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Iillii.
ROME. -GA.. EEIDAI MOMIIg ( JiOyEpEK 21, 1851.
. TUB ROMK < OUIltKK
rtBLlSH FRIDAY .MOKNKJ
BY J. KHOWlTEMt 0,
^teTms.
Two.Dat.LAns per annum, it nnld in advance;
Two Dollars ami Fifty bams If fluid wltliln six
months J or Thraa Dollars at the end of the year.
, natoe of Atlverilaisiff.
bgOAL A»yn»TW»»*!*« will be inserted with
strict Attention to ike requirements of the law, nt
ttao following rates i ~
.Pour Months Notice, ?9
Notloe to Debtors and Creditors, - • *> 20
Sale ol Personal Property, by Exeeu-) 3 a6
tors, Administrators, 4so. 5
Sales or Land or Negroes, 80 days, t 5 u0
per square, ■ > . ■.
Letters of Citation,. : * 2 15
Notion Tor Letters of Dismission. • ' 4 50
Candidates announcing their names, will be
charged #5 00, which will bo required in advance.
Husbands advertising their wives, will bo charged
85 00; which most alwnys bo paid In advance.
All other.advertisements will be inserted at One
Dollar per square, of twelve lines or less, Tor the
Hrat, and Fifty Cents, for oaoli subsequent Inser
,l0 Llberal deductions will be made in favor ofthoso
who ndvertlse bv the vear.
BBSIXBSS GARBS.
B. W. ROSS,
DENTIST..
Home, Georgia Office over N. J. Omberg's
Clothing Store
January 16,1851.
FRANCIS H. ALLEN,
WHOLESALE AMD- RETAIL
Healer in Staple and Funcy
DRY GOODS AND GROGDRIES.
(fr. Receives new goods every week. -4$
Roine.Gn., January 2. 1851.
LIN & BRANTl,Y.
WARE HOUSE, COMMISSION St PRODUCE
ME HC HANTS,
Atlanta, Ga.
(jj.Liberal advances mado on any article
Id Store.
NOV.S8,1850. lv
A. D. KHO & CO.
COTTO V GIN MANUFACTURERS
- Rome, Georgia.
May 0. 1550.
ALEXANDER & 4M.1IBLI,.
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
ROME GA.
Hot. S3. 1850. lv-
H.AAS njaoaUAS. H oii»ac.« r iiauiltos.
II Si (IA ft ORMAN,
Factors & Commission Merchants,
SAVANNAH, GEORGIA
Oct. 3, ISftO, l
OUtaLSS * HAMILTON. H THOMAS rtlRDEM.N
lltUOBHAN * HAMIliT'ON,
Warehouse & Commission Merchants,
MAC ON, GEORGIA.
Oct. 3, 1550. i !2m.
»» A T T O N Si 1* A T T O N ,
attorneys at law,
Rome, Geoigia.
■ WILT* Practice In aU ilie Countlesof the Cheto*
■Cd Circuit 48 Sept. 5, i860.
'tis X. FiTTOX* J. F. PATTON.
DANIEL S. PBINTUP
Agat for the Southern Mutual Insurance
Company at Rome, Ga.
INSOHE3 agaln.t toss by FIRE; nlso, LIVES of
treont and Servants.
CHECKS »nCharleston and New York, for sale
DANIEL S. PRINTUP,
Ariritlor the Bank of the Stnte ofSn. Ca
Oct. 10. l35o,
J. ID. DICItfSK SON*
DRUGGIST—ROME. GEORGIA,
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN
.DRUGS, MEDICINES, PAINT.S, OILS, DYE*
* STUFFS, PERFUMERY,- &c. -
October 10, 1850 Brand Street. ’
COULTER S COLLIER.
AWQXINKYS AT LAW,
Rome, Georgia.
F«b. 3.185t.
LANIER HOUSE,
BY
LANIER k SON.
BATHING ROOMS ATTACHED.
5facon- Go. October 2,1851.
VTM 11- UNDKRW00D& J. W- II. UNDERWOOD.
