Newspaper Page Text
T U £ TI A € O i\ U £ O R ti I A T E £ E « IS A I* U •
IV >7i the Southern AVr >rJer.
(Jcorgin, iiu.l her llcsodicci.
A few years s'nce. the Legislature made an
appropriation of Si 0,000, for a Geological Sur
vey of the State. It was soon expended and
since our rulers did not seethe capital yielding
t'rcurli Cou: (ship*.
A husband and wife have a son o e-and*
twe; ty or two-and-tweutv years of age, whom
they wish to see suitably married. Another
husband and wife have a daughter, somewhat
Fr
i tin
serve to deveiope the resources of the State in
a variety of ways, while the only check to en
terprise "ill b” tlie want ot knowledge
as to what may propely be done. Let the
warning admonition be every man-—'diversify
your pursuits ” Lo k to the wants of society younger, whom they also wish to see ‘-settled
and to individuals, and prepare to supply j i" life.” The former mention to some friend
20 per c^nt. interest per annum, they stopt j , henn Plant cotton, and manufacture what ( that they wish to ace their son. married* liammg
the firth >r progress of the work. The facts j y OU consume. Supply your necessities Lom your the sum they mean to give him as his portion
collected by the Geologist have been buried oun State labor—encourage your own com- nnd intimating that they will be happy if their
some where—x) one knows where—and our ! merae, manufactories and agriculture—and | Iriend should be able In a few weeks, io tell
Mdiedgoville fie ds, the Filters 1 mein, j, no Siattv in the Union can compare U-em of a y lY.eml of his who has a daughtt-r _
have not hunted them up; and su the peop'e w ith Georgia. She possesses t';e element of| wh«>ra lie wishes to see married, and wf>o can | re^i/appears toatkfo^
arc ignorant of all tliat has been done. Won- we a|tb in a greater degree than any other State, give the same sum with her. Th
dor if Gov* Crawford would not let some one an d can deveiope them with less cost. 'She can the young I,my make the same cdtnmunioatton I .age for th* President wescon.wur
copy the inter-sting facts contained in there- minu f acture iron at one-thirJ the cost thal some friend in reference to her. The friend j nFr*’^' 'limbTr
port of the 1’rolessor, for publication in the i Ponnsylvania can. Shu emi raise wool at one- j oft e fiundj, in either case then runs over in comowo<tatxra has been made by ill
papers emanating from the Metropolis ? The I fourth the cost that Vermont can. Every thing his own mind the names of all the families in
writer was permitted several years sinco to s propitious for the advancement of our inter- the same station of jife r with whom I e is in-
esls. 'Form the basis, aod soon the supers- t-mate. Eventually the former meets with some
tructure will rise; we have a cessation of local j father who is "tiling to give bis daughter the
1 same amount as bis frie> ds are willing to give
glance hastily over its page*, and lie recollects
that large beds of marl were found in the coun-
tiesofScriven, Elbert, Washington and Stew
art; greon sand in Morgan and Greene, all ex
cellent fertilizers of soil. M irble in Cass and
Cherokee; Iron in Habersham, Cass, Walker,
nnd othercount'es; superior granite in Baldwin;
plumbago in Elbert; an extensive and rich bed
of copper in Putnam; le id and other valuable
minerals, plaster-of parts, and other useful
nnd interesting substances, were discovered, all
calculated to swell the wealth of the State, if capi
tal but knew of their existence, that it might
seek an investment.
But hero we must stop short our intelligence
of the valuable minerals which nature has placed
in the bowels of the earth, to enrich the Stn’e,
and truM that from some other source this defi
ciency shall be supplied.
What have the people of Georgia done to de
velops the immense resources with which she
has be •» blessed 1 Or what have our wise leg
ist itors done to afford to tho people the informa
tion by which they might properly direct their
labor? We answer nothing. We have raised
•cotton, and bought every other article of con
sumption; and wcltave gone into other States to
expend all our profits in farming. Could it be
believed of us, yet it is so, that scarce a grave
stone seems to point out tho resting place of a
relative or friend, but the marble has been
wrought by the entepri.se nnd labor of the peo
ple of another State! The very cotton which
we grow is transported abroad, and nr-nufactur
ed i->to cloth for our own consumption. Our
fores’.s swarm with droves of entile, whose hides
when slaughtered, are carried to other States —
tanned, and returned to usinsnoesand saddlery.
W-e purchase fr m abroad nearly every pound
of iron which tills our soil, while the hills of
our own mountain region teem w th the purest
ore in the Union. Even the fruit which we
consume is btought from abroad. Our stores
and shops in the cities and villages, are filled
with tho apples and pears brought from New
England, Virginia and Carolina; while no State
produces such fruit at all comparable with that
of mountain Georgia. And what is the result
of this policy? We pay our neighbor to carry
away our cotton and raw-h des; we pay them
for manuficturing them, and for bringing the
manufactured article to us again. Wo pay for
foreign labor, and a profit to those who employ
it, while with a proper economy we might save
lo the consumer all the expenses of transporta
tion, and yet retain the teward of labor among
Ourselves.
