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PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY COBURN A DWINELL EDITORS.
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TEBKT8—$2 00 PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.
VOLUME 10.
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ROME, GA., TUESDAY MORNING,
FEBRUARY 20, 1855.
: . NUMBER IT
€l)c Uomc Courier
PUBUSnCD EVRRY TCRSDAT
'»r»r^w»c«jC]
BY COBURN <fc DWINELL.
Terms of SabecripUca;
m o*w,.....
Paid wmmt six montm, . *...
Paid at tui ss» or m«, .. „
$2 00
$2 60
$300
of Advertising:
AdvertlaraMute will W inserted
at'tkc usual ntw. MMIuwoi Advertise
ments at St per square of 12 lines or less, for the
first tad 60 cents Mr each subsequent insertion.
; Ko.C.
B. a. FARRHLL‘8 ARABIAN UNI-
TRIUMPHANT OVER DISEASES.
TV;s truly |<MtodK«iM«tin goes on, con
quering disestf*, and snatching many a poor
powerlew victim from the (rare. By its pow
erfully stimulating, penetrating and anodyne
t diseases of the joints with
—rprisiag rapidity. For rheumatism, and af-
ftedom of the spine andl spleen, it has proved
liver and 1 kidneys, it is a Most valoablo and
pownfel auxiliary; also, for oil diseases of-the
glands, aerofoil goitre or spelled neck, etc.,
ote. And indeed for almost any disease an ex
ternal application is required, this medicine
stands unparalleled. Sprains, bruises, cramps,
monads, chDhbuBS, horns, eta, are speedily
reradhy it
HsadeAs.Pdrr Mcstard, one of the oldest
* - ntlfcn ta Ittinai*.
It gives me pleasare to add my testimony to'
the virtas of yonr great medicine. One of my
Wooded homes had a smiling'over the cap of
the knee, about the size of n hen's egg. Some
aaMitwas«^min, aad amno^ that it was the
Joint water from the knee, and could not bo
esni I triad oil eedsr on it, nad att the lini
meats and ointments, and they did no mor-
goodtima water. X then, lyr persuasion of me
hiesdr, tried H- G. FhrreU’s Arabian Iinimcnty
and I was happy, to And R take effect after a few
dqaasiitfoilytaKd the noble animal en-
terely. It Is decidedly the greaU«t liniment
for horse's, ps wdl as human flesh,I ever knew.
Trememt, fsmeS eo. liL March 16tk, 184$,
PALSY OR PARALYSIS.
Tbadens Smith, of Mud Qreek, Tazwcll coun
ty, Illinois, says: “I had lost the use of my
am far more than a year, by palsy or paralysis;
the Serb had entirely Withered away, tearing
nothing hot skin, mosele and bone. I tried all
"the best doctors, and all the remedies I could
hear of, hntthpy did no good. I then com
menced the nee of Farrells Arabian Liniment,
-and a f:w bottles entirely cored me, and my
arm is now as strong and fleshy as the other;
it is aim first rate for boras, sprains and braises
Zcoi out for Counterfeit*!
MIc are cautioned against anothe
/which has lately- made Its appearr
I called W. B. Farrell's Arabian Liniment;
the most dangerous cf all the counterfeits, be
cause hia having the name of Farrell, many
will buy it in good faith, without the know!
edge the: a roan terfeit exists, and they will per
haps «ly discover their error when the spun
«a mixture has wrought its evil effects.
The genuine article is manafaetered only by
3L G. Farrell, sede inventor and proprietor, and
•wholesale dra ggist; Na. 17 Slain street, Peoria,
TBiaeis,. to whom all applications foe Agencies
must be addressed. Be sore yon get it with
the letters H. G. before Farrell's, thus—DL G.
FARRELL’S—and his signature on the wrap
per. all others are counterfeits.
Sold by Kendrick A Pledger, Melville
G. B. If. Mattox, ML Hickory
C. Brown, Coosa P. O.
Branner A Moyers, Summerville
Robert Bsttey, Wholesale Agent, Rome
aad by regularly authorized agents throughout
the United States. v-i-r-fec-'- -
%£T Price 2 5 and 50 cents, and $1 per bottle.
AGENTS WANTED in every town, village
and hamlet in the United States, ia which one
1* not already established. Address H. G. Far-
xell as above, accompanied with good reference
is to character,responsibaitj, Ac.
From the Knickerbocker Moyas***.
“BROTHER, TAKE MY ARM."
When grief is heavy oh feoe,-
Or Dismal fears kterov
Then, brother. Inn npon me—
My brother, take my arm.
There’s many a load of trouble
yhat takoth taro to bear.
Where one wonl 1 bend quite double
Beneath the heavy caro.
If malice, in its rancor,
Ha* sought fey mortal ham,
My shoulder be thinvasekpr—
My brother, take my ana.
Though all, in time of trial,
May torn their eyes away,
Nay. brother, no denial,
My arm shall be fey stay.
If grief were mine to-morrow,
A grief feat naught could charm,
Fd cry, in all my sorrow,
M 0 brother, give thine arm l”
Aye! let me feel another »
Will weep wife me in woe;
A brother, yea, a bother,
May all who sorrow know!
Taos. Me Exlmcr.
_ P. M. EDDLEMAN & BRO.
fotfjgfrt*- Aflafita, Georgia. „
Keep constantly on hand and for sale, at
the lowest cash prices, a large assortment of
BOOTS, SHOES, LEATHER, LASTS.
PEGS. CALF LINING and BINDINGSKINS
-SHOE-MAKER’S TOOLS, Ac. Ac.
% 1S55, ly_
J. M TOMLINSON,
■pXiADT, House Sign, Coach, Passenger Cars
X Fresco, Ornamental and Decorative Painter
Alto manufacturer of Gilt Glass Door Plates
Window Sign?, Numbers for Public Houses
AJburcbe* and > • rest MsntbflHL
Opposite Jacob Haas A Co. White Hall Street
Atlanta, Ga. Jan 9.1855 ly.
T. R. RIPLEY,
ATLANTA, GA. >
in China, Crockery, and Glass
Lamps of all kinds; Oils, Ci
, aad Alcohol by fee bl>L Terms
Jaaff, 1855 ly
—
E. SWIFT,
GENERAL AUCTION
AND - , .
