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POLITICAL,.
To tin* Pco;>so o! Hrorsin.
1 submit to you, for your mature e.ou-1-'- ra
tion, four reasons why the pro *< dings *>l he
late Convention should not bo II c !: <".
Ist. Because it gives t!:o mi .-oriiy, the
whole rule, alu! power of U mv. r..i ut
over the majority of the people. 1 ' in
stance, t!7 counties, eotitain*;*. .**:'■■■;■*■' on
of !31,004, free whit iuff.bi* . lie i.e
proposed alterations to the constitution, il ra
tified, w ill he represent! and !.y 00 in. to! ■ • ■
the Legislature; while *J ■ ren.aii.;. •'»
two Counties, contain ; ;' a ; tm; • 1 I
l»14 white inhabitants otdy, v. il !«• r; . . ti
led by 73 Meinl), rs in the I. :
JSv dividing the 132,614, w!i':e!i is tit.m!.- r
of the minority, by 75, which is t! nutnher
by which they’ WC represent and, it v. ill give
vou 1731 persons to each ripnsm
Now adopt the same fair rule Kti 1 u
ty, and give them a representative lor ever.
1731 persons also, and you will find that tin
09 members allowed them, will only repre
sent 122,889 persons; leaving a balance of
53,115 free v.hile citizens of the stale, be
longing to the majority, not represented at all;
which is equal to the loss of 3- representa
tives to the majority. Is this fair, just, or li
beral? But what would he the < vil conse
quences of this com e ? 1 answer, not only
the enactment of all laws would be placid in
th« power of the minority, but, by the elec
tion of Senators to Congress, it would give
to them the entire contrul of the interest of
the state, in that very important branch of
the Federal Government, and by the election
of the Judges and the other officers of the
state, the life, liberty, and property, of the
many, would be completely under the control
of the fete. For in all of flios, casis, a ma
jority of one vote in a joint ballot of tin; Le
gislature, will secure an election. But again,
in the event that a candidate for Governor
should not get a majority of all the votes
given in at an election, the Constitution pro
vides, that the two highest names shall he re
turned to the Legislature for theirchoict, and
that a majority of both branches, in a joint
ballot shall make the Governor. Thus it i
clearly evident, that the minority of 135,61-1,
can make a Governor against the united vole
of every representative of the majority of
131,004, notwithstanding the Constitution
has restricted the people themselves, under
an individual exercise of the elective fran
chise from making a Governor, unless it is
done by a clear majority of all the votes given
in. Here is a beautiful consistency indeed
in the constitution; the people denied the
power of making a Governor, unless it is done
by more than one hail of them. lit it gives
the power through the instrumentality of the
Legislature, to 155,000, to do the same thing
in opposition to tile wishes of l- l ,000. When
will wonuers cease?
Slid. Because the inequality of represent :t_
tion, the great evil of which the people com.
plain under the present constitution, is increa.
ted instead of remedied, by tiie proposed al
terations. For example, under iho present
constitution the 57 counties, containing a
population of 131,001 white inhabitants, are
represented by 85 members, which is one
member for every 21,800 persons. While tile
62 remaining counties, containing a white
population of 153,614 are represented by 91
mnL-infl nr.n mninl.ne fi.r r»lh>ry 1 l** !
persons, this shows plainly an Inequality of
759 persons to each representative, in dill" r
cut parts of the country, and constitutes tiie
strongest objection to our present Constitu
tion. To remedy tiiis great evil, was the pri
mary object, for which the late Convention
was called by the people. But what does
the alteration, the offspring of that conven
tion propose? To give to the 27 counties
having a population of 161,004 white inha
bitants, 69 representatives, equal to 2023 per
sons for each representative—and to the re
maining 62 counties, containing 153,014
white inhabitants, only 75 representatives,
equal to 1781 persons for each representative
—producing an inequality to oaeli repri sen
tative of 842 persons. A beautiful remedy
thi sis indeed, which increase;-the evil 1! per
cent, or produces, a v. i.ler difference from
equality of 63 persons, to every representa
tive.
3d. Because the proposed reduction, is -t
sufficient to produce any salutary i fleet upon
the interest of the great body of the people :
baton the contrary, the reduction ot the tax
es effected thereby, will produce a saving,
mainly to the richer, and not to the poorer
classes of the people. Let us examine this
position. Let us examine this po ition. —
Suppose the reduction of the whoK tax at
820,000, (a little above the real amount.)
