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in an exemplary manner.” Tins authority is
fatiifa&ory to ihew that fach offenders ought to
be fur rendered, but it by no means Rows that i
their l.irrendtr is a right enjoyed by the nation (
reclaiming them, but an aft of curtefy on the,
part of the nation surrendering them, and it al-j
fu i'atiifadoi'ily proves, for exccptio ffobat rrgn- ,
Lim, that these are the only offences which will, j
according to the general law of nations, author
ife one nation in surrendering an exile or refugee
to the justice of another nation. It will he seen,
alfb, that the rule does not -embrace those often-j.
ces which are mo.ft dangerous to tire particular;
nation ift which they are committed, as treason,!
ipurder and leditioa sncl that the inftaners, h..e
tne principle, are confined to such as “ violate
all public* fafety” and declare their authors to
be the “enemies of the human race”—to such
as trample under root the “ common fafety” cf
nations. I could not be charged with a want cf
candour were l to end the quotation from this
author here and not to give the f.iccefiding fen
tone?. What has been cited contains all that is
material to'the fubjed under dlfcuSwn and fair.
If gives meaning : But the fv.ccecdiug fentcnce
miy be confide re and as material by those who
hue ventured to ecprefn a different opinion,
and,will therefore*give-it, in order to rewefn
cavife rmi to iksvr that it is perfectly -confident
with sLai even conjrm ViSTy of what has been
fiid— Ydttel continues “’and it being proper tc
convift the guilty aid to try them according t<
feme Form ox law, this is a second reason why
mdrf'actors cur tttital.'y delivered tip at the tie fir,
cf the sidle where their crime: have been commit
it}” The generality of the latter part o’
this fer.teace appears to contain'a declarntto.
that it is usual with nations to deliver ujfail ma
lefactor a at the and lire of the state where thri ’
crimes have been committed; but the generality
of it will prove as ilrongly as any argument th:
can be used, tint this is not a correft expofitio.
of the author; for we all knew that it is ne :
ther usual to demand nor to furrer.der all offend
ers who ilv.ll hare lied from the justice of th
country whole laws had beer vioL.ed by them
2t is difficult to fpeaiic or to write so as to b
correftly u i lc.nloed; atfd on the other Man
nothing is so cafy as to pervert the plaice’
meaning and the plaiueft words—with this ol
jebt you may extrtft alliedm from the word .
G*>d, and from the book of vvifdom, fay “thei
h> no God !” \vheii you ought to read “th
fool in his heart feith there is no God ! * Th
author in this ir.il a nee is giving “ a second r.
son” why such malefactors as he has before and
feribed are usually delivered up at the desire o
the state where their crimes have been commit
ted ; far it is nr* Hated in this author direSlly
nor is it in any other that it is usual to furrem
and r alt lmlgfaftors at the derive of the state
where their crimes have been ccmmhted, ar.
he would not iviqueftior ably have laid down f
important a rule in giving a “ fee and reafon’
why a certain defenption cf offender* ought t
be fill-rendered. To read it literally waul,
make’ it nenfenfs in logic ar.d i.i grammar, o
neither cf which would it be reasonable to ;uf.
pest him when speaking in his own languag.
for he has not previously given any reason whi
malefadlars generally, are delivered up by on
nation to aaother, but he has immediately h -
fore given a reason why offenders, whose criir.es
violate ail public faffcty ought to be delivered.
Til to the foverc-ign in whole territory thefo
oifeitces, are committed, and in the lift lenience
he proceeds to give a “ second reason” for the
fame usage. I have not before trie or at prelent
in rnv power any other than an Engliih copy of
Vattcl, but I think it probable that this may
be an error ir. the trar.flation ; for, from the case
with which a smattering of the French language
is attained, we get many of the bell works in
that language thro* the rb-mrels of such igno
rance—but read this lenience literally, and it
neither proves nor llat?3 a right under the law,
but a practice under the curtefy of nations—
Clearly, however, there is ret even any foch
curtefy known among nations.
CI7IS.
From the Aurora.
OF MATTERS WORTHY OF PUBLIC CONSID
Lit A7IOW.
AS several matter* of gwat importance
will come before Congress at its no'tt meeting,
it may be efufe to call the public attention to
foch of them as appears to be foremoft.
