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REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY ON THE STATE OF THE FINANCES. Treasury Department, December 6,1858. Sir: Incompliance with the act of Congress, entitled ‘‘An act supplementary to an act to es tablish the Treasury Department.” approved May 10, 1800, I have the honor to submit the following report: On the 1st of July, 1857, being the commencement of the fiscal veer 1858, the balance iu the treasury was...... $17,710,1 i4 27 The receipts into the treasury dar ing the fiscal year 1858 were $70,2738*69 59, as follows; For the quarter ending September 30,1857— From customs....$18,573,729 37 From public lands. 2,059,449 39 "From miscellaneous ■ sources,...---.-- 296,641 05 20,929,819 81 For tbe quarter ending December 31, 1857— 6,237,723 69 498,781 53 From customs.... From public lands- ■From miscellaneous sources ..... 356,159 78 7,092,665 00 For the quarter ending March 31, 1858— ■From customs 7127,000 69 From public lands.. 460,930 83 From miscellaneous sources........-- 393,680 /8 From treasury notes issued11,087,600 00 19,090,128 35 For the quarter ending June 30, 1858— From customs 9,650,267 21 From public lands.. 474,558 07 From miscellaneous sources 207,741 15 ■From treasury notes issued............ 12,628,70000 23,161,256 43 The aggregate means, therefore for tbe service of the -fiscal year ending June 30. 1858, were —. 87,983,933^86 The expenditures during the fis calyearending June 30, 1858, were $81,585,667 76. Being for the quarter ending Sep tember 30,1857 • • Being for the quarter ending De cember 31, 1657, Being for tbe quarter ending March 31,1858 Being for the quarter ending June 30,1858..... 22,730,570 58 Which were applied to the various branches of the public service as follows: Civil.foreign intercourse, and mis- cellaueons -• Service in charge of tbe Interior Department Service in charge of tbe War De partment Service in charge of Navy Depart ment Public debt and redemption of treasury notes 9,684,537 99 As shown in detail by statement No. 1. Deducting tbe expenditures from the aggregate means during the fiscal year 1658, a balance re mained in the treasury on the 1st July, 1858, of During the first quarter of tbe cur rent fiscal year, from July 1 to September 30, 1858, the receipts into tbe treasury were as fol lows : From customs....$13,444,520 28 From public lands... 421,171 84 From miscellaneous sources 959,987 34 From loan of 1858.-10,000,000 00 From treasury notes issued............ 405,20000 23,714,o28 37 17,035,653 07 18,104,915 74 26,387,822 20 6,051,923 38 25.485,383 60 13,976,000 59 j 6,398,316 10 The estimated receipts during the three remaining quarters of tbe current fiscal year to June 30, 1850, are— From customs.... $37,000,500 00 From public lands. 1,000,000 00 From miscellaneous sources ....... 500,000 00 Estimated ordinary means for cur rent fiscal year. ...... Tbe expenditures for the first quarter of the current fiscal year ending September 30, 1858, were— For civil, foreign intercourse, and miscellaneous services For service in charge of Interior Department For service in charge of War De partment ^,224,490 04 For service in charge of Navy De partment. - For public debt, including redemp tion of treasury notes...... Tbe estimated expenditures during tbe remaining three quarters of the current fiscal year to Jnne 30,1859, are Ordinary means as above Deficit of ordinary means to meet expenditures... Tbe deficiency in the ordinary estimated means to meet the estimated expenditures during tbe re mainder of the current fiscal year ending June 30, 1859, are therefore $3,936,701 43. There are extraordinary means within the command of the depart ment as follows: Treasury notes which may be is sued previous to the 1st Janua ry, 1859, under the 10th section of the act of December 23,1857, say Balance of loan authorized by act of June 14, 1858.. Which added to the ordiuary esti mated means Makes the aggregate means to June 30, 1859 81,129.195 56 Deduct the actual and estimated expenditures as heretofore sta- t«(f. 74.065,806 99 Leaves an estimated balance in tbe treasury July 1, 1859,of........ 7,063,298 ;>7 Estimates from (he fiscal year from July 1, 1859, to July 1, 1860. Estimated balance in treasury.. Fstimated receipts from custom*, for the fiscal year ending Juno 30,1860 Estimated receipts from public, lands Estimated receipts from miscellan eous sources. ...... Aggregate of means for year end ing June 30, 18(50 ..... Expenditures estimated as fol lows-. . . Balance of existing appropriation,!. Amount of permanent ana indefi nite appropriations............ .. Estimated appropriations to b 3 made by law for the service cf tbe fiscal year, to June 30, I860. the imports for the same time were $282,613,150 being $26,276,991 less than the year before — This balance in favor of exports over imports was doubtless appropriated to the payment of out foreign debt, thus relieving the country, in part, of that source of embarrassment. It exhibits a large margin for an increase of importations when the business and necessities of the country shall demand it. The restoration of confidence and re action of trade have already been manifested in this regard. By referring to the receipts from customs at the port of New York for the months of October and November, 1856, the year preceding the revulsion, the same months of 1857, the year of the revulsion, and the same months of the present year, 1 find that the receipts of those two months in 1856 were $6,202,227; in 1857 were $2,028,210; and in 1858, were $3,8)0,819. Whilst the country has not recovered ent.relv from the disasters of the last year, the increased receipts of the present year indicate a decided reaction, and tbe promise of a certain and speedy return of prosperous times. The foregoing estimates contemplate a defi ciency in the means of the government which, by the 30th Jnne, 18(50, will amount to the sum of $7,914,576. Provision should be made by Con gress at its present session tc supply the defi ciency. Iu what manner shall it be done? A loan for this purpose is not deemed advisable, in view of the addition already made to the public debt. A revision of the tariff of 1857, and the im position of additional duties, is the only remedy, unless Congress shall take some, action to relieve the treasury from a portion of the expenditures it is now required to meet. In revising the tariff, the same principles should directand central the action of Congress that would be considered in the adoption of an original act I do not deem it proper to enter into any ex tended discussion of the theoretic principles on which a tariff'act should be framed. They may be briefly stated. Such duties should be laid as will produce the required revenue, by- imposing on the people at large the smallest and the most equal burdens. It is obvious that this is most effectually done by taxing, in preference to others, such articles as are not produced in this country; and among ar ticles produced here, those in which the home pro duct bears the least proportion to the quantity im ported are the fittest for taxation. The reason is. that in taxing articles not made in the country the whole sum taken from the consumer gees into the treasury, while in the other class the consumer pays the enhanced value not only on the quantity imported, but on the quantity made at home. This last tax is paid not to tho treasury, but to the manufacturer, thereby rendering such a duty not only more burdensome, hut grossly unequal; the home producer being benefited at the expense of the consumer. If these principles are sound, it is obvious that no tariff, strictly for revenue, has ever yet been enacted in the United States. The early legislation of the country' contemplated other objects, such as fostering our then infant manufactures, and encouraging the production of indispensable articles, so as to render our country independent of foreign governments in case of war. The objects which originally led to our system of duties have long since beeu attained; but un der that system large interests have grown up which have always claimed and received such con sideration from Congress as te prevent the aban donment of the idea of protection. I do not expect that a tariff will be now framed on rigid revenue principles, bat in all changes an effort should be made at least to avoid a further departure from them. Assuming that the general principles of the present tariff act will be adhered to, all will admit that, having ascertained the additional revenue required as accurately as possible, the least in crease of duty that will raise the