COMMISSION MERCHANT,
FOOT OP WHITE HALL STREET,
i ATLANTA GEORGIA.
Reference*
urn it:; t.y a ncarr, Atlanta, Georgia.
1ms. “ •*
3. H Wjt
t CO., Charleston. 8. C.
t, Nashville. T«*no.
r. Savannah, Georgia.
: a paxkjko. Augusta "*
. New Orleans.
3m
r
» >*
ATLANTA
MB WORKS. '
(r.ATE ATLANTA IRON FODWDBV.)
mHIS new Company isnotv prepar z^.^
I ed to do work on.short notice,of JLXf
X heavy and light Castings from pJ
the latest improved patterns of Iron, Brass
or Composition, all of which will bo warran
ted. Turning, Borings and Drilling done to
order. Also, screw cutting of 10 feet or tin
der of any size and thread required. Heavy
and light forging of wrought Iron or Steel
done in superior style.
PARTICULAR ATTENTION i/rcalled to
their patterns for Mill Gearing.for Merchant
and Custom Flouring, and Saw Mills, Gin
Gearing of all the usual sizes, and Bark
Mills always kept on hand. We are also
prepared to build stationary Engines upon
the latest improvements. All of which will
be soid low for cash. Copper and Brass
taken in exchange for work at cash prices
JAMES L. DUNNING,
john McDonough,
WILLIAM RUSHTON.
P. S. AH of the above company are prac
tical Mechanics, and give their individual
attention to the business. jan. 9, ’55.
Terrible Retribution.
A stort or A Pitrnm nod.
About fifty years ago. In the western part of
fee State of New York, livbd a lonely widow,
named Mother. Her husband had been dead
many.years; her only daughter was grown up
and married. Urine at fee distance of a mile or
two from fee family mansion.
And fens fee old lady lived alone In her bonse
by day and night Yet in her conscious inno
cence and trust in Providence, she felt safe
and cheerful, and at eventide lay down and
slept sweetly.
One morning however, , she awoke .wife an
extraordinary and unwonted doom upon her
mind, which was Impressed with fee apprehen
sion feat something strance was shout to hap
pen to her or hers. So foil was she of that
thought that she eonld not stay at home that
day. but must go abroad to give vent to it by
unbosoming herself In her friends, especially to
her daughter. Wife her she spent the greater
part of tho day : and to her she several times
.repeated the recital of her apprehensions. The
daughter as often repeated her assurance that
fee good mother had never donejnjury to ank
person, and added, lean not think anyone would
hurt yon, for yon have not an enemy in the
world.
As fee day was declining, Mrs. Mosher sought
her home, butexnressed the same feeling as she
left her daughter’^ honse.
On fee way home she called on a neighbor,
who lived In the last honse.before she lynched
her own.. Here she*again made known her con
tinued apprehensions, which had nearly ripen
ed into fear, and from tho lady of the mansion
she received answers similar to those of her
daughter. Yon have harmed no ony in yorit
whole lifetime, rarely no one will disturb or
molest yon. Go homg. in quiet, and Rover
sbaUgo wtth yon. Here, Rover, shesaid to a
stout watch dog. that 'J*v on the floor, here.
Rover, go home wife Mrs. Mosher, and take
care of her.
Roved did as be was told : the widow went
home, milked her eow^ took care ofererything
out of doors, and wqht to bed as usual. Rover
never left for an insant. When she was fairly
in bed he laid himself npon fee ontside of fee
bed: and as fee widow relied on bis fidelity,
and perhaps chid herself for needless fear, she
fell asleep. Sometime in fee night she awoke
being startled, probably, by a slight noise out
side fee house. It was so slight, however, that
she was not aware of being startled at all, hnt
heard, as soon as she awoke, a sound like the
raising of a window neareher bed. which was in
a room on fee ground floor.. The dog neither
moved nor harked. Next, there was another
sound, as if there was someone in fee room and
stepped cautiously on the floor. The woman
saw nothing: but now, for the first time, felt the
dog move, as he made a violent spring from the
bed : and at the same instant something fell on
fee floor, sounding like a heavy log. Then fol
lowed other n rises, like the pawing of fee dog’s
feet, but soon all was still, and fee dog resum
ed his place on fee bed, wifeont-having barked
or growled at nil.
This time fee widow did not go to sleep im
mediately. but lay awake, wondering, yet not
deeming it best to get up. But at last she fell
asleep, and when she awake fee ran was shining.
She hastily stepped ontof bed, and there lay
the body of a man extended on fee floor, with a
large knife in his band which was now extend
ed. The dog had seized him by the throat with
fee grasp ef death; and neither man or dog
could utter a sound till all was over. The man
was fee widow's,son.in-1aw, the hnsband of her
only daughter. He coveted her little store of
wealth, her bouse; her cattle and her land. And
instigated by this sordid impatience, be could
not wait fur fee decay of nature to give her
property to him and bis, as fee only heirs ap
parent, but made his stealtny visit to do a deed
of darkness in fee gloom of the night A fear
ful retribution awaited for him. The widow’s
apprehensions communicated to her mind hnd
impressed npon her nerves hy what nnsoen
.power we know not; fee sympathy of fee other
woman wholoaned the dog, and the silent hnt
certain watch of fee doghimself, formed a chain
of events which brought fee murder's blood up
on his own bead,-mod which are difficult to- be
explained, .wifeont reference to that Providence
or overruling power which numbers fee hairs
upon our heads, watches fee sparrows foil, and
''shapes onr ends, rough hue them as we will.”
This is one of Uncle Toby’s stories; and is
derived to us, as to all its facts, f-om a most
respectable Quaker family, wbope voracity we
cannot doubt.
Bad Advice.—John Mitchell has had the
bad taste to give the following advice to tbo
military companies composed of foreigners, re
cently disbanded in Massachusetts. We can
scarcely wonder at fee extremes to which hos
tility to foreigners is Carried, when one of their
number has the temerity feus to speak.
"For every musket given in the State Armo
ry, let three be purchased forthwith; let inde
pendent companies be formed, thrice as numer
ous as fee disbanded corps—there are no Arms
Acts here yet—end let every 'foreigner' be
drilled and trained and have bis arms always
ready; For yon may> be very sure, (having
some experience in feat matter,) feat those who
begin by disarming yon, mean to do yon mis
chief.