But shall we do this until we deveiope to the
people tho ability thus to serve them, and pro
mote their interest? And shall wecease to com
plain of impoverished lands, and pinching, star
ving pursuits, so that when one shall fail, ano
ther may prove more profitable; and thereby
mutually contribute to the support of the gen
eral mass? fs not this the secret of the suc
cess and prosperity of the people of New Eng
land ? Look at Mass ichusetts, whose people
are more prosperous than any other Slate in
the Union. Her annual prolucts in agricul
ture arc $15 000,000 ; in manufacture, S80.-'
000,000 ; and her citizens have $12,000,000
invested in fisheries. If one branch °f labor
fails, another miy be more profitable, and the
successful one may be able to bear up and sus
tain that winch is less so. But with us, all out
labor is in the cotton field; let drought or low
prices come upon us, nnd we all fall together.
Canr.ot our people be induced to diversify
their pursuits, until they do this?
Why cannot Georgia diversify her agricul
tural pursuits, as much so, as any other
State 1 Wheat is grown profitably in every
section of it, but more especially in the up-
country. It is of the best quality made in the
Union. Southern Hour is preferable, and is
more valuable, and,commands a higher price
even in New York, than Bor own "canalflour;’
■because being d/ itd, a given quantity yield* a
greater amount of bread, than alike quality of
Northern flour. Forthe same reason, it is more
valuable and more desired, for the trade of the
British West Indies and South America. If
Georgia knows her interests, she will become
a competitor for that very valuable trade. With-
an article less likely to damage, she has the
gi c tier advantage to prevent loss, by a dimin-
ishe I distance in water transportation. All
the State north of Milledgville, is admirably
adapted for wheat culture. Tho Cherokee dis
trict is especially so; and when the means of
transportation sh ill have b en completed, and
an outletbo made through the Western and At
lantic Railroad to the Ocean, mills must nnd
will spring up every where for the manufac
ture of wheat and very >h wily Georgia will
becom j a greet exporter of flour to other
Southern State?, and to foreign con dries.
Unless the >ame lifeless, listless, inert feeling
con'i mes which has thus fir trammelled her
enterprise, i" less than ten years her exports
politics for two vers. Let the press rouse up | some amount as ins trie' ds are willing to give
the people to the* building up ofour State The with their son He commences the negotia-
patriot’s erv should be hc-u-d every where in I 'ion by remarking, “I have a friend who has
patriot
favor of unfolding the vast resources nnd dor
mant energies of the State. Tne people should
be shown what they’ could do and how it might
be done. These two years should be given
up to our country, and when the next Legisla
ture shall assemble, the represenlive should br
made to know, through the aroused energies
of the people, that it was for the advancement
of their interest he was to legislate, nnd not for
the downfall ofa party.—Wherever localities
favor a particular pursuit, it should be the busi
ness of the press, and tho intelligence of the
patriotic, to point cut its practicability, its prof
its, its advantages, and the facilities of accom
plishment, this will pour a flood of light upon
hidden treasures, nnd point out the path that leads
to their acquisition.
AGRICOLA.
Short Patent Sermons.
NEW SERIES—SO 198.
My text may be fouod in the writings ofDryden, in these
words—
Look round the habitable world; how few
Know liieir own good, or,knowing it. pursue!
How void of reason are oor hopes and fear*!
Whit in the conduct of our life appears
So well designed, so luckily begun.
But when we hive our wish, we wish undone?
My hearers—In taking a general survey of
tho whole human race, we fi id a precious few
indeed who actually know what is for their own
good;yet there are thousands who pretend,
and sometimes think, that they are pursuing the
path of profit, hapiness and honor, when they
are just ns far out of the way as our City Hull
clock has heen forthe past month or so. Tne
truth is this, niy friends:—you all wish for more
than you want. You give your desires permis-
siun to come to the grab game; and grabbing
for too much, they must generally get hold ol
nothing. Your inclinations for the most part
are naturally evil: and if you allow them to rule
without restrain, you will just as surely be sac.
rificed upon those altars which y..ur own folly
has reared as my name isn't Gabriel Gam-
tnon.
My respefed, but erring fellow mortals—the
few of you that know your own good are too
apt to put off pursuing it till to morrow. To-
mor'ew 1 oh, beware of the fatal illusion ! You
must make the most of to-day wltde it lasts ;
for you are not sure tomorrow will beyours. In
fact 'omorrow never conies dressed in the golden
garb in which it appearsat a distance: It changes
its habiliments ere it enters within the confines
of to-day ; and not unfiequeutly, it casts otFsill
its jewels of joy by the way side, to be lost for
ever among the dirt and rubbish of oblivion.
While you arc lolling and loafing away your
time waiting for its approaching, perhaps you
are not aware that a good portion of it has al
ready passed you, and that every passing hour
dioves you a notch nearer your graves, and,
• hat whatever you have left undone, must re
main undone forever. There is no going back
ir.lo yesterday to stop up any of the cracks of
misfortune which your own negligence has
caused and through which tho chill winds of
penury blow to-day. Yesterday is the grand
receptacle for all things that are Washed down
the ditch of time, whether good, bad or indif
ferent. They are destined to lie there undis
turbed and untouched safe when fieshlcss fingers
of memory poke round among them for the sake
of filching some ideal treasure. Yesterday, my
frie'tkt, is a storehouse of great events. You
were all bom yesterday—the world completed
yesterday, all except a few polishing touches,
which were ieft for us to clap on to-day—yes
terday Rome rose to the highest pinnacle of
her grandeur, and yesterday she fell as flit as
a pancake into the ashes of insignificance—
yesterday Alexander the Great led his armies
to battle and conquered all creation, with the
exception of mn-quitoes; yesterday lie sat
down and cried like a child because lie had no
more to conquer; and yesterday the ladder of
his ambition fell to the ground and he found
himself caught in the meshes of death, hke a
pitiful fly in the web that the spider weaves.
