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POLITICAL. .
Letter iru.ii Hi rta.iaa to t'ouJy
"•■t l
Dear Sir :
Sirree t i jat hid ir; pi Mi tre of addressing
yoj, far ni >rc mspi.-jiaui tunas l trait are iik -
ly to dawn 01 the destinies of our ouiitry
thin cun Id have been re isuinaly predict'd
f mil' gloin.ai.l unpro ntsiiig aspect o:
aittirs. cj x n i iths ago, tne re i careev ul
ttie e!iuin|,,>* ol tin: i anti ra|>n!ly
harry 1114 our i 1 i>• rO'-s to tin; grave, but
i>i iiis in a kind Providence! that dread
cd eve it .1 as been averted by the returning
b'Use of justice, which influenced the munis
of States lien; w:io in sacrificing their prejudi
ces Oil the altar of concord, to preserve the
peace of th - Union, have not only exhibited
wisJo 11 and true greatness, hut have gained a
trio nph wnicu li is rentier and their fama imper
ishable, ami will transmit to posterity their
virtues for imitation. What a contrast with
the sordid and grovelling spirit thatwould do
homage to Mammon, and oiler up to Moloch
a inagaiianimous people, (struggling to 1111111-
tain their rights ) as victims to foul ambition,
and a lust of power. Tne present prospect is
certainly cheering, compared with the retros
pective view of our late position, which could
not have been surveyed without exciting min
gled emotions of disgust and indignation a'
i 1 r *pe 1 ted encroachments made hyt’ie friends
of dcsootisin and consolidated Government,
upon the rights of the citizen. The Tarill
of HX3—the offspring of co nlnni-d plot a:al
corruption—the l 10l of visionary Politicians
and selfish spe mlators, wis held out as a lur
to wealth, for such persons, wno were willing
to embark in the schemes of the monopolis s;
and rich spoils were promised to their parti
sans, each of whom was led to tmtgtne In
possessed a power equal to .Midas. The plan,
too, of freely drawing money from the Public
Treasury for sectional p irjxas .'S, and to further
their mercenary views, was secured by Legis
lative s.iiictiuil, and under the specious till
of the “ American System they determined
it should he considered as the settled policy
of the country,and arrogated the right of call
iflg it so It is the settled policy of the Gov
eminent of an absolute monarchy to enforc.
the edict of a Tyrant by tli sword and bayo
net against his oppressed subjects, and impi
ously to declire it onlv inferior to the Fut of
Heaven. It is the settled policy of a Turkish
Divan to inflict the bow siting on in-re suspi
cion,or by false accusations, to dispossess some
unhappy victim of his life and piop rty. I
thank God, however, that the free, sovereign
and independent States of this great Federal
Republic are composed of a population, of
which, the majority are too enlightened ever
to submit to be made the instruments of the
myr.irdous of power, and to he rendered sub
servient to the will of a faction. They will
I trust, never consent to perpetuate their own
infamy, by assisting to degrade the character
of the country, which it is (heir pride and
ambition to exalt and protect.
In the late contest with the General Govern
ment, for the repeal of the odious Tariff, the
Southern States endured with a patience and
aiinoat unprecedented in the an
nals ot the history ot il,, -re. „ i,,„n
were gradually annihilating th. ir agriculture
and commerce, exhausting their resources,!
and compelling them to be tributary lo the;
North. South-Caroliiia, in particular, after 1
more than ten years of remonstrance and una I
railing petitions, was spurned by that very
arm which should have been raised for her pro
tection—after finding every avenue to relief
closed against her, she at length assumed an
attitude worthy of the days of ancient Greece,
confiding in the rectitude of her cause, and
under the protection of a merciful providence,
she called on h r gallant sons to rescue them
selves from a most humiliating thraldom, and
the same spirit which inspired their ancestors
in the days of the Revolution with undaunted
courage and led them to victory, now protect
ed the Palmetto Bantu#, with more than
twenty thousand brave volunteers, who faith
ful to the State, were prepared to peril theii
lives and property in her defence. W lien the
nmv “ Bill of Abo niiialions” was enacted in
iu 1 33'2, by both Houses of Congress, and all
prospect of redress b came desperate, did she
seek to dissolve the Union, or to disturb the
pence of tile community by violence and an
archy ! The p. o >le of South-Carolina disdain
ed s» disgraceful a course, their cause was too
siered to be thus dishonored—they conceived
it to bode. to their dign.ty to proceed, “con
silio ct anims ,’ and having 111 th' ir sovereign
capacity bv their Delegates in Convention,
solemnly declared the Tariff laws of 18'JS and
null and void within the limits of tin
St ite.they resolved to defend their lib rtiesa
gainst Federal usurpation & aggros.s o 1, at any
& every hiz ird. Nothing daunted bv the il.
