In old
times, there was a su perstiticus fearof comets, as
prodigies, portending the fate of governments
and nations. YY’hen the light of philosophy had
dispelled the mists of superstition, then arose the
tear of collision. A railroad collision, with cars
travelling at thirty miles an hour, is gentle as the
kisses of lovers, compared with such a smash up as
that of the earth coming in contact, with a comet
each of the locomotives travelling morethan a thous
and miles a minute. Happily, however, the earth
has hitherto escaped this grand catastrophe, though
comets have often passed through different parts
of the solar system—24 within the orbit of Mercury,
47 within that of Y r enus, 58 within that of the
Earth, 73 within that of Mars, and the whole
withiu that of Jupiter. There is not a trace of tho
physical effects of comets upon this or any'other
planet, or any authentic record of the existence
ofsuch effects. There are no known data from
which it would be possible to predict, with certain
ty, such a tiling as the coliision of a comet with
tbe earth. It cannot be even said, with infallible
accuracy, that on a given day, month, or even
year a comet will so much as cross tbe orbit ot a
planet. YY'e know nothing of their nature, save
that, though more singular in their form and
varied in their time of appearance, than the other
heavenly bodies, they are subject to the same
laws, moving about the sun in orbits, more ec-
ct ntric than the planets, proclaiming, with the
whole host *bf heaven, in their mighty and eternal
march. “The baud that made, and that directs
us, “is Divine,”—Richmond Dispatch.
U fiat are the true Indications of Treatment in
Diseases of tbe Liver?
As regards that class of disease so often termed
“Liver Disease,” it is scarcely possible to say too
much concerning the treatment usually instituted
for its cure—a treatment which has for its object
the stimulation of the secretion ot the Liver, that
is, to make the Liver pur out more bile. Too
much can scarcely be said against the stimulating
calomel, blue pill, “patent ' pill, and “bitters
treatment, remedies which act aud can only act on
the Liver but by tirst stimulating the mucus mem
brane of the stomach, and by so doing not only do
no good, but a positive harm by, by' exasperating
the inflammatory action of that mucus membrane
which was the first great cause of the disease of
the Liver.
As regards “Liver Disease” being kept up by
inflamation of the stomach, there need not be the
slightest shadow of a doubt, for there is not now,
never has been, or ever will be, a case of “Liver
Disease,” but that in connection with it are most
prominent symptoms of inflamation or the stomach,
and upon inquiry it will also be ascertained that
that the stomach symptoms existed long before
any disease was discovered in the Liver. Ques
tion any invalid suffering from “Liver Disease,”
as regards the early history of his complaint, and
he will almost invariably refer you to sometroubie
in the digestive organs, and proceed to narrate
symptoms that give unmistakable evidence that
previous to the "Liver Disease,” there was a posi
tive derangement of the stomach. Question tbe
invalid suffering from “Liver Disease,” aud five
out oi every ten symptoms he will describe as suf
fering from, will give the most positive assurance
that disease of the stomach is also existing in con
nection with tbe disease of tbe liver. Again, in
any incurable case of “Liver Disease,” no matter
how stubborn may be its character, or how long it
lias resisted medical treatment, let a well-directed
treatment be instituted for the disease of the stom
ach, and the “Liver Disease” will vanish like dew
before the rising sun. YVhy? Because that which
caused the “Liver Disease,’ 1 and that which has
been the cause of its continuance, iias been remov
ed—cured. Tiie cause (the stomach disease) be
ing removed, the effect (the Liver Disease) will
soon vanish.
Proofs in abundance of tiie most positive char
acter, could bo adduced in support of the fact that
disease of the Liver is bur a secondary disease—a
disease of the stomach. If, then all this trouble
as its rise and origin in inflamation of the mucus
membrane of the stomach, what will be thought of
a treatment that still further stimulates a mem
brane already over stimulated and inflamed? How
are the secretions of the Liver stimulated? By
first exciting or irritating tho mucus membrane of
the stomach. The r, medics Liken for the purpose
of acting on the Liver, do not and cannot touch the
Liver at all; it is physically impossible for them to
do so; and can only stimulate the Liver but by first
stimulating or irritating the mucus membrane of
the stomach. And is not that same mucus mem
brane in an already' over excited and over-stimu
lated condition, and from which over-stimulated and
inflamed eonliton, the disease of the Liver was pro
duced in the first place? It strikes me that those
ho have heretofore depended on tho “pill” and
bitters” treatment to cure them of their “Liver
Disease,” can now see why it is that they have
not only received no benefit from such treatment,
but are, in fact, worse off than when they adopted
it. And it also strikes me, that those who have,
as they so innocently say, placed their Liver medi
cines in the shape of a “patent” before the people
only at the very earnest solicitation of their friends,
fearing that by doing so they may be ranked
among the innumerable class of emprics, had bet
ter look well to the theory' they advocate, or “the
p-ople” will very readily discover the “lion’s
'a,” and affix the title of empyric; where it, in
so much good faith, belongs.
