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WHEN COURTS HAVE ERRED.
CONVICTED OF MI'RDKII o\
CIKCPSIST.4JITI.Ui EVIDENCE.
Xh*lr Supposed Victims Have Some
times Turned Ip Alive—Some Have
Suffered Death tor the Acts of Sui
cides—lnstances of the Miscarriage
of Justice in England and America.
From the New York Press.
Circumstantial evidence and the possi
bility of wrongful conviction thereon tire
topics never lacking in interest among
lawyers.
That the courts often are justified in ac
cepting circumstantial evidence as eonclu
s ve there can be no doubt; neither can
there be any doubt that convictions on
such evidence have been obtained against
innocent persons over and over again.
One of the most remarkable of wrong
ful convictions came to light in Boone
county, Missouri, in 1893. Seven years
curlier George Watkins, with his young
nife, removed from Kansas to Missouri,
settling as tenants on a plantation owned
t,v Andrew Hedgepeth. Hedgepeth re
mained en the plantation and soon fell in
love with Mrs. Watkins, who encouraged
his attentions openiy. Desperate jealousy
look possession of Watkins and several
quarrels over the woman occurred be
tween the two men. One day, having
patched up their differences, apparently,
Watkins and Hedgepeth went to the coun
ty seat together in a wagon. Hedgepeth
returned alone, saying he did not know
what had become of Watkins. A few be
lieved Hedgepeth’s story, but most of his
neighbors scouted it, especially as Wat
kins' overcoat, in the pocket of which were
hi- gloves, pipe and wallet, was found in
the wagon, where Watkins had left it.
Worse yet, there was a bloody hatchet in
the wagon.
Wrongfully Hangeil for Murder.
Hedgepeth's arrest and trial for murder
fo lowed. He seemed nervous and unstrung
while the chain of circumstantial evidence
being forged against him, but in
sisted upon being sworn. On the stand
he admitted frequent quarrels with Wat
kins about the latter’s wife, and aiso said
that they had quarreled over her on the
day they went to the county seat. But
he averred, with seeming sincerity, that
he had not harmed Watkins, who had de
clared his purpose to leave the country
rather than endure the existing situation.
It is probable that Hedgepeth would have
beer, declared guilty, any way, but prob
aM.ity was rendered certainty when Mrs.
Watkins went on the stand. For, in a fit
of apparent remorse, she swore that she
and Hedgepeth had conspired to murder
Watkins, and she apparently believed
Hedgepeth guilty, though she denied
knowledge of the crime in dettail. Being
, ,evicted, Hedgepeth appealed and got a
new trial, which resulted in a second con
vi-tion. In due time he was hanged, and
soon afterward Mrs. Watkins died of real
remorse. Six menths later the lawyer who
had defended Hedgepeth found Watkins
alive and well among friends in his old
Kansas home, where he had been living
quietly ever since the day he went to mar
ket with Hedgepeth-
Convicted of Killing; a Sololde.
Scarcely less remarkable, though it did
not culminate in an execution, was the
case of John D. Cochran, of Illinois, who
was convicted in the Wabash County
Court of murdering John Buchenberger.
Buehenberger went from Evansville to
Mount Carmel on Oct. 11, 1888. On the
15th he bought a revolver Next day, hav
ing been seen with Cochran meanwhile,
he was found dying under a lumber shedi,
his revolver near by, with one empty cart
ridge Cochran was arrested,
and a tissue of circumstantial evidence,
furnished mostly by Charles Beese. who
had served a term for horse-stealing, was
woven about the prisoner. The trial at
tracted attention throughout the Middle
West, Cochran's defense being a complete
denial. His attorney sought to prove that
Buckenberger committed suicide, but
could not prove it, and Cochran, being
convicted, was sent to the penitentiary for
life.
In 1892 It was learned that on the day
after Buchenberger's death his wife, liv
ing at Evansville, had received a letter
written by him on the day before the sup
posed murder saying that he was about
to depart from the world of mortals to
dwell with his Heavenly Father, adding
that his body would be found exactly
where it was found. Singularly enough,
though no pains were taken to conceal the
existent of this letter, Cochran's counsel
never heard of it. When Cochran’s friends
learned about it they lost no time in lay
ing the case before Gov. Fifer and he par
doned the imprisoned man without delay.
A Daughter's Revenge.
Several years ago William Shaw, a well
to-do citizen of Leith, England, was charg
ed with killing his unmarried daughter.
At the trial only eircumstancial evidence
was produced. It seemed conclusive to
the jury, however, the testimony being
that father and daughter had taren heard
to quarrel violently over her receiving the
attentions of a young man for whom
Shaw had an aversion. No one was pres
ent in the room when the quarrel occur
red, but high talk was heard, tiro words
"cruelty,” "barbarity” and "death" being
plainly audible. After the quarrel Shaw
went otit of the room, slamming the door
violently. A few hours later groans were
heard and when a bailiff broke in the door
the girl was found bleeding to death from
stab wounds. The bailiff asked her if her
father had been the cause of her death,
" hereupon she nodded her head feebly and
died. Just then the father returned in
high state of excitement and with blood
on one of his sleeves. Of course he was
orvloled and hanged, but before his body
bad been cut down a note signed by his
daughter was found. It announced her
intention of committing suicide, recited the
circumstances of the quarrel and closed
with the sentence: “My inhuman father is
'he cause of my death.” It was too late
then to remedy the jury’s excusable blun
der, but the records say that "a pair of
colors" was waved over Shaw's grave in
token of his innocence.
A Religious Difference.
