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INDISTINCT COPY
ARCTIC LAND EXPEDITION.
Dispatches were received yesterday morning
by the Royal Geographies! Society, from Ca;»t.
Pack, and the following retracts, cuatsiuing tuo
most interesting portiousof Ins narrative, are pub
lished for the iuform.itioii of the public, li is 1
i ill! TALLY TRADE.
i if tciiviwing curious article, is from a late
English publication.
Tally Trade. the name given to a system
ot dealing carried on in London aud other
laige towns, by which shopkeepers furnish
certain articles on credit to their customers,
the latter ngr eirtg to pay the stipulated price
by certain weekly or monthly instalments.—
In tlto metropolis there are about 00 or TO tal
ly-shops of note; and from 50U to COO on a
smaller scale. They are also spread over the
country to a considerable extent, particularly
in the manufacturing districts. The custo
mers of the tally shops are mostly women;
consisting pi incipnlly of tho wives of laborers,
mechanics, porters, &o. servant girls, and fe
males of loose character—few only of the
respectable classes have been infatuated e-
nough to resort to them. Drapery goods,
wearing appai cl. coals, household furniture,
ltardtv ire, Arc. are furnished, and even funer
als are performed; hut few or no articles of
food, except tea, are sold upon the tally plan.
Wo believe that this is the very worst mode
in which credit is aflbrdod The facility ^
which it gives of obtaining an article when ter from the resident Governor, Mr. Simpson,
wanted, and the notion so apt to be entertain- ! intimating a wish that lie should accompany the
ed that the wccklv or monthly instalments [ expedition; aud 1 am sure you will be Inppy to
may he paid withonidifficulty makes those who i« arn *‘ ,Mt Le immediately consented to place
resort to the tally shops, overlook the exorbi- • h,mse,f “"der mv orders, aud undertake the man-
,*..*! , , . j ngement of the Indians at our winter quarters,
•mt price, <111,1 usual hail quality, of tho nrlt- . Q n gur reaching Fort Chippewnvan. we made
ties they obtain from them, and generates Itab- C very inquiry relating to the directions of the
its ol improvidence that seldom tail to involve rive s that debouched at or about the Ford do
Lac, aud though there evidently appeared to be
a nearer way to the ltarreu Grounds than Ii the
circuitous uuc originally intended to he followed,
yet the vague aud unsatisfactory answers cf the
Indians, together with their obvious ignorance of
the distauce to the Great Fish Diver, made tin*
at once decide to go by tho Great Slave Lake.
It was the 7th of August when rve landed at
about two feet high, and ou the 7th concluded
the journey, by arriviug at the east end of the
Great Slave Lake, where I had previously di*
reeled Mr. Ai'Leod to comracuec the building
establishment.
file two boats under Mr. Cing got to us ex-
gratifting to observe the good spiriu in which fie ! uc, ly ;i week after, aud it is satisfactory to
writes, aud the entire success of the preliminary that most of the stores, tec. were uu aia-
tit 16:3.1. \
operations:—
Fort Reliance,
Fust end of Great Slave Lak
December 7tit
I overtook Mr. King nt Cumberland house,
and got hint fairly off, with the two botes heavi
ly laden 12.j packages of TO ibs. each, by the 7;ti
of June.
The account! I had received from eiffereut
persons of the low state of the water in setae of
the rivers, foreboded considerable dett attou t"
the boats; and, other circumstance* con
sidered, it whs evident to mo that they could not
reach the eastern eud of the Stave Lake before
the commencement of the cold weather. Gtv
mg up all hopes of seeing them again before the
aei^miplLlimeni of my piaus, 1 sliinul-ted my
crew to the utmost and actually worked them,
until my arrival at Fort Chippcwav in. which
was about the end of July, for 8 hoars a day.
On my route. I met Mr. M’Letxi, an old ac
quaintance of miue, aud for whom I bad :■ let-
tore probably a larger population ton any {^ r p d ^£®°j£ h ^too P ofpeHl/m^the
district of equal extent in the United State:
but the Cany of Texas is capable of support
ing a larger population than Lafourche.
You are curious to know the cause of this
extraordinary fertility. It is this. The soil is
impregnated with muriate of soda. Incrusta
tions of salt are found in dry weather, in many
p'aces, upon the surface of the ground resem
bling frost upon a plank in a cold morning.
These spots are small and destitute of vegeta
tion. Wells dug in these places give water
strong enough to float an egg; and at a little
distance perhaps find wells of good fresh water
—Init many of the wells near tho sea coast
afford water having something of a gun-powder
smell.