My hearers—how void of reason are your
hopes and fears! You grasp at shadows instead
of substance; and at the same time are frighten
ed at the shakingof a straw. Hope is a rain
bow, that exhibits beautiful hues upon the reecd-
ingsborc of adversity; but as for endeavoring to
obtain posse'sion of it and all its glowing colors
you might as well undertake to secure moon
shine in a rat-trap. Even a lien your wishes
are obtained, how often does it happen that you
then wish that you had never come in possession
of them! for, morally spunking,you are ns blind
asbats by oayliglit, inasmuch nswbalyou most
dccre too frequently proves your greatest pain.
You have an aching desire to accumulate, all
on aged so and so who w.shes to see him mar-
i ed, and is willing togive him a certninsum as
liis portion. You have a daughter a few years
younger,for oflhe same age, asthe case may be.)
I think if you are disposed to give a similar for
tune with your daughter, that a very suitable
•mil mutually advantageous match might lx*
made between theparties.” Iftheotheragrees,
which is almost invariably the case, it is immedi
ately arranged tliat the parents of the two young
persons themselves, shall meet some early eve
ning at the house of some friend, in order that
•lie young gentleman and lady may see how
they like each other before agy forther steps
are taken in the matter. They are both inform
ed of the object for which they are to meet and
are asked to endeavor to make themselves as
agreeable as possible. They accordingly meet,
are introduced toe cli other as persons whom
their parents are desirous, if agreeable lo them
selves, of seeing united, because! they conceive
tho match would prove conducive to their mu-
tual h.tppii ess. A few words pass between
them of a very vngueand general character and
not having the slig te-t reference to the circum
stances in reference to which they have been
brought together. T e company breaks up, and
the young persons, on their return homo, are
respectively asked by th- ir parents how they
liked the proposed *‘parti.” An answer, intim
ating willingness to enter into the matrimonial
state, is usually returned by each. Tne answer
of the one is communicated to the other. The
young gentleman then visits the young lady at
her parents’house two or three times, but al
ways in the presence of her mother or elderly
female relation. A day is appointed for the
marriage, which usually takes place in a few
weeks. The bridegroom, for sucii he may now
virtually be considered, must still observe the
greatest formality towards his intended wife,
not even taking the liberty of giving her a kiss
as they part, unless he has previously obtained
the consent of her mamma, or the matronly re
lative « ho has the care of her.—Paris and its
People.
Pennsylvanian.
Texas.
V. r e have been banded for publication, the subjoined let
ter from Mr. Woodbury. the distinguished representative
I oi .New Hampshire, in lire Senate of the United Jit to a
| Committee in Carroll count;., Kentucky, on the sul ject of
Texas. It will be perceived that this eminent statesman
discerns no constitutional objection to the measure of ad
mitting that State into our Union, and tltaf he prefers, if
Texas make an application for that purpose, her re annexa
tion to thn United States, rather than he r aunexaiinn to any
other power, or the endangering of our rights and interests
in that quarter.
WASHINGTON'. Dec. 16. 1843.
Gentlemen—Your letter ot the 93th ult., reached me
to-day. The resolution m u h-ch you refer and request a
ierrs as to the policy of ad-
parents of! * , *^**S’~Texas into the’ United States. Ttiis resolution
‘ 1 I was passed, and your letter written, before the late mes-
tied to Congiess. and
age would recommend
t. lint as no such re
President, the subject
is not likely to become at present one of any political inter
est. and hence an answer from me to your inquiry may not
now be deemed important. I should therefore refrain from
any further remarks, under the circumstances, were it not
possible that some might consider such a course as evincing
an unwillingness to ineel the responsibility of making my
opinions public on the question proposed; nnd that tho ques
tion may, on some oilier ea’rly occasion, arise, so as to re
quire legislative and executive decision. For reasons like
these, I would present briefly the following views :
I think, in the first place, that no constitutional objection
exists is to tlie admission pf Texas into the United States,
which has not been overcome in the case of Louisiana In
the next place, the reasons for her connexion with us are
stronger than for her annexation to any other power, her
territory being within the limits of Louisiana, as purchased
by us from France; her present p'pulation being mos’ly
educated in our system of government; and their pursuits,
manners, and institutions being all more nearly resembling
ours than those of any other power. But it is not to he for
gotten that Texas ia now an independent nation; that she
has been thus recognised by ua as well as others; that no ap-
plication appeaia to be now pending from her to be annexed
to the United States or any other government; and that no
foreign nation is now likely to take possession of her terri-
torv, or to endanger our riehts or interests. Under these
facts, 1 am not enabled to discover any good ground for our
interference or action in the matter; but should new facta
occur, my course would be governed by the character of
these facta, and the general principles I have had the honor
to submit to you. Respectfully,
LEVI - WOODBURY.
To Messrs. George VV. Sanders. H. Ramey, jr.. F. Bledsoe,
E B. Campbell, W. B. Lindsay, and J. P. Cox, Com
mitiee. —
From tie Globe.
WASHINGTON, March 20. T844.
GENTLEMEN—Several of- the newspapers reaching this
city onyesteiday. contain a long letter, written by Mr. Web
star, against the annexation of Texas to the United Stales
No official information 1ms yet been given t*> the public that
any treaty has been made, or even any negociations goingon
upon that subject; and l regret to seo the opinions of per
sons so distinguished as Mr. Webster thrown out on the
public mind, evidently with the view toc-eate prejudices in
advance agaiust such a measure.