YY’liat are the true indications ot treatment?
Those which will remove the cause of the disease,
viz.—the inflammatory action of the mucus niem-
braue of the stomach. Any other treatment than
this, will ever prove of not the least particle of
beurfit. The idea of prescribing for the Liver
alone, and taking no thought of the condition of
the stomach, is a perfectly ridiculous one, and the
idea of effecting a cure through the use of those
remedies that “stimulate the secretions,” is the
height of empiricism,for every dose taken will
just so much the more exasperate the disease, by
still further irritating and inflaming an already
over-excited and inflamed mucus membrane of the
stomach. It is a fact beyond any cavil, that any
and all remedies taken into the stomach for the
purpose of “stimulating the secretions ol the Liv
er,” will not and cannot fail to irritate the mucus
membrane of the stomach; for it is by this irrita
tion that the Liver is excited or stimulated; and
unlesss they did produce this irritation of the
stomach, it would be an impossibility for them to
effect any change in the secretions of the Liver.
This is a fact from which there is no getting away,
and the pill venders know it very well; they know
that they can strike at th^ Liver only through the
stomach, and the blow aimed at the Liver, fallin
as it does upon a worn-out, exhausted and inflam
ed mucus membrane of the stomach, cannot fail to
exasperate the disease of the Liver, because it ex
asperates the disease which was tho first great
cause of the “Liver Disease.”
This doctrine is, I am well aware, at total varr
ance with that advocated by many “big guns” in
the “patent” line, aud the attempt to controvert a
doctrine put forth with so much vehemence by'
them, may, by 1 some, he regarded as an act of not
ouly no little daring, hut bare-faced assumption.
If so, I would refer to the fact that “Young Ameri-
is a great “institution,” and as “every tub
must stand on its own bottom,” every person has
free and full privilege to exercise the high preroga-
gative of “lying around loose,” or “taking a little
weake gin, to take the wind from his heart,” and
even to taik about “putty” as if he absolutely
“knew the price of it;” and I have taken the liber
ty of giving my notions as regards “Liver Dis
ease,’ and the true indications of treatment, be
cause, 1st, I was I called upon to do by my pat
rons, 2d, because I conceived it a duty towards
suffering humanity, in view of their disappoint
ment of benefits promised in their selection of
those remedies which have for their object the
stimulating of the Liver;” 3d, because in con
troverting those false theories, 1 could show good
and substantial reasons why they were false; 4th,
because, in the theory I advance I could offer
reasons for the belief that is in me; 5th. and lastly',
because, if I succead in convincing invalids of the
truth of my position, they will seek relief iu that
preparation, which if taken according to directions
it, will not fail to relieve and cure permanently.
1 allude to
3iiss’ Dyspeptic Hemedy, is put up in
Packages in the form of Powders, with full direc
tions for mixing it in liquid form before taking.—
Each package contains a sufficient quantity for a
pint of mixture. Retail Price §2 per package,
sent by mail, (pre-paid,) to any part of the Union
on the reception of §2. £5r~ For sale by F. G.
Grieve, E. J. YVhite, and James llerty, Milledge
ville, Ga.
Spend fUttccs.
A Valuable Remedy.—The anqatitied testi
mony in fa^tof Dr. Cavanaugh’s valuable m, ,p
cine, to be fwnd in our advertising eelumn to-day
will commend Itself to the attention and appreriv
tion of our readers, from the known high c har r
ter and position of the gentleman who makes tli :
voluntary tribute to the Dr.’s skill.— Chhugo Ih,,ly
Journal.