The phrase, ‘ within our own water: is
often uLd ; it is therefore necelfary it Ihould bel
defined. Cogrefs ought, and undoubtly will,
determine what the extent of our waters ii.
Admiral Berkley's orders, dated Halifax,
Jure 1 (l, n eoufrqueuce of witch the outrage!
<n the Cbefipenkc was committed, under the 1
aifumed authority of searching our national,
flips, as if our national mips were to be under the j
orders of a Britiih Admired, fays, “The cap-1
“ tains aud commanders of His M ijefty's fltips ‘
and veflelS under my command an; therefore, I
“tt-rsby required, in case of meeting the Amr.!
** rican frigate Chelapeake dt sea'an4 without the
fruit: of the UAtidStates, to-ihe.v to the C ‘p
“ tain ot her this order,” Stc.
Now the fu‘t i.; tint Do rgtas s ( juadron did
not meet the Chet.rei’r: it sea. Tnefqnairon
came within our own w iters to wait Tor her mil
folio red for oat to sou,
Thu is an add. donid cause that Cong A
Ih-Mfli! d’etenjjiutr wisat, tire extent .of our owe
waters is. The arm : 1 uh.ps of fore -go nation
hiy - ,i,i right m corns within o.irwate.u, with- i
fi. ft obtaining onr as Ueift aud declaring their oh
jefo ; but to ■ bullies of the Occam, such a
Is-i-c-.y nod Uo-g. ms, . v.-.e w.Uiiii u-ietr. ,
peake and lay there, as if the Chesapeake belong-1
ed to the Britilh government. 1
i The last accounts from Halifax, far, that
‘“Admiral Berkley was repairi; g the V ilk; dc
! Milan frigate, and was going as soon Ss pos
• “ fible to the Chesapeake to take the command
1 “ of th*- Britilh fquncrca.”
i Mow, after what has pa fled, it v/oina be an
1 aft of hostility in Berkley to come within the
Chesapeake, and I hope by the time he comes
we {hall hays Gun Boats enough to make him
repent it the fir ft calm that comes. Every ca.in
is a day of triumph to Gun Boats, m.d cun—
i will certainly come.- ,
! When Commodore DojogLfs heard that
Capt.;Decatur was preparing Gun Boats and a!
Floating Battery to attack him the firft emm
; that fnould come, he tacked about and set oh.
The defence of our waters together with the ]
aid cf our militia, includes the defence of our
towns, for if our waters arc de. ended our towns,
are defended in consequence.
I now come to fpeuk of a matter that has not I
yet been fpeken of, and which, from the net’ - *
fity of the case, requires to be taken into co fi-.-
eration, which 13, To determine het fart of th.
Publk Defence king to Congress and isjlLl part
to the States individually-
Defence ißisry. be cunprcliended under two
general herds.
First Mnvc.--.bie Defence, including ship
and Gan Boats.
Secondly—Stationary Defence, u.elaJ.in
Fortifications and Batteries.
The frit—Ships and Gun Boats, being co::-
iiftcr.tly to the Uufted States ;.ii-:r.blcu in Con
•refs, becaufo they can o? moved to the pw -
teftion ‘of any of the 3talea* a-s circle.i.tsmee
nay require.
The fecond—Tort'ficarior.s and Batteries, he-’
: ong to the States individually, b.-canfe they c.iy ’
tot be moved and are particularly for tne benefit
if the place where tiiey are creSTd.
When this divilk>n is made, Defence will go
tfily on ; but at present it is fonts what in a
ate of confufion. We have projectors who
.reject without sillier calculation or judgement,
;id then expeft that Congress v.ri! do the work.
The annual revenue of the United States is
bout twelve nr 11 ion dollarsarifing iiom imposts.
V great part o{ this is appropriated to pay the
itereft cf tht National Debt, incurred by j
ae war and the additional debts contrasted
uring the un-vife admini(hrt>on of John A
iants; .another Fart is applied to pay off tile
jpital of that debt, and when these things are
lone and the current expetiees of the genei'd
•;overament defrayed, there is net fuSseiency left
r o conftrufl even the p.eceffary quantity of de*
ence our waters require, ctherwife than doing
tby decrees. It is therefore better that the
and works be left to the States individually, for
f eongreis were to do it, they mail lay cu cow
axes for the purjjofe.
AN OLD FRIEND CF ’VG.
Foreign A T em.
O
T A RIS, June 12.