A singular case of erroneous conviction
0,1 circumstantial evidence was that of
James Baxwell, n merchant of Gibraltar,
In 1811. Baxwell was a Catholic, and he
had a pretty J7-year-ohl daughter of the
unusual name of Eleiza. William Katt, a
l utheran, fell in love with her, but Bax
cll declared that the pair should not be
allowed to wed, going so far as fo oay lie
""uld kill her rather than p rmlt the
marriage. A few days later she dlsap-
I'nred. Naturally, Baxwell was arrester
u, 'l tried. Katt was the chief witness for
prosecution, and he swore to Baxweil’a
bn at of murder. Katt's testimony was
"info reed by other testimony that loud
'■ties had Itoen heard from a cave near
' Baxwell house on the day of the girl's
'b appearance; aleo by the fact that torn
I'lcccs of her clothing, with a lock of her
bair, Clotted with blood, were found in the
'•avo. The verdict was "guilty,” despite
Hixweli's protest of innoconcs.
"n the day ret for his execution Katt
"ai among the spectator*. A* Maxwell
ended the scaffold he called Kail to
dm. and, extending hla hand, declared
u ‘t he forguve the young man for swear
his life away. Jmrnedlateiy Katt be
"me excited, and, Just as the drop was
""'iff to fall, apranc forward with a wild
hr called. "Baxwell la Inno-
I am the only guilty man here!"
‘hi* iff*vented the execution, Mid Ibe
officials rushed to the aid of Baxwell. He
had talien in a faint, apparently, but In
reality he was dead from pure fright.
Kan then explained that the girl was
alive and well, adding that he had ab
ducted and secreted her. The cries in the
cave, the blood-stained lock of hair and
the pieces of her clothing had been "plant
ed to cover up the elopement, and out
ot revenge against Baxwell. The authori
ties locked up Katt, and the girl was
sent to a convent.
A Vermont Instance.
Russell Colvin was a farm laborer who
marriiM the daughter of Barney Boorn at
-Manchester, Vi., and for years thereaft
er lived with the Boorn family, which In
cluded two sons, Jesse and Stephen. No
love was lost between the sons and the
son-in-law, and Colvin Anally disappeared,
after a particularly violent quarrel be
tween the three.
1 10 m the first the Boorn brothers were
suspected of having made way with Col
vin, but it was years before there was
anything more than suspicion. Then a
hat recognized as Colvin's was found. An
old stump overturned, disclosing the skel
eton of a man. It was remembered that
the Boorn boys had boasted that they
had put Colvin “where potatoes wouldn't
treeze. The result was the arrest of
Jesse and a search for Stephen, who had
lert the state. In time he was brought
hack. In spite of the lack of posi
tive evidence the Booms were believed by
iheir neighbors to be guilty, and this feel
ing ran so high that their parents we e
expelled from the church, while the father
was held as being accessory to the mu der.
At the trial Jesse testified that, although
he had taken no part in the murder.
Stephen had confessed it to him, and. to
crown all, evidently in the hope of a len
ient treatment, Stephen owned up on the
stand, going Into minute particulars con
cerning the bloody deed. Jesse and Ste
phen were sentenced to be hanged, where
upon they changed front completely and
protested innocence.
The Legislature commuted Jesse’s sen
tence to life imprisonment, but would not
interfere to save Stephen. Asa last re
sort Stephen's lawyer, who. like everyone
else, believed him guilty, put an adver
tisement in the Rutland, Vt„ Herald set
ting forth the facts and calling upon Col
vin to declare himself if still living. The
advertisement was copied in a New York
paper and met the eye of Colvin himself,
who was alive and well at Dover, N. J.,
where he was employed by a resident far
mer. He went to Manchester In lime to
save Stephen Boorn from the gallows and
then Jesse was released from the peni
tentiary.
FAMOI S AS A DETECTIVE.
Senior Chief Inspector of Scotland
Yard flan .Just Retired.
From the London Telegraph.
One by one familiar faces are disap
pearing from the detective branch of New
Scotland Yard, which is still known as the
criminal investigation department, presid
ed over by Dr. Anderson. The latest of
ficer to retire on pension Is Henry Moore,
senior chief inspector, who has just com
pleted thirty and a half years’ service in
the metropolitan, police.
Of what stuff was the old type of de
tectives made, if we may take Mr. Moore
as an example? His career, everybody ad
mits who has followed his work, has been
of a highly successful character. This de
served meed of praise has been given to
him not only by home secretaries, the pub
lic prosecutor, judges, coroners, commis
sioners of police and his fellow detectives,
who are not load judges of a man’s quali
ties, but by expert professional criminals—
men of education, who, adopting nefarious
courses, are known as the “classical mem
bers of their fraternity. But, above all
other descriptions Of work. Mr. Moore has
devoted himself to the unraveling of mys
terious murder cases, until he has been
recognized as an authority, and his name
has, therefore, been associated with many
cases that are still fresh in the public rec
ollection.
Many of the cases in which he has been
prominently concerned during the past
couple of decades have not yet died out of
public recollection. One of his earliest was
the notorious Wimbledon poisoning trage
dy, when Dr. Lamson, in 1881, adminis
tered aconite in a capsule to his crippled
cousin. Percy Malcolm John, a school boy,
and afterward coolly walked into Scotland
Yard, never thinking that he would be de
tained, or that guilt could be brought home
to him.
Perhaps no officer had more anxious
work to discharge in connection with the
so-called “Jack the Ripper” Whitechapel
murders than Mr. Moore, but he is reluct
ant to talk of those trying times, though
in common with his colleagues he has
formed a shrewd surmise as to the identity
of the actual miscreant, who is now dead.
Still more recently he was engaged in
running to earth at Toulon the French
man Ravellot, who, In October, 1894. mur
dered in Okl Compton street. Father Ga
briel U. Sequil. Then, again, upon the
murder of Antoine Brosetti, at a house in
Castle street, Long Acre, in November,
1897, it was Mr. Moore who secured the
arrest near Turin of Guiseppe Ravettl,
who is now undergoing a sentence of thir
ty years' imprisonment for the horrible
crime, the motive of which was to secure
the old shoemaker's hoarded gold. Mr.