I have long had in my possession the letter of another
distinguished citizen of this'country, deeply deploring the
loss of Texas bv negotiation, and warmly advocating its res
toration to the United States. Heretofore 1 have n-1 thought
it proper, in any respect, to publish that letter; but lam in
ducea now to change that determination, and to send you a
copy of it. It was written by Gen. Jackson tm re titan
year ago, and with no prwwble party purpose whatsoever.
With hint, the question orannexatinn rises infinitely above
all mere party considerations. Subsequent letters, (some
very recent ones) which I t;ave seen, whilst they show the
deepest anxiety felt by him for the success of the measure,
yet treat it throughout as a great national question, identified
with the beat interest of the whole Country.
In the game spirit of nationality. I ask the publication of
his opinions, that they may go out and stand before the
country, side by side, with those of Mr. Webster. General
Jackson discusses the subject in various points of view, and
especially in connection with the military defence of this
country. In this last respect, all must admit that lie is pi
culiarly competent for its discussion. I sincerely hope th
neither Mr. Webster’s nor General Jackson'a letter will be
read witn a party bias, or even adverted to for party pur
poses. Respectfully, your obedient servant,
AARON V. BROWN.
Messrs. Blair & Rives.
D E MO CRAG Y.
Tlie Right* of Women.
Tlie rights ofithe mot e helpless sex, a re becom
ine to be understood in other States as well as
in FluriJa. The present Council have passed
a law upon thesuhj- ct, which we trust will ef-
A ctually bar ib * grievous oppression which fe
rn >les hove heretofore labored under. autenaaH
those people who d rive their notions of Juslice
from the old feudal systems of the d irk ages.
We trust that the law which has been passed by
the present council when carried out in practice,
will place the tights of women, upon a higher, a
more correct, and surer foundation. Whatever
oi" public duty, tho present council may have
omitted to do, vet in doing this, wo think their
constituents will have much cause to bless the
memory of those representatives «f 1844, whose
sense of justice anti whose intelligence, sfimu-
lutt'dthem in the advancement of this measure.
But it is not in Florida alone, that the atten
tioaof thepeople has been turnsd to this subject.
Many of the Slates have either passed laws,
securing to females their right in theirown prop-
ot ty, or d scussed the necessity of such a meas
ure in their legislative assemblies. Tlie people
have begun to think upon the subject—light is
being thrown around it. Truth is beginning to
be heard and it jvill not be muny years, before
that absurd doctrine of the ignor.i"! & barbarous
custom of feudal times 2 —tliata WxFEcannot hold
the properly which she brings to the marringe
state—will beswept from the statute book of ev
ery State of this Union.—Star of Florida.
oi or au stuffs " dl beequ >1 to one-fifth those of the wealth that thn wor'd can afford; and yet you
•our cotton. And blind indeed is the capitalist, ought to know very well that you increase your
wh.t tfo'-s not see in tlie great enterprise which cares and miseries just in proportion as you m-
r.nl read communication furnishes, the real za- crease your riches. Many of you youngsters
Tien of greatly remunerating profits, in theman- j w nit to get married before you hardly tinder-
ultteture of the minerals with which the moua- stoid the true meaning oi the word matrimony,
xun region abounds, on f in tl ecreaii tnofall the tnkiugitforgranted that as my friendSbakespere
fix'tire's for advantageous commerce. A new says “if’t were done when ’its done t eo’twere
iK'ure w
et a will dawn, whether nolens vo/ens, and tlie
great railroad comnirnicition wifl prove the
ariviiii wheels tothc engine of national wealth
a id enterprise in Gcoigia. .'re -rcely a brick is
how laid i t Georgia, which is not cemented
with lune which has travelled over a thousand
milos. Scarcely a fire is built in snir.J of our
ciiie-t, which Pennsylvania does not furnish
with her c>a!. Scarcely a plough-hoe, which is
nut now brought from England ; and nearly
o te-liaif tho flour which we daily consume, |
which htts not passed the locks of the Etiej
canal. These tilings will all he change?, and
we in turn will bee >me producers for others
rather than their consumers. It is no unreu
son a hi • estimate, that in ten years two ntil-
iioi) Ol
pro i net ion
well it were dee quickly and still in nine
cases out of ten, you wish t -at what lias been
done were quickly undone
My friends—the betier way for you is to just
be content with such crumbs ns may fell fmm
heaven, without worrying and s'ghing for d;o
loaves that were baked for others—and you
will be happy. Ify>u are good children, and
behave yourselves as you ought vour heavenly
parent will provide you with >o tp and sit ris,
beef and breeches, so long as you sojourn in
this terrestrial sphere. It you are determined
to be 6 satisfied with your present condition,
and are continually wishing to change, von
- don’t know what is for your own good; and
you will find anything l'ke comfort and pence
| 0 || ; ,rs anntmdy will be added to tin- though you live to be as old as the ancient and
of our iJtuie, by the completion of venerable Tartta bogus. So mote it be!
A ITIolher’a Grief.
There is a touching sweetness in a mother Is
tears when they fall upon the face of her dying
babe, which no eye can behold, without im
bibing its influence. Upon such hallowed
ground the foot «f profanity dares not approach.