YtHcrday ct 3 o’clc-l; in the sf:cr
soon, in execuiii'n of the .Triers <>{
his majeily the emperor and king, hi
serene highness the prince arch chan*
cellar of the empire, repaired to the
ftna'e.
His serene highness was received
with tie usual cere ip ony, and having
taken his feat, laid ;
Gentlemen ,
I bring you a meffoge from his rm
jefty the emperor and king, and let
*e s patent, given the 28th May lull,
in the imperial camp at Finkenlicin.
The fe letters confer the title of he
reditary duke of Dantzic on the n.ar
(hal Le'ebre, praetor of the senate.
The me {face further enhances the
high diftinSion bv the noble and af
fctling expohtion of the motives that
have ciett ririned it.
The military career of the marshal
I.efebrr, so long illustrious, will be
forever memorable by tie fitge of
Dantzic, and by the brilliant fuettfs
which has terminated it.
I His m a jelly could not recompense’
in a m ure worthy manner, ancient and
nu.nc-rous forvices, at the fame time
j that it prepares just f l.j kts of emula
tion to thpfe who wilt one day Suc
ceed to the digni'y which the marihal
foe be ore has just received.
Aucr .verds were read the following
nil [ran the minutes of the secreta
ry of state.
no n our imperial camp of Firt
flenitem, vlay 28, 1 boy.
Kapokon, emperor of the French
snd k.iag ot Italy
We h ive cktrecj, and do decree as
.olio .a:
| The serrate shall affcrable tVie iijli’
‘of |une, in the usual pluce ol its
tings.
(Signed) NAPOLEON.
We luve decreed and do decree as
follows: < !
Our cousin the arch-chancellor of
the empire shall prefsde over fe
nate, which (hall affemhle the i nh of
lur.e, in the usual place of its finings.
, (Signed) NAPOLEON.
M>Jptge oj his may fly the Emperor and
| King.
sevatops,
j By our dec’-ers of the 30’h March
in the y ar ISO 6, we have irtfli-Uted
’ Duchies to recompense i!ie great fer
| vices, both ci> il and mil taty, which
[may be.rendcred us, to give frefh Hays
jro our throne, and to incircle our
crown with new luftre.
It belongs to us, the care of secur
ing ihe fia e and the fortune of tne
a Indies which devote them ft Ives en
:r? I/ to our f.r. its and vho cor.ffant
/ faciihce ,t!r:ir inter-: fts to ours.—
i he pertnanrtu honors, the I *gi ii-irate
lonoruble and glorious fort utic tnat
vifh to give jh-ife who have tead-sreo
ts eminent !. rvice-, whether iu thcci
/il or m'SiUry career, will cotilrajt
i h the illegal hiddenJhamefal fortune
at ihofe ; who rn the eXercifs ot -theit
hinPtions only L*ek. their iutereil -m
----iec-i df'keeping in view that of out
people <n i tne good ot our service.—”
.Vi ho tit doubt., the cooicienciouliii L
of having done our duty, ami t e be
nefits attached to our citeeni iuttice tn
keep a good Fieiic; -nan in the pain <>f
honor, but the orcei oi iocirry is ie*
conftituied, that b> apparent (iiltinc ;
1 turn, o a 1 rge lotum , ra attached a
‘coniidcration and a luhre whh which
,w“ dt fiie tfiujTe of our iunjehis to be
; fur rounded who are great by their rai
ments, their ii rvieesand their ebarader y
the hr it gift. • t man.
He who has molt second and us in the
fid (tag ofo ir t ign us Who alter hav
ing r, ndered let vices in every circ.utn
ha- c* t Ihi mrii vty career, has ju’t an
Hi and his name to a aremorable ieige, to
which he has difplayeta talents and a
hi illi nt c> oa„ , as Appeared to me
rit an .liulfii us diftindionj we are
<U fil'djsati'o of confecraiing an epoch
o ‘rmorablc to our arm-, and by let-
ters patent which we ftbvc charged
>ur coufm the ar h chanrd'or ro com- j
ir.unicate to }00; we i avecre ated oui j
coufi 1 ihe ma< ’ ul and ee.iatus l.e-t
fehvre duke ol Dantzic. May this i
title borne by his and feendants, retrace j
:o them the viitues of th ir father, I
and may tlrey acknowledge themk Ives j
unworthy, if ever they prefer the cow
ardly repose and i Tends ol the great
city, to the perils and noble ciaft of
camps; il ever their fiilt fcrttiine its
cease to be for the country and for us, I
may none of them terminate his ca- j
reer without having shed his blood for:
the glory and honor of our iupvrb
France; may they in the name they
hear, never fee a privilege but duties
towards our and us, on theie
conditions our protection ar. I that of
out fuccetfors will diftingmih them at
all times.