Moore appeared also in the proceedings
against Dr. Collins, charged with having
caused the death of Mrs. UzieHi.
Murder, alone, however, has not been
the retiring Inspector's specialty. It Is
sufficient to recall his investigation of the
Langtry jewel case, and the part which
be and Inspector Richards played in trac
ing the perpetrators of the great stock
transfer stamp frauds at Somerset House
nine years ago; and also his successful ex
posure of a notorious blackmailer, Charles
Grandy. alias Le Grande, whose victims
were titled ladles. He has had pass
through his hands upon their arrest an
ex-London county councillor and a former
lord lieutenant of Worcestershire. Mr.
Moore was engaged, with ex-Chief Inspec
tor Tonbridge and Inspector Froest, in
the mass of work entailed by the steps to
procure the conviction of Wright, Hobbs,
Newman and Balfour in connection with
the Liberator frauds, and he tells an amus
ing story in relation to the return of Bal
four to this country.
"When Balfour was expected at South
ampton the order was given that no press
mail should be permitted to get near him.
Froosl and I hired a launch and while
the reporters were looking all round the
hotels for me we were lying off the Isle
of Wight, waiting for the ship with the
prisoner on board to come up in the morn
ing. Then the press tug came down, and
the men aboard did not realize that Bal
four was on my little launch that steamed
past them. Suddenly they suspected it.
anil then began a chase to Southampton.
The tug passed us. but went Into the Em
press dock, while I slipped to another
place, where a carriage was waiting, and
so we evaded the whole crowd of inter
viewers."
"Did you ever stand In danger of your
1f... Mr. Mo re?"
■I thirk 1 did when I Jura ed Ino the
van containing the fifteen ingots of sil
ver Two men were at the hack. That was
in the case where thlrtv-one ingots, value-1
hi £1,900, had b en s olen f om he Midi nl
railway van In 189fi, and me of them weift
font -1 In li e I'onsesrif n of a man who r--
eently committed suicide. It was then that
1 run 1- Seret. Harris renre*,nt him elf
is a ii y r. . nd I In 11 sud him wl.h 11 60)
ii I S'k ty ld t rlirw die men who held
ihe hu.k "f 'he stiver. T ey might have
mur- e *d him h and they uspecl and h: 'den
" -What I'M Men sour moat extia rdinnry
"1 re all a case where s man waa w-nt
.d’ tn ihe Will J tail ex. lit m traced lo
THE MOKNING NEWS: SUNDAY, DECEMBEK 24. 189&
Fimlico, but I found he hat gone away
from the house an hour or eo before I ar
rived. The only clue was that he had t .k
--en a cab with a gray horse. My game was
to look for a gray horse in a cab, and I
had not walked a quarter of a mile boro e
I hailed the driver of such on animal. It
was the very cabman I wanted. My man
was not inside, but I succeeded in arrest
ing him at Liverpool and took him back
to the West Indies.
"I recollect another case in which, while
tracing the abduc or of an heiress, I came
upon another couple who had eloped un- •
der precisely the same conditions from
Germany.
“Once I had a curious presentiment. A
mail was arrested for fraud and as he
stood in the dock at the police court I
felt that he had something upon him. lie
had been searched, but I had him s arched
again—still without result. But I still was
conscious of the same presentiment, and I
had him stripped. In his sock there was a
iiitle bottle of poison."
OREGOJI HORSE RESORT.
Remains of file Ancient Three-Toed
anil Two-Toed Animnls Have Been
Found.
From the Portland Oregonian.
If you stampede a band of cayuses any
where tn Central Eastern Oregon, they
will run, unerringly, in the direction ot the
South fork of the John Day river. A no
madic Oregon, equine’s itinerary is never
complete without at least one pilgrimage
to that point before death. If convenient,
he goes there to die. The steep slopes of
the bald hills in that region are strewn
with bones of thousands of his kind. If
he dies elsewhere, his spirit visits the
place, anyway. These things, for twenty
years profound puzzles lo the people of
this section, have been explained only af
ter science has taken the matter under
consideration. It was left to Prof. Thomas
Condon, state geologist for Oregon and one
of the most learned and ardent paleontol
ogists in the West, to make this discov
ery. His hypothesis, based upon paleont
ological finds, is plausible and weird, ap
parently impossible, yet true. Brletly,
Prof. Condon has defnonstrated. that the
region immediately contiguous to the south
fork of the John Day river is horse heav
en.
It has long been remarked by stockmen
of the John Day valley that the south
fork held some weird and wonderful at
traction for horses. The fact that it was
a region of scant grass, of steep hills, and
of vast wastes of metamorphosed rocks,
precluded the possibility of its attracting
by virtue of any superiority as a grazing
ground. In the light of the stockmen’s
years of experience the matter was pe
culiarly inexplicable. It is the natural be
lief of any one who has much to do with
horses that the cayuse is a creature of
appetite, whose rosiest equine aims and
ambitions do not mount higher than un
limited oats and no harness; that given
free rein he gravitates inevitably toward
the feed box, and that, allowed to roam
the prairies free and un trammeled, he ar
rives ultimately, with a regularity almost
astonishing, at the best accessible feeding
grounds. The stockman thoroughly un
derstands, perhaps, the materialistic side
of a horse's nature, but, obviously, his
experience has never led him upon the
discoverey that there is a spiritual side
as well.
The South Fork of the John Day river
finds its source among the myriad canons
and gullies of Bald Butte, in Grant coun
ty, thirty miles east by south of Canon
City, in Eastern Oregon. It is a moun
tainous region, neither ecenieally, lovely
nor agriculturally possible. And yet it
presents one of the most Interesting geo
graphical formations known to that ab
sorbing science. For here are found pa
leozic fossils in such abundance as to
have attracted to the legion some of the
most eminent scientists in America.