- It is in the neighborhood of the sea coast
considering this aud the eutrauce of the. , iat thcs( , ^ n(Js are niost frequently
zie Diver as the two extremes of Great! . , °
Our winter house I have called “Fort Deli-,
auce. from a feeling of dependence on that
Providence which will always support us amidst
every trial to which we may be exposed. It is
situated ou a s.vul point iu*a deep bay, which
receives two small rapid streams from the north
ward, and is surrottuded by luouutaius of red mi
caceous granite and gneiss.
Fort Reliance is m latitude 0*2 deg, 48 min.
la see. N. aud longitude J(J9 deg. 10 min. Vf.
the variation of the needle beiug 25 deg. 41 min.
E. and
Mackenzie
Slave Lake, it will lie found to equal Lake Mich- j T . , , , r r„„t:„„
igan in length, ami may therefore be considered i The Sea Island cot on planters of Carolina
as i he second lar-est lake in America. and Georgia manure their lands with salt-mud. --—---. ... .... .
••I h i . n a very compact observatory built. Here ndture has manured the land, and invites solution. Their o tjectiou to t eoa 4 • • r
where the pet die is performing its diurnal func- tho cultivator. Texas will one day produce
turns wail more or less regulari'y, according to j niore Sea Island cotton than all the coasts of
the parties in irretrievable ruin. It is not go
ing too far to say that ninc-tonlhs of the arti
cles sitpplied'by tally shops might be dispensed
with. As already observed women : te the
principal customers; and it is not easy to ex
aggerate the mischief that lias been entailed
on the families of many industrious laborers o „
by their wives having got entangled with tally , Fort Desolation, owing to the detentions incur
shops. They hey goods without the knoxvl
edge of their husbands, and these are not ttu-
frequcntly pawned, and the proceeds spent in
gin. So destructive, indeed, is the operation
ol the system, that the establishment ol a tal
ly shop, in any district, is almost certain to oc
casion an increase in the paupers belonging
to it. Even the unmarried females who do
not pay arc demoralized and ruined by* the
system: because, if a woman who buys three
gowns, pays for the two first, aud runs awav j
red by scuding to the Sal Plains (a little to the
westward of the Slave Diver) for a wiuter’s ‘tuik
of that invaluable article.
Many Indians had assembled at this trading
K )st, and the*r principal chief, Le Grand Jeune
omme, was watiiug niv arrival, under a sort cf
promise held out to him that be should accompa
ny me. DulasI was fully aware that his servi
ces must he purchased at a greater rate than our
limited means couid afford, and that lie knew
nothiug about the country t<> tile eastward, I was
Ule appearance of the aurora, or other atmos-
pliciic phenomena. The dip, magnetic force,
tec. have also been ascertained, not* am I con
scious of having omitted any thing that tho friend
ami
ditiou
the Atlantic North of Florida. The soil along
common cause, denied the rights of conscience
and opmiou in tho land of the free; and pro
scribed, expatriated, or, perhaps, externunatec
for a patriotic and conscientious adherence to
those principles which alone cau bind our Union
in harmony, and perpetuate the liberties of our
country. If history should record such a talc on
her dishonored page, the shame and reproach
will not rest on the martyred minority of South
Carolina, and the knell of their destroy will awa
kes too late the repentant feeling in ‘hose who
could have extended timely aid to tho Spartan
band, but would not.
lfut it may be said, as it has beeu often^ most
unjustly said that the Unionists of south Caroli
na have attached a meauiug to th“ test oath
which it does not legitimately bear, especially ns
oaths similar in terms are required oy other
States without objection from their citizens.*—
The Unionists readily admit that the oath is in
terms not exceptionable, as they fully recognize
their allegiance to the State, to the full extent ot
her reserved sovereignty under the Federal Con-
reason of its connexion with the Ordinance of
Convention, ordaining allegiance to he duo to
the State exclusively, an allegiance hevond the
reserved sovereignty of the State and therefore
icious ot having omitted auy thing unit mo ir.cuus .. . , , .
inti projectors of the scientific part of this expe-! ordinary high tides, and so !i< <
iitiou may have expected from uie.” I may gallop Ins horse on terra lirma, to the
tlie sea coast appears to ho niarsli-mud, from | inconsistent with the Federal Constitution, ami
which the waters have retired. It is above all
Corresj. ondtnes of the Sac Orleans Bulletin.
Gulf Praiiue, (Texas,) June 28.
Dear Sir:
You wish to know what there is that I (Us- j
like ia Fexas, ami for ivhat 1 like the couu- j over some of the Lnd—hut the same hurricane
would flood the citV of New Orleans and all
man
very
sea shore.
From (lalvston bay south-west-vrard there
is less low, wet, marsh land, than in any simi
lar extent ol sea coast in the United States.
It is true a hurricane might bring the water
the plantations of lower Louisiana.