WILL PRAC I ICE LAW
TN i>ll tiie Counties of the Cherokee Circuit,^(ox
L ccpt Dide). They will both pervoun.lly attend nil
tho Courts. J. \V, H. UNDERWOOD will attend
the Courts of Jackson uml Hnhar&lintn enmities of t he
Western Circuit. Both will nttfrnd tho sennions of the
SUPREME COURT at Cnssvilie nnd Gainesville.—
All business ’iitrusted to t|iem will be promptly and
faithfully attended to.
OFFICE next door to Hooper & Mitchell, ‘‘Buena
Vlata House,*’ Rome, Gn., at which place oue or both
• wiltalways bo found, except iibsent on profession
business.
Jan .23 J85|
Atlanta Machine Works
(Lute Atlanta Iron Fnundery,)
T HIS new CO.MPANX is now prepared to dt
i work on short notion, ol heavy and light Cast.
Ings from the latest improved potterna of Iron, Dross
or CompojtjtiWPWI of which.will he warranted —
■ Turning, Boring and Drilling done to order, Also,
screwcutting of 10-feet or under, ol any sized thread
required. Heavy and light forging of wrought Iron
or Steel dons In superior stylo.
pArtioulak. ATTENTION
Is called re their patterns for Mill Gearing, for Mer
chant and Cu-dorn Flooring and Saw Mills,.
Glaring of nil the usual sizes, and Bark Mills
' waysltept on hand. Wo hre nlso prepared to bt
stationary. Engines npun the latest improvements
of which will be sold low for cosh. Copper
Hrqsa r *IW in exchange for work at cash prices.
A. LEYDEN,
“*• JAMES L. DUNNING,
trio,, John McDonough.
HUM WILLIAM RUSHTON
inanvpre prnpti
Gin
nil
build
all
and
(Concluded from'last week's paper.)'
Executive Department, ■ .)
Milledgevillc, November 3, 1851. 5
Fellow Citizens—Of the Senate and House
of liepresentfltives t
Under a Joint Resolution of the last Gen
eral Assembly', ns also the preceding otto, it
was made my duty to appoint a Committee
to' inquire into the State of Education in
Georgia, to report to Abe next Legislature nn
(he present Poor School luws, to recommend
any alteration in the same that might to (hem
seem advisable, or to suggest a plan for gen
eral education, if conceived by them expedi
ent, accompanied .with n Hill for carrying out
the same.- Under the first Resolution, adop
ted in 1847, the Hon. A. H Chappell, Bish
op Elliot, and Dt. Leonidas B. Mercer, were
appointed a Committee. They tailed, how
ever, to report to the last Legislature.
It is proper I nlso should stale, that a part
of the Committee, ns came to my knowledge,
bestowed considerable luborin collecting ma
te; ials preparatory to the Report. A regret
whs felt, and by none mure than myself, that
a report from these gentlemen, so favorably
and generally known, was not made. The
Inst Legislature substantially adopted the
Resolution of the preceding one, containing
the same highly objectionnblo feature requir
ing ine to appoint a committee to prepare a
report upon this subject to the Legislature,
“ provided the same could be done without
cost to the State, or cost upon the School
fund.”
During the early part of the last year, nn
opportunity tvns offered lor consultation with
an eminent citizen, who, from education,
f tursuits and practical experience, was well
nfoimcd of the wants of the country in ref
erence to the subject, and who kindly assur
ed me of his willingness to serve the public
in this respect, if upon reflection he should
become satisfied tlmt ho could do so with sut-
isfuctiop to himself or with bcnelit to others
IVilhii, the last forty days, the Rev. George
F. Pierce, the gentleman referred to, through
a friend, notified tiie of his reudiness to en
gage in this arduous duty, Dr. Tulmnge,
Piesident of the Oglethorpe University, and
Dr. L. B. Mercer, of Lee, were associated
with him, from each of whom the gratifying
assurance lias been reccivod, of their ready
co-operation. From the report of this Com
mittee, which may be expected at an early
day, valunble information mid suggestions de
serving the consideration of the Legislature,
tuny he confidently anticipated.
I consider, from the high character, lite
rary attainments and zeal, mid general knowl
edge of the wants of Iho State, which these
gentlemen will bring to the task of preparing
a Report on the subjects embraced in the
Resolution, the country has a guaranty of its
ability and practical utility, ll is contempla
ted by the terms of the Resolution, that the
report will be made directly to the Legisla
ture, by the Committee.
