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NATIONAL CONVENTIONS
July 26.
• The citizen Chappe, a physician,
lias found out a method, after a Jong
meditation, to perfect the language of
signals. His machine, called a The-
Ipgraph, transmits -to the greatest
diltances, thought characterized by
♦tachygraphic signs. Experiments, as
plealing as easy, have verified the
\ relulc. In thirteen minutes and forty
seconds, the tranfmiflion of a common
dispatch can he made from Valenci
ennes to Paris, near 200 miles. For
the fnm of 96,.c00 livres, this eftab
lifhmept can I e made from Paris to
the northern frontier.
.After having attended to this inte
] renting difeovery, and the report of
their committee of public inftruftion,
the •convention granted to citizen
Chappe the title of Thelographic En-
I gineer, with the appointment of a
, lieutenant of engineers ; and directed
it he committee of public fafety to exa
mine which are the lines of corres
pondence neceflary to he eftablilhed
in the prelent circuniftanc'es*
POLISH FRONTIERS, Aug- 7.
Authentic accounts from Constan
tinople, ft.ate, that the Ruffian charge
d’affaires having fignified to the Sub
lime Porte the taking polfeffion of
feme of the provinces of Poland, tiie
Turkilh .ministers Feuc official man..
dates or finnans to the governors of
their frontier places, to the follow
ing purport:
1“ I hat since the Poles had ceded
all thole provinces to the Ruffians
■which formerly cohffittited the boun
j claries between the Furkiih and Polish
i territories, the Turkish governors
s fliould forthwith, on every occalion,
apply to the governors appointed in
those provinces by her imperial majef.
ty of all theß uflias.”
Ibis plainly proves, that the re
ports of the Porte making hostile pre
l.paratkms refpefting the laid ceflion,
I are totally void of foundation.
1 Ihe treaty between Poland and
Prussia will he speedily ligried at
Grodno, and the deputies are actually
in conference with M. Buckholtz,
the Pruflian minister.
On the 131 b September, a folcmn
fete will he celebrated at Petersburg,
to commemorate the treaty of peace
concluded with the Porte ; arid the
imperial Ukafa or proclamation rela
| tive to the ceremony, has already
I made its appearance*
j P.RANDENBURGH, Auguff 17.
A letter from Poland, of the izrh
| inflatir, brings the important intelli-
I gence, that the aft of ceflion of the
, alienated Polish provinces has been
I signed on the Qth inftarir; Several
[ nuncios permitted the'mlclves on that
I occasion to bellow very harsh, person
al and offenfive remarks upon certain
| miniflers. Amongfl others, the nun
i cia Kempfki, went so far as to make
J the severest ftriftures upon the king
I himfelf, which gave his majeffy the
? grpateft pangs'of mortification* It is
| aftually reported as a truth, that
jy Stanislaus Augullus has resolved to
’ abdicate the crown and spend the rest
j of his life in Italy.
. t 11 —■
LONDON, Augufl 15,
We have now in our pay on the
1 continent thirty thousand men,avow
} edly to take towns for the emperor,
I ar.d we have not lent a single regi
-5 ment to ihe Weft-Indies, where,
I whatever we might take, was to be
H cur own !
11 It was a part of the beneficent
|r projeft of the war, to starve about
■ twenty five millions of people, and a
■ cordon was drawn all around France
■ for this purpose. We entered into
Ihreaties for the purpose of engaging
V. 11 the princes of Europe to join the
j onfedtracy, and our arnbafiadors have
bullied such of the princes as have had
the infamy to secure to their fubjefts
the bleilings of peace. What etfefts
has this wife- and generoris measure
produced in France ? It has taught
them republican manners—it has re
duced them to find substitutes for
every article of foreign produce.and
manufacture —it has taken from
our merchants, not merely for the
time, but probably for ever, so many
millions of cuftomers,and it has united
all hearts against the confederate kings,
whose fouls could entertain lo horrid
3 project.
The patriots in France have done
more than all this—they have abridged
even their common indulgences, I hey
instituted in Paris, which quickly spread
every where, un careme politique, a
political lent, which was to conclude
on the 10th of August, and during
which they have rigidly abftaiyed
from flefh meat, that the armies in
motion, who wanted it more than the
citizens at home, might be effectually
supplied. Such is the iinpulllon that
the caul'e of liberty gives to a nation
whose levity wc have beenaccuft’omed
to revile.