Be carelbl not to truckle in fee smallest par
ticular to American prejudices. Yield not a
single jot of your own; for yon bare as good
a right to your prejndices as they. Do not by
any means, snffer fee Gardner's Bible (the Pro
testant Bible) to be fernst down yonr throats.
Do not abandon your post, or renounce yonr
functions, as citizens or os soldiers, but after re
sort to fee last and highest tribunal of fee law
open to you; keep fee peace; attempt no 'de
monstrations;’ dlsconragedronkennersand stand
te /onr arms.—Sav. Rep.
Ohio Deraoi aey -Slavery.
“Resolved, That fee people of Ohio now, as
.they have always done, look opon slavery as an
evil; and unfavorable to fee development of fee
spirit and practical benefits of free institutions;
and that entertaining these senfenensft, they
will at all times feel it feeir duty to use ali pow
er clearly given by the terms of fee national
compact to prevent its increase, to mitigate,
and finally to eradicate the evil."
The above, says the Mobile Advertiser, is a
vtntion of olilo, rampart of tts^^ political pro
gramme. It exhibits the exceeding tore for
the South end her inetitutlons cherished by the
Democracy of the Buckeyo State. We com
mend its perusal to those partisan editors who
never can discover tbo slightest tincture of abo- j
lition in their own party, but see it spreading,
over and tainting all other parties to fee core. |
“Mr. Editor : — Please inform me whethor it
U an established fulo in all wars for the weaker
party to defray fee exDenscs of the war on both
rides, irrespective of the question at issue.
. Eetpeotfully,
It is difficult to say what fee "establishad
rule” of war is, wtth reference to the point sug
gested by our correspondent, so much is might
synonymous with right, when natious are drawn
np against each other in hostile array. Wo
might safely answer our correspondent’s query
in the negative, and say nothing more; but of
coarse this would not be satisfactory. Accor
ding to Yattel, B. Iff. eh. IX. see. * 161, "when
ever wo have an opportunity, wo seise On the
enemy’s property, and convert it to our own
nse : and feus, besides diminishing the enemy’s
power, we augment onr own, and obtain at least
a partial indemnification or equivalent, either
for what constitutes the subject of the war, or
for the expenses and'losses incurred in its prose
cution. In 'a word, we do ourselves justice.”
And again, the same author speaking of ac
quisitions by war, and particularly of conquests,
says: "An equitable conqueror, deaf to the sug
gestions of ambition and avarice, will make a
just estimate of what is due him—thntis to say,
‘of the thing which has been the subject of the
war. (if the thing itself is no longer recovera
ble,) and of the damages and expenses of the
war, and teill retain no more of the enemy’s
property than tchat is precisely sufficient to fur-
nishjhe equivalent."—Yattel, B. III. eh. XIII.
sec, 194
Hepe it will be seen that the law of nations
recognises fee right of tho conqueror to compel
the vanquished to pay damages,by way of prop
erty seized daring the progress of the war, of
territory acquired upon the restoration of peace.
And fee measures of those damages are the ex
penses of the war But it will be seen, also,
feat tho writer on natural law presupposes 'hat
fey stronger or conquering party is1n the right,
in the «tsw* belli. If, however, the stronger
party is in the wrong, and Abe weaker in the
right, fee former being the conqneror, Is not
allowed by the law of nations to compel the lat
ter. being the vanquished party, to pay the ex
penses of the war, though it might dictate its
own terms by the cannon’s mouth, and compel
the weaker party to. bear the cost of the war.—
This would be national robbery, or piracy, and
not an act having for its sanction the usages of
enlightened nations.
It was in accordance with the law ns laid
down by Yattel. that the United States in the
late war with Mexico, .claimed and exercised
the right to force that nation to part with a
portion of her territory by way of “indemnify
ing for tne past and security for fee future.” —
If America had jn9t cause of war with hor Wes
tern neighbor, this act was sanctioned hy the
law of nations. Otherwise it- was robhery.
In fee war of fee Revolution, and fee-war of
1812, between this country and Great Britinn,
that kingdom was quoad the points at iss»e. fee
weaker power, for she failed in her attempts, in
one instance, to reduce fee colonies! and in the
other to maintain that supremacy upon the sens
which gave her the right of search and 'the
right of impressing seamen from American ves
sels!, suspected to be bersnbfecta/ And though
she was a violator of fee nations, and the weaker
power as to the points at issue, still America bad
not sufficient strength to force her to pay fee
expenses of the wars. American System had
for iU basis the expenses incurred by America
during fee war of 1812. which Englrnd ought
justly to have paid,but which onr government
was too weak to force her to do. '
In fee wars of Bonaparte. England furnished
the money, while the other Allies furnished fee
men. England. Austria and Russia finally con-
qnered the Imperial Corsican, but France did
not pay the expenses of fee war, as fee British
debt will now testify.
In the preso-t European war. pence may be
made without its being decided which is fee
weaker, or the stronger power. Certainly, up
to this time, at least, ns to fee siege of Sebasto
pol, the Allies nre the weaker narty. Still Rus
sia will not think of forcing France and Eng
land* topay the expenses she has incurred in the
war.
The conclusion* of the whole matter is this—
feat when two nations have engaged in war*, fee
stronger will require the weaker party to pay a
part or all of fee expenses of feat war according
to its ability to dictate terms. This may be in
accordance with fee law of nation* or in viola
tion of that law, just as fee conqnering party is
compelled by force of circumstances to observe
them, or issnfficiently strong to set them at de
fiance.—Independent Press.