Upon litis important subject, of universal
interest, 1 have,'in the discussion of other
questions, incidentally referred to some of
the considerations that may arise in this —
One or two additional suggestions only, will
bo offered ut this time.
Judging fiom the detnohslrutitms made
during the pnst summer,'in behalf of Educa
tion, it may be assumed, that a large propor.
lion of the intelligence of the,State is in fa
vor of abolishing the present system, (if it
cun so be regarded,j of educating the poor,
and adopting free schools, common to all, in
its stead A system of common schools, I
doubt not, nitty he established, adapted to-the
wants of our people; hut to plant and rear
so delicate u hud, end at the same timo, of
such incalculable importance to the future
character of the State, requires the fosterin.
hand of the Legislature.
The arguments in favor of Common Scools,
to ivy mind, are clear arid unanswerable. hut
obvious propriety will not allow me to notice
hut one or two.
Equality in the distribution of benefits by
(lie State to its people, is a cardinal principle
of Justice. When this principle is observed,
you produce amity, concord and friendship:
when disregarded, the consequence is heart
burnings, discontent and opposition. Success
in this noble work of educating the youth of
the State, and thereby preparing them, in
some measure at least, lot future usefulness
to themselves, their families, and their coun
try, is the business of all classes and condi
tions, conjointly nnd harmoniously co-opera
ting lo bring about one general result
There is in the human heart, a feeling of
approbation and security in systems of edu
cation, as well as others, that are based upon
equal rights; while the opposite feeling of
ropugnance and mistrust, springs up for that
munificence that degrades the objects ofils
care, by odious distinctions. The poor par
ent may desire to see his child educated, and
feel himself unable lo furnish the means, but
lie does not wish to be pointed at as an im
provident father, who, from folly or crime, is
unable to discharge this duty to his child;
and again the generous, high-souled youth
would sooner grope his .way in ignorance
through life, than to enter the school room to
be taunted and jeered by his fellows as a
charity scholar. False as may he deemed
this pride, it is a part of the nature of man,
arid if it is the design of your policy to bo
useful, your education must be general, and
every difficulty removed, as far ns possible, to
the consummation of this object. You must
invite, encourage and induce parents tu dis
charge their duty to tlieir children, in this
respect You cannot, and ought not to force
them. But all disgrace, real or imaginary,
all inequality between the rich and the poor,
is swept away the moment your system of
education is common to all.
A commendable emulation is excited, a
closer communion produced, ties of friendship
created, und a broader field is opened for the
full exel-cise of the manly feelings, which, if
not plnnted in youth, never lake root, by the
rich and the poor mingling together, and de?
riving instruction from the same source. But
conclusive as I believe the arguments to be,
in favor of Common Schools over the system
“ J “ “ r, provided by tbo act of
pacity of the State to furnish adequate means
for a systoni of Common Schools.
What are the resources of tho State, and
by what means is the required sum to he
raised, for tho object undqr considers 1 Ion ?
This is the great question, ond upon the cor
rectness of your decision in this regard, hangs
tho destiny of this measure. ■ i . .
■ The Bunk-Stock, the Income from which
its, under the law of 184.3, applied to educat
ing the poor, is .au appropriate fund ta.be«op-
plied to this object, whenever the' State pro
vides for the holders of bonds of the Central
Bank. The next source of permanent In
come for this object, should be tjie net in
come from the Western and Atlantic Rail
Road, after the present liens, and such as
may be necessury to iurur for its immediate
equipment nnd repairs, have been redeemed ;
and' the deficiency, if any, should be supplied
by a per capita tax.
From these three sources, it is believed,
adequate means for the must enlarged useful
ness might be obtained, if not presently, nt
no distant day. In tho mean lime, while the
Rail Hoad is engaged in discharging its lia
bilities, let the income from the Bank Stock,
and the poll-tax be applied to the preparation
of teachers, selected from among our own
young ladios and gentlemen, and educated nt
our own schools and colleges. The leading
Christian denominations in our State have,
within a few years past, founded colleges,
nnd are annually returning to society highly
cultivated and moral young men, eminently
qualified to tnk'lhe lend in thisgreat work,
Besides these Denominational Colleges, there
is the University of the Stale ; what may it
not aocnmplisb in the preparing and qualify
ing ofyoung men to engage in this'imporlaul
service.