sum is the proper rate to be adopted. i Iu determining, however, on what articles the , duty is to he increased, a strong appeal will doubt less be made so to discriminate as to afford relief to certain interests said to be unusually de pressed. In a period of general financial distress, such as we have not yet entirely passed, each interest in the country naturally feels the want of any aid that would relieve its embarrassments and restore its , prosperity. In responding to such a demand, care should be takednot to afford the required relief at the expense of another interest equally in want of assistance, and equally entitled to receive it at the hands of the government. When a general calamity has paralyzed the hand of industry- and cramped the energies of the people, it is unfor tunate that at such a time, when the country is least able to hear it, the wants of the government should force an increase of taxation. Iu yielding to the necessity which compels the imposition of the burden, let it be done with that spirit ofjus- tice which regards with equal care and protection all the varied interests of the country. In connexion with this branch of the subject, I would respectfully refer to the view's presented in my last annual report to Congress. It is also a subject of regret that a public neces sity requires a revision of the tariff act of 1857 before a sufficient time has elapsed to test its legi timate effects upon the business of the country as well as the revenues of the government. False im pressions, as to its operation must be carefully guarded against. The fact that this act went into operation on the 1st of July, 1857, and was followed so soon by the disastrous revulsion of that year, has induced many persons to believe that the one was the necessary cause of the other. The advocates of a high protective tariff have not failed to avail themselves of this circumstance to press upon the public mind their peculiar system of affording relief to a distressed people, by increasing their taxes. Every interest in the country which suffered in the general calamity has been earnestly appealed I to, and no efforts have been spared to induce each and all to believe that their misfortunes have . been produced by the passage of the tariff' of 1857. There is, however, one important point in the argument where the logic of the protectionists is wholly at fault. The revulsion was nut confined to the" United States, or even to this continent. It u qur xni ri swept over the world, and was felt with equal and * i ’ perhaps greater severity in other conntries than our own. These results have been too universal to have been brought about by a reduction of about five per cent, upon our importations. The argu ment of tho preteclionists is, that a reduction of our duties stimulates the foreign trade, and in this instance its legitimate effect should have been to relieve the embarrassments of the countries with whom we trade, by opening a larger market for their productions. They charge that the increased importation of foreign goods into the country is disastrous to the business of the home producer and manufacturer, by depriving them of the markets of their own country. Such is the theory of the f irotectionists. Let us apply to it thecfacts w hich iave transpired upon the operations of the tariff of 1857. The foreign producer and manufacturer have not been benefited by the reduction. At all events they have not been preserved from the general calamity which has come upon the producers and manufacturers of similar articles in our own country. The importations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1858. the first and only year ot the present tariff, amount te $282,613,150. being $78,276,991 less than the importations of the last year of the tariff of 1846. These two facts alone furnished a strong refuta tion of the theory we are combatting. For the purpose, however, of a more thorough examination of the questions, I propose to coil- sider the operations ot the iron interest during the same period. I have selected iron for two reasons; first, it is one of the most important interests iu the country, deserving the care and protection of the government to as great an extent as any other: and, secondly, because it has suffered as much, if not more, than any other interest from tho recent re vulsion. Heinp ....36 Sugar 20 * Molasses ....31 Pig iron. .15 ‘ Bar iron... ....12 Leather. .17 “ Wool ...16 Whale oil .19 ‘ Rice ■••134 “ Tobacco. .12 • Pork ...9 “ Copper.. .17 • Butter ...10 Cheese... -.26 • 25,230,879 46 38,500,000 00 70,129,195 56 6,392,746 38 1,994,304 24 4.086,515 48 1,010,142 37 52,357,698 48 74,065,896 99 70,129,295 56 if the price of any commodity falls in the markets of the world, our people, as consumers,are entitled of the benefit of the reduction, and it is not just that the price should be unnaturally sustained by legis lation. . This is especially true when the same causes have produced a like decline in almost every im portant product of our country. , . A table is appended, (marked 8.) compiled from the most reliable sonrees accessible in the absence of any official record, showing the average price for the three last fiscal years, and for each month of each year in the market of^New ^ orkof a number of leading articles. I* rom this table it will appear that from tho year ending June 30 1857, to that ending June 30 1858, there was a decline in leading articles as follows, viz: Wheat flour 24 per cent. Hay 20 per cent. $1,000,000 00 10,000,000 00 70,129,195 56 $7,063,298 57 56,000,00000 5,009,000 00 1.000,000 00 69,063,298 57 12.478,90726 8,497,724 50 52,162,515 08 73,139 147 46 69,063,298 57 4,075,848 89 The estimated receipts being. Deficit ...... To this estimated deficiency on the 30th June, I860, should be added the sum of $3,836,/2 , which will be required for the service ot the Post Office Department during the present fiscal year This latter amount is not taken into tbe foregoing estimates, but is asked for by that department, as will appear from the letter of the Postmaster Gen- eral accompanying the annual estimates. When my last annual report was submitted to Congress. I explained the embanassments under wh : ch the estimated receipts into the treasury were made. A new tariff act had just gone into operation, under circumstances growing out of the then recent revulsion in trade and business, which made ali calculationas to lU effects doubt ful and unsatisfactory. This opinion w as frankly No class loses more heavily or sustains greater privations iu a period of general revulsioti than the agriculturists, and it is asking too mueh of them to submit to additional burdens in order to exempt a favored portion of their fellow-citizens from the common calamity. The above list also shows how little the decline in prices can be ascribed to the change in the tai- itf made in 1857. It occurred indifferently, in articles imported in the most trivial quantities, and iu those most largely imported, in articles the duty on which was unchanged, and in those on which it was diminished; proving that the cause was outside of all tariff regulations and beyond the control of legislation. But it it be alleged that although the changes made iu 1857 did not injure tho American manu facturer, yet that such lias be< n the result of the tariff of 1846, which was based on the same prin ciple, the answer is, that it does not appear that thu manufacturing interest has suffered from that tariff. While some particular branches, prema turely or improvideutly entered into, may have failed, yet the fact is well known that all the great manufacturing interests have largely increased since 1846, more rapidly than the population and general production of the country. An examination of the statistics published un der the authority of various States, among which may be specified Massachusetts, New York, and Ohio, will abundantly prove the proposition. One mode of ascertaining the comparative prosperity of the several industrial interests of the country at different times; is by comparing the amounts of products exported to foreign countries, it being obvious that those who can compete in the com mon market with the like products of other countries can certainly maintain themselves at home. Applying this test to the facts wefind the follow ing results: The export of American manufac tures for the year 1847 was..... •••• $10,4/6,34o For the year 1858 30,372,180 , Increase, ^19,^95,835, equal to 190 per cent In the same years the exports of cotton were, 1847 53,415,848 Id J858 131,386,661 Increase, $77,970,813, equal to 146 per cent. Tobacco, 1847 7.242.086 In 1858 .... 