The first and most important excava
tions were made by Prof. Condon in 1884.
His researches extended over a period of
four months, during which time he un
earthed fossils dating from the earliest
ages known to geological science. His
most important find, however, was the fos
sil remains of an extinct variety of three
toed horse, calculated to have existed such
a number of years ago as to be beyond ttie
counting.
Paleontological discoveries in various
parts of the world have demonstrated ac
ceptably that the horse is a prehistoric
animal, who had undergone peculiar
changes since his original inception. His
evolution is traceable through successive
ages simply by bis toes. Dating from his
creation with three, he has been tracked
through the million of years of his exist
ence as a species simply by his evolu
tionary discard a nee of those members, in
the neolithio age, after unnumbered centu
ries of life with three, he Is discovered
with only two. To-day, reduced in length
of hair, in strength of tooth, shorn of
shagginess, and fed on oats, he has but
one. The evolution of man, as compared
with the evolution of the horse, presents
this peculiar distinction—that while man
has perfected in his fingers and toes, and
has even increased in the number of the
latter, during the progress of the ages, the
horse has traveled a different road, and,
while not degenerating (for the latter-day
horse Is nearly perfect), he has lost his
toes. Whether it is a realization of this
saddening fact which impels the twentieth
century cayuse to visit the graves of his
ancestors in the South Fork region can
only remain a matter of conjecture. That
he does, however, is a most astounding
fact.
Prof Condon's fossil horse was an eocene
relic, deposited some time during the dawn
of the existing order of things, In the ear
liest tertiary strata. The bones of his two
toed successor of the neolithic age have
also been found on the South Fork, relies
of a later era, the middle or miocene di
vision of the tertiary period. The relics
of these small, shaggy, two-toed equines
are also frequently found in the pliocene
period of (he tertiary deposits, which, al
though a few million years old, is just
back of the quarternary, or most
recent of periods. The South Fork region
abounds also in fossils of the cretaceous
deposits, which are the oldest known lo
geological science. Relics of more recent
age are in abundance as well. The oc
currence of these fossils in the South Fork
country in such correct chronological se
quence, and the fact that they embrace
relics of all the weli-defined ages, mark
the region as particularly Interesting to
paleontologists. It was this fact which
attracted Prof. Marsdi of Yale, one of the
most eminent scientists tn America, who
brought to the region a corps of enthusi
astic paleontologists, three years ago, and
who mode many valuable finds, duly
chronicled In scientific publications in the
East. Harvard and Princeton have also
dispatched expeditions the results of which
have prominent places in the museums of
those universities.
Prof. Condon's three-toed horse is now
in Yale. It Is one of the most valued fos
sils ever found in Ihe West.
A relic of bos elophantus columbianus,
or Columbia elephant, found In the fossil
deposits of Hangman's creek, in Idaho,
is another paleontological gem taken from
the Northwest. Bos has been articulated
and Is now in the Smithsonian Institution,
at Washington. His hight Is calculated
to have been eighteen feet.
A scientific expedition from Harvard will
visit the Bouth Fork region in the spring.
Princeton also contemplates another visit.
That two horses, separated by millions
of years, should have selected 'he Houih
Fork of the John Day river as a dying
ground and that their toeless successor*
should at this late age display such a sen
timental yearning to go there and shuffle
off this mortal coll are matters marvelous
*nd mysterious. It Is smal wonder, then,
<ltl Ihe suggestion Hint the South Fork
Is horse heaven Is accepted as explaining
these profound phebonru ru.
HEROISM ON THE DEEP.
STIRRING INCIDENTS IN I,lt ES OF
SEAFARERS.
Trenton's Gallant Crete—Their Tri
bute of Cheers, ns They Go to
Death to the Ssvrtl Englishmen.
Other E\nmples of Bravery,
From the New York Mail and Express.
Capt. Gaskill sat on the remnant of the
house top He had divested himself of
most of his clothing in swimming to this
unsteady life raft and he was bitterly cold.
The thousands of broken timbers from the
George L. Colwell, his steamer that had
foundered earlier in the day, were scat
tered broadcast over the ocean wherever
the horizon met his eye. Not a trace of
the remainder of the crew, thirteen in
number, was to be seen.
A dozen gulls attracted by the debris
that floated over the ocean, as the mighty
combers tossed it about, flew up, low and
earnestly, to where the sole, survivor sat
on the house top. They came close to the
famished man and then went flapping off
to the eastward, leaving him alone with
his hope. Presently a great man-eating
shark turner! on its hack close to the
Imprisoned raft, and then a second and a
third. Beyond these and the solitary ma
riner there was not a living thing in
sight.
If Seemed a Iteqiitcm.
The sun went down as It has done on
many shipwrecks, and the wind sang a
dirge. Capt. Gaskill felt that he had to
die and—why not die game? Now and
then as the sharks came nearer than usual
-he lost hope entirely, but each time only
for an instant. For the life of him he
could not banish from his mind these old
familiar lines:
"Secure 1 rest upon the tyave,
For Thou, Oh, Lord, have power to save.
I know Thou wilt not slight my call,
For Thou dost mark the sparrow's fall."
Then he sang the most of the night to
the requiem of the wind and the deep
thunder of the sea. And when the Nava
hoe came along at last the sole survivor
of the Colwell was singing a song of
childhood, and the rescuers thought him
mad. “I was certain I had to die," he
said, in explanation of what seemed to be
strange conduct, "but I made up my mind
to die with a full heart and no white
showing."
Cheered Facing; Death.