The French feenj to he running
from absurdity to absurdity, and from
crime to crime, The measure of
railing all France, as one body, seems
to be the lait effort of madness and
despair. Every corner of that un
’ happy country has long been convulled
with all the horrors that afllift a po
pular government : a movement of
such magnitude as that which the con
vent ion authorizes, nt uft be still greater
than that which France lierfelf has for
Come months exhibited. By those
commotions the fate of the unfor
tunate royal family seems finally
lealed.
The cx-gcriefal Diimourier, driven
from every country which dreads his
restless temper, has at last found an
afylimi in the small town of Nays,
situate oppoiite to DurteldortY, on the
other fide of the Rhine, rind sur
rounded by the dominions of the elec
tor of Colognfe. This alylum has,
however, only been granted him on
condition that, in case he excites the
slightest commotion, he iliall be called
to a very severe account.
Aitcti a MgeL.— A dreadful Occident
has happened to this town—eight
hundred houses, of different di'men
(ions, have been burnt down in the
upper part of the place called Soldraf
ky. The warehouses for foreign mer
chandizes have been laved.
AUGUST 21.
An alarm is very indurtrioufty cir
culated, refpefting this country and
America, which would insinuate, that
war is to be apprehended from that
quarter. Whatever fafts may have
occurred, which lead to this appre
henlton, we know not ; but this we
know, from credible correspondence,
that nothing is more unpopular among
the people of America, than the idea
of a war with Great Britain.
When the Howe packet lcftLifbon,
the court of Portugal were preparing
transports for 5000 troops, which
were to be lent to Spain, under con
voy of the St. Sebastian, of 74 guns,
and three frigates. The troops are
to be commanded by brigadier-gene
ral Forbes ; ■ and it was imagined that
he would be accompanied on the ex
pedition by his grace the duke of
Northumberland. They were ex
pefted to embark about the Bth irrft.
OnTuefday his majelty’s warrant
for anew charter to the royal bank
of Edinburgh, was received there,
and their capital increased from fix
imndied thousand pounds to a million.
AUGUST 23.
The court of Naples, which has
hitherto observed an exaft neutrality,
wish refpeft to the French, has at
length acceded, on the felicitations
of tjjic court of London, to the coali
tioaof powers for the deftruftiou of
anarchy in the unhappy kingdom of
France. Naples is to furnifli 6coo
men, arid 40 gun barks.
A private expedition is immediately
to take place, luppofed to the W est
Indies, under the command of fir
William Howe, who is to have under
him four major generals, viz. Alex
antier Stewart, Lieutenant coionel of
the 3d foot, James Coates, of the
19th, John Leland, and Ralph Dun
das, with twelve regiments of foot ;
seven from England, and five from
Ireland. The l'even Englilh ones arc
all under orders at this moment, viz.
the 3d, 12th, 4id, 54th, 58th, 59th,
and 63d ; the Irish ones are hourly
expected ; the 64th and 7.oth arc
two of them. They arie all to ren
dezvous at Portsmouth, and are ex
pefted to fail in about a month, or
five weeks at fartheft.
The emperor has consented to the
re-eftabliftunent of the monasteries,
in Flanders-, liipprefled by his uncle,
Joleph 1. in 1783, reserving to him
lelt the property which his uncle Jo
seph had seized upon.
AUGUST 28.
Lord Amherst has ilTued an order
for all the officers abl’ent from the
regiments in the Weft Indies, to join
immediately ‘ and it is laid that twelve
thousand men are to be sent thither.
Advices from the head-quarters of
the allies, dated Herin, August 17,
fay, “ this morning, at five o’clock,
the prince de Hohentohe ihade a vigo
rous attack on the French entrench
ments in the sorest of Marmal, and
after a contiift of nine hours, drove
them from each fuccelfively, and at
length from the sorest itfelf; 500 of
the French were left dead on the spot,
amongst whom was their commander;
the pri (oners amounted to two hun
dred, amongst whom were two colo
nels, and several officers. Out” loss
does not exceed fifty men killed and
wounded. The prince de Hohenlohe
lias not only got poffeflion of ihe so
rest, but also of Vilieraux, Jolimez,
Lcuvignies, Preux, Lcquignol, Grand
Carrierc, liecq, and Borlalmont—
File enemy, with their scattered
forces, lied towards Maubege, Oiief
ndy, and Landrecy.”
AUGUST 2<J.