17,009,767 Inci ease, $9,767,681,equal to 135 percent. Tho exports of agricultural productions, except cotton and tobacco, during the same period, show au actual decrease, which, however, is not a fair comparison, as 1847 was a year of famine in Eu rope, but the increase of those exports by a lair comparison of the two periods is about from 75 to 100 per cent. Of the export of manufactures, those of irou and the manufactures of Iron are found to he: 1647, $1,167, 484; 1858, $4,729,874; increase, $3,- 562,390 equal to 305 per cent. I am aware that large exports of an article may sometimes result from adversity instead of pros perity, as when the holder unable to make sales at home; ships goods abroad, as a last resort. But it is taxing out credulity to be told that exports of a large class of articles will go on from year to year, while tho manufacturers are unable to com pete at home with the importer, though protected by twenty-four or even nineteen per cent. And, if it be said that the year 1858 was one in which the state of things referred to especially existed, a comparison of the exports of the preceding year, conceded to be one of remarkable prosperity, will show the same result. It will not suffice to say that this prosperity is owing to the influx ot gold from California. That has been a cause of a general rise in prices and of increased activity in all industrial departments; but no reason is perceived why the agriculture of the country should not be as much stimulated by that cause as the manufacturer. Yet, while both have'increased, the manufacturers have increased faster, whereas if they had been seriously injured by the tariff of 1846. they would, at most, have improved more slowly than other interests not so affected. 1 proceed to reconsider the question of the best mode of revising the present tariff with a view to raising a sufficient sum to meet the demands cf the public service. It has been proposed to re peal the act of 1857, and restore the act of 1846.— To this suggestion there are serious objections, which, to my mind, are insuperable. I am well satisfied that the wants of the government do not require a permanent increase of the taxes to the extent of reviving the tariff of 1846 The duties of forty and one hundred percent, imposed by that act are, in the present condition of trade andcorn- meice, wholly indefensible. The public mind of the country will scarcely be brought again to acquiesce in any higher schedule than thirty per cent, the maximum of the present law. It would certainly require some more ur gent necessity than exists at this time to justify such a measure. ... It has also been proposed to adopt the principle of home valuation, with a view, first of increasing the rates of duty, and secondly of guarding against undervaluation and other frauds, which are alleged to exist under our present system. As a measure for increasing the revenue, this proposition possesses no merit. It seeks to do indirectly shat can be better effected directly. If the sole object is to increase the taxes, it is better to do so in a bold and manly way. At present the duty is imposed upon tho market value of the merchandise in the principal markets of the coun try from which the importation is made, including all costs and charges of shipment. To substitute for this rule the principle of home valuation would be to add to such value of the merchandise the insurance, cost of transportation duty levied, aud profits of the inipoiter. It ought to be a sufficient reply to tho proposi tion that some of these elements entering into the home vaiue are not legitimate subjects of taxation. Other and more serious objections will be consid ered in another connexion. The reason in favor of home valuation, which has been pressed with the most earnestness, is that it will protect tho revenue from fraud by undervaluation. The ad vocates of the change allege that, under our pres ent system, the government is defrauded by va rious means, of its legitimate duties upon a large portion of the imports. In proof of this charge a comparison has been instituted between the value of our exports and imports for the last three years showing that the imports were less, by a large amount, than the exports. This difference is charged to under valuation — The remedy proposed is either home valuation or specific duties. It is true that the exports for the last few years have exceded the imports, but the inference which has been drawn from it is not nec essarily correct. Other causes have contributed to bring about this result. It should be borne in munications of consuls and other agents. 3d. The invoice of the importer made under oath, and also mad • in view of heavy penalties in curred lor fraud and under valuation. 4th. A comparison of the invoices of the various importers engaged in the same business, and not unfreqoently ot the same date. 5th. The experience derived from daily exam inations of the character, value, and price of the article. These, with other ordinary channels of informa tion common to the public, furnish, it would seem, ample means for the correct and faithful discharge of duty. The additional element of cost and charges of shipment cannot be calculated with the same cer tainty. It however, constitutes a small portion of the dutiable value, and the experience of the ap praisers will enable them to guard against any se rious injury from that quarter. To substitute for this plan a home valuation would be to require the appraisers to ascertain the value of the article by an inquiry into its value at the port of importa tion. In what manner shall we proceed to do so He must take the price current of the market, fur nished in the ordinary mode, and such information as he can gather from his intercourse with com meroial men, and his knowledge of the trade and business of his port. The result would be that the duty levied on the same article would be differ ent in the different ports of the country; and this would happen, though the appraisers might dis charge their duty honestly and faithfully. Sueh would be the case under the most favorable view of the subject; but we cannot close our eyes to the fact that the adoption of the system of homo val uation would inevitably lead to difficulties and embarrassments. it would become the interest of importers to control the market value at their respective ports with a view to tin- amount of duty to be paid hv them. In what manner, and to what extent com binations for this object would bo made, espe cially at the smaller ports, it is impossible toan- ticipate. The men who are enabled to evade the present law, and defraud the treasury in spite of its restrictions, and with the checks now thrown around them, would not find it difficult to estab lish, when it suited their purposes, a fictitious market value for the most, it not all, of our ports. If the appraiser, convinced that by such combina tions ot other means a fraud was attempted, should find it necessary to ascertain the lone fide market value, Ins most efficient means of doing so would be togo to the same sources of informa tion that he now uses. Ha would be compelled.then, as now to look to the foreign market, aud the cost and charges of shipment, but he would be required to extend his investigation to the other elements which go to make up the whole value of the article. After as certaining the dutiable value of the goods, as at present he must ascertain tbe insurance, the i freight, the profits of the importer; and, adding all these together, with the amount of duty to be paid, he would arrive at the home market value. To my mind this process would constitute the fair* est and safest check against fraud. As, however, all these elements, except the rate of duty, would differ according to the different modes of transportation to the different ports.it leads in the end to the same objectionable result which I have already considered. Not only so, but each new clement entering into the calcula tion adds to the difficulty of ascertaining the true value, and opens a new door for imposition. If, as charged, we cannot ascertain the value of an article in a foreign market, aud the cost of putting it on shipboard, it would he still more difficult to find out not only that, hut the additional amounts of insurance, freight, and the profits of the impor ter. Iu this view of the subject it will be perceiv ed that the change is objectionable for two palpa ble reasons. 