Encourage these several Colleges, by se
lecting in some equitnble mode, such young
men as are willing, lor a period of years, tu
engage iu the duties of teaching, to indemni
fy you for the money expended in educating
them, end you have a guaranty of securing
a corps of teachers, thus organized, of greater
usefulness to the country, than by any other
plan that has suggested itself lo my mind.
But if this plan he nut acceptable, let a
better one he adopted. It has occurred to
me, that providing the necessary means nnd
securing competent teachers, unexceptiona
ble iu nil rospecls, would be the greatest dif
ficulties to overcome. For immediate use,
no income .need he expected from the Rail
Road. The deficiency from that source, if
it should be deemed advisable to commence
the s» stem nt once, might be supplied by tax
ation, or by the State issuing bonds, the in
terest acciuing thereon only, to be paid by
the State, which should he an ultimate charge
upon the receipts of the Western & Atlantic
Rail Road. This, I should consider, howev
er, obnoxious lo tome objections, and there
fore do not press it; but wou'd with great
deferenco, advise the assessment of a poll tax,
which, with the income from Bank Stock,
should be applied, first, to the qualification
of teachers ; hut if it is believed a sufficient
number could be engaged qualified, not mere
ly from literary attainments, but from asso
ciation, principle, nnd sympathy with the
people of Georgia, the experiment might well
be made, and its beneficial results tested,
from the sources of income alluded to-—
Should, however, the poll tax and Bank
Stock not furnish a fund, commensurate with
(he high claims nf education upon the Legis
lature, lot tho deficiency bo supplied by an
open and undisguised requisition upon the
property of the Slate.
It it is the wish of property holders, to see
the blessings of education extended to all
classes nnd conditions of our people, they
will yield to the necessity that demands the
means; but if they do not, the hope of suc
cess must be deferred to a more favorable
season. But, whatever mny he the fate of
your efforts to mature a system of common
schools at this lime, 1 cannot too earnestly
urge upon you the impurtnnee of pledging
the Western & Atlantic Rail Road, with its
net income after discharging its liabilities, to
the great object, in which nil are interested,
of cmritnon schools. Should the system re
commended or any other, receive the favora
ble consideration of the Legislature at this
time, however limited the means may ho at
yout command, you, must have a head—an
able and responsible Agent or Superintend
ent, whose duty it shall he to see to the faith
ful execution of your own plans; or your
brightest hopes will end in disappointment
Copies of the repoits of the Commission
ers of the' Deaf nnd Dumb Asylum, and nf
the Trustees of the Lunatic Asylum, are
herewith transmitted. These several reports
aro commended lo the careful consideration
of the Legislature, as containing highly sat
isfactory evidence of the fidelity with which
these Institutions have been managed, and
the corresponding improvement and benefit
derived by those alllicted and unfortunate
classes of our people. These benevolent in
stitutions were founded in the warm sympa
thy all should feel for the afflictions and suf
ferings of others, and the necessity of pro
tecting the community trom the possitile vio
lence and annoyance of unfortunate brings,
deprived of renson.
Erich of these Institutions should receive
the. fostering care.of the Legislature; and I
would loudly hope that nothing will lie left
undone to extend the sphere if their useful
ness, that alt necessary meaiis will he nro'vi
ded, for enlarging the comfort of the Luna,
tics, and increasing the urohabilities of their
restoration, nnd for ginddening the hearts ol
the Deaf and Dumb by unveiling to their un
derstandings the treasures of knowledge, and
pointing out to them'the path of a virtuous,
industrious, and tisoluj lile. These are sol
emn trusts, confided lo your care, and cannot
fail to command your a'tention and cordial
support. The probable amounts required
for Hie support of each Asylum, Jvilfbu lound
in the respective reports
All oIRirts to adjust- the question of boun
dary between this State and Florida, by re
ference or negotiation, have failed. At the
instance of ihe latter State, n hill has been
filedj andihe question is now pending before
... .. qted
tofore communicated tu former Legislatures
nnd printed, is transmitted. Believing it to
bo my duty to have the interest of tho State
protected, the Hon. J. M. Berrien was en
gaged, as the Attorney of the State, for that
purpose.