The land rises as you pass inland—but less
than two feet to the mile and is so much undu
lating as to let the water pass off easily
There is a herder of prairie.
glad to comprotniso the affair, aud reward him
«i„. .cii i • • i ,or l° ss l ‘ino by a present of the value of
•rom tiie payment of the last, she gains nothing! 40 heaver skins. ' 1
in point of saving, while she becomes iudifler- I The season was advancing too fast to admit
cut to an act of dishorn sty. As tally debts I of any more delay, and beiug unable to procure
can only he collected whilst a supplv of goods j a guide to tho Thlew-ee-cho-dezeth from amoug
is kept up, as soon as that supply is stopped, j the Indian*, not one of whom possessed a know!
1 will tell you. You shall have a fair ac
count of tho evil as well as of the good. 13ui
the story is too long for one letter—30 I will
make a beginning in tins, anil finish it in a Fu
ture episiu*.
The worse and sorest evil of the. country it! miles broad, between the timber
must he admitted, is ihe unsettled state of I sea. The shore a fiords no trees, hut plenty
the Government. The uncertainty—the dread j of timber. Pieces of wood of all softs,shapes,
that rests upon men’s minds liiui tlieir proper- | and dimensions, are brou« lit here by tho pre-
ty is not secure—ihat the opppressor may ■ vailing easterly winds.
eo in iii aim deprive them of their homes—of j Look out front your city upon the “Father
tlieir means of substances—of their Liberty, of Water’s,” and hail gigantic representatives
The evil is imaginary for in truth a man is as) of the fotests of the north as they pass with
secure in his person aud property in this coun- 'roots and linths aloft, Ask “Where hound'?”
and they will will answer “Texas.”
The timbers, plunks, and spars of ships—
broken aiul scattered !>v tho tempest of the
try, at ths yme, as he would he in any frontier
soilh'iucm in the United States. But .appre
hended calamities and imaginary evils are
tpc. chief causes of unhappiness in this world. J great ssa—finding a resting place upon this
Time will secure this complaint. The j shore,
courtry is becoming populous. People pos
sessing courage and intelligence are flocking
from the Eatt and the West and the North.
New inhabitants are springing up, upon the
border of every prairie—upon the skirls oi ev
ery forest.
theirduty as citizens of the Uuion is detnandci.
of them. That such is the import of the oath,
is uo longer disguised even by the nuihliers iu
South Carolina, although they do still hold out
deceptive glosses for the purposjofeffect abroad
The Constitution of the State already required
au oath from every public officer to preserve,
protect, and defend the Constitution of the State
aud of the United States, and the exaction of au
additional oath of allegiauce, by a nullifying
Legislature, in obedience to the edict of a nulli
fying Convention, would of itself have bceu suffi
cient to awaken suspicion, and show that more
was meaut than was allowed to meet the eye;
but as the Convention had actually ordained the
meaning of the terra, which the Legislature, em-
, five or six powered by it to act on the subject matter, subse-
land and the j quently employed, no rational doubt ol tiie true
import of the aalli cau linger in the mind It is
now perfectly understood by both parties in South
Carolina that he who takes the test oath swears to
the truth of the dogmas of nullification, and hinds
himself, by the most sacred of human obligations,
logo with the State, whenever she may, in juture,
think fit to nullify an act of the General Govern
ment. To put this matter beyond all possible
doubt or controversy, the following extract from
the opiuiou of Judge Harper, who constituted the
nullifying minority of the Court of Appeals, iu
the receut decision ou the test oath, is submit
ted to the candid reader:
“Allegiance means the duty ol fidelity nu<! o-
. Iiedieace—that obedience which iu matters ol
1 he rushing waters sweep villages lrom the j Government, is due, in preference to all other o-
tiiird defeat, and they have no man besides,
that could uuite so many chances in his per
son, who is not already arranged in liis place.
Richard W. Habersham is Spoken of, and would
be u much more formidable opponent than
Judge Clayton. But it is the prevailing be
lief, if Col. Cumming can be fairly considered
by his own consent, before the people, for the
Executive Chair, that he will have no opposi
tion. H<- is also spoken of fir the vacancy in
tit. U. S. Senate ; but believing Col. Cum
in ing does not desire it, it is thought Judge
Wayne’s readiness in debate and promptness
in every situation, point out him, if lie desires
it, as the most suitable person to encounter the
terrible battery of talent, which, in the Senate,
would seal up the moLtli of every ordinary
man in eternal silence. Few men can be found
who would repair the breaches with the same
facility Forsyth has done, and at the same time
hurl hack so destructive a fire, as to mingle
the notes of wailir.g w ith tlieir shout of triumph.
Gen Flournoy too has been indicated. He is
an accomplished debater, and has the part
and dignity of the Senator in perfection. Col.