S na'ors. We feel a sentiment 01 j
faiisfaflion in thinking that the fir ft |
letters patent, v.htth in conlcquence
of our jtnatus confulturn of the 14th
Augoft, 1806, ought to be inscribed
on yottr regdlers, consecrate the ser
vice of your praetor.
Given in our Imperial camp of
Finekenftein, the 20:h Aky,
1807.
NAPOLEON.
NORFOLK, Atiguft 4.
On Sunday lait, the Britiih teamen and offi
cers taken fome time ago at Lynnhaven I Jet,
’ were sent on board the Triumph. Age .rieman
who went down with tlie prisoners, and who was
or. board, informs, that there are five or fix
runaway negroes on board, which would be
given up on proper application being made for
them.
August 5.
Capt. Stewart, oi the schooner Beilona, from
Antigua, informs us, that just as he was about
departing from that ifl.i id, intelligence ct the
- ‘ -a.d and Cfofopeake was received, The
people of the Gland appears# afrch
upo 1 the fubjedt. Flour ruxe iiiunedi,cly one
dollar and on half ger barrel.
UEV-YGVK July 30.
On WedneHay lad hi ho!y of a ynunq
!”snin, icntefl’y or-’ fll and, wa- fond dead on tne tin.re
1 at Whec iawk, rear t"-.e monumojt
‘ten. Information was imm:c'.atriy given to the
Coroner,.nd the body wa* conveyed to the City of
! 1 r r.y w’ -re n inaue l was hr u- O *aiftfnati, a
: it appeared that h - hadihot ! hnf .f through t< e
head with a bah fruit a ‘a ge horfemm s pM
which tore oSF part < I hi< ear. Hi n.rjdr wa j V.
RERT2I.I.. a fore gner, about the ;-e of aa y^JB
-v/,) letters were found t 1 hi’ p eket, o.:e ; d<h ac 1
to the periba who mi. lit Ft .and hs b .'y tne th r'o a
ernti. nxa -at Brooklyn. In the e letters he fi.ni 3
his intention of tlefttoyiog himfetl—t at i c .. Si.iet
y ~j tjfc and could 1. -t bear lbs idea if lii beioV. and
( vi-.om Ls Hi'-S bis Matiica) being in ho a ms. of
3-vn ‘ur. In cr.e of the letters i. hi- •:'!, bequearh
i;- f.vo rfcird-. Os his property to Matii-a, and be
rF a . der to the family of the ;-ent *maa above n. m
tJ. ; j he letters are dated the s?7t*s iwkar.f, and ; t -
l r>r).,jed he perpi trated t e hntr.ti Jee-i eh as d,y.
On Monday aft moon he was seen e r the monu
ment wi h a book :n h: ftatid, and c b :g ’{bfe. 1 i
drew it- ha i-vir his eyes, ‘lbcfc i~. y, as (Ouud i.a,
ihe by his file, tnd was ti.c *’ borrows of
VVtrter.” It lay open at the place where Wcrtrr
write* to Ch.irlorti-—“ “Ty are .* s.i etyck it tt r
■■welvt ■ I g-> 1 i-tte, Cla .cl.-/ . 1 Ft-euetV
. hat ad Lveral ocher p-df gs i t the cor d
ponding with It’s Uah-.pp} fitualiu , iV;r m.-i-ied by
him with a pea.
PETERSBURG, (V.) -’"V-ft % .
V.'c are iitf rtnetl tha; B oner Bcv. ind:A and for
Tieah 11 against he United State-, a.i. ed n Kicti
mond on We-Jo-fd y morni- g v 1 tier a gti rd af
feVen m n, and hit e Ins been fv.ruifbtd with t e
la.re spa-tiue ts In the tVu’.teti .f.ry nit * ng fit’.ce
:cu, ied hy - aro 1 hu.r; thje. Uiur b • rein v.d
to ;i-j *am- r ru. 1 n opp fi e the : win t -vera.