There was nn old decanter,
and iU mouth was gaping wide!
the rosy wine bad ebbed
away
and left
its crys
tal side ;
and the wind
went humming—
bumming,
up and
down tho
sides it flew
and through the
reed-1 ike
hollow nock
the wildest notes it
blew. I placed it in the
window where the blast was
blowing freo, and fancied that its
pale mouth sang tbo queorest strains to
me. "They tell me—puny conquercs! the
plague Jias slain his ten, and war his hundred
thousands of the very best of men ; but I
—” ’twos thus the bottle spake ; "bot I
hnvo conquered more than nil your fa
mous conquerors, so feared and fam
ed of yore. Then come, ye youths
• nnd mnidens ail, come drink from
'but my cup, tho boverage that
dulls tho brain and burns the
spirit np! that puts to shame
the conquerors that slay their
scores below, for he has
delug’d millions with tho
lava tide of woe. Though
in fee paths of bnttle,
darkest waves of blood
* may roll; yot while
I kill’d the body. I
have d’— d the very
, . soul. The cholera, tho
plague, fee sword, such
rnin never wronght, ns I, in
mirth or malice, on the innocent
have brought. And still I breathe upon
them, and they shrink before my breath: and year
by year thousands tread the dismal road to Death.'
ent King of course hie nephew. The Prince do
Joinville mnrrlcd his youngest sister. His Em
press is the half sister of fee King of Naples
and aunt to fee Queen of Spain. The Empe
ror, the lecturer remarked, is a fino looking
man, having fair complexion, blue eyes, and is
just sis feet four inches in height. Brasil is
bound to ndvanob. The foreign slave trade' Is
now abolished, and the question of domestic
servitude is not so complex aa with us; and
judging from the past, tho career of Brasil will
be onward and in striking contrast wife fee
vplcaaic Republic of Spanish America. - *
The Riser and his Bag of Geld.
Hawoja Yacoob was acouatomcd to sit by his
money-bag. wishing feat some great spirit
would endow it with the marvellous qualities of
Fnrtunatus’s purse. One night the voice of the
bulbul wns echoing louder than ever through
the desolate old castle, and the misers trembled
with anxiety and fear. Some how or other, he
nad a secret presentiment feat all was not right
—that some unseen evil hnng suspended over
bw bead iir fee air. "Drat fee bird!” quoth the-
miser. "Her hateful song draws silly people
forth from feeir houses,' even at this late hour,
till darkness and fee terror connected wife this
neighborhood are fast being overcome. Drat
fee bird!" -
"Aye, aye ! What's feat you say?” growled
a deep uninellodious voice close to the startled
miser’s ear. "Drat the bird, sir? Why, that
bird is our sovereign lady fee Queen of fee For
est"
The trembling old man eonld scarcely grasp
for breath, as clutching tightly wife both hands,-
his favorite sack of gold, he looked fearfully
over his shoulders, nnd saw a face and bond
without any body, floating in fee middle of the
room, with a pair of dreadfully ghastly-teoking
eyes storing at him foil in feo face.
"That’s my gold !” quoth the head, wife a
terrible oath.. Now, although fee miser was
ready jo faint away with fright, fee bear idea
of relinquishing his darling treasure brought
him to bis senses again; so he stoutly denied
that any one but himself had the ghost of a ti
tle to a farthing’s valae of what he possessed.
"Butljdo," said the head. “I lay claim to
all the gold in the world ; and, to prove to you
that I am correct, I’ll bot you feat there are fif
ty millions of billions of doubloons in that sack,
and a hundred million times as many more.”
"I take the bet," was fee miser’s reply, as
his heart leapt for joy again, so confident was
be of success.
Well it took him a long time to count before.
ha came to within fifty doubloons of what he
knew the sack ought to contain—how he only
wanted ten—now only five—now /tne, and still
fee sack was as cratnfol of doubloons as ever.
"There is some‘cheating here,” quoth the
miser, “I wont oount any more.”
"Yon dare stop, and see what I'll do to you,”
was the ogre's terrific reply.
And so fee wretched miser went on counting
and counting, and never came to fee bottom, of
that sack, through, heaven only knows, how
many dong years ; and*whenthe last crumbling
rains of his tenement fell in, people came to
graze their cattle in the neighborhood ; but the
shepherds eonld never bo induced to remain
there overnight, because they said fee noise of
people counting raon-y, and letting coins drop
and tingle again on tho old stones, was reatly
too awfol to listen to, especially if fee night
proved to be partfeuly dark and stormy.
Fatal Acoidbxt to Skaters.—A telegraph
ic despatch from Philadelphia states thnt on
Saturday si ternoon last, as large crowds wore
skating on tbe Schuylkill river above Fairmount,
the ico broke, and Mr. Earle S. Shinn, druggist
af the northeast corner of Broad and Spruce
streets, and a Miss Russell, his wife?* sister,
were drowned. Mr. S. was skating ‘and push
ing Miss Russell on a sled before bint, as is the
custom. A very largo number’ of persons saw
fee accident, but wore unable to render any
assistance. Mr. Shinn b»longed to one of the
Brazil.
We have heretofore briefly alluded to fee
very interesting and instructive lecture deliv
ered last Wednesday evening, at fee Smitbsos
ninn Institution, by the Rev. Mr. Fletcher, bnt
a friend having fnrnish'od'us with tbe subjoined
mqre extended notice, we have pleasure in
giving it an insertion: — Nat. Intel.
Rev. J. J. C. Fletcher, who has resided fora
number of years past at the capital of Brazil,
commenced bis lecture by exposing onr ignor
ance .of a Government so vast and one so-close-
ly allied to fee United States by the bonds of
commerce.
Brazil, after Russia. China, and onr own coun
try, is the largest continubns territory under
nhe Government. She has forty-five hundred
miles of Atlantic sea coast, and posses>e3 a fer
tility unsurpassed. Although Brazil is nearly
intertropicnl. yet, on account of the genera!
’elevation, the climate does not have (wife fee
exception of fee low, marshy, uninhabited re
gion of the Amazon,) the great extremes ko«wn
to the torrid tone in other portions of fee world.
In fee vicinity of Rio de Janeiro the delicious
climate, tbe thousands of flowers, tbe majestic
palms, fee rich and beauttfal fruits, and the
luxuriant tropic vegetation constantly recalled
Milton’s description of the fabled Hesperides,
where
" Eternal summer dwells.”
Mr. Fletcher also demonstrated, in his run
ning sketch of the history of Brazil, feat that
Empire is as wonderful in its political history
and Government as in its flora nnd fauna.
Brazil was first discovered by Pinzou, a Span
ish navijrntor—a companion of Colnmbus—in
1500. He was followed hy Cabinl, a Portu
guese, who claimed tbe land iu the name of bis
monarch.