Allred Cuthbert has also been mentioned; but
I shall by continuing an enumeration of our
great men, confirm the impression of our oppo
nents, that nothing like six years will elapse,
before the Union party will quarrel about the
“loaves and fishes” and split and then they
will come iu and sweep the platter. But they*
need not lay the flatttering unction to their
souls. Oflice is what they want, and those,
now in are straining evety nerve to maintain
tlieir positions. And some of their personal
jriends are so regardless of political consisten
cy, that they support a ticket, identified in
their convictions, with national convulsion and
separation, avowedly to keep them in posses
sion of tlieir official salaries. I cannot help
expressing my surprise and astonishment at
such a disregard of principle and the dictates
of common sense. But I have done.
urttitu-
It was
debt to he paid hv weekly or monthly instal- j rickety craft, I commenced the survey towards
meats. But it often occurs, from the wife the north east. Our course first lay iu the (li
mit being able to keep up such payments, tiiat j ration of the Divicrc a Jean, aud along the low
exmmtiim issues^aud the poor husband is fre. swampy shores of the lake, then across to tin-
nttemiy arrested ana Idjgeinn prison, nil mcrous islands, which led us to the north side of
1 | • »«•.«* , f "in Hurl* ! Tnn sWnwrv- »»•*•*-*• ««■ .•« ■
den,, Me existence ol winch he was entirety
ignorant. In this way numbers of tho work
ing classes are completely ruined; they lose
: hanks of the Ohio—the fragments arc strewed
! upon the const of Texas.
Every thing is attracted to this land. It is
I a mighty magnet, attracting alike the smallest
| mote and the proudest productions of crea
tion.
Ii is the paradise of Herdsmen.
The gardners of Italy and France are invi-
their employment, mid themselves and fami
lies are reduced to beggary. The intcllisrent
keeper of White cross street prison (Mr. Bar
rett,) states that from loO to 200 persons are
annually imprisoned there for tally shop debts
in sum* of front 10s to 51. and that in one
year thirty prisoners were at the suit ol one
tally shop alone! Such consequence as is be
lieved, of the Court of Requests discouraging
the tally system, by ordering claims of this
kind to be paid by extremely smallUisv<i\mcn&,
and those at very distant intervals; and also,
in consequence of no composition being allow
ed by the charities for the relief of poor prison-
v « rs with reference to such debts. It is esti
mated that in London alone about £350,000,
or 11 ear£1,000,000, sterling, is annually re
turned in this trade. From his larye profits
(generally from 25 to 40 p«r cent,) it is obvi
ous that iu a few transactions the tally shop
keeper becomes independent of the existing
debt; and with capital and good management,
it is said tint some have realised considerable
sunt of money iu this business. According to
the custom ol’ilte trade, Mondays, Tuesdays,
\Y ed lies Jays and Tlturdays, are the days set
apart for collecting money from the customers.
Tin t diyman sends round his collector through
the dificrmit “walks,” and the amount of a
collection, which keeps the collector engaged
front morning till night, even in a good tally
concern, seldom exceeds £4 a day. The
payments are invariably made in shillings and
sixpences—hut the people seldom or never pay
»t the tally shops; they rarely call there un
less something else is wanted; The tally shop
keeper trusts one party on the recommenda
tion of another; but guarantees are never re
quired—cert.ii :lv no written guarantees; and
« verbal 'guarantee is, according t6 Lord T011-
ter Jett’s Act, not binding. It is pari cf the
collect rs’ business, besides getting money, to
heat up fresh customers in his walk. The
greater number of the small tally concerns are
kepi by Scotchmen; it-isa curious fact that
when a tallv walk is to he sold, which is often
tho case, a Scotchmen^ walk will be 1C per
cent, more than an Englisninn’s! It is belie
ved to contain a better description of custo
mers. From the causes above mentioned, as
sisted perhaps,' by the salutary influence of
Saving’s R inks, this obnoxious trade is under
stood to he rather on the wano. It will nov
el, however, he completely rooted out except
by adopting the plan for placing all small debts
* Vo..1 the pale of the Jaw; and the fact that
* ■ <et ption of this ^lan would have so benc-
6:raf a result,' is an additional and powerful
recommendation iaits fayor. Incases whore
* dures take place, the creditors ofat.'Ulv shop
/ :n*r are in general terrified into the accept-
“ f \ small composition. The very sight
tady ledgers, from ten to twenty in num-
,"oer, containing debt* from 5s to £5, Jotted o-
vi r the pages like a small pattern on a piece of
printed cotton, and .spread over every districi
i i and round London, determines the creditors
tceept of any ofler, howoyer small, rather
.•counter the collection of such disre-
!>-ets. In -.tn affair of 4hts kind rc-
" hidc l where the business was-nn-
1 •tnanr of a respectable account-
v, Me whole debts due to the
. 1 tnd doubtful, amounted to
r of debtors was 7600,
• J T * *L’• .)f 22s lOJeach
jD«*i uus tauyua. vvmicii icu us iu iuc uu
tIlC ittKe ;HlP'5reurry mere wtra nm»|
most criggy ntfil picturesque rocks—mostly pri-
mite, ami consisting of flesh colored field spar
ard quartz, with a few trees of inconsiderable
size.