Infldeliiy itself is silent and forbears its scoff-
ings. And bore woman displays not her weak
ness, but her strength; it is that st rcngtlt of tit tacit-
tnent which can never, to its full intensity, be
realised. It is perennial, dependant upon no
climate, no changes—out alike in storm and
sunshine—it knows no shadow of turning- A
father when he sees his child going down to the
dark valley’, will weep when the sTiadow of
den'h has fully come over him and as the hist
parting knell falls on his ear he tnav say: “I go
down to tin* grave of my son mourning.’’ But
the hurry <>f business draws him away; the tear
is wiped from his eye, and if, when lie turns
from his fire-side the vaca cy in the family cir
cle reminds tiim of hi* loss, the succeeding day
bltKiis the poignancy of his grief, until at length
it finds no -permanent scat in his breast. Not so
with her who has borne and nourished the tender
blossom. It lives in the heart where it was
first entwined in the dreaming hours of night.
She sees its playful mirth or hears its plaintive
cries.
A suit of a most novel character was lately trieil before
the Circuit Courtin New York, to re:over $6,000, beitt" an
amount lost by Robert II. Davis, at a faro table kept by a
man named Henry Colton. Mr. McVean. counsel for plain-
till', in openingthe case to the Jury, staled tliat the plaintiffs
nro commission merchants, and die defendant keeper ofa
faro bank. The present is an action of trover, lo recover
$6,000, which plaintiff* allege tlteirclerk lo have embezzled
from them, and to liave lost at tlii* faro bank. The clerk
had the entire Confidence of plaintiffs. He was their book- U0D *. an j Ig ; tmil v bear upon thus
keeper, and concealed his frauds by false entries. The n ot undertake b. follow it nut to it
:rii"Uin ol money nnbczzlcd by In in i* between 9,000 and respects ; thoupli I imi^t *;• v thnt. i
SlO.OOt 1 . $6,000 of which he lost at the establishment of ile nexalion of Teias to the i nite.l St
femiant. between $1,000 and $0,000 m o*licr places of die the circle of free instituti •!>- and i
kind, and the balance in purchasing lottery tickets. Gamb- States,particularly as lessening thi
ling by a law oftlhs rhate, is a public offence,anil title does collision with f- rei"n powers, ami
HERMITAGE. Feb. 12,1843.
My Dear Sir—Yours of the 23d ult .has been received,
and with it the Madisonian, containing Gov. Gilmer's letter
on the subject of the annexation of Texas to the U. Slates.
You are not mistaken in supposing that I have formed an
opinion on this intere: ting subject. It occupied much of my
attention during my presidency, and I am sure has lost none
of its importance by what has since transpired.
Soon after my election in 1829, it was made known to me
by Mr. Erwin, formerly cur minister at tne court of Ma
drid, that whilst at that court he had laid the foundation of a
treaty *vith Spain for the cession of -the Floridas. and the
setdemqnt of the boundary of Louir iatia, fixing dm western
limit of the latter at the Rio Graude,* agreeably to the un-
dersltndingof France—that he had written home to our
Government for powers-to complete nnd sign this negotta-
lion; but that, instead of receiving such authority, the nego
tiation was taken out of his bands and iranferred to Wash
ington. and a new tteaty was there concluded, by which the
Sabine, and not the Rio Grande, was recognised and estab
lished as the boundary of Louisiana.
Finding that these statements were true, and that onr
government did really give up that important Territory,
when it was at its option to retain it. I was fillad with as-
loiiiahuieut. The tight to the Territory was obtained from
France: Spain alona ready to acknowledge it to the Rio
Grande: and yet the authority asked by our minister to in
sert the true boundary was not only withheld, but in lieu of
it, a limit was adopted which stripped us of she whole of the
vast country lying between the two river*.
On such a subject, I thought with the ancient Romans,
that it was right lever to cede any land or boundary of the
republic, but always to add to it by honorable trea'ty. thus
extending the area of freedom; nnd it was in accordance
with this feeling ghat I gave our Minister to Mexico instruc
tions to enter upon a negotiation for the retrocession of Tex
as to the United States.
This negotiation failed, and I shal 1 ever regret it as a
misfortune to both Mexino and the United States. Mr. Gil
mer’s letter presents many of the considerations, which, in
my judgment, rendered the step necessary to the peace and
harmony of the two countries; but tlie point in it at that
lime, which most strongly impelled me to the course I pur
sued, was the injustice done to us by the surrender of the
Territory, wiiett it was obvious that it could have been re
tained without increasing the consideration afterward* given
for the Floridas. I could n t but feel that the surrender of
*o vast and important a territory wa» attributable to an er
roneous estimate of the tendency of ouriustiiutions. in which
there was mingled somewhat of jealousy to the rising great
ness of the South and West.
| But I forbear indwell on this part of the history of this
question. It i* past, and cannot now be undone. We can
now only look at it as one of annexation, if Texas presents
it to uj; and if she does. 1 do not hesitate to say that the
welfare aud happiness of our Union require that it should
be accepted.
If in a military point of view alone, the question be exam-
ined, it will be found to be most important to the United
States to be in the possession of that Territory.
Great Britain has already made treaties with Texas; and
we know that farseeing nation never omits a circatnstance
in her extensive intercourse with the world, which cau be
turned to account in increasing her military resources. May
ahe not enter into an alliance with Texas ? and reserving
(as she doubtless will) the northwestern boundary question
as n cause of war with us whenever she chooses to declare
it, let us suppose that, as an ally with Texas, we are to fight
Iter! Preparatory to such a a movement, she sends her
20.000 or 30.000 men to Texas; organizes them on the Sa
bine, where her supplies and arms can be concentrated be
fore we have even notice of her intentions; makes a lodg
ment on^tbe Mississippi; excites the negroes to insurrectim;
the lowet country fulls,and with it New Orleans; mid a ser
vile wat rages through the whole South and West.