The account given by the surviving sailor
of the Briitsh Atlanta is a brief, but tell
ing record of Che heroic resolution of men
facing death. "I swam to the boat," tie
said, "and got one arm over the gunwale,
the crew in the rigging cheering me all
the time. I knew they had to die; so did
they. But they continued to cheer and I
could hear them clearly above the roar
of the breakers on the shingle. When I
was cast up on the beach I looked toward
the wreck, but they were all gone.”
The Atlanta was lost with twenty-four
men on the coast of Oregon. Those men
in the rigging were on the brink of the
grave, reaching out for the sea that knows
no hidden reefs or false beacons and they
cheered! All the heroes are not made tn
♦he clash of arms and in the effort to pre
serve life. Countless ships go to their
doom each year and their sailors die <n
the most matter-of-fact way. Alp-like
waves snatch them up, close over them
and the smothered prayer drive them to
where the surf pounds the strand and de
posits them there limp and dead. That’s
the way the majority of them die. No
time for cheering., No time for prayer.
The melancholy sighing of the night wind
is the only dirge that is sung over them.
Now and then, as in the case of the At
lanta, there is a remarkable exhibition of
courage, bravado even. But instances of
this character can be counted on one’s fin
gers, anti a few of them at least are worth
the telling. Take the ease of the destruc
t.on of the British troopship Birkenhead
off Point Danger, Cape of Good Hope, Af
rica, in 18a2. This ship was freighted
with 500 soldiers on their way to Kaf
fir war. She was an iron paddlewheel
steamer of 556 horse power and her troops
were mostly raw recruits, consisting of
detachments from the Twelfth lancers.
Second, Sixth, Twelfth, Forty-third, For
ty-sixth, Sixtieth, Seventy-third,’ Sev
enty-fourth and Nlntey-flrst Regi
ments. Lelut. Col. Alex Setow
was in charge of the troops,
many of whom had their families on
board. With the crew, the total number
on board was 638.
The ship steamed past Cape Point, a
few hours before she struck, on Feb. 26,
1852. She took a sunken and uncharted
rock at 2 a. m., and the shock was so tre
mendous that the Iron plates of the bot
tom gave way. The sea rushed into the
hull Ifke a small Niagara. Instantly the
deck was alive with men, women and chil
dren. all greatly alarmed. Investigation
showed that but two lifeboats were avail
able for service, but strange as It may ap
pear, there was no display of selfishness,
and no impulse to take possession of these
boats. It was art unusually dark night, the
only illumintlpn being that of the stars,
but in the black hollows of the waves
numerous could be seen darting
about waiting for the pray that must
come.
Snnk I,lke Soldiers.
Col. Seton realized that the ship was
doomed, and that the majority, If not all.
of them must die. He drew them upon
the fast loosening deck and told them this
as calmly and satisfied, apparently, as if
he were reading mustering out orders.
“We are all Englishmen and soldiers," he
said; “let us behave as such. There are
two boats. Just two and no more. These
belong to the sick, the women and the
children. We belong to God. I want every
man to see that the weak ones are saved,
if tlhat be possible."
First came the sick, and they were
handled by stout arms with a mother’s
care. Next came the children, and then
the women. There wasn’t a speck of room
in the boats after that except for a few
members of the crew who were to row and
direct, and the boats left the ship's side
and passed into the blackness of Che night.
There was no weeping, no shrieking, no
wringing of hands. Surely the women had
the hearts, of men just then, no matter
what they did afterwards. All the help
less were saved without a single exception.
The soldiers ranged up in line with the
sea water as high as their waists, stood
there there like statues. They had never
been under fire. They had never seen
their comrades fall dead and wounded
around them, and yet they stood there to
the last and not one broke rank. The ship
parted amidships at last as all hands were
singing a national air, and then came the
swirling, revolving smother, and the first
thought of the plank. Even then it was
not every man for himself. Strong arms
thrust pieces of wreckage into the hands
of those who were unable to grasp them,
and stout words of encouragement were
sung out above the eternal crash of the
sea Many floated ashore on the plank
and the spar, but the loss of life was ap
palling. In all 357 officers ;|id soldiers and
sixty seamen perished. Only 184 persons
were saved.
In Apia liny.
In the American Navy history has re
peated the story of the British troopship.
There was anchored In Apia hay, Samoa,
on March 19, 1889. three Yankee warships,
the Nlpsic, Vundalia and Trenton; three
German warships, the Adler, Kber and
Olga, and the British cruiser calliope.
Rear Admiral Kimberly was In charge of
the three United Hlatea vessels Tie Het
mans were then carrying mailers with too
high a hand in a government supposed lo
he subject equally to British, German and
American control. War looked certain and
probably would have occurred had not a
Rival hurricane broke.
It was really this prospect of war that
sowed the seed which the whirlwind gath
ered, for the momtng of the lath began
with a most alarming drop in the glass,
but fever heat was in the men's veins and
determined to see the International ques
tion out to the very last, none of the ves
sels would leave the battle-shaped harbor.
The latter at noon were worked up to a
goal pitch, and the warships were threat
ening to roll their masts out.
Still they held on. The Trenton lay In
the narrow entrance, her crew building up
fond hopes that there would boa clash
with the Germans before night came on.
There was, but It was an unlocked for
encounter, In which man had Utile (o
say.
The Nipslc and the Adler fouled each
other at the beginning, and then the Olga
brushed sidee with the Adler. The Eber,
dragging her anchor more rapidly than the
others, was the first to strike the coral
reef, where she went down wiih all hands
except four. The Nipslc on hour later
drove over the roof and struck a sand pit,
many of her crew being drowned In the
effort to get ashore.
The Adler came next, and smashed on
to the battered Eber. finally working clear
of her sister ship and banging down on a
spit with a broken back. The wind drove
her so high on this spit that when ihe sea
went down her hull was absolutely dry.