As we advanced, the appearaucc became more
imposing, from the circuuistaiice of the granite,
or rather tho last formation, yielding to the trap,
which displayed itself iu loug parallel ranges of
tmlural precipices, that not unfreqticutly extend
ed to the horizon.
Iu two places the southern shore approaches
within a mile of the northern, aud the detreits
thus formed have never been kuown to freeze.
.More iliaii ouc island had a columnar or bas
altic form on the precipitous or south-west side.
Tito water, under the tarpid yellow we had left,
was now of transparent blue, and so cold that
ice often formed during the night.
1 had now got to lat- (12 deg. 51 min. 30 sec
N. and long, lOOdcg. 25 min, \\ T ., and could
perceive a long blue point stretching to the 3.
S.. which my Indian said we must rouud, or
make a portage to get to the eastern extremity »*f
Great Slave Lake. ‘There, continued he, you
will find a river (1 know not what the Great
Chief may do,) hut wc who arc horn hero can
not nscctid. Upon further iuquiry I found he
was right, ami that some time would he saved
by taking a more direct course, which could on
ly he effected by following tho uncertain handing
of the steam that lie called ‘Hoar Frost Diver !
Ou our rounding a point, this presented itself iu
a cataract of 70 feet desent, and discouraging as
this was, and still more to the range of moun
tains through which it forced its passage, we
commenced the operation of transporting the
canoe and baggage over lull and valley, full 1700
foot, the greatest difficulty consisting in, convey
ing the canoe through the fallen and ciuauglcd
wood. Tho numerous rapids iu tile liver annoy
ed and delayed us, hut the next day we passed
the woods, aud entered a large lako iu tho bar
ren grounds. The lat, oi its southern extremity
is (13 deg. 24 min. 23 see. N. long. 108 deg. Ii
min. W. ora little to the northward of the Ghca-
adawd Lake of llcartto, which, however, is not
known by tbo natives. N
Iu making a succession of portages, from lako
to lake, I crossed the same' traveller’s line of
route, and fell on a lake of«uch magnitude as to
be bounded on tho E. by E. by the horizon. Iu
au N. E. direction it led us to a river, which we
went up, again launched the canoe 011 another
extensive sheet of water. Wc were bewildered
several times among islands ami deep bays, still
I kept going to tho N* E. direction I was the
more assured the river must be, from tho general
flatness of the surrounding laud, and particularly
from the north west dip of a few sand hills that
were occasionally seen to the northward.
After being three days on the same lake, I en-
eampod amoug some sand hills at the bottom of
a buy, and ib-spatclicd the men in too parties to
look for the Thlew-ec-clio-dexetb, the source of
which' I accidentally discovered while occupied
iu taking some angle from the summit of
hill.
At this day, Texas, if she wished it, could
declare herself an Independent nation; and
could maintain it too, by the sword. At a-
riother time I will give you her reasons for not j ted. The one will find rich plains which e-
wisiiing to separate from Mexico. She has veil the fertile fields oi’ Lombards cannot sur-
vviihni l.er natural boundaries a territory as ! pass. They cither may prune his olive and
extensive a> tiie Kingdom orrn * ^— ~
territory
X ranter, n mf -smr
is capable of supporting as large a population
as France. More than thirty millions.
We feel here forcibly the truth of Mr. Jef
ferson’s assertion in the Declaration of Inde
pendence, that experience proved that the
people were naturally disposed to submit to
the inconvenience of a had Government—so
long as they were supportable—rather titan
resort to forcible means for establishing a bet
ter.
Texas complains of being oppressed by the
Federal Government of Mexico. She feeU
the want of a local Slate Government. Mex
ico refuses her the privilege of becoming a
member of the confederation—Although it is a
privilege which she has a right to claim by a
supreme a d irrevocable law oi the land.
Colouel Austin, the Agent of Texas, is de
tained iu prison at the citv «>f Mt xico, ;md
taius -as lovely as skirt the shores of the Medi
terranean.
Yours, D.
From the National Intelligencer.
TIIE S. CAROLINA TEST OATH.
Messrs. Editors:—The true character and
great importance of the controversy uow wagjng
between the rival parties in South Carolina,
seciits not to be properly understood or appre
ciated throughout the Union; and I appeal to
your characteristic sense of justice ami caudor
for tho insertion of the following statement:
Iu the month of March, 1833, after the pas
sage, by Congress, of the Force and Comprom
ise Tariff Bills, the Convention of South Caro
lina, which had nullified the.previous tariff, re
assembled aud after accepting the Compromise,
aud nullifying the Force BUI, passed the follow
ing ordinance.