The above notice from our contemporary b.i*
si^ial reference to the certificate of H. N.
Esq., in favor of the efficacy of Dr. Cavanaugh s
Pile Salve, which is advertised in onr columns.
For sale in this city by E. J. YVhite A .1:
F. G. Grieve and Janies Herty.
■ •Lro..
47 4t
Ayer’s Cherry Pectoral
QURES Coughs
R. R. R.—Two hundred dollars saved by the
investment of one dollar. Highly important to
horse owners.
I, Thomas lvellett, of Popular Ridge, Cayuga
county, State of New York, June 17th, 1356, be-
Ayer’s Cherry Pectoral cures Colds.
Ay er’s Cherry Pectoral cures Hoarseness.
Ayer’s Cherry l’ectoral cures Influenza.
Ayer’s Cherry Pectoral cures Bronchitis.
Ayer’s Cherry Pectoral cures Croup.
Ayer’s Cherry Pectoral cures Asthma.
Ayer’s Cherry Pectoral cures Whooping Cough.
Ayer’s Cherry Pectoral cures Lung Complaints.
Ayer’s Cherry Pectoral cures diseases of the TLrna*.
Ayer's Cherry Pectoral cures Incipient Consun i'
tion.
Ayer’s Cherry Pectoral cures all Consumptive com-
plai nfs.
Ayer’s Cherry Pectoral cures all Affections of tfca
Lungs.
Ayer’s Cathartic Pill. 3 cure Dyspepsia.
Ayer’s Cathartic Pills cure Headache.
Ayer’s Cathartic Pills cure Indigestion.
Ayer’s Cathartic 1’iils cure Dysentery.
Ayer’s Cathartic Pills cure Costiv'eness.
Ayer’s Cathartic I’ills cure Jaundice.
Aver’s Cathartic Pills cure Scrofula.
Ayer’s Cathartic I’iJIs cure Erysipelas.
Ayers Cathartic I’ills cure Piles.
Ayer’s Cathartic Pills cure Rheumatism.
Ayer’s Cathartic I’ills cure Fever and Ague.
Ayer’s Cathartic Pills cure Foul Stomach.
Ayer’s Cathartic Pills cure Liver Complaints.
Ayer’s Cathartic Pills cure Diseases of the Skin.
Ayer’s Cathartic I’ills cure Billious Complaints
Ayer’s Cathartic 1‘ills cure Diseases of the Blood.
Ayer’s Pectoral and Pills sold by E. J. YVhite &
Bro., and P G. Grieve, Milledgeville.
Ayer’s Pectoral aud Pills sold by G. Payne
Macon.
Ayer's Pectoral and Pills sold by C. II. Andrews
& Co., Madison.
Ayer s Pectoral and Pills sold by llaviland, Ris-
ley & Co., Augusta.
Ayer’s Pectoral and Pills sold by YY r . YY*. Lincoln,
Savannah.
Ayer’s Pectoral aud Pills sold by Smith & Bil
lups. Athens.
Ayer s Pectoral and Pills sold by J. D. Carpen
ter, Cassville.
Ayer’s Pectoral and Pills sold by Dr. J. D.
Chase, YY’ashiugton.
Ayer’s Pectoral and Piiis sold by M. Graybill &
Co., Eatonton.
Ayer’s Pectoral and Tills sold by Dr. A. Alex
ander, Atlanta.
Ayer’s Pectoral and Pills sold by oil Druggists
aud Medicine dealers throughout the icurld. 42 6m
Fever and Ague.—.1h Infallible Cure.—YVe de
fy the world to produce any medicine which does
not contain Quinine, Bark Arsenic, Mercury or any
noxious or deadly compound, to cure this annoy
ing disease so effectually as Carter’s Spanish Mix
ture. YVliile it contains none of the above named
dangerous articles, yet it possesses a power in re
lieving and curing Fever and Ague which cannot
be approached by any of them separately or in
combination. It acts specifically on the Liver,
purities the blood, opens the pores of the skin, and
assists nature to expel from the system the seeds
of disease, or what is as bad, the remains of the
Mineral Drugs, which clog and finally destroy the
constitution.
Seethe cure of Mr. Longden of Y r a.: He had
chills tw ice a day for 3 years. Nothing, would rc-
li ‘ve him until lie tried Carter’s Spanish Mixture,
only three bottles of which effectually restored him
to health, nor has he had a return of the disease
since. 48 4t.