The Calliope, In great danger of tielng
ground to pieces by the drifting Vandalla
and Olga, slipped her cable and, working
against great odds, put to sea. In this way
she fras saved. The Trenton, with a brok
en rudder and fires extinguished by an In
flow of water, lay helpless at the entrance,
and to get to the open the British ship
had to steer between the reef and the
Trenton, a fair way. with as much as a
quarter of a street block to spare.
As the Calliope passed the Trenton the
crew of the latter broke Into a great cheer,
led by Admiral Kimberley himself. Cheer
aftcif cheer followed until the Briton was
well in the open and safe. "Blood was
thicker than water,’ said one of the men
of the Trenton afterward til explaining
why all hands cheered. Soon after the
Calliope escaped the. Vandalla crashed on
the reef. The Trenton held on until 3
o'clock of the 16th, when both her cables
parted like pipe stems. The hurricane
was at its worst then, and with railroad
train rapidity the ship darted for the
shore. The Olga was in her way, and
though more cable was paid out by the
German she could not dodge, and the Tren
ton fouled her.
Music In Dentil's Face.
Only for a few minutes, though. The
German commander took the choice of two
evils, slipped his cables, and with the aid
of steam and sail pul his charge ashore
safely on the sand. The Trenton. In her
mad rush for the reef, approached close
enough to tier sister ship, the Vandalla,
to permit rockets to be fired, and in this
way lines were run out to the Vandalla
and her crew taken off before the Tren
ton finally settled alongside and pounded
there. Only one man was lost on the
Trenton, and It Is a part of the govern
ment records In Washington that Admiral
Kimberley had up his band blaring uway
with “Hall, Columbia,” as the ship was
dashing for the reef.
The sinking of the German warship litis,
in a typhoon in Chinese waters, was an
other marked Instance of rare heroism.
The Iltls was lost July 23, 1896, at a point
ten miles north of the Southeast Ib-omon
tory, which Is a low reef-glrted island ly
ing about thirty miles southeast of the
Shan-Tung Promotory. A total of sev
enty-five officers and men lost their lives.
In all eleven were saved and these clung
to wreckage for two days. The gunboat
sank stern first and her fore part re
mained out of water. It is recorded that
after the vessel struck, all hands were
called to quarters, three cheers given for
Emperor William, and then all Joined
hands and sang a hymn as they went
down.
Sang IVntionnl Hymn.
The Aden left Y< k homa June 1 '<>■ Lon
don, with fifty-five passengers and a crew
of seventy-six, the majority of the inter
Lascars. She struck the reef June 9 In a
big storm, and only one lifeboat managed
to get away from her side, and the occu
pants of this subsequently perished. For
seventeen days immense waves broke over
the wreck, washing men, women and chil
dren into the sea. Miss Lloyd and Miss
Weller, missionaries at Foochow, were
among those who refused to go In the Ill
fated boat and stood by the wreck. The
two young women were among the first to
be engulfed after the lifeboat went away
on Its last journey. Three steamers passed
within a few days after the ship struck,
but they went on without paying any at
tention to the distress signals of the Aden,
If they saw them. One Jubilee Day, when
the whole of England was celebrating the
long reign of Victoria, the survivors of the
Aden, provisions almost gone, no prospects
of succor and drenched and famished,drew
together and sang "God Save the Queen."
They had then been thirteen days on the
wreck. They were rescued four days later,
at least forty-five of them were, and lam
ed holt dead at Aden by the steamer Mayo.
In alt eighty-six were drowned.
CURED DV 6TII INGE MEANS.
Doctors In Olden Times Prescribed
Wondrous Potions.
From the Cincinnati Inquirer.
A fragment of a curious volume has fall
en Into the hands of a local physician
which graphically describes the methods of
surgery of several centuries ago. When
it is considered that anaesthetics were un
known in those ancient days, the modus
operandl of the surgeon of the sixteenth
century must appear startlingly cruel In
the light of the present day.
The work Is that of Ambrose Parey,
who. In 1579, being then the much famous
“chirurgion" of his day, published a bulky
volume which became such an established
authority and held Us place for so long
a time that seventy years afterward it
was translated into English and published
in London.
In his first book he considers the gen
eral phenomenon of the body in health and
disease, and In the chapter relating to
temperaments and humors he writes: "An
humor is called by physicians what thing
soever is liquid and flowing in the body of
living creatures Inclosed with blood." Pro
ceeding to the "manifold divisions of hu
mors,” he separates them Into four parts,
distinct, in color, taste, effects and quali
ties. namely, blood, phlegm, choler and
melancholy. Exact in his subdivisions, he
says: "All men ought to think that such
humors are wont to move at set hours of
the day as by a certain peculiar motion
of tide. Therefore, the blood flows from
the ninth hour of the night to the third
hour of the day; choler to the ninth hour
of the day. Then melancholy the blood
flows from the ninth hour of the night Is
under the dominion of phlegm.
Equally curious Is the following on
spirits, which he divides Into "animal,”
"vltall" and “naturall.”
"The animal spirit hath taken his seat In
the brain. It is called animal because It Is
the life, but the chief and prime Instru
ment thereof. Wherefore It hath a most
subtile and airy substance. This animal
spirit Is made and hartiored hi the wind
ings and foldings of the veins and arteries
of the bra n, brought thither aometimes of
the pure air, or sweet vapor drawn in bv
the nose In breathing. The vital eplrlt is
next to It In dignity end excellency, which
hnlh Its chief mansion In the left ven
tricle of the heart. The natural spirit. If
such there Is- any, hath Ms station In the
liver and veins.'*
Describing ‘certain Juggling and deceit-
ful ways of healing of cures by such
means as fear, surprise and even by music
for spider bin', the music causing ihe pi
t.-ent lo dance so lustily that he shakes ill
ihe poison out of tils system." he Mims up
some of those heroic remedies thus: "I
would not cast the patient headlong out
of a window. But would raihcr cast them
sodatniy, and thinking of no such thing.