We do further ordain aud declare that the
charged with treason, for advocating this the ■ r.l.'giance of the citizens of this State, while they
legal claim of his constituents. Wc tire not 1 continue such, is due to the said State, and that
yet satisfactorily assured of his ac initial aud J obedience ONLY, and NOT alleg-iance, is
released * I due by them to any other power or authority,
.. . 1 - 1 m 1 • . to whom a control over them has been, or mav
CeaItutla, to winch Texas is umted against |)p> dele|?alct| , lhe s ,ate; and that the General
her will, make laws, nrui^ oi winch remain «i t Assembly of the said* State is hereby empowered,
dead letter in Texas, and such ot thorn only, j from time to time, when they may deem it pro
as suit the views of the colonists are executed, j per, to provide for :he administration to tho citi-
Tite people elect tlieir own magistrates, and I zeus and officers of the State, or such of the said
justice is administered upon the broad grounds i officers as they may think fit, of suitable oaths or
of natural right and wrong, without examining j affirmations binding them to tljo observance of
written ..wins ’ SUC “ A**US®IA»CE, aild ABJURING ALL OTHER
v „,. L , , , .... allegiance, and also to define ivhat shall amount
lhe cohmists, when they accepted the invi- to a violation of their allegiance, and to provide
tattun M settle iu tins country, expected that the proper punishment of such violation.”
they were In a Republic—a Government, in! Allegiance having been thus ordained by the
which every man is entitled to a voice in nta- j Convention to be exclusively duo to tho State,
king the laws; and they are not willing to re- i *bc Legislature empowered to administer suitable
On the third day the people returned, having
fallen ou tho river at some distance from us.—
The canoe was immediately carried to the stream,
which is uarrow in some parts, aud connected
with a chain of small lakes by detroits aud rap
ids. I could not forbear giving my poor voya
gers a glass of grog on this occasion, after which
grateful ceremony we pursued the meandering
of the current, sometimes with ice ou each
hank, till the 1st September, when my little ca
noe was so shattered, tbo nights were so cold,
the country totally destitute of wood, aud
the men fairly exhausted, that I could not with
any degree of prudence incur futthcr risk this
season.
The place whence I returned is in latitude
(53 <1eg. 4J min. N. and longitude' JW* deg. 12
min. \\. n!>out i !;i miles E. i.f Fort Enterprize.
nod only Jj00 miles front the nearest part of Bath-
rtist Inlet.
We had been 14 days without wood, aud on
the 5th of ■Scpteln’icr get to the first dwarf pines, j
liuquish a right which they claim as inherent
and unalienable. They cannot forget that the
people are sovereign—that the layvs whi 'It af
fect themselves iu their concerns, should he
made by themselves.
This right, they waive temporarily, hut will
never relinquish; and Mexico could not wrest it
from them.
This evii of an imperfect Government is hut
a temporary evil. It will he cured before
long in one way or another. People are not
naturally dispjscd to quarrel with good laws—
let them spring from what source they will.
The Legislature of Coahuila have lately o-
nacted some saint.,ry laws, by. which Texas
will he greatly benefitted and,.this will go lar
towards healing the breaches and renouncing
Texas to continue partnership a while longer.
It is understood, that by those laws, the ju
diciary system is changed. * Tiie trial by
jury is established. All Religions arc tolera
ted; and now a man may freely worship his
Gnd “according to the dictates of his own con
science.”
There is not a Church of any denomination
in Austin’s old Colony, a district of country
one hundred and twenty miles bro..d by 011c
hundred any fifty in length and containing al
ready several thousand families: and such is
the fertility of soil and salubrity of climate,
tiiat the population may be increased bey end
the conceptions of the untravclled multitude.
In my rambles, I have visited the hanks of
the River Roanoke, James, Potomac, Dela
ware, Hudson, Connecticut, Merximac, Ken
nebec, Genesee, Niagara, Detroit, Wabash,
Miami, Scioto; Ohio, Kentucky, Cumberland,
Tennessee, Alabama, and Mississippi, and on
none of these have I found a spot capable of
supporting so largo a population as some in
this country. Your own Bayon Lafourche of
oaths to the citizens or officers of the State, bin
ding them to tho observance of such allegi
ance, assembled iu December last, and passed
an act “to provide for the military organization
of the State,” by which they vacated every
militaiy commission iu the State, and required
every militia officer, chosen or appointed under
the new system, to take under pain of tho forfei
ture of his commission, in addition to the then
constitutional oath, “to preserve, protect bud de
fend the Constitution of the State and of the U-
tiited States,” the following oath:
“I A. B. do solemnly swear or affirm, (as the
case may be) that I will be faithful, and true al
legiance bear, to tbo State of South Carolina:
so help me God J”
Tiie same Legislature which passod this oath,
proposed and carried throiigliits first or incipi
ent stage an amendment of tho State Constitu
tion, incorporating into one the constitutional
oath, and the oath in the Military Bill, as the
oath to he administered to all the civil officers
of the State.