The whole sum must he reduced r iteably up
on every item of taxation—therefore the ne
gro tax, —the town property tax —the Bank
Stock tax—the Land tax—and the tax upon
the Merchants stock in trade, all claim their
equal reduction with the poll tax; the only
one in which the poor man is interested.—
Now the Poll tax is assessed on those persons
only, who are entitled to vote, and it is a rea
sonable estimate for round numbers, to set
them down at 40 thousand. This would
make Hie whole poll tux of the state 6" 12,530
Whereas the general tax is fairly es'inn.tcd
at 8 130,666 —unking al! the other items ot
taxation, bear a proportion of m arly 12 to 1,
with the Poll tax. The saving then to the
whole of the people of the state, who are sub
ject to a pell tax, arising from this wonderful
reduction of 820,000 in the taxes of the
state, is here fairly estimated al $ 1066, or
about four cents to each person. Take then
into consideration the fa- t, that the four cents
a head, (and which constitutes a part of this
sum) is saved to the rich man, ns well as to
the poor, and that the whole of the residue
of the §20,000, say $18,534, is a saving to
the Negro property, and money tax : And I
submit the question to any candid man who
lias three grains of common sense, it the ad
vantages of this reduction, are not much men
favorable to the rich, than they are to lie
poor. Vet the poor man's ears ar. alum, t
deafened with the continual cry of “ rote for
ratification., and yon trill nave Bgo ' ••<”!!!
Such a palpable u.d liameful attempt to im
pose upon the poop! , calls loud:;, ft r tm-ii
mdighation, and show • tic great me < 11 fm '
a prompt exercise o; th< r l-cllcr judge
(Oil the subject, by r- J- t tin,' i p;e, •
would barter the rights of iff* m parity, to
ariUoerutir minor, ty, fur the pr. . t .
of four ceuLi ahead i.i !' .it. .
4th. And Ik-ciuim * ~•••• and ana *
went interfere** with (he - tdd m and b.. i* of
rapfcKfritatio.i in the litu'ion, umnitl.nr
♦*ed by the people, and inconsi. ti tit with the j
IJ**»t conflicting inter* H’ the '-"Jfitrv; r |
reconciliation of which, can alone secure |
peace and happiness to the lire; I- r any j
form of government whatever. For instance, |
i considerable* effort was made in tiie cooveii- j
lion that formed the Federal Constitution, to;
deprive the slave holding States of a repre-j
=ontation in that Government, equal to the
wealth and population of their section oi
country ; by depriving them of the enumera- j
tion of persons of colour, in ascertaining the j
census of the representative population of the!
states. It was contended by the stat's hold-!
ing slaves, that they ought to he numbered on I
the ground, that they composed the great i
effective labouring class of their population,!
and tlr.it as the taxes fur the support of Gov- 1
eminent would be mainly derived from those j
sections of country, which exported the iar- !
gi st quantities of produce, and conse qucntly,,
would become the largest importers of for.gn j
articles. And as those articles of cxporij
were in;.inly the product of the labour of tiie ;
Idacli population of the sections of country,!
where- they resided, it was but an act ot jus
tier* to those states, that they should have a j
voice in the Government, for the protection :
of this great and important merest; equal at j
least, to the advantages the (.'overnn.ent dr- ;
rived from their labour, as a part of the popti- j
lotion of the country, it was finally agreed,-j
that if the states would suffer their slaves'to j
bear a portion of tiie direct t, res of tho gc.v-;
eminent in times of war, &c.—as well as the]
indirect in times of peace, that they might be I
enumerated in the representative population
of the states, upon wliat is now termed the
feden 1 basis. Bo that it is clearly seen, that j
if tiie slave holding states had not received on I
equivalent in the constitution, by increased,
representation in the government, that they
n v. r would have submitted 1c the imposition
of burthens or taxes on their slaves, either
directly or indirectly. The same | osition
hold good hi ihe adoption of our state con
stitution, and it was agreed, that ns an c oin va
lent for the right of the Government; to tax
pi rsons of colour, that the counties iri which
they reside, should have tho priviledge. of
enumerating them, upon th£ principle of the
federal basis, as a part of their representative
population. (This priviledge is not secured
to the masters of the slaves, bat to tho coun
ties where they reside.) Now 1 lay down a
plain proposition addressed to the understand
ing of every man : Is it not, or ought it not,
to lie the hist object of government to secure
the highest inter! sts and happiness of the peo
ple under its controul—and when the.jseople
themselves are the conservators of then own
rights, is it reasonable to suppose, that cm
class, would yield a vital right into the hands
of another, and place it under their exclusive
control, without any security whatever, that
the power would not be abused ? If therefore
die government should now deny to the" slave
holding counties, tire right of numbering their
slaves as a portion of tiie-reprcsentativc pdpu
latum, then it must relinquish the right of
taxing them, for it is altogether idle to sup
pose that any people will for a long time to
gether,subnet to be compelled to bear an un
due proportion of tiie burthens of tiie govern
ment, without having secured to them, an
equivalent in their advantages. And if the
representation of theslaves is denied,anil the
payment of taxes on them refused, the deficit
oftiic slave tax, which is upwards of $09,000,
would have to ho added to tiie poll-tax, in
common with the otl'°i* ttl.jue.t-i of tnvation *
making the increase of the burden to the poor
man, ten limes as great as the advantage he
would gain by a transfer of bis legitimate
rights ami liberties for a few cents.