The Iasi Legislature appropriated $(000 to
erect a monument over Ine remains of the
Hoii. John Forsyth, which are filtered in the
Congressional burying gtouml of Washington
City, and directed'mo to cause the same to
be put up with suitable inscriptions, &c.
. Upon consultation with a member of Mr.
Forsyth’s family, It was deemed advisable
to suspend notion under the Resolution, nnd
refer the subject again to the Legislature.—
It would certainly be more congenial to the
feelings of Mr. Forsyth’s family and the
people of the State, that this testimonial of
regard should be erected on some conspicu
ous site in our Slate The illustrious Dead
was endeared to the people of Georgia by a
life devoted to their 'Interest-; end it appear
ed to me thnt there was a peculiar propriety
in confirming my action to what 1 am sure
must he the general wish of alt, that the
monument contemplated should lie erected
on the public grounds near the State House,
or nt some more eligible place,.and that such
addition be made to "the appropriation, ns
would accomplish the object in n style
worthy the character of the State and its dis
tinguished son.
At the same session, two hund-ed dollars
was appropriated to erect a Tombstone over
the remains of General Jared Irwin, former
Governor of this State. Upoh advising With
the surviying daughter of Governor Irwin, I
tvns induced to suspend tho execution ol the
law directing it to be done, and refer the
mailer to the Legislature fur such action as it
might deem worthy and proper to perpetuate
the memory of one who has rendered -valua
ble mitltnry and civil services to the State.
Under the authority of an act of the Iasi
General Assembly, tho unsurveyed lands in
the countv of Ware, were directed to he sur
veyed and sold. One hundred nnd seventy
lots have been surveyed, and ndvertised for
sale on the first Tuesday of this month, at
the Court house of Ware county. A large
proportion of the Okefenokee Swamp re
mains unsurveyed, and from the report of
the Surveyor, engaged in this service, it
would be attended with vast expense to push
the survey further than hns been done, with
out much probability of the Stato ever be
ing reimbursed lor such an expenditure.—•
What disposition should be made of the un
surveyed lands in Wnre, consisting mostly, if
not entirely, of the Okefenokee Swamp, is
respectfully submitted to the Legislature.
By a recent decision of the Supreme
Court, a sale nf certain fractional lots of land,
authorized under the act of 1847, lying in
the territory disposed of under the Lottery
act of 1825, bus been declared void, upon
the ground, it is understood, that, the con
tract between the State and original purchas
ers of these fractions (at least in the case
that was decided t/ ) was impaired-by the sub
sequent sale under the act of 1817. This
decision hns not, I believe, been published,
nnd 1 have had no opportunity of seeing it,
hut if correctly stated above, provision should
be made by law, authorizing the Treasurer to
pay bnck to' the purchasers, the purchase
money and grant'fees received under the Act
of 1847.
Other lands declared forfeited by the act
of 1849, in the county of Ware, if not gran
ted by the first of October, 1850, would have
been offered for sale, nt the same time and
pluce, the newly surveyed lands were, but
for the apprehension that thn principle .et-
'lod by tiie Supreme Court in the decision
referred to, would apply to them also,
I found that many errors had taken place
in issuing grants fur fractions, and chiefly he-
cnusc no numerical hook had been provided
so that an entry could be. made in this De
partment when the grant passed ; hence, I
thought n necessity existed for huving pro
pared a book containing the fractional tots
of land throughout the State, arranged alpha
betically as tu counties, and similarly to 'lie
land latterly books in number. Such a hook
has been prepared with grant care and labor,
and supplies a vacuum' that has heretofore
existed iu our land books. This- labor hus
been performed by John T. Smith and Julius
M. Patton, for which a fair compensation
should be allowed them.
Brinkley Bi-hop, convicted of murder in
the county of Bibb, James Norris in Butts,
Jamos Johnson in Baldwin, and Garland D.
Cornett in Morgan, have been respited to
-December next ; Bishop to the 12tn, Nor
ris to the 5th, Johnson to the 26th, nnd Cor
nett to the 19th Copies of the evidence
upon which 'the several convictions were
founded, with the petitions in each case, are
respectfully transmitted to the Legislature.