On the first of January, 1531, Martin Alfonso
de Louznsaili’d into what be supposed to be a
large river, which be named “River of Jan
uary;” and although be soon discovered his
mistake, yet to this day tbo magnificent sheet
of water is known by the misnomer "Rio de
Janeiro.” Tbe first colony 'established near
the waters of that bay was in 1555, by a band
of French Huguenots, unde 1 * tho patronage of
Admiral Boligny. They were, however, over
come by tbo Portuguese, ns well as fee. Dutch,
who in after years occupied a portion of the
northern coast, from 1630 to 1654. Prom the
last date Brazil became a colony of Portugal,
with as great commercial restrictions as Chinn
before 184?. Thus this vast region remaiued
until 1808, when the royal family of Portugal
fled* from Lisbon upon the invasion of fee
French army, and sought a refuge at Rio Jeno-
iro, which became for the time being fee capital.
Brazil rapidly improved, (as tbe commercial
restrictions were thrown aside,) and it soon was
incorporated as a constituent portion of tbe
kingdom. The first printing press was estab
lished in ISOS, bat itwasre.-ervedin afier y; ars
for independent Brazil to have a press entirely
free and unshackled.
The lecturer exhibited several specimens of
Brazilian typography, among which were Lieut.
Maury's letters, on the Amazon question, and
newspapers. Rio, a city of three hundred
thousand inhabitants, has Several daily papers,,
which, during fee session of tbe Imperial Le
gislature, print foil reports of all the debates
the morning after their occurrence.
. In 1821 the King, Don John, returned to Por
tugal, leaving his son, Don Pedro, as viceroy. -
Brazil was treated badly by Portugal, and tho
.Brazilians resented it, proclaimed a Constitu
tional Empire, and Don Pedro was made the
first Emperor. Their Constitution is singularly
« ieral, and the whole Government more nearly,
tb some qualifications, resmblcs our own than
any other. There are twenty-one Provinces,
eaoh having its Governor and independent Le
gislature. It is thus a decentralized Govern
ment. There is tbo Impcrinl Legislative As
sembly, with its House of Representatives and
its Senate, corresponding to our Congress.
Bnt, in order that the Provincial Government
may be more closely allied to tho General Gov
ernment, tho Emperor appoints the Governors
and tbe people elect their legislators.
There is a nobility, bat it is one bene merito,
and cannot descond from father to son.
There is also a liberality and a guarantied
religious toleration, which surprised us, and
cannot be surpassed outside of England and
the United States.
Brazil is not a hot bed of revolution ns Span
ish America, hut has had a peacefulnoss and a
material prosperity in advance of every Amer
ican Government save our own. She has had
hnt one great change in hor Government since
1822, and thnt the forced abdication of Don
Pedro and substitution of his son, the present
efficient Emperor. Her const commerce, car
ried on in her own sailing vessels and steamers,
is immense. Two-thirds of tho coffee of tho
world is raised in Brazil, nnd more than ono-
hnlf of this immense crop comes to the United
States. We buy more than fourteen millions
of dollars worth from Brazil, while wo do not
sell her but little more thnn the amount of four
millions of our products; and we can readily
assent to what the lecturer asserted ns our duty,
i. o. to cultivate closer relations with Brazil.
More than onco we were pointed to the south
ern inhabited portion of Brazil and the LnPla-
tine countries as the field for the triumphs of
AmdKcun commerce, and not the minstniitio and
almost uninhabited ^qaatorial region of the
Amazon.
The concluding part of tho lecturo was taken
up wife descriptions of the bay and citv of
Rio de Janeiro—feo novel sights of that sunny
region, fee gorgeous scenery, and the fruits,
flowers, nnd perpetual verdure of that land of
enchantment.
The lecturer also made it known feat the Em-
[ leror is a bona fide Emperor, no Fnustus Sou-
oiiquo, lmt a man in wlioso vcins course fee
Mood of the Brags nzas npd the Hapsburgs,
He is the son of the sister of Napoleon’s second
Empress. Ho is related by marriage to every
The Xatnraltzitlon Question.
The question, ns to how for the right to grant
eit'zenship jonliens was controlled by the Con
stitutional provision which provides that Con
gress ehnil have power to pass general naturali
zation laws,Tins lately [been much agitated. • We
some tirao back, expressed our opinion that fee
power of conferring citizenship rested in fee
general government and not in fee States; We
see some valuable evidence on this point lately
been brought to light. Tbe question of fee ex
ercise of the power on the part of o State, was
raised in the Senate of tbe United States as for
hack os 1826. It was supported in the affirma
tive by Mr. Preston, of South Carolina, Mr.
Porter of Louisiana, and others, hut' denied "by
Calhoun, supported by many able men of that
day. The argument of Mr. Calhoun,, is conclu
sive. We quote from him:
“Alien nnd citizen nre co-relative terms, and
stand in the contradistinction to each other.
They, of course, cannot coexist. They are, in
fact, so opposite in their nature, feat we con
ceive of but one in contradistinction to tbe oth-:
er. Thns far, all mnst be agreed. My next
step is not less certain.
. The constitution confers on Congress the au
thority to pass universal laws of na'uralizntion.
This will not be qnestioned; nor will it bi*. thnt
fee effect of naturalization is to remove alien
age is, simply to put the foreigners in the.con
dition of a nntive born. To this extent the act
of naturalization goes, nnd no further.
The next,position I assume is no lesscertain;
that when Congress has exercised Its authority
by passing a uniform law of naturalization (as
it has.) it exclndes fee right of exercising a
similar authority on the part of tho States. To
suppose feat feo State eonld pass naturalization
acts of their own, after Congress had passed an
nniforra law of naturalization, would be to make
fee provisions of the Constitution ringatory.
I am now prepared to decide fee question
which my coileage has raised. I have shown
that a citizen is not an alien, and feat alienage
is an (insuperable barrier, till removed to citi
zenship : and that it can only be removed by
complying wife the act of Congress. It follow.--,
of course, that a State cannot, pfits own anther
ity make an alien a citizen without such com-
piiance.