To these proceedings of tho Convention and
Legislature of South Carolina, tho present bit
ter controversy between the two parties iu the
State owes its origin; and it is obvious that they
involve principle* which concern not only the
harmony but tho very existence of our Uuion.
The Uuion Party feel proudly conscious, that iu
opposing the exaction of n Test Oath, which de
mands of them tho acknowledgement of exclu
sive allegiance, to, aud exclusive sovereignty iu
tho State, and the consequent abjuration of alle
giance to, and denial of sovereignty iu tho Union,
they are still fightingthc great battle of tho Uu
ion against Nullification, uow only insidious but
not tho loss dangerous than formerly; and,
therefore, that they have a right to tho eutirc
sympathy of their former friends; aud that the
more especially, as the contest in a spirit of in-
satinto vengeance, is notv waged against them
exclusively, instead of being directed, against tho
Uuion at large. It is scarcely credible, that af
ter a proper understanding of the subject, the
great Uniou Party of our republic will calmly
stand by and behold with hearts unmoved to
bedicucc. From its very definition, therefore,
i it is incapable of being divided ; and we should
he beating the air, if investigating the subject be
fore us, we failed to cuquire where that first and
highest obedience of a eitizeu of this Slate is
dae. That the Legislature, iu passing tho act
used the term iu the sense which I have atnibu
ted to it, I thiuk, will haruly he questioned. By
the Ordiuance of the Convention, passed ou the
18th of March, 1833, it was declared “that the
allegiance of the citizens of this State, vvliile
they continue such, is due to the said Sta:e;
aud that obedience only, aud not allegiance is
due ~ny lliwb «., utiicr power or auiuoflty ttr
whom a control over them has been or may be
delegated by the State.” This Ordinance evi
dently contemplates the distinction to which l
have referred, between the inferior obedieiw
due to other public authorities and the para
mount obedience, or allegiance, which is due to the
sovereign authority of the State. Whether the
act of the Legislature be regarded as tounded
011 the authority of tho Ordinance or not, the
latter may be properly referred to as a public ex
pression of the sense of the State, affixing a
meaning to the term, and I believe that no one in
good faith doubts but that the Lesriiluture diu iu
tend to use it in this sense, and no other.
It may be thought, however, that the contest
in South Carolina, is uow over, byreasou of the
recent decision of the Court of Appeals against
the test oath, aud the refusal of Gov. Hayut*
forthwith to convene the Legislature. So far is
the contest from being over, that the tiulhfiers
themselves proclaim it to be just begun. Th<-
progressing amendment of the State Coustitu
tiou, which will most assuredly be passed by the
Legislature, if the nuilifiers succeed at the coir'
ing elections retaining tlieir preseut majority, is
when considered iu connexion with the-Ordi
nance of Convention, obnoxious to the identica
objection urged against the oath in the militan
bill; and the nuilifiers make no secret of tlieir in
•eutiou, either to abolish the present Court of Ap
peals, or at least to scud to it a sufficient number
of Judges, agreeing in political doetriue wit!
themselves, to ensure a decision in tlieir favor, on
the principle of the Ordinance. The contest, then,
is only postponed, not ended; aud the Union par
ty will be compelled once more to take the field ot
argument, and may be driven to the field of arms
to maintain tho hallowed creed of Union and Lib
erty, one aiul inseparable, bequeathed them In
their father.
A CITIZEN OF SOUTH CAROLINA
CHEERING INTELLIGENCE.
Wo have conversed with intelligent indi
viduals iu attendance on the Iatp Commence
ment from every quarter of the State, on the
subject of the present attitude ol politico:
parties; and are happy to announce that,
front information received, we are convinced
tiie Union Party is not only greatly in the as
cendency, but acquiring strength daily. W«-
have now but little doubt that we shall have
in the next legislature, a clear, majority of' 40
on joint ballot, and that the whole Union Tick
et for Congress will be elected by a handsnm
majority. We would say, howeVer, to th
friends of the Constitutionand Uuion, be “wide
awake,” and let not your too sanguine antici
pations lull you into false security, or else the
industry, cunning and duplicity of your oppo
nents, may blast them forever.—ib.
Louisiana, supports, exclusively lrom agncul- sympathy, and arms unready for the rescue, the
From the Augusta Chronicle.