judged menaces of the Federal executive,ot:r
little Sparta moved on in llie even tenor of her
course—scorning the vindictive and slander
ous abuse of her political enemies—unmoved
by their pitiful arts to intimidate her, shestea-l
dilv pursued the path of truth and honor. \
will not soil my paper hy repealing the oppro
brious language which issued against her from
a variety of the most impure channels. In
short, nothing could exceed the venom ol
malignant tongues—no words were deemed
too caustic, or too gross with which to assail
the Friends of “State Rights and Free Trade;”
they produced no discord 111 onr ranks, but o
the contrary, served to unite us more closely,
and excited only contempt and derision, tdo
not address you. with the intention of acting
as the encomiast of our party; wo I. ave it to
posterity tojudge ofour conduct, ami to deter,
mine if we nave not been actuated by the;
purest motives of patriotism : time will prov j
how shamefully we have been calumniated,l
and that onr enemies have falsely arraigned
us for error of judgment, and unjustly impu-j
led to us a design to w it lid raw from the union.
From the commencement to the termination j
of our couitst w itii the Fed. rat Government.
South-Caroliua was distinguished for modera
tion, prudence and firmness. She nevi r do- f
iiiundcd more than could be sanctioned by]
the laws of Got! and nature. Congress denied
her justice. The Federal Court had no right,
to take cognizance of political questions, and ;
two-thirds of the State* of the Union bring in' (
favor of the Tariff, we Could have noexpecta- j
tion of redress from a general convention. How
taen was sue to act ? ratuer than ignobly suc
cumb any lo.iger to the will of a reckless
ui 'jority, she ha.! recourse to hei reserved
rignts, granted under the tenth article of the
ameiidin nts to tac Constitution, which ex
pressly declares, “Tne powers not delegated
to tile United Stales, by the Constitution, nor
pro.nbite.l by it to the States, are rt s. rveit to
no ■'tales reap ctively, or to the people,
dxiramo ,cas-s oft n require poweiful and
depurate remedies, which ought not be used,
except when there is a hope of success. In
the situation of Soutii-Curolina, Nullification
proved most efficacious, and a complete pre
ventive against Revolution or Secession. She
desired a peaceful adjustment of her differ
ences with the General Government—it was
folly to doubt Iter attachment to the Union—
the integrity of which she had ! ivised her best
blood and treasure in two wars, to preserve
under the most arduous circumstances. She
had never murmured or quailed, trusting to
her own moral and physical resources, she
ueyur calculated the cost when called on by
tier sister States to unite with them for the
general safety. She engaged in the Kevclu
iio utry struggle from principle—no state hal
so little reason tocompiam of oppression while
a colony. She was cherished as a favorite
child bv the mother country; but I will not
dwell on this subject or vaunt of her good
deeds, for which she has been so greatly dis
iineuishod, and poorly requited. Her ene
mies dire not refuse to acknowledge that
out for the measures a lopt. and by the Con
vention, no modification of the Tariff would
tave been mide by Congress, and without
them the monopolists would still have cause
10 exult. It is a just remark of a highly
estimable & distinguished Virginian that “cu
pidity was never yet known to let go its hold,
without being compelled by some threat
ening evil.’Such Ins been the unyielding and
rancorous spirit of. our opponents that they
contumaciously persist in denying to a State
tho right of seceding from the Union; warmly
espousing the doctrine of consolidation, they
endeavor to sustain it by the most flimsy and
fallacious argiim at, contending that the Fed-
eral Government is sovereign, tint the Unio:
is an itiir.i, not in tho common acceptation of :
the term, but “bona fide” a nation under a con
solidated Government, claiming unlimited
powers, and arrogantly disclaiming .all right
on the part of a State to be soveri ig 1 and in
dependent, or the people judges of what should
constitute their sovereignty, .as derived from
the Constitution. It is reduced to an axiom 1
that he who enters voluntarily into a compact,
has the undoubted right of withdrawing when
by a violation of it he is aggrieved by an at
tempt to practise imposition and deprive him
of certain privileges which by the conditions
of that compact be was entitled to enjoy. Can
it be supposed tart a free, sovereign and inde
pendent State should he bound against her
will to continue a member of a Confederacy
when the principles on which it is based are
infringed, and she is thereby loft to the mercy
and misrule of the dominant party. There
are certain civil anil natural rights appertain
ing to the people of everv free State, which
•tIU (llKlUicajil/iu una • * c ...i 4lrt |,
110 earthly power can divest them, but treach
ery and force. The sovereign right is inhe. ]
rent, originating with the people of the states, j
forming one great confederated Republic, un>!