The General practice of nearly all the States
of the Union is in accordance wife Mr. Calhoun’s
decision. If Congress were to change fee nat
uralization law to-morrow thnt change would be
effectual in deciding fee terms upon which,
aliens are to be admitted to citizenship in
nearly all fee States, simply because fee con
stitutions of those States prescribe United States
citizenship as a prerequisite of State citizen
ship.— Savannah Republican-
"OH! HOW I LOVE THEE!”
I love thee In calm—l lovo thee in storm,
I love thee when happy—I love thee, care
worn:
I love thee on mountain—I love tboe in dell
I, love thee in eostle—I love thee in cell.
I love feoe thro’ trial—I lore thro’ pain,
I trust thou art happy when I meet thee again;
Bat should thro’ earth’ssojoaru, misfortune as
sail,'
I pray that thy courage may evpr prevail
Of Ustttt.—Lord Bacon in his essays on va
rious.suhjects has this leaning with regard to
Usury: "The discommodities of usury are,
first feat it makes fewer merchants; for were
.it not for this laxy trade of usury, money would
not lie still, but would in a great part be em
ployed upon merchandising, which is the vena
porta of wealth in n State : fee second, feat it
makes poor merchants, for as a farmer can not
husband his ground po well if be sits at a great
rent, so the merchant can not drive bis trade so
well, if he sits at a great usury: the third is
incident to tho other two; and that is the de
cay of customs of Kings, or estates, which ebb
nr flow with merchandising : tho fourth, that it
bringeth the treasure of a realm or State into a
few bnmis: for fee usurer being at certainities.
nnd othes at uncertainties at the end of tbe
game most of the money will be in fee box;
and evera State'flourisheth when wealth is more
equally spread; the fifth, that it beats down tho
price ofl nd; for the employment of money is
chiefly either merchandising, or purchasing, and
usury waylays both: the sixth, that it doth
dull and damp all industries, improvments and
new inventions, wherein money would be stir
ring, if it were not for this slug: tho last, feat
is tbo conker and ruin of many mon’s estates,
which in process of timo breeds a public pov
erty.”
other under license only to certain persons, and
certain places of merchandising. First,
therefore,'let ’ usnry in general be reduced and
let a rate be proclaimed to be free andenrrent;
and let the State shut itself out to take any penal
ty for the same; this will preserve borrowing from
any general stop or dryness; this will ease in
finite borrowers in the country; this will, in
good part, raise tbe price of land; this will-en
courage and edge industrious and profitable im
provements.”
Hypocrisy—Shah Religion.—Hypocrisy is
ono of the most common and contemptible' of
sins. In religion, it is nn attempt to deceive
God; in love,-to cheat the mostsacredaffcctions
of the heart; in friendship, in social intercousc,
and.in trade, it is an effort to humbug and to
swindle. A frank-henrtod sinner is a thousand
times more respcotable than yeur smooth
tongued, long-faced, “circumspect” moralist,
whose very appearance is a living lie. A pub
lic professor of Godliness—a man who claims
to be an especial favorite of his Creator, and
on intimate terms with the Ruler of fee Uni
verse, whose influence is potent in tbe Court
of Heaven, is, of nil others, tho most to be sus
pected of insincerity. Wrapping bis Pharisa
ical cloak around him, and "thanking God that
he is not as other men are,” he looks upon all
who cannot say amen to his creed as sinners,
outcasts, nnd outsiders; while flattering him
self that ho is, "one of the elect,” whose eter
nal salvation is guaranteed by the church; and
complacently iterating the edict that the rest
of mankind nre incontinently "going to be
damned.”—This is plain talk, and the wd*
will grate harshly on " ears polite;” but it is
true, nevertheless.—Athene Post.
Significant,—ThoTFashington Sentinel’(De-
mnernt) concludes an article upon tho next
Presidential campaign wife the follo.wing home-
thrust at the preset occupant of the White
Honao:
We hope thnt Democrats' and Democratic
journals will observe that prudence and circum
spection which are so essntial to succcs, and by
means of which thoy have so often acquired
success. Wo believe that all parties have come
to tho conclusion feat obscure, unknown, and
incompetent men shall not fill the Presidental
chair. They are sick nnd tired of such men.
They want able, useful,, and eminent men—
men who havo rendered publio services—men
who are-known nnd honored—men who fill a
largo space in the public cje.
oldest and most respectablo Quaker families of, impress, iio is retatoa ny marriage to every
Philadelphia. < principal reigning house in Europe. The late
The Ruling Passion.—We read in tha Cour
ier de la Gironde—
An old soldier fooling his end npproaehing,
nnd wishing to die like a good christinn, sent
for a'clergyman to administer to him the rites'
of the church. After having attentively listen
ed to tho exhortation of his confeesrr, and re
ceived extreme unction, ho asked him with a
feeble voice, "Cah you tell me, reverend father,
if Sebastopol is taken F'- The clergymnh, ns-
tnnished at such a question from a dying man,
answered feat ns yet there was no positive no
coant of its full. The sick^man continued, “Tho
reason T nskotl fee question is, fis-1 am about
to depart for fee other world, it wonld have
given me great.satisfaction to be able to an
nounce the good news to Marshal St. Arnaud.”
At feeso words hia head follbaek on his pillow,
and after'half an hour’s suffering, fee poor sol- j gfum.'
dior breathed his last. ...
*.
are crossed.
And fey ru4derless .vessel by fee last tempest is
tossed,
May fee life boat of Jesus, by angels bo man-
' ned •
And waft tby sweetspirit to fee heavenly land.
La Fayette, Ala., Jan. 26,1855.
From the Cleveland Plaiodealer, Jan. 23.
A Wholesale Counterfeit Bank Bill Hana-
faetorjr Broke fp
Wife a praiseworthy determination to unloose
he tig htness of the limes by making money
plentier, several good looking yonng men, and
at least one good looking vonng lady bare as
sociated themselves together without askingthe
special privileges of a Legislative charter, and
have prepared at considerable expense a large
amount of pictured promises to pay, duly sign
ed and countersigned, which ruthlessly have
been wrested frpm them hy Sheriff Spangler
deputies, and even they arrested and put in
"durance vile.”