Into a great cistern tilled with eold wgto",
with their heads foremost; neither would I
take them out until they had drunk a good
quantity of water, that by Hint sodnld
fall and strong fear the matter causing
the frenzy might be carried from above
downward from the noble parts to the Ig
noble."
A medicine upon which he dilates at
great length Is "mumrnle." referred to as
the usual remedy for contusions, and he
describes It ns follows:
"Mumtnle is n liquor flowing from the
aromatick embalmens of dead bodies,
which becomes dry ami hard," and lie ng
ground Into medicine, was "administered
either in whole or potion lo such as have
fallen front high places, the firs! and last
medicine of almost all our practitioners ai
this day In such case.”
He also gives some grew some facts ron
necied with the preparation of "tmimm e"
when he says: "Certain of our French
apothecaries, men wondrous audacious and
covetous to steal by night the bodies of
such as were hanged and embalming them
with salt and drugs they dried them In an
oven so to sell them thus adulterated In
stead of true mumrnle. Whereupon we
an- thus compelled botti foolishly and
cruelly to devour the mangled and putrid
panicles of the carcasses of the hnsest
people of Egypt, or of such os are hanged,
as though there were no other way to help
or recover one bruised with a fall from a
high place.”
STORY OF % fIIINESF. HIORO.
Thirty-Six Ilnurs' Fight Against
Wind, Waves and Exhaustion.
From the Youth's Companion.
Heroes are of all nations. A story told
by Mr. Granville Sharp of Hong Kong
concerns the deed of a Chinaman who has
08 good a right to the fitle of hero as any
man who ever stepped aboard a boat.
Mr. Sharp was on a steamer chartered
by the French government to tuke troops
and admiralty stores from Hong Kong to
Tonron, the first French settlement In
China.
The captain had been ordered to make
Inquiries of the fishing liolus In the bay re
specting some Frenchmen Who had been
cast away. While pursuing his Inquiries
he was so unfortunate as to run his steam
er over a rock. To stive her from total
loss he beached her, and then engaged
two Chinese Junks lo tuke him and his
crew to Hong Kong.
The crew went In the larger Junk, while
Mr. Sharp went with the captain In Hie
smaller one, which presently met with n
terrible Typhoon, lasting more than two
days. Masts and bulwarks were swept
away and the rudder broken. The Chi
nese captain of the Junk, together with hts
crew, believing that death was at hand,
went below, got some opium and became
Insensible,
Fortunately three Chinese firemen, taken
from the steamer, were on the Junk. They
had been fishermen and know the coast.
To these three men the Junk was commit
ted, and they handled It as best they
could In such a elorm. Three times the
rudder was broken, and three times they
repaired it.
Of the t'hree men only one was able to
steer well enough to save the damaged
rudder. He had lo keep a constant watch
upon the waves, and be ready lo ease off
the wind as they approached. With no
one to relieve' him this man stood at his
task, the rain falling In streams without
cessation.
For thirty-six hours the brave fellow
never once lei go his hold. A boy stood by
him and pul food between his lips al In
tervals, to afford him strengt h to con Unite
his almost hopeless task, lie saved the
Junk and all aboard her, and won his
place among Ihe heroes of the world.
SPECIAL NOTICES*
SPECIAL NOTICE.
City of Savannah, Ga., Office Clerk of
Council, Idee. 23, 1899.—The following or
dinances nre published for Ihe information
of all concerned, and notice Is hereby
given that In acordanoe with the provis
ions of the said ordinances, all obstruc
tions In the shape of bicycle racks and
other encroachments beyond the limit pro
vided for must be removed by the 2d day
of January, 1900, or the parlies so offending
will be placed upon the Information
docket by the City Marshal.
WM. P. BAILEY, Clerk of Council.
It shall and may be lawful for any per
son or persons lo display their goods,
wares and merchandise on the sidewalks
of said city In front of their places of
business In show cases or otherwise, pro
vided that no person or persons shall oc
cupy more lhan two (2) feet (6) six inches
from the wall or front of such place of
business with any goods, wares or mer
chandise, or with any show case for the
same, and that no person or liersons shall
be permitted to put any of their goods,
wares or merchandise on the curb or fur
ther than (2) feet (6) six inches from the
wall or front of such place of business,
provided, that nothing herein contained
shall be taken to give any person or per
sons any rights in the streets of the city
of Savannah which may not be revoked
at will by the said the Mayor and Aider
men of the city of Savannah In Council
asembled.
Any person or persons who shall ob
struct the streets or sidewalks of said city
except as permitted by the ordinances of
the city shall, on conviction thereof In the
Police Court, be fined In a sum not ex
ceeding one hundred dollars or Imprisoned
not more than thirty days In the discre
tion of the Mayor or Acting Mayor pre
siding In said court.
PROPOSALS wanted.
City of Savannah, Office Director of
Public Works, Savannah, Ga., Dec. 22,
1899. Sealed bids will he received ai this
office until Monday, Jan. 1, 1900. at 12
o'clock noon, city lime, to furnish the city
of Savannah with supplies until Feb. 1,
1900. All proposals must be made on offi
cial forms, which can be secured at this
office on and after Saturday, Dec. 23, 1899.
Envelopes to be marked "Proposals for
Supplies." The city reserves the right to
reject any or all bids. Bids to lie opened
In the presence of bidders.
GEO. M, GADSDEN, Director.
BIDS WANTED.
City of Savannah. Office Director of
Public Works, Savannah, Ga., Dec. 22,
1899. - Bids will he received at this office
until Monday, Jan. 1, 1900, at 12 o'clock
noon, city lime, for furnishing feed as fol
lows: No. 1 Timothy hay per 100 pounds;
beat quality feed bran per 100 pounds;
best quality corn per bushel; best quality
mixed oats; to be weighed at the city lot.