1. By inveitably causing different valuations of the same goods at the different ports; thus violating both the spirit and letter of the con stitution, which declares that ‘‘all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout the Uni ted States,” and that no preference shall be given (by any regulation of commerce or revenue) to the ports of oue State over those of another. Though lie may not be able under any system to have the same precise valuation in every port, yet that one which most nearly approximates to it should bo adopted. 2. A second objection is, that so far from pre venting existing frauds, it offers greater opportu nities for fraud than the present law. It is sought to avoid these difficulties and em barrassments by making the market price at New York the standard of value, and to levy duties not only on there but throughout the United States upon that basis. I do not see that it meets the objections which have beeu presented against the system The same danger of affecting the market prices by improper combinations would exist. It woujd ho attended with like difficulties iu reaching the true valuation of merchandise. The appraisers at other ports would encounter the same attempts at fraud and undervaluation, without possessing equal means of detection. Its operations would be unequal and unjust; the importer at New York paying a duty upon the real value of his merchandise, whilst at all other ports he would he required to pay upon a fictitious value; as the actual value of an article in New 1 ork on one day would often be very different from its actual value in New Orleans and San Francisco on another or even the same day. The importer at New York would pay his duty upon the real value of liis goods at the time he receives them, whilst at all other places he would he requited to J>ay upon a fictitious value ascertained at some previ ous period at another point. These objections would seem to be sufficient to reject the proposi tion, but the impracticability of working such a plan is conclusive against it. The difficulty of ascertaining in Boston. Philadelphia, Charleston, New Orleans, and other points upon the Atlantic and Gulf, the market value of merchandise iu New Yoik would he great; but when the rule is extended to the Pacific, its enforcement would be not only violative of the constitutional provisions to which I have referred, but of evety principle of justice and equality. Adhering to the principles of the present tariff act. I would recommend such changes as will produce the amount required for the public ser vice. In accordance with the suggestion contain ed in my last annual report, I .recommend that schedules C, D, F, G, II be raised, respectively to 25, 20, 15, 10, and i ' per cent. I see no good reason for having departed in the act of 1857 from the system of decimal divisions. The pres ent state of things affords a .fit opportunity of cor recting the error. This change will increase the revenue from customs $I,8UO,000, upon the basis of the last fiscal year. To raise the additional amonnt needed will not require an increase of all the rates of duty of the present tariff. It will become necessary, there fore, to select certain articles to be transferred from lower to higher schedules. In making such changes, the true principles governing the imposi tion of duties for revenue should be kept iu .view, and such discriminations made as, -consistently therewith, will best promote the various interests of our country without doing injustice to'any. The information contained in table 7 will afford Congress the necessary data for their action — That table contains the importations, with the rates of duty and amount of revenue d-rivab e therefrom, "lor each of three last fiscal years.— When the amount which the legislation of Con gress shall make it necessary to raise shall have been ascertained with anything like reasonable certainty, the information contained iu this table will render the work of making such transfers simple and easy. The public debt on the 1st July* 1857, was $29,- 060,381 • 90. as stated in my last report. During the last fi-cal year there was paid of that debt the sum of $3,904,409 24, leaving the sum of $25,- By reference to table six, appended to this re port, it will be seen that tlm importations of iron and steel of all kinds amounted, m the year ending June 30, 1857, to $25,954,1 II. In the year ending June 30, 1858, it amounted to $16,328,039; being a reduction Of $9,1)20,(172- This reduction is ne counted for in part by the reduced prices of the last year; but there is shown by the same table a large reduction in the amount of imported iron and all manufactures of iron. Whatever cause, there fore, may have produced the great depression of the iron interests during the last year, it is very clear that it is note wing to an increased importa tion of foreign iron under the act of 1857. If, as alleged, the price of iron in this country liad been reduced by the increased importations caused by the reduction of duties, then the price of the article in those countries from which we import ought to have been beneficial'liy affected. A comparison of the prices in this and foreign countries during tbe last year will allow that such was not the fact, as the price fell not only in the United States, but in Europe also. The price of big-iron, on hoard, at Glasgow, on December 31, 1856, was 74s (<!.; on December 31,1857 52s. Od ; being a decline of twen ty-nine per centum. The average price at New Voik, for January, 1857, was $25; for January, le58. was $20 50: showing a decline of eighteen per ceutum. The difference between the highest ami lowest prices iu New York for the year 1857, being $31 in April, 1857, and $23 in December, is less than twenty-six percent., whilst the difference between • V . , OU111 yj A V " J*' *» * — * 7 ” -w ' mind that our exports are valued at the port ot ex- 1 155,967 66 outstanding on tho 1st July, 1858. portation. When these exports reach a falling T 0 this amount must be added the sum of $10, market abroad the return cargo will exhibit in the ooo.out), negotiated during the present fiscal year, diminished value of the importation the loss sits- of the loan authorized by act of June 14, 1658. tained by the person on whose account the exports 'i ij ere was issued under the provisions of the act have been shipped. This often constitutes an im- 0 f December 23, 1857, during the last fiscal year, portant element in accounting for that excess of ; treasury notes to the amount of $23,716,309, of expressed to Congress at the time. The present es- t | |e i,i K h est ail( j | owust f or the same year at Liver- , e , ...mnwhiit more favor- i J timates are submitted under somewhat more favor able circumstances, and consequently with greater confidence in their correctness. The tariff of 1857 lias been in operation more than a year, and in ordinary times the experience of that year would aff ord reliable data to judge of its effect as well upon the trade of the country as the revenues of the government. The continu ance of financial difficulties during a large portion of the time, however, and the effects of it, opera ting to a great extent during the whole period, create serious difficulties in formiug a satisfactory judgment upon the question. The preseut esti mates are based upon the opiroon that a reaction in tbe tiade and business of the country has com menced, and that we are gradually, but steadily, returning to a healthy and prosperous condition. There seems to be a concurrence in the public mind on this subject, if we may judge from the general tone of public sentiment. The files of the department furnish strong evidence of its truth. Our exports for the year ending 30th Jane 1858, were $324,644,421—being a reduction from the preceding year of only $38,316,261; whilst pool was thirty per centum f he average price of bar iron at Liver- £ s <1. pool for January, 1857, was 8 2 6 The average price of bar iron at Liver pool for January, 185-, »vas 6 12 6 Difference, 18 percent. The average price of bar iron at New J'ork for January, 1857, was $55 The average price of bar iron at New York for January, 1858. was Difference nearly 13 per cent. Now, it will hardly he contended that a.reduc tion of six per cent, in q^r tariff depressed the price of irou in Glasgow and Liverpool. The argument of the protectionist contemplates a dii- ferent result. These facts show that the prices have been as well sustained in America as in Eu rope, and that the depression which occurred must have been brought on by causes common to both countries, and independent of the tariff of 1857. It may be said that tbe prices in America would have been better sustained with a higher tariff by excluding the importation of iron from England at the low prices