ted by the most sacred ties of amity, interest j
and kindred blond; and if these should fail to;
preserve the Union—compulsion never can.
The doctrines ofState sovereignty,State inter
position, and the right of secession aro now
daily h- co ningbetter understood, by the peo
ple; and by no statesman, have thev been more
clearly and satisfactorily defined than by Mr.
Calhoun ; his reasoning on these interesting
subjects has hefcn so lucid—so truly worthy o(
his great and capacious mind—so perfectly
intelligible and convincing, that lie who does
not comprehend it,must indeed be unfortunate
ly dull. Mr. Calhoun’s arguments have been
termed by a member of the Senate, metaphy
sical, this appears somewhat quaint, perhaps,
ethical might have been applied with more
propriety. Mr. Calhoun’s remarks reply,
are so beautifully cfiaractei istic of his fine in
tellect, that 1 must be excused for introducing
them here, in an extract from his speech, on
what is called, “ the Revenue Collection
Bill”
“ The terms Union, Federal, united, imply
a combination of sovereignties, a confedera
tion of States. They ato never applied to an
association of individuals. Who ever hvard
of the United State of New-York, of Massa
chusetts, or of Virginia? Whoever heard the
term Ft tl. rul, or Union, applied to th aggie
gatio.i of individuals into one community I
Nor is tilt other point less clear—that the sov
ereignty is in the several Hates, and that onr
system is a Union of twenty-four sovereign
powers, under a constitutional compact, and
not of a divided sovereigntt between the States
l severally and the United States. In spite of
all that has been said, he maintained that sev
:rt igntv is, in its nature, indivisible, it is
tiie supreme power in a State, and we might
just as well speak of half a square, as hail* a
sovereignty. It is a gross error to confound
the tjcercinr. of sovereign pevvers with sover
eignty itself, or tile deb gallon of such powers
with .a surrender of them. A sovereign mav
deligitc liis powers to be exercised by as
many agents, as ho may think proper, under
such conditions and with such limitation as
he may impose, but to surrender any portion
of bis sovereignty to another is to annihilate
the vv bole. T»c: Senator from Delaware <,M r.
Clayton) calls this metaphysical reasoning,
which, he says, he cannof comprehend, if by
metaphysics, he means that scholastic refine-
incut which makes distinctions without differ- \
ence, no one can bold it in inure utter con- !
tempt than he,(Mr.C.,) but, if on the contra
ry, he means the ixiwcr of analysis and coup j
lunation—that power which reduces the most j
complex idea into its cl merits, which traces!
causes to tliciriirjt principb ,and, by the power
of generalization and combination, unites the
whole in one harmonious system; then, so l
far from deserving coot, nipt, it is the highest I
attribute of the human in.ml It is the power;
which raises in;n above the brute—which 1
di-tintmisiirs his f;icu!tixs from m< r v.agacitv 1
whicli he holds in common with inferior ani- j
nmls. It is this power which lias raised
.islroiioiii r Irom !» Inga mere gazer at
tin: lug 1 intellectual eminence ol a N. w on |
or Laplace; and astronomy itself from a m:ra j
observation of insulated facts into the ruble ]
science which displays tb our admiration thi
system of tins universe. And shall this high
power of the tniml, w inch has effected such
wonders when directed to the laws whicn con
trol the m .toridl world, be forever prohibited,
under a senseless cry of metaphysics, Irom be-,
ing applied to Ihe high purpose of po
litical science and legislation ? lie held
them to be subject to laws as fixed a; matter
itself, and to be as fita subject for the tpplica
tion of the highest intellectual pow ea De
nunciation may indeed fall upon the phiosoph*
ical enquirer into these first principle:, as it
did upon Galileo and Bacon, when liny first
unfolded the great discoveries, v. hid have
immortalized their names; hut the ti:n> will
come when truth w ill prevail in spite of jreju
dice & denunciation; & when politics aid le
gislation will be considered as much a science
as astrenomv and chemistry.”