V.V lea-a fart tie-", f-.at t e trial of 15 r.* wai peft
i r.neJ to i jiJay [this d-vj -home ari*oj - eats w..s
1 ii.te iv: rtd to b'tnvde between the Court and tfie
C- -i 1.1.i r.s to predv.ce .n t-af!y t(?-miia**oa of this
I inter, ii.i.g triri—-but without elf A. ‘in. bar w s
01. mbe reiufttrcci by aidt.iouJ Com del on
tue pjri of Curr.
| I ... a- han liayton was fnppofed to be in tieiie'gh-
I'-orhi nd of Richmond} and it w-seonj Clured won and
rein .i to real •’ until t.etme of ids tn-', in ‘-rdfr
av .id the !• rmrs of imp fer.m.at-- t; ‘ would
iae.. titfiver hiuiTeit up to the civil. ttdi
CHARLESTON, Angnfl 15.
The following letter has just been re-erivefi by
be Governor and Commanc’er ii Cm-.*'.of this
State, from the Secretary of the D-'p?.. tiaeat of
War of the United States:
V/ar D£?o.rtmsht, An ere, ft 2d, 130?.
To bis Excellency ihe governor cf Ts
State of South Carolina,
Sir, - ’ •
1 am direft-vd by the Preadeat of theU.ff*
ted States, to urge on the governors oi tnerU
pefiive Rates, the .importance f eacoui aging,
by all the mans the/ polices, lacb. volunteer
associations as are coc-empl ited by the aft f
Congress, pafleu the £rth day of February left,
ar.d when organized, to be received as a pan of
the quota of militia, recently r.eq.u.cd to he Lid
in readiness at the ihortcil notice.
The present fit aat ion cf ov.r cc v .: try c: Is
loudly for the patriotic exenioi s ,1 ns citbei.%
in the prompt adoption of i-.-ch r -c.ifur s as v..l
moft effedtud’y enable us to meet the refultoia
1 .ts event, which appears to lnein ct its peac*.
Under such circutnftances, : c mu 1 be piefomed
with due encouragement, the whole number
• volu teers, contemplated by the abc.-g mentio..*
j ed aft, may be induced to tender their forvice*
ito their country ; and your excel:- icy will rea*
! dily perceive the importance of foch a body of
I men, at the actual comineacefljent of war, vv’toi
j term of service will afford ample time for vailing
1 and organizing a regular so: -e for tuki.-.g tbe
. fie’d, in place of such as may net be intlfoed -o
become a part of the regular arm y.
As it must be highly probable - tor.t'futh vo
lu ;t-;r corps will be compe..’d f our molt active,
intelligent, patriotic, and'lp:nted you tg citizens,
|they will undoubtedly, in the event of a war,
(land on high ground as candidates for officers
, in the .regular army, whenever such an am /.
feaH be considered necelfary; and from the
’ well known military ardor, wuich pervades a,l
! parts of Our country, iiiere can pe ha doubt ot.
\ the readiness of alr ncient number- af our or. ;
jtens to offer their Cervices to tiicfo country-at,
the prelent time.
j - I have the honor to be, ve r-fpjcLfo’.ly,
’ your fexctlii-Rcy's xibifoir. t fouvani.. .
j 11. DBAS.BO Rif.
’ Extra3 rs a h-terfrvn iht HavanaAs, date ‘ Jj .
Jj/ lo,lod i, to ii gm..r.: 1a >y c.ty. *
“ Unfortunately, fir, I am under the difa- *
greeable necelS y to infirm you that the ye!Io
.fever and black vomit rage violently among l j
I the crews of our vefieis, a id so ne of the 510-1
zens of the U sited States ivs-j at.- uaw in tin* ‘
city. j
“ I have not heard that tV'.j other clefs of
people than the citizens of the United States
have been attainted with this horrid d.Temper.
Whether it is owing to their intemperate man
ner of living, which has been tom times carried
to encefs even here, and in the moft fatal season
of the year, is what 1 cannot undertake to f y i ,
but I fear that example andaad will -.ot
teach many of my countrymen tube mire nw*
and r te even in tfos critical mjn.-'nt than at an/
other period.”
CORN,
For Sale at Wtvne’s wharf, by
PHINL2Y & BARNETT.
Attguft 4 St id