ruling there. The answer is, that, por exports which has been attributed to fraud. '1110 payment by our citizens of their debts in Europe, w liich for two years past has been largely done, the transactions of hankers and brokers in ex change, and smuggling, a species ol fraud common to every system, all affect the comparative amounts of exports and imports. If it were true that the difference in labor of ex ports over imports was chargeable to the ad valor cm system and the present mode of valuation, then tho faet^iould bo found to exist not only during the last few years, but during the whole period of tho existence of the present system. An examina tion of our exports and imports (as will be seen by reference to table 4) for a series of years, will show that such is not the case. The tariff of 1846 was m operation over ten years. During that period the whole amount of our exports was $2,512,681 ,• 327, and our imports during the same period amounted to $2,566,250,328. The advocates of home valuation have fallen into the error by con fining their comparison to a limited number of years. The general result which I have stated indicates that if frauds have been practiced upon the reven ue it is not owing to our present ad valorem sys tem. This will appear from a coni|uirisoii of the exports and imports (hiring the operation of the tariff act of 1812. That act, the distinguished fea tures of which were specific duties and minimum valuations, was in operation nearly four years.— During that time our exports amounted to $423,- 661,648, aud our imports |to $412,135,165. If tho argument drawn from theexcess of exports over imports be correct, this statement would indicate that greater frauds have been committed under a tariff of specific duties than under the ad valorem act of 1846. If, however, it be true that frauds are committed under our present system to the ex tent charged will a change to home valuation pre vent the i-evil I .... To furnish a satisfactory answer to this inquiry, it will he proper to examine the manner of ascer taining the dutiable value of imports under exist ing laws, and what would bq required to be done under the proposed change. At present the ap praiser is called upon to ascertaiu the value of the the article in the principal markets of the country from which it is brought. The data upon which he is to make up his judgement are: 1st. The prices current which every commercial communi ty supplies. 2d. The information to be derived from the com- i-asury I which there was redeemed, and the department informed thereof, during the same period. $3,961,- 500, leaving the sum of $19,754,800 outstanding on the let July, 184"*. The details are shown by statements marked 1 and 5. I11 estimating the receipts and expenditures for the present aud next fiscal years, it is not contemplated to redeem the outstanding treasury notes. As these notes w ill become due and payable during the next fiscal year, some provisions should be made to meet them. 1 am opposed to the policy of adding this amount to the permanent public debt by funding the notes. On the other hand, their entire re demption in one year would call for an increase of the tariff to a point which would render necessary another revision of it in the succeeding year. - The true policy is to look-in the present revision of the tariff "to their gradual redemption, com mencing with the next fiscal year. To carry out this policy, Congress should provide for tho raising of such amount of revenue as will enable the department to redeem a portion cf them, and, at the same time, exiend for one year the provision ol the act of December 23, I8i'»7, authorizing the rc-issue of such portion of them as the means of the government will not enable us to redeem. By this course we shall gradually discharge this part of the public debt without placing upon the people au enormous additional burden in the un necessary increase of their taxes. The operations of the independent treasury system have beeu conducted during the last fiscal year with the usual success. Another year s ex perience confirms the opinions 1 expressed 011 this subject in my former annual report. 1 am well satisfied that the wlwlesome restraint which the collection of the government dues in specie ex erts over the operation ol our preseut banking system contributed in no small degree to miti gate the disasters of the late revulsion. The op portunity which it afforded at an eariy period of relieving the financial embarrassments of the country by the policy of redeeming a portion ol the public debt, and furnishing the country there by with the specie used in its redemption, was at tended with the happiest results. It is difficult to estimate the extent of the relief which was thus afforded, though 1 believe that the intelligent judgment of business men occurs in according to it the most beneficial effects. The adoption of a similar system of the different States, as suggest ed in my last report, wonld afford additional pro tection to the country against the ruinous effects commercial c f over banking, and consequent derengement of the enrrenev. A remedy so simple and just for an evil so great must commend itself to the fa vorable consideration of those to whom the sub ject is intrusted. The attention of Congress is again called to the provisions of the act of March 3. lo5i, on the subject of deposits by the disbursing agents of the government. In my last report I stated in general terms that it was impracticable to execute the law according to its literal requirements, and the reasons were briefly set forth. The objects which the act sought to accomplish meet the entire approval of the department, and it has been carried out to the utmost extent that was practicable. A few illus trations will show the impossibility of executing the law as it now stands. By its provisions a purser in the uavy would be required to deposit the funds placed in his hands for the payment of the officers and crew of his hands for the payment of the officers and crew of a vessel, in mte of the public depositories, and he could only draw it out by a draft in favor of the person to whom he de sired to make payment. A vessel on a foreign station is absent not uufrequently for two and three years, and whilst thus absent the purser wonld have to pay the officers an/l men by drafts on a public depository in the United States. He would also have to pay all other expenses, which exceeded the sum of twenty dollars, by similar drafts in favor of the person to whom the pay ment was to be made A disbursing agent i . the Indian Department would be required to pay the Indians their annuities by similar dratts. The disbursing agents of the army would have to set tle with the officers and meu of tlicarmy, at their distant posts, in the same manner. A collector of the port of Eastport, in thd State of Maine, would have to transport the funds with which he is to pay the employees of the government at his port to Boston or some ether place where there is a public depository, and there give drafts on the public depository "to each person to whom the payment is to be made. These cases illustrate the impossibility of executing the law as it now stands on the statute book. There are serious and almost insurmountable difficulties in the way of executing it, even in the immediate neighbor hood of a public depository, 'lake, for illustra tion, a case which can be brought within the per sonal observation of members ot Congress. There are paid monthly in Washington city more than a thousand persons. This law requires that each of these persons should receive a draft from the disbursing agent who settles with him, and pre sent it to the treasurer’s office. The time that would be occupied by the treasurer in identifying the applicants, and the number of additional clerks which would be required to keep the neces sary books, independent of the usual responsibili ty which would be put upon the treasurer of iden tifying so many persons, render the execution of the law, even in this case, impracticable. For all this additional trouble and difficulty there is no compensating advantage over the present mode of making such payments, which has been found by practice both safe and expedient. It can scarcely he necessary to point out all the difficul ties which exist. Congress is again referred to the circular regulations which were adopted by the department on this subject, and the recom mendation of amending the law, as suggested in my last report, is repeated. The report of the director of the Mint is here with transmitted, marked 9. It appears that the amount of Bullion received