THeheroifm of the excellent young
prince Erne ft, in the affair near
Bouchain, has not been correftly
dated. It was thus :
His highness, at the head of fome
Hanoverian cavalry, being eager in
the purfuit,exceedingly well mounted,
and being likewile near-lighted, rode
so far from his detachment, that of a
Hidden he was fiirrounded by five
French troopers.
They perceiving him alone, imme
diately came up to him. The firll
that advanced towards him, aimed a
blow at his head with a fey meter,
which took the corner of his hat : but
the prince, pulling out a pistol, shot
him dead on the spot.
A second likewise, aiming a blow at
his highness, was shot by him in the
Ihoulder, and fell to the ground.
A third, on coming up to the prince,
Had his head almolt fevered from his
body by his sword.
A fourth,- seizing him by his sword
belt, and endeavouring to drag the
prince from his horse, was himfelf
seized by his royal highness, pulled
from his own horse, and thrown
acrofsthe neck of the prince’s charger.
By this time the Hanoverians milling
him, a party caine up to his relief, and
the French trooper was carried by his
royal highness across his horse, until
he joined the main body !
MODERN IMPROVEMENTS.
Many church yards in and about
this metropolis have recently been
planted with trees, and beautifully
ornamented with gravel walks, See.
—1 he gaiety of the age pervades the
gloomitft recefles : the mournful yew
has been supplanted by the more lively
popla r.
A detach 7t3 H of the royal artillery
consisting of two captains, eight lub
alterns, and two hundred and fifty
men, commanded by major Huddle
ftone, embark and yesterday from Wool
wich for Dunkirk. They carry with
them large iron mortars on iron car
riages, and a great train of battering
artillery.
SEPTEMBER 4-
The French have nine gun-boats
at Dunkirk, each carrying two or four
twenty-four pounders, which run
ning close into the shore, greatly an
noy our troops employed in the liege
of that town.
The under the duke of York,
employed £t the siege of Dunkirk,
amounts tcWfi6,ocO men.
The Rumlfn fleet, after having
made an idle parade in the Baltic for
fomfe Weeks part, has returned to Co
penhagen. We have ever been of
opinion, that her imperial majesty was
much more intent on dividing Poland
than in fending forces agaiiift the
French rebels, whom she profefles to
hold in fucli abhorrence.
The deserters of the French cavalry,
of which the republic Hands'moil in
need, are not confined .o thole troops
which have been stationed on the
northern frontiers : the whole body
of the cavalry belonging to the army
of the Saris Culottes before Lyons,
have defected, and pafied oVer to the
royalists in Lyons, which city is sup
posed to be in fufficient strength to
oppose any force that can be spared to
aft: against it. The demands made
by the Sans Culottes chief, Dubois
Crance, of money and the heads of
the royalists, have met with univerfa!
detestation.
. SEPTEMBER 7.
We are happy in being able to lay
before the public a continuation of the
detail of the operations carried on
against Dunkirk, by which our read
ers will fee, that so late as the morn
injr of the 4th, the army under the;
command of his royal highneft > _l u ft ea d
of meeting with any serious disaster,
as fome late rumours seemed to indL
cate, was still before the place, and
carrying on with vigour the measures
neceflary for reducing it.
In a few days Dunkirk will be at
tacked on all sides at once with the
utmost vivacity. The.land army, it
would appear, will make two princi
pal attacks, while the squadron which
has already arrived before that place,
will form a third no less powerful.—-
We are allured, that the merchants of
that city have already made represen
tations to the commandant, begging
that he would not ftjffer Dunkirk to
be destroyed for no purpose, as was
Valenciennes. These representations
were so badly received, that the go
vernor threatened to hangup the flrft
man who should dare to speak of a
capitulation. The garrison of Dun
kirk is partly composed of the troops
who last winter attempted the con
quest of Elolland.
Camp before Dunkirk, Sebt. 3.
An officer of the navy reached the
camp this morning, in twenty*four
hours from the Downs, charged with
dispatches for his royal highness the
duke of York. By rhele the duke was
informed, that two fury gun fliips,
fome frigates and bomb ketches were
under orders to proceed immediately
for Dunkirk, to co-operate wfith the
land forces in the reduction of the
place. We anxiously look for their
arrival, as an event which cannot fail
to facilitate our operations against the
enemy, by dividing their attention,
and their forces, for the defence of
both the fca and land fide.
Our artillery, during the w hole of
this day, have been very bnfilv em
ployed in. removing guns from the
park to the lines. Fafcines and ga
bions are making as fall as poflible,
and at last things begin to wear tlit*
appearance of a liege.