So long as tiie Government ol the .Untcd
States is administered on the true spiriiand
principle of th ■ Constitution, the liberties of
the people are safe, bit if regardless of hat
■good faith which should be observed to all
en, the Government is guilty ot partiality in
bestowing exclusive protection to f.ivnjjil
classes, eiicouiagtng monopolies, raising up a J
monied aristocracy, attempting to' break npj
ihe usagrs of civilized society, by destroy inf !
all confidence between man and man, and by
unjust and unconstitutional laws,- oppressing,
the poor to benefit the rich, then it as not only]
justifiable, but it is (lie imperative duty of the 1
people, of a free, sovereign and independent
State, to interpose their authority, and to do.
dare ail such acts as violate their rights, null
and void within tho limits of tiie sam Hate.
Cheered and supported under :;ii difficulties
by a consciousness of the rectitude ot theii
■ours., and seeking no favors trom men, bu
adhering rigidly to virtuous principles, tin
Friends of Hate Rights and Free Trade ii
South-Carolina, have clung to tins Constiintnn
as to the- ark of th»ir political salvation, and it
was only in the last extremity, when oppress
ed by the Federal Government, that tiro' |
were compelled to seek redress by means ot,
Nullification, a term now in common use, too 1
frequently, perverted and most reviled when ,
least understood: held up (if I may be permit-,
t and so to express myself,) bv the .advocates of 1
coiisoliduiion as a political “Scarecrow or
1 Bugbear.” to deter the wavering and timid from
openly siding with tho injured pnrtv. By
some, it has been compared to a»lgnis-F.'.tuys,
beguiling its followers; and by others, denoun
ced as a political heresy. Tiie doctrine, how
ever, has proved too orthodox, for its enemies,
ami their Igriis-Fatuus, has passed intort sacred
flame, that neither tyranny or injustice can
extinguish.
In my next, 1 propose to enter more partic
ularly into the subject of State Rights, and
although I cannot flatter myself with the hope
of making anv new suggestions or useful re
marks, yet l shall at least have the consolation
of knowing, that my humble efforts have been j
—ptr.K,,ir<l to elicit truth by keeping alive «
spirit oi research, without wnY >l, erer> ,s>« b,».
cause may languish, and be irretrievably lost!
Remember that our victory is not complete,
and that much remains to lie accomplished. ■
In politics as in religion, there aro many val-:
liable lessdlis hy which we may profit, and ns (
applicable to our political situation, there is j
no better scriptural warning, than this. “ IL 1
that keojK-tlt Israel shall neither slumber nor j
sleep.” Let us watch then „ t i an eagle eye,!
the movements of our adversaries, and suffer
them not to lull us into a false security. IYr
mit me to express my sincere regret, that you
have found it necessary to rt iinqiiish the pub
lication of the Banner of the Cop,dilution
and have no intention 'of resuming ii at a fu
ture period. The zeal and great ab lity will*
which you sustained that valuable) pspe r , rich
ly entitles you to the gratitude of every true
Friend of Hate Rights and Free Trade. The
sound editorial remarks with whi:h it always
abounded, rendered it a most excellent prac
tical work on political economy. I hope that
pecuniary considerations did not induce jcu
to abandon it,or that want of punctuality on
the past of your subscribers, has led to it; if
so, l shall never cease to lament the cause,
knowing that you must have necessarily in
curred considerable expense.
With great respect, I remain vnnrs,
HERMANN.
Frnm tie Grurg a Msst-enz'r.
THAI HOimOE DUdeilß.
VOLUNTEER TOASTS.
By the Prccidc/U, (Gen. Elian Bc dl)—
J Liberty, Constitution, Union.