But you are told in connection with this
subject, « that-the poor man is now put upon
a footing with the rich man’s slave.” Never
was there a statement more palpably false, cr
a position, more deceptively taken. Suppose
a county entitled to two representatives, ori
the white basis; who votes for them? Every
tree white man who has attained the age of
twenty-one years—who has been a citizen of
the state one year; of tiie county six months,
and who has paid all lawful taxes required of
him by the government! Stifino.'R ’* .*;:nc
county, on the federal basff, cmri;;
representatives; whovotes for tlu'm ? Do not
the very same identical free white citizens,
qualified as above stated? How then can a
r.rgra be put upon a looting with the poor
man ! 1 submit it to you common sense, if the.
contrary is not Ihe fact: that the poor man
has all the advantages of ihe rich man in vo
ting, (or he votes for the name number of
members, that the rich man dors, and of contrite
must have the same number of votes : whereas
the rich man is paying' an additional tax on
his negroes, which the poor man docs r,o! pay.
Therefore, while tho poor man derive? all the
advantage of the. representation of ihe negro
population, which may happen to be in the
county where he resides, by voting himself
for an additional member, bo also derives an
important ndvnrffng** from the tax paid on tin
negroes, in as much as it has a direct tenden
cy to lessen that which is paid by himself.
Permit lrie, Fellow Citizens, to ash your
candid examination of the reasons, herein
submitted to you. Why vtfn sliouM not vote
for “ Ratification and suffer not the shame
ful, degraded slang of the country, about the
poor man’s rights to mislead you. Rely upon
it, the more you examine inter this matter, the
more you will lie confirmed in the fact, that
the rich anil poor man’s interests ill the same
community, arc Inseparably identified, and.
whatever goes to tiie injury of tho one, equal
ly bears upon the other. Our government is
correctly predicated, upon the dependant con
dition of every class of persons upon each
other; and however widely the nature of this
dependence may differ, yet it is tho strong
ligament that hinds tis as citizens together;
and he who would break it, by disseminating
error, for the purpose of producing discord
among the people, or in any othi r way, is
worse than a traitor to his country. The writer
of this at tide is a plain man among you. One
who does not seek for either office or distinc
tion, nor can he boast of wealth, beyond the
common lot of his fellow citizens, lie there-
I Jic believes that he !.. -a higher claim to |
their candid attention, Ijccae-u there is a per.,
feet identity ui interest between himself, and .
itie-gr. at mass of the c million people, to whom |
tiles ccsi) side rations nr** particularly addr.ss- 1
id. A CITIZEN OF IIA LL*
v * K i-Meu.i—'l In cnebrateii Annas;
Kendall, XX ho i*; .supposed to hold nil the
powers ot tin* iv.i cittjvcr, mid olio ol the {
Kitchen Gnbuici, lotiiio his appcainiice I
yesterday in Wall-xtrei t. Ile veiled iisl
! i* 1 'll i urna.ty n. the <*ch;l)iailed Hindi
Hawk; and had he retimim and visible foil
any considerable time, would have at-1
trn 1 ted v.. glent a crowd t ttwi him. I
GEORGIA TIMES ANSI STATE RIGHTS’ ADVOCATE.
h'romthc llaccrhxll (Mass,) Iris.
geokgia missionaries and ai-
BANY REGENCY.
It will be recollected that, when Governor
Lumpkin, of Georgia, pardoned (Messrs.
Worcester and Butler.) much speculation
was afloat relative to tiie secret inkuence
which had brought about so unexpected a re
sult just in time to save Georgia from being
subjected to the Force Bill. Juno and cir
cumstances bring all things to light. An c
lcction for Governor is to take place in Geor
gia. 'i':ie ce.utost is a warm o:: ;
s nt incumbent. Governor I.timpkin,am
jor Crawford, are the opposing candid .s.
The ele ;t;oii will turn mainly upon 11 1 ■ ■ cir
cumstance which led to the pardon e.f tin
missionaries. The supporters ot Cov' rnor
Lumpkin justify their release of the mission
aries appealing to his magnanimity and e; *:n
enev, r.gret ing to comply with the com! lions
ri quired of them, that they should leave the.