The officers have been sometime on the trail
of this gang, nnd yesterday by means ofa.Po«t
Office trap, the residence of fee chief counter
feiter was fonnd to be in this city, at No. 28
Seoville streot. His name is E J Homers, alias
J D Miner. , The Sheriff and bis party went
noiselessly to,his residence last night. A gen
tle tap by one of the party brought a very po
lite, nice little women to the door, who safd.
Mr. Miner was not in. In the meantime Mr.
M. was making his exit out fee back way, and
Was arrested by one of the deputies.
Tho heseiging party then “pitched in” to the
house, hut found fee-inner room containing Mrs
Miner and a Mr. Rnsecrantz alias Nicolas,lock
ed and admittance refused. Tho order was giv-
cn to bnret open fee door, when it was quickly
opened by the lady. In fee stove was found a
roaring fire, all of new bank bills just put-in.
Rosecrantz and the lady were seized, fee room
searched, and about twenty thousand dollars of
pretty printed bank bills, all on Eastern banks,
were fonnd ready fi r circulation, and a whole
trunk full ready to be filled out. .
On Minor, was found a letter from one. of the
gang, ordering a large amount to be remitted to
him, as bo was going East via Philadelphia and
Baltimore, and eonld. put it off like hot cakes.
A list of retail dealers, customers -from abroad,
who were patronizing this wholesale house in
Cleveland, was also found.
The three are in jail, and by the aid of fee
telegraph, no doubt other arrests in other parts
of the country are ere this made.
This is a grand haul, and Sheriff Spangior is
entitled to much credit for the celerity and
neatness with which he has despatched, this
job.
Mr. Wise.- Un wised.—Some one fens un
wise* Mr. Virginia Wise, who undertook to an
nihilate the Know Nothings:
Has any purpose been evinced to impose ad
ditional taxation on them? None. ‘ To restrict
them in the freedom of speech, or the press?
None. To interfere wife the enjoyment of
their religeons worship?--None. To deprive
them of tho right of trial by jury—or of tbe
right of habeas corpus f None. To sue and
give evidence in onr courts? None. To ex-
clnde them from fee practice of the learned
professions? None. To deprive feeir children
of the privilege of education in our common
schools ? None. To proscribe them .socially?
None, none, whatever. ‘ Of what then, can Mr.
Wise complain ? Does he allude merely to tbe
disposition to extend the time of feeir residence
in tho country before naturalization ? If he
does, then he might wife as much propriety
snv fee present law; requiring five years’ resi
dence; was depriving- them of republican priv
ileges. For whether ii shall be five years or
twenty-one years, is a mere question of policy;
feo principle is tbe same. Can it be possible
that all Mr. Wise’s jeremiads over the foreign-
ers.proceed from fee growing purpose to amend'
fee naturalization laws?
flEAP and you will Know.—"Sir William
Jones,” says Arvine’s Cyclopedia of Anecdotes,
“ when a mere child was very inquisitive. His
mother was a womanof great intelligence, and
he would apply to her,for fee information which
be desired; but her constant reply was, Read
and yon will know,” This gave him a passion
for books, which was one of the principal means
of making him what he was.”
Sir William Jones became one of fee greatest
scholars of any age or country. He obtained
aknoledge of twenty-eight different languages.
And it was this eminent scholar who fens spoke
if feo Bible:—
“ I have carefully and regularly perused fee
Scriptures; and am of opinion that this volume,
independent of its divine origin, contains more
sublimity, purer morality,.-more^ important his
tory, and fin or strains of eloquence, than, can
be obtained from all other books, in whatever
language written.”
This great man’s habit of reading is worthy-
tho imitation of the youg; and; Bis habit of
reading and revering the Scrptnres is worth
the imitation of all.
A StroRT Story.—Dickens tells fee following
story of an American sen-eapiain :
In his last voyage home, fee captain had on
board a young lady of remarkable personal at
tractions—a phrase I use as being one entirely
now, and ono you never meet wife in the news
papers. This young lady was beloved intense
ly by five young gentlemen, passengers, und in
turn sho was in love with them all very ardent
ly. but without ; ny particuly preference for
either. . *.
Not knowing Tmw to make np her determina
tion in this dilemma, she consulted my frieiid,
the captain. The captain being a man ef ori
ginal turn of mind, says to the young lady,
"jump over board and marry fee man that jumps
after you." The young lady, struck with the
idea, and being fond of bathing, espscially in
warm weather, as it then was, took tho ndvice
of the captain, who had a boat ready and man
ned, in case of accident.
Accordingly, next morning, fee five lovers be
ing on deck, and looking very devotedly at fee
young Indy, she plunged into fee soa headfore
most. Four of the lovers immediately jumped
in after her. Whon fee young lady and her
four loverp got out again she sAys to fee captain,
"What am I to do noifj they are so wet ?”
Says the captain, "Take the dry one!” And
fee young lady did, and married him;
Robert, expresses thus warmly an appreciation
of these every day, (nigh t) comforts, which, in
the frequency they are enjoyed, are sometimes
less highly valued than thoy deserve to he:
"Abed is certainly the most precious and
the favorable nsvlum to be found here below.
In fact, when I look at it and when I think,
as I step into it how ono is suddenly, ns if by
enchantmfent, rid of fatigue, cold, t
rain, importunate visitors, tedious
tions, common place remarks. pompo:;s
tions, bragging, putting forth headstrong opin
ions, contradictions, discussions, travelling sto-
Md^'dcep irirets tong
words, interminable monologues, and ihat in
place of them, one has pictures, thou mem
ories to.be called up, that be is'in the midst of
a chosen society of phantoms and virion*, just
to his mind, and all these dreams which a for-
oign writer calls "moon-light in the brain;”
when I think of all this, as I look at a bed, I
know not.what words to make use of to express
my enthusiasm and veneration, and I am al
most readjr fet bow in adoration before it.”
The St. Louis Republican says, that a few
days ago, a man and his wife in that city were
engaged in arranging a separation. The prin-
cipal difficulty was the baby, which tbe woman
tearfully begged to be allowed to keep, while
tbe man angrily refused. At length the wife
almost threw the child into the husband's arms,
and exclaimed, "take it, I cun soon have ano-
fear!" , , , . , , ■ - -
In the United States there is one child n't Tid
ing school to every five person*. In
there is one to every four. In Sv ’
five. In Prussia one to six. In
to sevon. In Lelginm and Great
to eight. In France one to ten. In Austria
one to thirteen. In Holland one to fourteen.—
In Greece one to eighteen. In Russia one to
fifty. In Portugal one to eighty.