In the meanwhile she is also moving an army along the
upper wes 1 em frontier from Canada, which, in co-operation
with the army from Texas, spread* ruin and havoc from the
Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.
Who can estimate the national loss wo may sustain, be
fore such a movement could be repelled wah such force as
we could organize on a short notice ?
Ilemctnhrr that Texas borders upon us, on our west, to
42° of north latitude and is our southern boundary to the
Pacific. Remember, also, that if annexed to the U. States,
oar western boundary would be the Rio Grande, which is
of itself a fortification, on account nf its extensive, barren,
and unhabitable plains. With such a barrier tin our west,
we are invincible The whole European world could not
in combination against us. make an impression on our Union.
Our population on the Pacific would rapidly increase, and
soon be strong enough for the protection of our eastern
whalers, and, in the worst event, could always be sustained hi
by lilita'y aids from the intermediate country.
F/oin the Rio Grande, over land, a large nrinv could not
masrh. or be supplied, unless frotn the Gulf by water, wbich.
by vigilance, could always be intercepted; nnd, to march an
army near the gulf, they could be barraased by militia, and
detained until an organized force could be raised to meet them
But I am in danger of running into unnecessary detail,
which my debility will not enable me to close. The ques
tion is full of interest, alao. as it affects our domestic rela-
f Mexico to us. I wil(
"n those
Whiff Arguments at the North. :
Wc give ijhe following extracts from th e "
H tvert correspondent of the New York U
with regard to the Connecticut election, wlnci'.^'
plnce on last Monday. The Whigs electione^
the South, on the plea that Mr. Clay has
his views on the subject of a High Tariff: t | e ‘ ^
lowing will shew how they electioneer Sot (p ^
the Nori't: ns:
“ The Whig presses and Whig orators make at>.
Tariff the burden of their song, and charge r ” :e rive
wim radical free trade principles, which thev e - '"' !r It
substantiate by extracts from the. - Plebeian a- '' t *0
they are called, which bear the political endor Hl! [***'*M
“ Plebeian office,’’ of your city. The Democrats
endorse the ultra principles of the •• Tracts," but h
question by advocacy of a Tariff tor revenue a. As
that ground take issue The influence thusexerr i*^ t5
; manufacturers, and by them over their workaea ■ “’•t
— ■ ! much to the Whig vo”te; and should the Beirn...
Oon.occ.mc Candidate* for President. r , ate<)> they m>y “ ttribate u, eir loss moreTS^LS
MABTIIV VAIV Bl KL\,o!XY | of “Plebeian Tracts,” than to any other cause.'' 01 *”^*
And as to the use they are making, cfth e
Tt'MSOAY MORNING, APR.
LEWIS CASS, of Ohio,
RICH’D. -If. JOHNSON, of Ky
JOBirV TYLER, of Virginia,
To be decided by a National Convention iullftay,
1844.
lion of the Annexation nf Texas, to foru n - \j
Clay’s prospect, and to injure the Democratic - *
the succeeding extract will explain. I n 0 ,* V|
number, we ventured the opinion, that the nnf
would make a party question of the Annexe'..'.
Tcxa9, and use it as a bait, to secure tlie
ists for Mr. Clay. The following would
The present time is favorable to the elucidation j corroborate that op.mon, ,f tt was «* loook**„
of tlie operations of a Protective Tariff. Take the nee f, P rno1 ’ .
Tariffof 1842, which had Protection for its oBject, i rresfoenti,’'^ 5 :t
and Revenue for its incident onlv, as foIIV as the while the Democrats, with their usual tro«r4o4,.°7*f
m . , , . ■ . ,y | aider the reau.t important, but sav. “ If we) ... .1. •
1 artil <>l ^6 ever had, and lei US Witness its-eflects. doesn't affect ua much, as Ci-nnecticut was
We will premise, in the outset, that the effect of i by us. or any body vise,
The Wtiy n. Protective Tariff Operate*.
a Tariff for Protection is to curtail imports, and
consequently, to disturb the balance of trade. To
the extent of the curtailment of imports, gold and
silver flow into the country, to re-establish the lost
balance.
The exports of tlie United States, during the po
litical year, end : ng with the 1st of October last, a
mounted to Si 00,063,26l!, and the imports amount
ed, during the same period, to 539,260.895—the
excess of exportsover imports, then, is 810,803,371.
In order to make up this difference in our favor, the
nations trading with us, have had to make it up by
importing gold and silver. All litis wituld be fine,
if it cotthl last; but let us go-on, and see the effect
it (ins produced on, the prosperity of the country.
1844. the Coin milt ee appointed for that purpose,«
The $10,803,371 of foreign gob!, thus obtained, a previous meeting, consisting uf Geo. R. Hunter,
Whigs, with the Courier nf ynurcity. have opr- f( j j^ 1 ;'
quest ons that will be followed with results i*
and West, calculated to materially detract from
pecta of Henry Clay. They first assume the np„ n , u ',’.