at the several mint es tablishments during th-fiscal year ending June 30, 1856, was $51,494,311 29 in gold, and $9,196,- 954 67 in silver; and that the coinage during the same period amounted to $52,889,800 29 in gold, and $8,233,267 77 in silver, and $234,009 in cents. The director recommends that the law be so amended as to make silver a legal tender to the extent of fifty or one liundri d dollars. I am not aware of any serious complaint against the law as it now stands, and can see therefore no urgent necessity for a change. He also recommends the issuing of mint certifi cates to depositors for sums as low ns fifty dollars payable to bearer, with a view of creating a sound paper currency. This suggestion does not meet the approval of the department. I have many obiections to the propositions, but do not deem it necessary to enter upon the discussion, as I feel quite confident that there will be no serious disposition on the part of Congress #0 give it a fa vorable consideration. The operations of the Mint during the last fiscal year have been conduc ted with energy and ability by the officers in charge of this important branch of the public ser vice. The accompanying report of tho engineer in charge of the Bureau of Construction will exhibit the progress of the various public buildings under the direction of this department. Many of them have been completed, and are ready to be occupied for the various purposes for which they were erec ted. In all of them as much progress has been made as was anticipated at the commencement of the year. No new buildings have been begun since the adjournment of Congress. In my last report I called the attention of Congress to the fact that owing to the condition of the treasury, the depart ment had postponed the building of a portion of public works authorized by previous acts of Con gress. To have commenced them at that time, or at any period since, would have required the bor rowing of the means to construct them. The si lence of Congress on the subject indicated their approval of the policy. The condition of the treasury at present is not more favorable for the construction of such build ings. At a time when the necessities of the gov ernment demand an increase of taxation, I should not fed justified in recommending the construc tion of such works as are not urgently demanded for tho public service. It will be for Congress to decide, in providing the necessary means for the next fiscal year, whether or not they will impose an iucrease tax for such a purpose. The occasion is an appropriate one again to call the attention of Congress to the system 01 erecting public buildings. They are referred to tables (Nos. 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9) appended to the en gineer’s report. These tables will show the num ber of public buildings erected at different periods the cost of their construction, and the necessity which existed for their erection. The revenue received at any port indicates the amount of business which requires a custom house. The amount received at a post office indicates the necesfity of a building for that object, and the number of days of the sitting of the courts will show the necessity for a government building for that object. It will be for Congress to say wheth er a system which has led to the building ot a custom house at a port yielding $139 93 of rev enue, and a post office which pays $197 65, and of a court house where tho federal courts were in session four days in a year, is entitled to their continued sanction and approval. It is said that some of these buiklihgs arc used for all three of these purposes, This is true; but a reference to the tables alluded to will show that, in that view of the subject, the expenditure in many cases cannot be justified as the combined services were not of sufficient importance to require the erection of such buildings. If the amount of business done at the places where these buildings have been erected justified the expenditure, then com mon justice would demand that similar buildings should be put up at every other place in the Uni ted States were on an equal amount of business is doue. To do this would require an expenditure of money which the warmest advocate of the sys tem will not approve. The recommendations of my last report on this subject are again submitted to your consideration. In the present state of our finances, it will hardly be proposed to add to the public expenditures by authorizing the erection ot any more public build ings. In no event however, should such works be directed without first subjecting the application for them to a rigid inquiry into their necessity and propriety; and whend tound necessary, the depart ment should be required to submit to Congress suitable plans and estimates ot thu cost, before an appriopriation is made. Your attention is particularly invited to that por tion of the engineer's report which refers to the subject of marine hospitals. Each year’s experi ence adds to the objections which have been pre sented to Congress to the system of .building and maintaining these hospitals. The relief afforded is not moreample, w hilst the expense is much great er than exists under the old system. The infsrma- tion which is communicated on this subject must attract tbe serious attention of Congress, and should lead, in my judgement, to a radical change. The amount now annually drawn from tho treas ury to supply the deficiency in the fund for the relief of sick and disabled seamen cxceds the sum raised out of tho wages of the seamen for this purpose. It was not so formerly, and the fact is iu 110 small degree attributable to tin- increased and unnecessary .expenditures growing out of the building and keeping up marine hospitals. Be sides, tlu-re is no fund disbursed by the govern ment which possessnsjliiglir elaimes lor a just and economical expenditure than the ore under con sideration. The law compells the collection of this money from the wages of tlie seamen, and the government undertakes to expend it for their bene fit and protection. The trust is a sacred one, and cauonlybc faithfully discharged by exercising the greatest care and economy on its dishursment I renew the recommendations of my last report on this subject. 1 deem it my duty to call tho attention of Con gress to the hill for the ie virion and consolidation of the revenue laws, reported by me iu obedience to a resolution of the House of Hepresentativcs at the last session of Congress. For the reasons then suggested. I deem it important that the bill should receive the favorable action of Congress at the present session. Instead of that portion of the bill as originally re ported regulating the collection districts, and ap pointment and compensation of officers, I propose to submit, at an early day, a substitute suggested by the experience of an additional year in this de partment, which, it is believed, will obviate many existing inconveniences, and very materially re duce theexpenses of collecting the revenue. In this connexion it is deemed proj er to refer to a misaprebension which semes to exist, to some extent, in regard to the receipts at.d expen ditures at certain ports. While the amount of foreign merchandise impor ted at a given point would clearly indicate the necessity for au adequate provision there for the collecting of the revenue, it by no means fol lows that the intrests <Sf the revenue do not require the services of officers at points where few or no duties are collected. A judicious disposition of a preventive force is indispensible to the collec tion of a revenue from imports. Especially is this true in regard to tho United States, along whose extensive seabord and frontier boundaries there are so many points through which foreign merchandise might be thrown intothe interior free of duty, but for the vigilance of a preventive corps. Upon the principal avenues of trade with foreign countries, provision has been made by law, at ports of entry, for the collection of duties, and at those ports our revenue from customs is mainly collected or secured Other chanels through which foreign merchandise might clandes tinely reach the interior are, of necessity, guarded by a preventive force, and often at points where the expenses exceed the amount of collections - Such a force could not be withdrawn withou leav- the laws and regulation exposed to evasion and the public revenue to incalculable loss. Take the districts of Champlain aud A ermont on the Canadian frontier as an illustration.