Envy.—punishing ourselves for being inferior
to onr neighbors.
Birds.—Birds are fee poor.man’s music, and
flowers tbe.peor man’s poetej,
Tommy, how’s all your folks ? All w#!
Growler—he’s got the bow-wow-el cc
Misfortunes never come single, a?
said, when he fell overborad, reaching
bat ' ' ' - -
jga*An editor observes that ‘it is a solemn
thing'to be married,’bat how much more sol
emn it is not to be. '
jBa-Sevonteenlocomotives are frozen or bu
ried in feo snow on fee Chicago aad Misabippi
Rail Road.
;
fiST-Often people fancy fee world is be-om-
ingChristian^when, in foot, Christianity is only
becoming worldly. " ’
' - v ■ - ‘ -
Which isthe easiest of the three professions
—law, physic, or divinity ? Divinity, because
it is easier to preach than to practice.
The forlorn hope of Ladice.—Expecting an
old sweetheart to marry you on tho death of his
third wife.
gg^Twanty mail robbers have been ar-csted
within fee last two months, and there are "a
few more left of the same sort.”
“Invariably in'advance —A .
expression used by newspaper pub’I;.-hrr\aad
generally understood not to mean any thing.
“A lawyer,” raid Lord Brougham, in ,i fsee-
tious mood, "is a learned gentlem m who rej-
cuesyonr estate from your enemies, aad keeps,
it himself.” .
How. does it happen that whenever you
ebanee to stop out late, upon retiring as quiet
ly as possible.-eveTy door creaks ten times *as
much as usual, and the stairs go off like.purks of
artillery?
fga-Thftra fa more "vital Christianity" in’a
"plate of cold victuals,” given to the famishing
poor, than in all fee litanies of nations, or in all
fee church’s prayers. . .
WISE..
If wisdon’s ways you Wisely seek
Five things observe with care:
Of whom yon speak, to whom y u speak,
And'how, and when, and where.
^SJ*Tfyon hare great talents, industry will
improve them; if moderate' abilities, industry
will supply the deficiency. Nothing is denied ■
to well directed labor,, nothing is ever to be oto
tained without it.
Tho best heater to resist winter wife,is a be.?
ncvolent heart. Those who have tried impro
ved stoves and failed, will pieaso to remember
that a load of wood givan to a poor poreon
warms you almost as much os it doos him.
Try it. -
Counterfeiting by' photography has be-
como an art which may be very dangerous in
its consequences to the public. A daguerreo-
typist in Cincinnati has been performing a so ,
Ties of experiments in this art, and he is enabled
to copy rill kinds of ordinary writing and print
ing—cheeks, notes, autographs or lotters. A
number of bank bills copied in this way , werp
presented at various- banks itt the.city of Cin
cinnati and in every case they were pronoun
ced, after Careful inspection to bo genuine.
Bills printed in red blue arid greenoolota cannot
bo copied, and the photographic pictures will
turn white by wetting them with a solution of
corrosive sublimate or of hydrioAue of pot.ia-
Cold Water at Meaes.—Dr. Hull says
“I set it down as a clearly established fact, that
a glass or more of cold waser, drunk habitually
at moals, or, soon after, is a pernicious habit,
even to the most healthy.”
je&- AVennyegation w6o were offended at
feeir preariher, yet who did not wish to take
the responsibility of dismissing him immediate
ly, sent him.-o note* requesting him to leave st
the end of six months; ond in the meantime to
preach as little de possible !
. WOMAN'S WILL.
AN EPIGRAM ; > -. .
Men dying made feeir wills,—but wires
Escape a work of sad: . , -■ b- .
Why should they make what all feeir lives
The gentle dames have had ? ■
Stxe.
\ • *
At a meeting of clergymen, not loiigsinco a
reverend gentleman by the name of T.os<, of
dimensions somewabt extended, both latornljy
and altitudinally. presented himself. Says one
of the brefeern to him: “When you left, ymir
people you wree a great Loss.” ‘Yes,’ said an
other, “but when he dies he will bo no Lo.<s.”
"Yes,” said a third, .“he will be a dead Loss.”
As Rufus Choate was cross qnestlontin :' a
witness the jther -day-in one of the B >?tcm
Courts, he asked him what profession be follow
ed for a livelihood? The witness replied. “I
am a candle of fee Lord-‘•a minister of the Go*,
pel." "Of what denomination ?” Hiked'fee
counsellor. , "A Baptist,” replied fee witness.
"Then,’’ said Mr. Choate, i'you are a dipt but I
trust not a wick-ed candle.. _•
Anecdote of Coleridge.—Mr. Col-rid*”*
was a remarkably awkward horseman, so much
so as to attract notice. He was riding nh>ng
the turnpike road, in the.eunnty of Durham,
where a wag approaching him notioed this pe
culiarity* end quite mistaking his man. thought
fee rider a fine subject for a littlo sport, when,
as ho drew near,‘he thas necostod Mr. 0.:
" I say, young' man, did you meet a tailor on
fee Yoad.?”,;., jW* « *rs- •
•Yes,'” rapped Mr. C.. who was never at a
loss for a rejoihder, "I did. and he told me id
went a Tittle further-I should-meet a go .se.”
Tho assailant was struch dumb, while the
traveller, jogged on.
A Fusa IN THE Family.—Wall, there’* a row
over-here at our house.’
•What oa airth’s tho matter, you littlo sar-
pint?’
' ^ ‘W-hv dad’s got drunk, mother’s dead, Sal’s
got married and run away with the spools, Po-
to’a swallow 4 a pin, and Lui's looked at. the
Boror Borax until she-’s got the del.rius. That's
not nil anther.’, ‘ i; - ! ~- r ' ’
‘What else, upon earth ?’
Roso spilt the batter pot and all tho crockery
ware except a feather bed, and one o’- the alfese
kittens has got her head iu the molasses enj*
and ouu’t got it out, and—oh, how hungry I
Rtn-