Sold by E. J. YV hite <& Bro., Milledgeville.
Davis’ Pain Killer.—This unparalelled pre
paration is receiving more testimonials of its won
derful efficacy in removing pain than any other
medicine ever offered to the public ; and these tes
timonials come from persons of every degree of
intelligence and every rank of life. Physicians
of the tirst respectability, and perfectly conversant
with the nature of diseases and remedies, have re
commended this as one of the most effectual in
their line of preparations for the extinction of
pain. The Pain Killer is used internally and ex
ternally, according to the nature of the complaint.
It has been found to be an excellent -remedy for
sudden Colds, Coughs. Fever and Ague, Asthma
and Phthisic, Pain in the Head, Kidney Com
plaints, Piles, Rheumatic Complaints. Bruises and
Sores, Severe Burns, Canker, Biles and Ringworm,
Weak Stomach and General Debility, Painter’s
Colic, Broken Breasts, Bowel Complaint and Dys
entery, Cholera, Liver Complaint, Dyspepsia,
Toothache, &c., &c.
For sale by most of the mediciujidealers through
out the world.
Sold by F. G. Grieve, E. J. White, and James
Herty, Milledgeville. 48 2t
Dr. M’Laxe’s Vermefuge, prepared by Flem
ing Bros., of Pittsburgh.—During a practice of
more than twenty years, Dr. M’Lane has attended
innumerable patients afflicted with every form of
worm disease, and was induced to apply all the
energies of his mind to the discovery of a vermi
fuge, or worm destroyer, certain in its effects; the
result of his labors is the American Worm Specific,
now before the public, prepared by Feming Bros,
of Pittsburgh, which is perfectly safe, and maybe
given alike to children of tire most tender age, or
to the aged adult: it purges mildly and subdues
fever, and destroys worms with invariable success.
It is easy of administration, and as it does not con
tain mercury in any form whatever, no restrictions
are necessary with regard to drinking cold water,
nor is it capable of doing the least injury to the
tenderest infant. An incredible number of worui3
have been expelled by this great vermifuge.
For sale by E. J. White & Bro., James llerty,
and F. G. Grieve, Milledgeville.
ISP Purchasers will be careful to ask for Dr.
M'Lane’s celebrated Vermifuge, manufactured by
Fleming Bros, of Pittsburg, Pa. Ail other Vermt-
Dr. M'Lane’s
... . , ... .... c ... j fuges iu comparison are worthless
so fortunate as to have saved the life, of av. ry ^ ullle Verni ifage, also his celebrated Liver Pills,
valuable young horse, by the use ot Radway s , can oovr he had at all respectable Drug Stores.
Ready Relief, gratitude to you, (Radway & Co.,)
and duty to the public, demand that I should state
the facts for the benefit of others. I had a very
valuable horse that was taken about the 1st ot
March, with short breathing; loss of appetite, his
pulse rnu down to half its natural beat; it baffled
the skill of the best farriers, they could not give
any name to the disease. There were a good ma
None genuine without the signature of
[7] FLEMING BROS.
Dr. Perry’s Yermieuge, or “Dead Shot” for
YY’orms.—There is perhaps no disease to which
Children are exposed so common and fatal as
worms. The symptoms which indicate them an
as follows.—Countenance pale, tongue whitely
furred, grinding of the teeth, fetid breath, stom
ach hard and swelled, wasting of tin* flesh, sick-
nv horses in this vicinity affected the same way,' ness and pains in the stonntch, bowels either too
and most of them died. My horse had been given | costive or too loose, great fretfulness, unnatural
, , . . , , . craving for clay, dnt or chalk, eolte, convulsions,
up by the farriers, who said he could not be cured: | fitg> The “Dead Shot” will in a few hours
he had been sick about four weeks, and was so j e [ e;lr the system of every worm. Although prompt
much reduced that he reeled as he walked. I was ! and certain in its operation, and not unpleasant
persuaded by your agent to try one bottle of Rad- j 'j'‘' taste, it is ptrlectly sale and adapted to tie
way’s Ready Relief. By the use of four bottle:
jyA new post office has been establishedjat
Houston Factory. Houston county Ga. and YVm.