Mr. Van Boren to the Annexation of Texas. «nd ibext.
the purpose of cajoling and neutralizing the abrkiuo,
of this State, avow uncompromising hostility to sui-i.V-. '
ure, now and hereafter. To secure the Otanafacarm
they avow decided favor lo “ a Protective Tariff; i-foi
nounce the idea of a Tariff for revenue as ridtculnci^r^i
ruinous to all Northern interests. Should aaccesj fo’jjJ
tlieir efforts, with sucii a flag, and such watch wordt, f *
will itetFeel the prospect* of Henry Clay in the ? ~-’-L
and Western thaws? Your intelligent readersc»arttT,
answer this qaestion.”
Crcvrfard Democratic Meeting.
Atari adjourned meeting of a pmtion of the
Democratic Party of Crawford countv, held fo
Knoxville, orrSaiurday, the 30tb day of March,
W
ever
A-
it ; r P-
!ro?U
ft wit!
DOW, Jr,
m.t i sst upon money received thtoogh it. One of the points
which makes the case lather singular is. that the clerk ltint-
sclfis a witness. When it was discovered that the money
was lost (in Feb. 1813.) Dows tc Guitean entered into an in-
vestigati <n. an.I tilt-clerk escaped lo Jlivana, where lie re-
in dued some months and telurned. While tliete he com-
null ated to liis employ era licte, the mode in whiclAe dis
posed of their money. He is now in jail at the suitof Dows
A Guiteau f< r the taking of this money. Ile was brought to
t : e stand, and fully detailed the modus operand/ of all his
ti an-aciion-. The jury, p.ve a verdict in favor of Dows it
tiuitesc. plaintiffs) for y-i-’i- 1 , ilh inures: since February,
> consequences in
i all its aspects the an
tes promise. tu enlarge
. essential tr the I Jaded
probabilities of future
-ivinj! them greater effi
ciency in spreading the blessings of pence.
I return you tny thanks for vour kind letter •
ject, and subscribe myself, with great sincerity,
Your friend and obedient sincerity.
ANDREW JACKSON.
Hon. A. V Brown.
P. S. The papers furnished me by Mr. Erwin, to which
I have referted in this letter, cap be placed it, your posses*
sion, if desired. A. J.
"Tliat this boundary could have b«en obtained, was
doubtless the belief of our minister in Spain; but tlie offer of
the Spanish government, was probably the Colorado—-cer
tainly a line far west of the Sabine.
went, of course, into tlte vaults of the Batiks, in the
cities where the import was tnmlc. Tlie Banks
were thus enabled to issue their paper <>;i it, in large
quantities. The consequence s-on was, as every
one knows, money became so plenty in New Yoik,
that it sought every outlet for investment.
Speculators eagerly seized the golden opportuni
ty to make fortunes. The facility of -eiiing money,
enabled them to buy up large quantities of Cotton,
and, aided by the general opinion that the crop
would be a short one, the price rap idly ran up—
At the increased prices, the general excitement and
ease of procuring money, induced many inexperi
enced persons to venture into the market, in every
sea-port ia the country, and iu every town in the
Cotton region.
The planter, too, who hail just emerged from the
embarrassments of years, was induced to lay out
not only all the money he had, over the payment
of his debts, but to make new debts, in order to in
crease his landed interest and the number of bis
hands. In fact, many merchants, and persons in
other occupations, bought lands nt a price varying
from 30 to 70 per cent, higher than the same lands
could have been purchased at, a few months previ
ous, in order to embark ioto tlie business of raising
Cotton.
Tlte demand for negroes was so great, that the
price, in a very short time, increased 50 ot 60 per
cent. Anti more negroes were brought into the
Colton States, from Virginia and North Carolina,
in three months of the past winter, than had been
iiftjtorted in twice the number of years, since 1837.
Besides, new Stores sprang up all over the coun
try, and every merchant, almost, made his pur
chases for the spring trade, in New York, based on
the calculations so prevalent iu every brunch of bu
siness.
Now. mark the result; the accounts received
from Entope, by the steam-ship Hibernia, although
as favorable, as to price, as could reasonably have
been expected, failedrio bring orders for- the pur
chase of Cottons, to any considerable amount. The
speculators found their bills maturing, and the pru
dent disposition to witltdraw from the business,
having occurred to each one engaged in it, simul
taneously, no ptitchasers could be found. The
disposition to sell increased, tlte indisposition to
buy grew with it, and soon alarm began to spread
among them. A panic was the consequence.—
Colton ran down to a point even below its real val
ue, faster than it had previously gone up.
The same feeling pervaded every other business.
The speculator in Cotton, in many instances, is ru
ined, beyond hope of remedy; the speculator in
negroes is forced to sell, at a less price than he paid
in Virginia, after losing, additionally, his double
and expenses; the planter, in too many cases, finds
himself enthralled again, and the prospect of pay-
ingout, with Cotton at a low price; and the mer
chant finds himself with a stock ofgoods, exceeding
the wants of the country, under the altered state of
things. Are these nut facts? And are not our de
ductions correct? If they are incorrect, we shall
be happy to have any errots corrected iu our rea
soning.
And sucii fluctuations will ever occur, under a
TarifF for protection. The momentary stimulus,
such as wc liave just witnessed, will cause tnen to
embark into business, with such a scale of expen
ses as must cause their ruin, with the fluctuations
which inevitably ensue. Suppose a mechanic
contracts to build a house, at a time when every
thing is low, anfWjefore lie hires liis handsand pur
chases liis materials, one of these temporary rises :
takes place, the low price of his contract and the i
i price of his expenses must ruin him.