By Gen. Rutherford , Ist V. P. —The peo
ple of Georgia have car fully exammed tin
• net of ihe late Goii.eiitton at Mdledgevide,
and they will not acknowledge to Congress
the right to expunge from the federal com
pact the federal basis, by r j cim> it in on;
I own State.
j Cos!. S. Rockwell, of Mi.!!cdgevi!!e, up
jon bcin£ called on for a si utiment, ob
served, to substance, that the condition of
• Georgia -in reference toiler political *as
-1 pect with the United States, been
'just depicted, in strains of fervid ei.iquence
; by the distinguished guest of the chtizens
, assembled, lie could not hope to excite
! their interest by tiny observations which
jhe might make. He tgked- permission,
j thercibre, to forego nhy remarks that
j might have been expected from hum and
| simply offer a sentiment. Uviieving as
|he did, in the efficacy of trie doctrine ol
j State interposition against federal en- ]
j croaclnnpnts, which Ind been advanced !
j and so gallantly, maintained by our sister
j Suite, he would oiler the fid:owing:
1 The Ihqmt'.io ikuuitr umi t.tktngU- star, j
' elevated upon tiie ramparts of etate sov< r- J
!eighty—Whenever cither sh-ii! s nk, the |
i hopes of constitutional liberty will be • xtin-j
guislu and.
Gen. Robert AvgcSti s Uhvlu, of Ma- j
con when called upon hy the Committee, j
rose ami said iff siibstW’ :
Mr. President ; —ln availing myse\[j
r>) the kind of the Conirnittec
u address this numerous and respeetab.e ,
asdience. 1 do not indulge the vain hope
o' adding any thing to the true vaiue of
vhat lias already been said upon the vi- j
idly important subjects under tho conside-1
ntion of the meeting. Tiie only object]
{shall aim at, is, by a few suggestions, to j
bad the [>eople to an investigation and dis- ■
coverv of the truth, and to awaken them I
to a research, without which every cause,
however strong and impregnable, must
languish aud ultimately be lost. It would
be superfluous in me, after what has al-
ready been said, to array before this meet- ]
ing the alarming evils which impend over;
the fate of our country. It is sufficient
that we all know and feel that an awtul
crisis has arrived, which cannot be evad
ed, and that the question must now irre
vocably be settled, upon which depends
all that is dear to us as freemen. Our
adversaries, it is true, tell us that all cause
for excitement has ceased; —they assure
us that we have no longer any reason for
alarm, and that no danger, hoAvver re
mote, threatens our safety and security.— j
I beseech the people not to suffer them- ]
selves to be lulled into a “false security.”)
“ le that keepeth Israel shall neither!
slumber nor sleep,” Ilow appropriate)
the admonition oi the Scriptures to our j
present political situation! Let every]
man then profit by the lesson —let the j
keepers of our political Israel be watch-]
ful and unceasingly vigilant—let an eagle]
eye be kept \tpon the movements of our,
adversaries, and let us not indulge for one
moment the delusive hope that our rights l
and liberties are secure : it would be a fa
ta! mistake, and lead us to inevitable de
struction, What! shall we be ,told that
all is safe ? that no danger threatens us ?
and shall we be. persuaded to lay down
our arms, at the very moment when the
arm of the federal Government is uplift
ed to shed the blood of our citizens ? Oh
no, no. Now is the time for action—
now is the time to prepare for the awful
crisis which is rapidly approaching—now
is tho time, or we shall be too late, to de
fend the principles ot our Government
and tiie rights of the South, from the ruin
which a corrupt and tyrannical adminis
istration are bringing upon them. 1 atise
now—stop your inquiries.—cease your
exertions now, and oitrs, the best oi all
] couses, must languish and "id probably
bo lost, to us and to the world, forever.—
| If we have rights, now ts the time we
should know what are those rights, and
Itovv and* in what manner they may be
asserted and defended.
You have been told fellow-citizens, that
our enemies are numerous and powerful,
and you have neen admonished of you*
duty*to meet promptly and decisively all
opposition to the cause, it is your glory,
as freemen and patriots, to defend. From
ii.o unmasked. and undisguised foe,
I have no apprehensions. X wotnu ue
guard you against the subtle influence
and deceptive arts of one class oi poli
ticians amongst us, who I consider the
most dangerous and formidable adversa
ries of our cause. They seek to gain
\ our confidence, to betray you—they pro
fess to believe with you, on some points,
to enable them to mislead your judgment
on others of more importance—they ap
proach you under the hypocritical cover
of State Rights, to instil -into your minds
the principles of ultra-federalism—oh yes,
they will tell you that they too are the
friends of State Rights ; but do they tell
you what those > late rights are, and in
what manner they may be defended ?