— There is a large number of officers stationed at various points along tho frontier 111 these districts, and the expenses of collection exceed by more than one-half the amount of revenue received. What would be the effect on the revenue of the withdrawal of this force from these points may be preceived by a glance at the connexions of those districts, and of the water of Lake Champlain, ith tho principal markets and Territory of Canada One of theses stations, Rouse’s Point, where a large portion of Canadian commerce first enters the United States, communicates by railroads and the river St. John’s with Montreal and the St. Lawrence. If uo preventive force were stationed at those points, merchandise of provincial and European origin might be introduced into the United States by those routes, and the various points along the Canadian and A ermont fiontier, without the possibility of prevention, and to the serious injury of the revenue trom customs. Where articles are taxed by oar tariff, but made free by the Canadian, or where the difference ^of duties in Canada and the United States wouid in sure a profit on the adventure, merchandise might be exported in bond from our own warehouses to Canada, to be thrown thence upon onr market without the payment of any duty whatever to the United States. Merchandise so imported might supply, to a large extent, the consumption of New England and New York, in whose ports so large a portion of the public revenue is now collected. At the ports of Pensacola, in Florida, and Shic'dsboro’ near the month of Pearl river, in Mis sissippi, on our Gulf coast, revenue officers are stationed, but no duties of any considerable a- inount collected. But for the presence of a reve nue force at those points, the valuable products of European and West Indian commerce might be introduced, free of duty, into the interior through the waters commanded by those ports, with hardly a possibility of prevention, and to the serious diminution of the revenue collected at the ports of New Orleans and Mobile Other instances of the necessity of a preventive service might be readily suggested, but it is not deemed necessary. It is believed that the ex pense of maintaining it might, at some points, be reduced without impairing its utility; and the de partment has that subject now under considera tion. At the last session of Congress appropriations were made for the purchase ot the best self-right ing life-boats, to be placed on the coast of New Jersey, and the best life-boats tor use on the coast of Long Island. As the government had already provided life-boats for those stations, the object of the law was evidently to ascertain a better boat than those already employed, and, if found, to substitute it for those now in use. Takingthis view of the subject, I appointed a commission to test the qualities of the various kind of boats that had been constructed, aud which were offered to the government. The report of the commissioners has been received within tne last few days—too late for any action of the department before the meet, ing of Congress. It is herewith submitted- (marked 44) with a view of placing before Con gross all the information on the subject in the pos session of the department, and also that such ad ditional action may be had at the present session as may he deemed advisable. The report of the superintendent of CoastjBur- vey, giving a statement of the operations of this service during the last fiscal year, will be submit ted to Congress at an early day. The report of the supervising inspectors (marked 12) is herewith submitted. A report from the president and diretors of the Louisville and Portland Canal Company is expec ted to reach the department in a short time, and when received will be submitted to Congress. The accompayning reports from the various bu reaus of the Treasury Department (Marked A to L) will furnish detailed statements of the business transacted in each of them. In addition to the regular annual report of the Light House Board, (marked No. 13,) I transmit a report from the board, (marked No. 45,) which has been prepared in answer to a resolution of the Senate ofFebuary 1, 1858. The information con tained in it will be interesting to both houses, and is therefore communicated at this time. Aii of which is respectfully submitted. HOWELL COBB. Secretary of the Treasury. non, John C. Breckinridge, Vice President of the United States, and President of the Senate. — BUSINESS CARDS. BRISCOS dtdeORArrLNRIE ATTORNEYS AT LAW. JIILLEDCEYILLE, CEO. W ILL practice in the courts of tho Ocnn,lg e8 circuit. Milledgeville, Ga., March 1.1858. 40 ly. Messrs. A. II. & L. II. KENAN, Are Associated in the Practice of Law Office 1st Door upon 2d floor of MA SOX 1C HALL. Jan. 23d, 1857 . 35 tf. DIC A- II CUMUIINg' ' Irtpinlon, Wilkinson County Ga Tenders his Professional services te the citizen* of Wilkinson county. [Jan. 6, 57, ]y THOMAS J. COX, ATTORNEY AT LAW, NEWTON, Baker county, Ga. March 18, 1856. 42 tf J. BRANHAM, Jr., ATTORNEY AT LAW, EATONTON, GA. March 1.1858. 40 ly| OKIE VC A GJK1EYE, ATTORNEYS AT L A W, MILLEDGEVILLE, GA. MILLER GRIEVE, SEN. MILLER «IF.VE. JR. Oct. 7th. 1856. 19 tf GENERAL ADVERTISEMENTS. Dny Curly Copies—Row Kcady. THE POETICAL WORKS OF EDGJVR ALLAN POE, Beautifully Illustrated with marc than ONE HUNDRED ORIGINAL DESIGNS By Darb y, Birket, Foster Pickersgill, Tenniel, Crop- sev, Duggan uml Maddot; Aud engraved in the finest style of Wood Engraving by COOPER LINTON EVANS &c, Splendidly bound— Price six Dollars. A Jcie Copies in Morocco, Xine Dollars. Also the Fifteenth Edition of POE’S COMPLETE - WORKS, IN FOUR VOLUMES, 12mo. PRICE $4 50, Containing the tales of Grotesque aud Arabesque; Wonderful Stories of the Imagination; All his poetry; The Story of Arthur Gordon Pym; and a complete collection of all his contributions to the Magazines.— Edited by RUFUS W. GRISWOLD D. D. With notices of his Life by J 11 Lowell and N P Willis. Sent by mail, postage prepaid, upon receipt of the J S. REDFELD Agent 34 Beckman st, New York. October 25 J 858 22 2m. SOUTH-WESTERN TRiilllL It NEGROES WANTED. T HIS Company is now prepared to hire Negroes to work on repairs ot their Road, for 1859. Contracts can be made with J. M. Walden, Fort Valley; J. J. Dasher, or A. J. Heard 011 line of Road, Win. S. Brantly or the Undersigned atSu perintendi nt’s office, Macon. GEO. W. ADAMS, Snp’t. Nov. 3rd, 1858. 24 6t. NOTICE. 4 GUKKABLZ to an order of the Inferior Court of Coffee county, Georgia, will he let out to the lowest bid der, before the court house door, in the town of Doug las, in said county, on the FIRST Tl ESDAY IN JANUARY next, the building of a jail in Douglas, in said county. PI.AX OP THE JAIL. The jail to be built of the of heart of Yellow Pine, 20 feet square; the timbers to be 10 inches square; two tears of 12 inch square timber to be laid on the ground for tin- floor; two wulls to he made out of It) square timber and dove-tailed together, the out side wall to be 29 feet square, and to be 10 inch space between the two walls, to be filled up with 10 iueli square timber; to be set on end, and there to he two windows iu the dungeon 18 inch square, and to have 1-12 inch square burs of iron for the grading, substantially put in tlm floors, to be 9 fei t apart, the floor over the dungeon to be made of 12 inch square timber, amt the door to the dungeon to open on the upper floor in the centre of the house and the « Ut side wail to be made 9 feet high above the dllli- eeoii; for the debtors ns Oil out of 10 inch timber and 10 inch floor of square timber. The roofto he covered with heart shingles aud to extend all round so as to box the eaves; and covered hip roof and to be two windows anil they gr.nVd as the lower windows. And to be a stair ease To go up to the door in the debtors room. The trap door is to be fixed with a good irou liar across the door, and it to be substantially locked so as to be safe. The step or stair ease to run up on the out side, aud to be made of the best of ligbtwood or cypress; and the house to be wealit her boarded on the out side with 6 or 7 inch weather boarding, and both floors to lie laid with 1-12 inch flooring, and the flooring to be well spiked down; and the door to the debtors muni is to have two shatters one on the out side, and one on the inside, and both to be hung with substantial hinges, and each door is to have a sulistantial lock. The clerk of the court is to advertise in the Federal Union, a public Gazette at Milledgeville, Ga ; to be let out to t! 0 lowest bidder on the first Tuesday in January next. DANIEL NEWBORN, J. I. C. MARK LOTT, J. I. C. HARDY HALL, J I.G. HIRAM SEARS, J.I. C. C. A. WARD, J. I. C A true extract from the minutes of the court, this Nov. 0, 1853.- 26—Ct J. K. HILLIARD, C. J. C. P.S.