Suppose a man Mail taken a contract to build a
certain distance of Rail-Road, last fall, at the pri
ces then current for such work, and had to hire his
laborers and buy liis moles, utensils, Ac., at the
rates of such things on the first of January last,
would it not prove disastrous? Ami on tlie line of
t lie Georgia Rail-Road, many such instances have
actually occurred recently.
Fluctuations must always result from a High
Tariff. But to produce an eternal see-srtw in the
i wages of labor and the price of property, with an
u “* occasional revulsion", to scatter devastation widely l
over tlie land, it is only necessary to include anoth
er United States Bank in tlie category of Whig
doings.
G. J. Green, and James J. Ray, Esqs., reported
the following Preamble and Resolutions, which
were unanimously adopted:
The course pursued by the Whig Party in the
Piesidential Election of 1840,—in their d\s\ngesu-
ous and unmanly attempt to mislead the public
mind, as to the principles and pur|tosesofthe Wiiig
candidate; and more rerently. the attempt notr
making, by means of the organization of Cn
Ciubs—the delivery ofinflaminatory electioneering
harangues—and the circulation, throughout the
country, of political tracts, to elevate to the Chief
Magistracy of the Union, an individual who hit
shewn himself always the inveterate and smite-
times the successful enemy of Southern interest
and principles, and of Georgia in particular, ad
monish us of’the necessity of an early and efficient
organization of the Democratic Party. In the o-
pinion of your Committee, this can he effectually
done, only by tlte formation of Democratic Asso
ciations—having for their immediate object the fie-
qtipnt anil friendly interchange of feeling and sen
timent—the circulation, during the approachinj
canvass,,of sucii political intelligence as will serve
to exhibit, most clearly, the claims and quaiifin-
tionsofihe Democratic candidates for President end
Viee-Prestdent of the United States, and at the
same lime vindicate the character and principles
of the Democratic Party. To this end, the Demo
cratic Party of Crawfi rd county are respectfully
and earnestly requested, as soon as the nnminatioi
of its candidates for President and Vice-President
is made by tlte Baltimore Convent ion, to bold*
general meeting, and form itself into a Democratic
Association, for the purposes already ineniiotieJ.-
In the mean time, the political opponents of Henry
Clay, residing iu Knoxville anti its vicinity, for the
pur|*ise of at once repelling the assaults which «.'*
now being made on the Republican Patty, ando*
promoting 1 an early and efficient organization of
that party in this county, deem it advisable to re
commend the appointment of a Committee so*
persons, to be called the Democratic Central Com
mittee of Crawford county. In furtherance of these
views, your Committee herewith submit the follow
ing Resolutions:
Resolved, That tlte Chairman of this meeting A>
forthwith appoint a Committee, to consist of not Its
than nine persons, to be known asthe Central Dec-
craiie Committee; and that said Committee si--
have power to choose its owa Chairman and see -
te’ary; and ihst'the Chairman nnd Secretary tho*.
chosen, shall constitute.a Commiuee of Corresp® 0 '.
ilence; and the Chairman shall be further author.- j
zed to call a meeting of tho Democistic Pof 1 .' 1
whenever, in his opinion, the interest of the paty
may require it; and that whenever this meet-
adjourns, it will adjourn, subject to the call«•*“ 1
Chairman.
11 That tlte Democratic Party-f: '
ted to Iw"* I
county, tie, ami they are hereby reque^ 1
gen-ral meeting, immediately after the atb-^
merit oflhe Democratic Notional Convent <.n. i- •
held in Baltimore iu Mny next; anJ lh al '
friends in the different districts in the comity,' 11 - -
quested to take ssefa steps as wilk best w**
niie the party in tlte support of the notnine eC '‘
Convention. - }
dissolved. That we have unshsken confid**^
the integrity of our principles and the success 1 - ^
cause; and we cannot refrain from (tie
of the hope, that Georgia will not tarnish
erto uttsul ied honor, by casting her vote fo
dent, for Iter ancient ettemv—Henry Cia\- ^
Resolved, Trial the proceedings ot this m- ^
be signed by the Chairman and Secreu-’-’
published in tlte Democratic papers ol N 1 " ’ .
Under the firs' Resolution, the Chair
tlte following gentlemen the Committee® * ^
which, on motion; the name ot <l' e Cbm'- 11 ^ j
added, viz: G. R. Hunter, G. J- Gte eI1, |
Howard, J. Ray. R. Hicks. J- fe’ e,a " ^ ^
vis. D. Causey, and W. H. Brooks-
mitiee appointed Geo. R. Hooter, Eft- 1 el
man. and J. J. Ray, Secietary. .
J. C. HARVEY, Chatrr^’
Isaiah Davis, Secretary.
The New York Express snvs, “Thnt the death of Gen.
Bertrand transmits the title and majorat of half a million of
francs setiled by the late Emperor to Count Napoleon Ber
trand, who is now about to return to France.*’
A *\ew Jail.
We call ihe attention of contractors here a ^ ^ t , u r
to the advertisement of the Justices of the^ ° ^ cM i?r *
iif relation to the contraction of a nev- * ; .i p rob^'
.ill bean iinpo. tanc one, ... tlta co 5 t of the Jail *' ^
,.ot be le,< than $ .0,000 to $,0,000. It ^
portutiitv to builders of making a safe and P ;, 3 r
tract . As soon as die old Jail ia removed, -na ^
the town facing tlte Parade Ground, will he a 1 “ ^ ft
b!e and delightful part of the city for reatdenc
publican.
op-