I felt it my duty tu .withhold my approval
of too Acts of,the last General Assembly,
and two resolutions, which are transmitted
lotherespective.Hou.se of the Legislature,
in which, they orgfijated, with my objections
to each.
1 herewith transmit (he Resolutions of dif
ferent States, received since the adjournment
nf the Inst General Assembly, for the con
sideration of tho Legislature
By n joint resolution of the last General
Assembly, I was authorized to hnve the di
gest prepared by Thus. B. R. Cobb, Esq.,
of the Statute Laws of the State with a no
tice of the decision of the Supreme Coitrt on
each, nsf ar as practicable, thoroughly exam
ined by accompetont Committee, and if found
correct and faithful, to subscribe for a num
ber of copies not exceeding three thousand,
at a price riot to.exceed‘$4 per volume. Un
der the authority of this Resolution, Froiicir
H. Crihe,' Jqnius Hillyer, and Edward H
-Worrell, Esqrs , were appointed the Com
mittee, who,.after discharging the duties as
signed them, Reported most favorably of the
work; recommending the “ plrin as simple,,
plain aiid intelligible, presenting nil 1 laws un
der apprdprinte heads, so as to make them
readily.accessible, almost without the aid of
ah index! nod'fhaiiib'MSVllolt&tdxe'cutltirrt' of
the
filer.” a copy of which report- is transmit
ted.
Having entire confidence in the fidelity of
the roport, nnd being fully sensible of the
necessity of such a work, I did. not hesitate
to subscribe fur the full-nuiriber nf coqiies
aulhotizod under the resolution.
A copy of this worlc has been sent to''
me in two volumes, neatly bound, printed
with new typo on good paper; and Ichecrful-
lv ndd my testimony, ns fur as 1 Durable to
judge, to that of the committee, of tho fideli
ty with which It has been gotten tip, nnd its
utility with every class of our citizens. It
should be borne in riiind thnt this work wns
printed in Athens, Ga., nnd (o this extent
should be favorably regarded, as the money
paid for tho labor ut least, will remain in the
country. To ritpord becoming encourage
ment to this enterprise two thousand dollars
of the Stnto subscription was advanced out
of the Contingent Fund, to this object.
In the month of'April last, n vacancy oc
curred, by the resignation of Win. B. Tins
ley, in the office ofTreasurer of the Slate.—
Julius M. Patton, Esq., a former Secretary
of tho Executive Department, hiving resign
ed that office, was appointed by Executive
Order, Treasurer of the State, who, upon
giving bond and taking the oath of office, en
tered upqri the' f ischnrgn of his duty, and
Logan E. Bleckley wns appointed Secretary
of ine Executive Department.
Two vacancies in the office of Solicilor
General, one in the Flint, and the other in
the Southern' Circuit, have also occurred by
resignation ; and both have been filled by
Executive appointment'.* R. Ma'nson Stell,
Esq.', was appointed for the former ( ircuit,
and George W. Jordan, Esq., for the latter.
The Report nf the Principal Keeper of the
Penitentiary will be printed and laid before
the General Assembly at an early day, with
a. detailed statement of the business of the
same, for the last turn years, to which I res
pectfully refer you.
1 felt it my duty to recommend to the lost
General Assembly, the propriety of classify
ing nnd separating thn convicts within the
walls, according to the moral turpitude of
tho offence committed. Satisfied of ils im
portance in bringing ubout reformation, the
recommendation is renewed.
For the last two years, the expense of sub
sisting-tho'convicts has been largely increas
ed. Pork and Corn were scarce, und com
manded nearly, or quite 100 per ceni, on the
prices paid the proceeding two years. Inde
pendent of this consideration, the short sup
ply of tan-bark that could be obtained after
the most diligent, hns reduced the income
from tanning jf leather, and manufacturing
shoes. Other supplies of material, suitable
to the wood-shops, were found scarce and
high. While the effects of these enusos
were sensibly felt, the difficulty of finding
sale fur the manufactured articles at remu
nerating prices, was also experienced, ren
dering the ‘wo kst years less productive of
profit than the two proceeding. The assets
reported in Ihe Book-Keeper’s Department,
show the ability ol tho Institution, if n fair
proportion is collected, to sustain itself for
the next, two years, without Legislative aid.