Athens, August 5, 1834.
I might give you a great deal of chit chat,
tiiat would amount to nothing at last. This
one asks, who is to be next Governor—that
one, who will fill Forsyth’s place; and a thou
sand conjectures distract the public, mind.—
One tiling, I think, is clear, that Co!. William
Cumming will be the next Governor, if he
will consent to stand the nomination of his po
litical friends. In fact, botli parties are bis
friends, and I should not be surprised, if lie
received a tender of the support of his oppo
site party. Such a tiling, I know, has been
whispered, propably to feel how things might
be arranged to suit their wishes in the event of
his election; for they arc fast verging to the
public expression of the belief that your old
friend Judge Clayton would be chosen to slay
ut home. Major Crawford will hardly risk a
FRANKLIN COLLEGE.
The annual cniumenc inent of this
tion took place on Wednesday Iasi,
attended by an unusually large and respecta
ble concourse of Visitors. The assemblages
which attend on thensual exercises of this in
stitution, are becoming every year more nu
merous afid resjH'ctable: whether this is otv-
ine to a growing interest among the people t.ir
its prosperity—to an increasing propeiisifv
in them for show and display, or a little of both,
is of small amount. Tlieir presence gives
countenance to an institution which richly mer
its the undivided support of the whole people
of Georgia.
Tiie unusually brilliant audiences which on
the late occasion honored the exercises of the
Ci. liege with their attention, we are glad to sa},
so far as our observation extended, expressed
themselves highly pleased with the perform
ances of the young gentlemen, and as being
in many respects, well calculated to elevato
the standing and reputation of tlieir alma ma
ter.
Tlu* public exercises commenced on Sun
day last 'vitii professor Shannon’s Sermon and
address before the Senior Class. *t was well*
| .adapted to the occasion, and was listened to
with much gratification bv a very largo aud re-
suec-'ahle auditory.
On Monday the Board of Trustees com
menced their session, and. adjourned on Wed
nesday evening, after having transacted the
business which came before them with the u 1 -
most harmony.
Col, James Hamilton of Columbia county,
war elected a irusieo to fill the vacancy occa
sioned by die dentil 01'Ma j. A. Walker.
On Thursday an oration was delivered be
fore the two Literary Societies connected
with the College, by professor Presley, which
our engagements presented us from hearing.
Wo have hoard it spoken of, however, as very
creditable to the new professor.
Twenty have been admitted into College,
rad we understand a number of others are ex
pected.—Banner.
A Novelty.—It is •stated that a bill is about to
'so hroii;lit into the English Parliament, entirely
'"’suppress duelling. For this purpose, a Court
..f Honor is ft lie organized, to whom is to bo
eferred all differences that may occur ameugst
'muorablc men.
Woman.—“Man bath a fleece about him, which*
.'tiahles him to bear the buffetings of the storm;
lintwomau, when young, and lovely, and pool, is
n a shorn lamb, for which tho wind has not
been tempered.”
Smoking Lamps.—To prevent the smoking
fa lamp soak the wick iu strong vinegar, and
'ry it well before you use it ; it will then burn
.'milt sweet and pleasant, and give much satis-
t ictiou for the tnflo trouble in preparing it.
MARRIED.
In Washington, on the ITtli ult. Sir. Joshua
Peck to Amelia Bushel.
Odzookors, bobs, and tvedding-cakes!—
What change of measures marriage makes?
Quick as a thought, at Hymen’s beck,
Y Bushel's clrjnged into a i'cck.
In England Mr. Siiorer to Miss Sleep. A
fine flock of dreames may be looked for.
TO THE FtfSHC.
Tbe subscriber, truly thank
ful for the liberal prtro'uas®
heretofore bestowed 0.1 him, &■
desirous of a continuation and
extension of that favor, takes
•Jiis method of informing ht»
fricuds and the public generally, that he still con
tinues t" keep, in first rate style, tbe UNION
HOTEL in Milledgeville. The advantageous-
location of his house to the business part of tow n,
is too well known (it being tbo house formerly
kept by Robert McComh.) to need pointing out-
The establishment is large and commodious, and
well adapted to the convenience of cither regu
lar or transient boarders. The Table, Bar, aud
Stables, will be constantly supplied with the l"' 5 '
the market a fiords; -te no pains will be spared to
renapr comfortable te happy all persons who in*J
call on him. Thus, with every advantage t!- :lt
can contribute to the accbmmodatiou of a |>u-'-
lie house, together with the influence of a poH* e »
studious, and attentive barkeeper, tho subscril» er
flatters himself in beleiving that he cannot fail 19
meet with a liberal share of public favors.
AARON SEARCY*
Milledgeville, Ga. August 5, 1834-tistnov ^
BSAETISS
FOR SALE YT THIS OFFICE.