A. Zooke appointed postmaster.
be was entirely cured. By the expense ot one dol-' p u ; tull yj ( New Y ork
lar invested in Rad way’s Ready' Ready, tho life of
a horse worth two hundred dollars was saved.
Respectfully yours,
To Bad way & Co. TIIOS. KELLETT.
Radway’s Ready Relief is not only a boon to
the human race, but a blessing to horses. The life
of many valuable horses have been saved by its
timely use. For Cholic, Botis, Gripes, Sprains,
Strains, Spavins, Lameness, it acts quick and sure.
The human race, by this potent Remedy, is pro
tected against any infectious diseases. The mo
ment it is applied externally or taken internally,
pain vanishes and disease is checked.
Fever and pain in the leg cured with half a Lot
tie of Radway’s Resolvent:
Dumfries, Y'a., Aug. 9th, 1855.
Please send us two or three dozen of R. R. Re
solvent. It has cured a son of Mr. Robert Mer
chant, who was taken with a pain in the leg and
fever; he AuId not rest at night. The physicians
saw him but did not relieve him. He did not use
up more than half a bottle before lie rested well.
YV. CHARLES MERCHANT.
Sold by druggists and merchants everywhere.
E. J. White, Ag’t, Milledgeville, Ga. 43 2t.
j tenderest age.
Prepared and sold by A. B. it D. Sands, 100
Defaulting Tax Collector Caught.—YY’e learn
Bennett Powel, defaulting Tax collector of r
Emanuel county, Georgia, lias been arrested in
Texas, and brought home, by his security, Swain
M. Fortner, and the money due the State paid
into the Treasury.—Augusta Chronicle yesterday.
Wheat and Corn.—The auditor of Ohio has made
ids report on the graiu statistics of that State tor
1856 to the legislature. The number of acres sown
with wheat was 1,407,773; bushels gathered, ID
569,320; the average yield, 13,81 bushels. 'Ihe
w hole number of acres ot corn planted was2,2o5,-
282: bushels gathered, 87,782,434; the average
yieid, 39,71 bushels. J
Sold also by E. J. White, Agent, Milledgeville.
Sold also by druggists generally. 49 It
Hi tmh Id's Highly Concentrated Extract Buchu. is
prepared directly according to the rules of Parma-
ev and Chemistry, and is the best aud most active
preparation which can be made for the cure of Dis
eases of the Bladder, Kidneys, Gravel, YVeakues-
scs, &e. Read the advertisement in another
column, headed “Helmbehl’s Genuine Prepara
tion.” 49 2ni
: GOOD NEWS TO THE DYSPEPTICS-
Mr. F. G. GRIEVE, I enclose §2 for another package
of Bliss' Dyspeptic Remedy, lam pleased to know'
that I have greatly improved since I commenc'd
the use of this medicine, ard I do believe that my
health w ill soon be perfectly restored. Direct to
me at Adams P. O., Irwiu Co. ^ •
Irwinton, Ga., Apr. 18,—Mr. Jas. Herty, send
me 3 more packages of that truly Dyspeptic Remedy,
I have nearly used the 3 par kagesyou first sent me,
no person could have made me believe that to era
w as in existence a medicine, that could make sue
improvement upon a Dyspeptic. .
Holloway’s Ointment and Pin s.—Blotches,
pimples, dry eruptions, and all irritations of 1 *®
skin, fade and disappear after a few applications p
Holloway’s Ointment. In these cases brisk ir,
tion is indispensable. Many of the ordinaly er "j’
tious are caused by suppressed perspiration, *•*'■
this penetrating nugent at once opens the P° '
and invigorates the absorbents, it dissipates 1
inflamation by a double process. Ladies vhoso
faces or arms*are disfigured by cutaneous diseases,
mav readily remove the blemish and restore to 1
skin its natural tint, flexibility, and softness, y
the use of this sate but powerful connterirrita ■
The Pills never fail in disorders of the Stomach an
liver. .
l»r. Cavanaugh's Pile Salve has been pro
nounced by the afflicted, to be the very best reme y
that they have ever used. See advertisement.
Ur BLISS’ D YbPEP J 1C REM ED Y has now
got that reputation of curing Dyspepsia and Ei
Complaint, which a preparation can ouly obtan /
jtsjall-beding virtues, it is working wonders