For Ihe last four years, no nid whatever has
been recoived from the Stale Treasury ; in
view of which, n claim of the Penitentiary
against the State, amounting to $4,753 03. 1
would recommend to be priid. By reference
to the items olthis account, the justice, of
the claim cannot be reasonably denied as a
legitimate charge upon the Treasury.
1 At the last session, an unsuccessful effort
was mnde, to apply a part of the convict la
bor to the manufacture of freight, and other
Cars for the use of the State Road. The fa
cilities afforded by the completion of Ihe Mil*
ledgeville and Gordon Kail Rond, to trans
port Oars from the Penitentiary to the Slate
Hood, renders this subject worthy of your
consideration. The demand for Rail Road
Cars will exist as long os the different Rail
Roads of the Stale are worked, and llio.pro-
liability of nn over supply is not so great as
to disriourage the undertaking. So far os the
Stnte Road is concerned, it may be well con
sidered as a proper application of convict la
bor.
In reference to the several acts of the Gen
eral Assembly, for tho organization and dis
cipline of the militia of the State, so much
has been communicated by my several prede
cessors and myself, nnd so little dune, that 1
reluctantly bring the subject to your notice,
Our present initilia system is one of tho few
in which any change might lo regarded an
improvement, and none seoms more demand
ed, thnn a totel repeal of nil laws on the sub
ject, that the Legislature limy be disencum
bered of tho rubbish, crowded into the Digests
by success'vo Legislatures amending, repeal
ing and reviving Acts and parts of Acts on
this subject.
It is believed, if your legislation was di
reeled to t|io organization if volunteer com
panies; and the adopting of a plan for ascer
taining witii accuracy the eflective force of
the State, each year, about the age of
18, nnd under 45 years, much more would be
accomplished, than is done undet the present
system.
The inducement to organize 'volunteer
companies, may be mnde sufficiently great to
afford a reasonable assurance, that one-third
of the State capable of bearing urms, would
at.all limes he found attached to volunteer
associations. Tho effect of this policy would
be, to have always rendy; an eflective force,
somewhat trained, nt least,-iu the use of
ariiis for any emergency,
Under the present plan, the only reliable
force to’meet any crisis, however great, are
the volunteer companies now organized. A
commendable spirit to-from volunteer asso
ciations, has manifested itself in ninny sec
tions of llie'Sfate, within'the last four years,
but tHeir ardor has been checked, from my
inability io furnish arms and equipmeuts.—
This I regard as a greatinisforlano. To the
strong arm and stout heart, of the citizen sol
dier, must we kiQk.for/protection in . peace
and in- war; rind in view <i£ a possible distur
bance, however, remote it may appear to
i,mny, of the amicable relations existing with
the States of the Coufede-**"
character, .does it not devolve upon the Leg
islature to provide nrins and. munitions to
equip at least one-third of the militia force
of iho Slate ? This subject addresses itself
with peculiar force to the Legislature at this
time,from the attitude assumed by the peo
ple in convention last December, that “ G eo-
gia woulO’and ought to resist, (even u a lat
resortj to a disruption of every tie which
b'mds her to the Union, any action of Con
gress upon thesubject of slavery in the Dis
trict of Columbia, or in places, subject to the
jurisdiction of Congress, incompatible with
the.safety, the rights and the honor of the
alaveholdingStates.” Will Georgia “take
no step backward?” Will the triumphant ma
jority that have ratified this sentiment, con
sent that they should not Ue provided with
arms nnd munitions of war, if need be, to en
able them to muintain this patriotic senti
ment ? Or will this wise and precautionary
meosure be postponed, under the persuasion
(hot the necessity contemplated by itie reso
lutions of the Convention,'will never arise!
II even this was certain, or the probabilities
far greoler than the his' ory of passing, events-
would justify us in believing, 1 submit it to
the sound judgment' of the Legislature, if the
adoption of the measure, here recommendW 1 ,
of arming the people, would not do more to
prevent usurpation of power by Congress in
this respect, than the adoption of. the Reso
lutions themselves. The Slate that arms its
citizens, and gives warning to the aggressor
to beware of the next blow, will be respected;
but sn ennuciatlon to the world! Unaccom
panied with any preparation to sustain it,
would rather accelerate, thnn arrest the ap
prehended aggression, which'. I am sure it
must be the wish of all to prevent', however
widely we may differ as to the moans best
calculated to effect that object.. .