—Seeded proposals will bo received by the clerk, ami carefully kept unbroken till the day of letting out. The word proposals for building jail to be wrote on the envelope. Thomas Hardeman, Jr. J. W Griffis. HARDEMAN A GRIFFIN, WHOLESALE GROCERS, D ealers in wines, liquors, tobac co, SEGARS and Groceries of every de scription. Corner of Cherry and Third Sts., MACON, GA, Sept. 2d, 1856. 14 tf ETHERIDGE 8c SON, Factors, Commission and Forwarding MERCHANTS, HA VANN All, «A. D ETHERIDGE. W. D. ETHERIDGE, Jr July 15th, 1856. 8 tf JANES C. BOWER, ATTORNEY AS LAW. OFFICE, lrwinton, Wilkinson Count), Ci, W ILL practice in the Superior Courts of the Counties of Wilkinson, Washington, Lau rens, Twiggs, Bibb and Baldwin; iu the Supreme Courts, and the United States’ Courts for the Dis trict of Georgia. [feb. 9,’58.—37 *ly HINES 8c HOBBS. ATTORNIES AT LAW, ALBANY, GA. Practice in Dougherty and the surrounding CouuJ ties, in the U. S. Circuit Court, for the South ern District Georgia, and in any couuty in the State by special agreement. New York—Carhart, Brother & Co., Wolfe & Bishop; Alexis, Bragg &. Warren; E. & R. K. Graves; Havilland, llarral & Kisley ; A. P. Hal sey, Cash’rB’k N. Y. Savannah, Ga.—Belden & Co.; Bacon & Levy; Cheever &. Co ; Patten, Hutton & Co.; Rogers & Norris; C. H. Campfield, Esqr. Charleston, S. C.—Dewing, Thayer & Co.; Chamberlain, Miler & Co.; J. & E. Bancroft; E.B. Stoddard & Co.; T. N. Horsey & Co.; P. A. Moise, Esqr. Macon, Ga —E A. & J. A. Nisbet; Poe & Co.; J. L. Jones, Esqr.; I. C. Plant, Esqr., Edwin Grans, Esqr,; Asher Ayres, Esqr. 33 tf V. A. GASRILL. ATTORNEY AT LAW. Fairburn, Ga. March 1st, 1858. '40 (im. WASHINGTON HALL accommodation ol I S open to the public for the TRANSIENT as well as EEGULAL BOAR DERS. Being centrally located is convenient both to the Capitol and the business part of the city. Ac commodations good. Charges liberal. N.C. BARNETT. Milledgeville Dec. 7, 1858. d3t wly. C* INTY days after date application will be made to Othe Court of Ordinal)-of Wilkinson county for leave to sell throe negroes to-wit, Emeline Antouett and Asa, belonging to William,Richard,Ransom Sc Eugenia Breedlove minor children of Benjamin H.. Breedlove late of said county deceased. SoM for adi v wion. JOHN H. BREEDLOVE G’n. Nov. 251858. 27 9t.' The following remedies are offered to the public as the best, most perfect which medical science c;m afford. Ayf.r’s Cathartic Pills have been pre pared with the utmost skill which the medical pro fession of this age possesses, and their effects show they have virtues which surpass any combination of medicines hitherto known. Other preparations io more or less good; but this cures such dangerou. complaints, so quick and so surely, as to pro\e an efficacy and a power to uproot disease beyond any thing which men have known before. By removing the obstructions of the internal organs and stimulat ing them into healthy action, they renovate the foun tains of life and vigor,—health courses anew through the body, and the sick man is well again. They are adapted to disease, and disease only, for when taken by one in health they produce but little ctfcct. Thu is the perfection of medicine. It is antagonistic to disease, and no more. Tender children may take them with impunity. If they are sick they wiJ curs them, if they are well they will do them no harm. Give them to some patient who has been prostrated with bilious complaint: see his bent-np, tottering form straighten with strength again ; see his long-lost appe tite return; see his clammy features blossom into health. Give them to some sufferer whose foul blood has burst out in scrofula till his skin is covered with sores; who stands, or sits, or lies in anguish. Be ha* been drenched inside and out with every potion which ingenuity could suggest. Give him these Pills, and mark the effect; see the scabs fall from his body; see the new, fair skin that has grown under them ; see the late leper that is clean. Give them to him whose angry humors have planted rheumatism in his Joints ana bones ; move him and he screeches with pain ; he too has been soaked through every muscle of his body with liniments and salves; give him these Pills to purify his blood; they may not cure him, for, alas, there arc cases which no mortal power can reach; but mark, he walks with crutches now, and now he walks alone ; they have cured him. Give them to the lean, sour, haggard dyspeptic, whose gnawing stomach has long ago eaten every smile from his face and every muscle from his body. See his appetite return, and with it his health; see the new man. See her that was radiant with health and loveliness blasted and too early withering away ; want of exercise, or mental an guish, or some lurking disease, has deranged the inter nal organs of digestion, assimilation, or secretion, till thev do their office ill. Her blood is vitiated, her health is gone. Give her these Pills to stimulate the vital principle into renewed vigor, to cast out the ob structions, and infuse a new vitality into the blood. Now look again — the roses blossom on her cheek, and where lately sorrow sat joy bursts from every fea ture. See the sweet infant wasted with worms. Its wan, sickly features tell you without disguise, and painfully distinct, that they are eating its life away. Its pinched-up nose and ears, and restless sleeping^, tell the dreadful truth in language which every mother knows. Give it the Pills in large doses to sweep these vile parasites from the body. Now turn again and see the ruddy bloom of childhood. Is it nothing to do these things ? Nay, are they not the marvel of this age ? And yet they are done around you every day. Have you the less serious symptoms of these dis tempers, they are the easier cured. Jaundice, Costivc- ness, Headache, Sideaehe, Heartburn, Foul Stomach, Nausea, Pain in the Bowels, Flatulency, Loss of Ap petite, King’s Evil, Neuralgia, Gout, and kindrea complaints all arise from tho derangements which these Pills rapidly cure. Take them persevermgiy. and under the counsel of a good Physician if you can. if not. take them judiciously by such advice as we give you, and the distressing, dangerous diseases they cure, which afflict so many millions of the human race, arc cast out like the devils of old — they must bur row in the brutes and in the sea. Price 25 cents per box—5 boxes for $1. Through a trial of many years, and through every nation of civilized men, Ayer’s Chf.uky Plctoeai- has been found to afford more relief, and to cure more cases of pulmonary disease, than any other remedy known to mankind! Cases of apparently settled con sumption have been cured by it, and thousands of suf ferers, who were deemed beyond the reach of human aid, have been restored to their friends and usefulness to sound health and the enjoyments of life, by this powerful antidote to diseases of the lungs and thro^- Here a cold had settled on the lungs. The dry, hack ing cough, the glassy eye, and the pale, thin fen^jj of him who was lately lustv and strong, whisper to but him Consumption. He tries every thing; the disease is gnawing at his vitals, and shows f . fatal symptoms more and more over all his u ' He is taking the Cherry Pectoral now; > ^ stopped his cough and made his breathing ea N sleep is sound at night; his appetite returns, ^ it his strength. The dart which pierced his s ^ broken. Scarcely any neighborhood can ' which has not some living trophy like " ‘ Wc- forth the virtues which have won for the (hi. , nf5 j tokal an imperishable renown. But its u. ^ p does not end here. Nay, it accomplishes »o -5, vention than cure. The countless colds■ ,;,,<.ncd which it cures are the seed which would ha' 1 1^. into a dreadful harvest of incurable diseas s.^_^^^ enza, Croup, Bronchitis, Hoarseness, , ] ttiur < ing Cough, and all irritations of the throat a. ; n are easily cured by the Cherry Pectoral > ‘ aIi 1 season. Every family should have it *9. "V ,u e in- they will find it an invaluable protection > r0 “ j fn ,, u sidious prowler which carries off the parent sa> many a flock, the darling Iamb from many a Authenticated evidence of these facts, is for the treatment of each complaint, may J h ‘ t hre« Ayer’s American Alifianac, of which we I 1 ' 1 ®' 1 ’ ft ^ i millions, and scatter them broadcast over to' ^ ore in order that the sick every where may hav ^ ^ them the information it contains. tr ibu- dealers in medicine generally have them for _ ^ tion gratis, and also for sale these remedies, P JTJpj. by Dr. J. C. Ayer, Practical and Analytica ut, Lowell, Mass. 8035X7 B-sr , K.J. WHITE, also by GRIEVE &CLABK. » edgeviile, Ga., and by all deal <!« m Medicine