Envelopes to be marked "Bids for Feed."
The city reserves the right to reject any
or all bids. Bids to be opened In the
presence of bidders.
080. M. GADSDEN. Director.
ELECTION OF CITY PRINTER.
City of Savannah, Office Oletk of Coun
cil. Dec. 30, ',B99.—Notice la hereby given
that an election for the office of City
I'rlmcr fer he year J9ot will take place
at the meeting of Council lo be hefl on
Wednesday, the 27th day of December,
1899. lids lor same must b- handed in Ihl*
office on O' l ef.re ihe 27th day of Decem
ber. 1899, 2 p. m. The city reaerve* the
right io reject any or a I Olds
WM. P. DAILEY, Clerk of Council.
JtProf, Dexter
One of the Most Sneeexsful ta
il"'l'll. Lang anil Throat Specialists
la the World.
FORTY YEARS' EXPERIENCE.
We have letters on tile at our office
from the late I’. M. Grant, ex-Priridcnt
Arthur, Samuel J. Tilden, Gen. F. T.
Dent, brother-in-law of the late U. S.
Grant; Gen. Cutter, ex-Paymastqr United
Htates Navy; Gen. Spinner, ex-Unlted
States Treasurer under the late Abraham
Lincoln: Mrs. John G. Carlisle, wife of
United States Treasurer Carlisle of Ken
tucky. In President Cleveland's Cabinet,
Washington, D. C.; C. H. Jones, former
Editor of the New York World, and many
others quite as prominent.
From n Very Prominent Gentleman
of This City, flie Owner of Oar of
the Largest lingeries In This City.
Prof. Dexter:
Savannah, Ga., Nov. 16. 1890.
Dear Sir-When 1 went under your treat
ment two weeks ago I was In a very low
slate of health, suffering from lung
trouble, kidney disease, sore throat and
general debility of the whole system. I
was also a great sufferer from heart af
fection. 1 am now feeling fine. When
I came to you I could not sleep, I could
not retain food on my ntomach. I was in
such a weak condition that I could not
even relnln on my stomach beef tea. I
call now cat any and all kinds of food,
and It docs not cause me a bit of trouble;
and ns for sleep, the moment I strike the
bed T am asleep and never wake up till
morning. I am positive that I am in per
fect health and am working hard every
day. If the public Ihink that the only
treatment you give your patients is sim
ply to make a few passes over their body,
they are mistaken. A more thorough
treatment could not be given and I wish
to say that 1 am very thankful to you.
Prof. Dexter, for the great good you have
done me, and 1 believe you can cure any
one If they are not dead. The public well
know that I would not write you a letter
of this kind If the facts were not Just as
1 state. Thanking you. Professor, for re
storing mo to health, I remain yours
truly. A. J. Hermes, 1601 Bull street.
Prof. Dexter wishes to state that hs
curett all diseases. Consultation free.
Office over Lyons', Broughton and Whit
aker streets. Hours 10 to 1, 2 to 6, 7 to
8 p. m. Noted physicians assist the Pro
fessor. The Professor guarantees to cure
all old chronic blood and nervous rtfs
eases, no matter of how long standing.
We manufacture all our remedies. Over
five thousand testimonials can be seen at
our office from those we have cured. We
have many testimonials from the most
noted people In this country that have
been restored to perfect health by Prof.
Dexter. Call and see the largest book
of Ita kind In the world, filled with thous
ands of letters from thoiie cured. Di
plomas hang on the walls of our office,
office very private. We never publish
the name of a patient or the disease we
euro them of without their consent. All
business strictly confidential. Quite a
number of our patients have given ita
permission to give their names and ad
dress to those who wish to find out the
great good they have received, hut not to
have their name and address published
in the newspapers.
A MINE XI IC.NTS.
gAUANNAH THErtTBKr^
DEC. 27 AND 28,
THELAMBARDI
Italian Grand Opera Cos.
OF niLAN, ITALY.
WEDNESDAY NlGHT—(Blset)
“CARMEN.”
THURSDAY MATINEE—(Verdi)
“RIGOLETTO.”
THU Its DAY NlGHT—(Verdi)
“IL TROVATORE.”
SKINORINA STEFANIA COLLAMARINI.
MEZZO-SOPRANO.
SIQNORINA AMELIA SASTENI,
LYRIC-SOPRANO.
SIGS. RUSSE and PETROUISH,
TENORS.
SIGS. BUGAMELLI and GALAZZL
BARYTONB&.
SIG. BERGAMI,
BASSO.
68 artists, 14 stars, grand chorus, superb
orchestra.
Price—BOc to *1.50. Matinee 25c to *l.
Seats on sale Monday.
RACES! RACES!
Christmas Day
-AT-
Thunderbolt Driving Park
Trotting, Running and Pacing.
THE OREATEBT RACE CARNIVAL
IN THE HISTORY OF THE TRACK.
STAR PERFORMERS OF THE 810
TRACKS WILL START IN ALL THE
EVENTS.
40-THOROUGHBREDS—4O
will line up for the word In the running
races.
Horses called at 3 o'clock.
Two and a. half hours of racing.
A. P. DOYLE, Manager.
SAVANNAH THEATER.
CHRISTMAS MATINEE AND NIGHT
DEC. 25.
The fascinating farce,
“MR. PLASTER
OF PARIS.”
PRlCES—Matinee, children 25c, adults
59c; Night, 25c, 50c. 70c, sl.
TELFAIR ACADEMY
-OF-
A RTS AND SCIENCES.
— Gallery ol Pamlinqs and Siulplure—
Open to visitors dally, except Sunday,
From 10 a. m to 5 p. m
Single admission 25c. Annual ticket* *L
II 1 i IVAN! aOOD material
and work, order your lithographed and
printed stationery and blank books (tool
Morning News, Bavaooab, Ga.
7