These refiectio'ns are submitted! witfi no<
partisan spirit, with no design to irKtale, or
to recall the past. Thet is the appropriate
duly of the historian; my duly is todeal with
things as they exist, to earnestly urge Upon
your consideration whatever In my judgnieit
will conduce to the snfety r honor andihappi
ness of the ‘-'fate, irrespective of every con
sideration but fhe public;iveal.'
Huving brought to the attention oft ihe Le
gislature, such measures, as in my judgment 1 ,
should engage its attention, my duly is well
nigh ended. Ever tolerantAnd' respectful of
the opinions of others, 1 have never fiiiibdW
suitnblo occasions lo nvow my own, on nil
.questions, State or federal,of public concern
ment. < It has been nay constant object to ex
ercise my official duties as to maintain, per
petuate and.advance the honor, the rights,.li
berty and prosperity of I he people of G eor-
f ;ia; to impress upon the public mind the so-
etim obligation of observing good faith .in alii
things; to diffuse among nil classes the bles
sing of education; to siimulate the people to
increased industry by developing the vast re
sources of the Stale; to inspire alt with, a-fresh,
love of Country, Liberty and Equality..
These have been objects of my unremit
ting solicitude. And if on this occasion, 1
abstain from adverting to some moosures con
nected witii these objects, which have so-
widely and d'oeply ngitated the public mind,
growing out of the late action of Congress' it
is not because the oplbion I have so often ex
pressed, have undergone a change, or of a
desire to.Conceal them, but hi deference- to>
ihe popular will',.nnd'my reluctance-to tbrow
any possible obstacle, or attempt to db-so, it*
the way of a full nnd entire restoration of fra-
•tornnl feelings end harmonious nctidn, among
the-pOople of the State,
Whatever destiny may await ue, wfieter
of prosperity or adversity we connot. too often
invoke the guidance 1 of that Infinite Being,
whose favor is power, whoso displeasure fir
weakness. GEO. W. TOWNS.
Small Matters InAgrumlture.
From rill sections do we hear tho cry of
short provision crops, and theie is an alarm
ing truth in tho ery who can doubt when he
steps into n provision store of one of out
cities and learns that bacon-sides are fifteen
cents per pound, cord one dollar per bushel,
and all other eatables in proportion.? Why
is this? The drought, no doubt, has much
to 1 do with it, but it is not enterely owing to
the drought. Our farmers Bad planters have
not given sufficient attention to the smalt
mallets of agriculture; Who cares for corn,
potatoes, peas, and the thousand little garden
luxuries, that all may have, when the great
staple commands good prices ?- But, alas I
the great staple is down, and-the small mat
ters are up. If the apostle- meant 1 what he
said, when he declared that those who pro
vided not for their own’household were worse
than infidels, we fear our people are in a bad
plight. “ Despite not small things,” says
inspiration—but how few heed it We talk
of our three million bags of'cotton, as though
it w as the lever of the world , let us talk
more of the humbler crops.
Who has planted the gouber and the cow
pea—who has fine fields of potatoes; who is
well slocked with carrots,.rutabagas and^^ tur
nips ; whose corncrib is full; who is well
supplied with dried fruit for the year; who
has a supply of herbs for medicinal and savo
ry purposes; and, in short, who have any of
the comforts of life around them that they do
not expect to pay for from the proceeds of
cotton, at its present low prices ? Again we
say -‘Despise not small things.” Were there
f oaber peas in abundance, bacon would not
ring fifteen cents per pound. Were the
root crops properly nltsnded to, fat heel' and
mutton aright grace our tables. Were froits
cultivated, preserved rind dried, a healthful
and nourishing condmien, might accompany
our bacon and greens through the winter. .;
Were the herbs cultivated and saved, dimes
and dollars would remain at home, that now
swell the Shakers’ purses; and were the in
numerable multitude of small matters p«i
perly attended to, that grow almost sponti
rieously here, millions of dollars would
al'hume to build colleges and schoo* *•“
that now aro scattered over the wo
our people feeling and
pendence, would then it