Do they not openly oppose every meas
ure of redress which has ever been sug
gested by the sincere friends of State
Rights, and have they not only violently
1 denounced the only efficient remedy which
[ has been tried and which has proved tri
umphant, but have they not uniformly
treated it and its advocates with contempt
and derision ? And what alternative,
permit me to ask, as a remedy for the evil,
have they proposed ? None, none what
ever—They tell you that your rights have
been invaded —that the Constitution the
sacred charter of your liberties, has been
violated-—that you have been plundered
and oppressed—and they are willing to
admit that all your compl.untsare just and
.reasonable; yet in the same breath they
declare that von have no power of redress,
or if it exists, they will not point it out
Away, away with such abandoned deceiv
ers. Human invention, animated and
aided by human malice, could not draw
the picture of more unlimited, merciless
and outrageous enemies.
i Fellow-citizens, suffer me to say one
word to animate you not to despair of the
l final success of our cause. It will tri
: umph, it must triumph, if its-adveeates do
! not abandon it from pi-gmatute despair,-
he doctrines of State Sovereignty and
; State interposition are becoming daily bet
ter understood by the people. Let pro
per measures be takemto disseminate cor
| rect information and sound political priii
!ciplcv, and who -shall doubt that “-'late
Rights,” before half the days of the pre
sent generation expire, Will become the
prevailing doctrines of the entire Uouth,
and ultimately the principles upon which
this government shall again be administer
ed ! For myself, 1 will never despair,—
Through the darkness and thick gloom
which now hang around up, i look forward
to a bright day of triumph and prosperity.
Yes, I believe that the man is now living,”
and now acting, who shall redeem ihe
principles of tGovcrnm ~.t fr<**n the
overwhelming construction which the!
measures of the present infamous admin-;
istrutton are preparing for them, and that
he will not oulv survive to witness the ac
complishment of Ins great and glorious)
i work, but to t ecetve tiie reward which a
i generous and grateful people will bestow j
j upon their benefactor. 1 mean the man
j who lias sacrificed a popularity such as
■ no otner man in this country ever posses
! sed or can hope to gain—l mean the man
who has generously put to hazard the fame
! of a long life of arduous and faithful scr
; vice to his country, in the success ot his
efforts for vinuieating Southern rights and
Southern principles—l mean
JOHN CALDWELL CALHOUN, ]
The triumphant]
vindicator of “State Rights.”
[The shout of approbation with which (he
annunciation of the above sentiment was re
ceived, proves beyond all doubt, tiiat the peo
ple of Gcotgia generally, like the speaker,
have givey up ail prejudices for or against
particular individuals, and aro determined in
Titure tube guided alone by principles in
I their choice between men.]
i Misabeau B. Lamar, Esq- answered tne
] call of tile Committee with the followingob
-1 servations in substance :
A desire has .been expressed by my j
fellow-citizens wild I am proud to call my ;
friends, that 1 should make a few observa- j
tions to this osKeirildy before reading to j
them the sentiment which I have prepared
for the occasion. It is with much re
luctance that I rise to comply with their
wishes ; for l am so little practised in pub
lic speaking, that I am. oftener than other
wise doomed to the mortification of a fai
lure when forced by circumstances to tin
performance of the duty.—And it I am ca- j
sily disconcerted on ordinary occasions, I
what must be my embarrassment in ad
dressing an assembly where the liignest
intelligence prevails. But even though 1
might have all the accomplished oratory
and soul-stirring eloquence ol tlie gentle
man whose address this afternoon lias
imparted so much 'delight and instruction
—1 mean the distinguished guest, whom
this meeting is intended to honour for his
fidelitv to his constituents in the Conven.
tion of last November, still would I have
i mv doubts as to the propriety of taxing the
j time and attention of this assembly.
I Where is the utility or necessity of my
j speaking to an enlightened auditory when
| 1 have nothing to say that may be pleas
ing, and nothing to impart beyond their
own intelligence ? 1 have no hidden
knowledge to unfold, and no novel truths
to utter. ’I he utmost that I can possibly
do would be but to recapitulate old mat
ter, anri adopting the mercantile phrase,
say “dUto” to what has been already said;
and said too in a manner far beyond the
happiest efforts of my humble powers.
Now if the foes of my Hate were present,
peradventure I might have something to
sav. It is known to you all that the Sou'.li
is threatened with the sword—that Ad
miiHMiaiKrn v-.l,—ounce i? now impended
over us. We are told that if wfi do m t
! qniellij submit to the burdens so unrig!ite
| ouslv imposed upon us by the tariff’, that
j we shall be made to submit by lire and
sword. Now my fellow-citizens, if these
who have planned and cherished this mur
j derous project should attempt its cxccu
j tion.—should dare invade us in hostile ar
ray—{other,i\ might possibly make free
to speak,—l might have something to
sav,-—and if I could pot address them in
the style of the orator, or wiiit the ability
of a Statesman, I would at least speak to
them irrthd spirit of patriotism and with
the becoming,boldness of an injured free
man. Ask yc what would he my lan
guage? I would-say, audacious tnarau
; tiers, welcome to the field of argument—
] but if it needs be so; if you prefer ifithricec
1 welcome to the field "of arms. As trai
j tors to liberty, justice and humanity, 1
j would brand them to their faces, and hur
ling defiance at them I woufil tell them
that we meet again at Philippi. Such
I would be the character of my salutation—
i what would b aynttrs? Suppose the enc
; my were already upon our borders, head
led by a mighty chieftain, mounted on hi:
] war-horse—his sabre flashing in the sun
1 and his red plume waving in the wind—
j hell in his heart and murder ;n his eye
-1 what would be your reception of him ?
Perchance some recreant, loving life more
i than liberty might bow at the loot stool of
j the tyrants mercy—perchance, some dis
appointed aspir.-nf, a prey to coroding
passions, or miserable partisan whost
] iiictious vengeance is stronger than his
: patriotism, might strew flowt*rs in tho in
] vrider’s path and cry “God-likc warrior !
wt! :ome to conqiu and to glory.” llu
; vou mv brave failow-fcilovv citizens, who
i have wisdom to discern youi rights vir
,t ;e to appreciate them add, valor so main
tain them, what would be yjur language?
•—lt cannot be mistaken —l know it well.
Your voice would I": the cannon’s' roar,
I M ith one heart and a thousand swords
you would meet the invader at tpe thresh
old and saY, audacious traitor ! welcome,
bat “wolcome to your gory bed.” But
m}' friends when 1 look around me 1 be
ho'd no foes. J hear not the invader’s
tread —l see not not his broad banner and
his blood-stained hand. Perhaps his in
tention was only-to Intimidate —i! c o, he
lias ailed, as certainly fie would in any;
attempt l<) execute the threatened ven- j
geanoe. Here all tire friends—l meet]
tiie glances of no angry eve, every look;
is beaming with good will, and in Ihe
cause of freedom “merrily every bosom
boundeth.” Is there any one in the sound
of my voice who*|. vc';not his country—
hose heart is insensible to the injun.
is State_who is loth to lend a V
and to right her wrongs ? Is then
ne here so lukewarm in patriot!*
00l in his devotions to liberty, th a .'
eeds must be stimulated to duty bv
ieals to his conscience and his "fed,
Jr is there any one more despicable
o lost to virtue, and abandoned t„
bat is demoniac in nature, tha’ ii
billing to join a band of murderous
•auders, carrying desolation j n
•ourse and leaving famine in the re>
lie all horrible purpose of enforcin'
:tis own people—upon his native or a
led land—a law which lie himselfdea
aes openly as unconstitutional and t
ic? No, No—it cannot be. The i,
bility.jast admitted that there mjJ,
such, a decent respect for human ni,
must now deny—there br athes ni
moos er so insensible to guilt and sti
I look upon this assembly as a bai
patriots, few in numbers but S | r , jr .
prinriplc; associated by the strongs
aments that bind the virtuous to<reth
the love of country and the hatred of
pression— Do 1 err in this conjed
Surely not. Having then no (best*
due and no lukewarm and erfiiy/i
to reclaim and cheer, what can h
I have no views peculiar tomyfclfK
upon the consideration of this* fed,
no interest to defend or ndvatwßof
own, separate from the interests 0 f
State. There is no diversity of,
merit or views to reconcile—your so
are my Felines, your principles mv
ciples. Indeed gentlemen ifeciforcib
propriety of laying no heavier tax
your time & patience than merely to
known to you my abiding faith in th<
right doctrines wind) I have always
fesscd. and iny increasing attach™
the rights and interests of the so
•
cause those rights and interests are
brought, more and more into ieoj
1 almost foresee their final subver
nothing can save them but virtue, n
ism and unanimity in the Southern!
Other people may boast of a more i
Tied patriotism, but for myself I;
confess*that 1 !ov» the South mors
Ido the North. Ask you the reas
is because 1 love the oppressed, moa
I can the oppressor. I am not a
those of such uni c-rsal and imiii
natc bcnevoltme-’ as to make so i
tion between 1 iglit and wrong-vit
vice.—Belwc'f n the brave, highai
i«ut deeply injured people of ;he S
and the cd- ! leaded mercenary c
istsofiho mam.fiveti,ring States, ii
an essential ikiicrenoe, as wide 1
distinct as I*l it uhi. it seperates trd
falsehood,lightand darkness. Bat lit
not in tli,-1 ! ■ • rv.xilon that porti to
- rnlsgaiikd or: ;..h 5 who injure fra
i ranee r.r.d : »t from malice; n,a
jean it c:.it ' those high mini!
generous pa it into who fed for lh*s
j which th dr ov. :i {icnple me inflict
, weald gladly ftv rt them if they 0
who v.t.li us .-:f: .he friends of free
, i.-'iiics* 1 t;l.mid conslilutioid
ly —.fi.r themrelvesand their
; iiu adn.-'ces rc-;;.ii.'ng from a vi
! >f n itioa.il tiiiti::', • blessings v.hk
rvv old i ;mt:. ’f.or 1/ ad, I,busier !i
] 01:• 1 r.o-iv;■* from lirateq;:aij
of pu’..Tc 1,:: ;!; w;:ich il isthtirl
i fa: Uc:ir a abtriois, I thiiti.'.]
the name of i!:- • w i.o!c Houtiiern 1
Jin the name of a race whose he)
j congenial v.i.!- y or own—animal
!no principle, 1 at the love of rijj
knowing n j !i,but the home oil
] Accept lite rnitiudc of an'insults:
! Too few ir* lunr.bers to save e
1 wrongs, and y<»ur native court,
i disgrace, vonr i.il ors in the cause)
dom ami the i ignis of the States,l
he dulv nr*yjt< i-ialed hy the pic
j ris!i gem: rnti<>:'. !mt posterity wil
• tier: 'a v,,:;r virtixs in the luaS
' uc.'iualifiwd •'•nlotry. But where
hi-torian find 1 u mge suffirtentlyi
jjortray in arFqua - -.' colors, thftj
an I i!df: ta!;’” tm-nsters, reppa*
: the riiuenf ni:. - :. wlioarelhe Irucj
;ot'all tli" diiii,'aim -and dangers I
jircsa nt l.c’M't < ">< “nee peacciin a 2 *
; porous •.•oimlry ? 1 mean that bioal
; diFgr.Sii: g —?hal frigid, |[Ml
;cfUiihiiii:;;, ;■ <•-. c:.icuintmgcstinuai |
wiio hv nn.'ius.i ■>: dl rr-'tirn trc-isun
ly wrested iV-ao the H-,.,;!:—are a
only to rfictroi drerr '
but toswav the <- rtneils ‘A
ami di.e ti:« gem .•„! k 1 _
vast Re | ’ablic. They role in fi* l '
tiV o : !,y fl;e power ] n
■ rr-.e.r, gi.' at ir on monopoiß'-J
'.vim ii lii'M.ya, ctyblcs the vx-'H"
i", i'i uniry t.. en.-iave ti:cigr.t>r, M
; ’ ml' nt,: !in our national
T,!r ' 1! civ krt u.vn and
biiitv 10 ic:.)' the icrtur.o or
sju'Cts oi nr.i itmus
aie liie people vviio are lO'N*
th- ills that ’have 1-chi I'f]
!nod it i »oi’ these that I sjx-tts.
irate a ci no iris >.l bet" u'; 1
faett ring capitalists oi the - v -']
bighminded. generous mi'* °'j J:
; I ■ Smith. B tween then,
i--:j! Rifle cr.cc, aa between *
!i:-!l. 1 cull not my words--"-
- hr;: -c ! leave to those
fame or favor. The J.iircß'”'-a*”
: 1 to; ini ml opinions '^ r ' y f" n(
to ii oral; and to motives. .
pi:m tvi •• ver manifest a
vttde the rights or impef - ;
. , "hers’ " h.ea M the ■- ■ ■