State. On the other hand, the friends of M ; -
jurCrwford maintain, .that the missionaries
were solicited to accept . fa pardon by Gov
ernor Lumpkin himself, tp which, aft; r much
entreaty, they finally consented——'To coun
teract the eii'cct of this assertion, Governor
I.timpkin has caused the publication of a
number of documents, among which ere two
letters ti»m leading members of the Ml.nny
iiegenry, wti...'' solve the tnvs-l- ry, and show
plainly by what n. ons tiio nussu.inrira v.- i.
released, the stern ana unvieidin’r <>ovc.*..-r
Lumpkin made pliable anti v ty e.oruli sevi.-
ding, and lova! Georgia, saved from t!.
terrors of the force bill, framed solely for t!.*.
meridian of i-'outh Carolina.
There is something about t!.:x. I/Usines:
worth looking after. Who does not recol
lect the determined, not to say obstinate,
stand; which this same Governor Lumpkin
took in refusirtg to show any, the small*--',
favor to Messrs. Worcester ami Betfdr. Be
fore tiie sovereignty of the State should re
ceive the small* s! pm tide of an injury or the
least moiety of her rig-tits should be ttilYins’ed
upon, or one stop which had been taken i.i r>-
gard to imprisoning the missionaries rhould
be retrae.ted, tiie Governor, the Legislature,
the judges of the Courts, anil the militia,
were all ready to perish in tiie last ditch !
But, r. ader! have you heard something of the
Albany Regency, its powi r and influence ?
That R-goney is no creature of the imagfim
tion. It is real—te-o real not to he fe..red.'
It makes and unmakes Presidents, and mouhis
Governors to its pleasure, hi all money
speculations its power is supreme, with the
exception of the l hilled States Bank, an insti
tution which it is aiming' to demolish, or
| bring into its wake and muter its control ;
anil, in this attempt, it will succeed.
This Regency, last wind i, wished to have
South Carolina punished for nullification no
tions, but was anxious to exempt Georgia
from the same punishment, hreaUsc the !nt
t r was a Jackson State. Many a trick ha.*-
been devised to got one of two rigttes
whipped at school, and not unfreqncnt'v has
the greater rogue of the two, by the interpo
sition of sou e interested .third person, es
caped “a reward of merit.” f-'o with Geor
gia : she it was that first set the fashion of
nullification, by proclaiming from her house
tops and high places, and through her public
journals, her determination to disobey the
mandate of the Supreme Court of tho Unitml
States, and rf.-ost unto death ovt ry ;itt‘Omj.t,oM
the part ot the General Go; nnuent, to set
the missionaries in the Penitentiary of Geor
gia at liberty A responsive Axiiin from ihe
President,only made the State more confirmed
in its determination. By and by South Car
olina thiows herself hack on her reserved
rights, and preaches nullification as well as
her neighbor Georgia ! Tut, tut ! this is a
not her affair. Georgia must sit upright and
have her face smoothed down, that IWtnn
Carolina may he whipped ! The Governor
of Georgia must pardon the missionaries, no
that the Proclamation and Force Bill may (»■
used iu w hipping only South C roh'na. Os
course the Albany Regency commences its
'operations to bring about this desired object.
■ 1 t’.-rs before rcfeircd to are* inline
dlately din; •;;i*hei! to Gov- i nor T/.unpkiu.
Oue of them is sigu-.d by Sih.s Vi rigiit, jun.
(U. S- Senator,) Azajruli C. Flagg, (Comptrol
ler of ihe State of Now Yoik,) anil John A.
Dix, (Ai'jut.iut Genera! ;) ami ihe. other by
William L. Murcy, (now Gevenior, turn L.
Senator,) 11. 11. W ull.vorth, (Chaueeljcr of
New Ye:L.) G. C. Bronson, (Attorney CL. n
- Simeon Do Witt, (Surveyor General.)
John Savr-gej ((.’href Justice,) Daii-.l Sutli-- r
-1 mi!, (Judge of dig Supreme Court,) anil some
others. All those we have named are mem
bers of tlic R.'geucy. Thi) ethers, wiio si,
id one of the letters, were probably induced
to do so i>it of Liciidship anil persona] logard
for Messrs. Worcester and Butler, 'i luso
letters justify the course of Georgiu-acknon 1-
edge Ihe justice and equity of tije imprison
ment —hut urge the release of the missiona
ries upon “political reasons.” “We now
speak as politicians,’ say these gentlemen.—
They then allude to the affair between .South-
Carolimt and the General Government, ami
appear very anxious that all danger of any
such cenffiet between Georgia and the G. ne
ral Government should In; put to rest! This,
they believed, could be done by the pardon
ing of tho missionaries.' They worked the
thing to a charm. Governor Lumpkin un
derstood their cue, an.! immediately i.-su- ff
his pompous thing,—we know not wlr.* else
to call it—granting freedom to Messrs. Wor
cester and Butler. Had Governor Lumpkin
maintained the same independent or de'h r
luine-u stand, in regard (e> the meddlesome in
terference nf the Albany. Regency with tin
internal affairs of Georgia, that he previous!*.'
did in regard to the judgment olgthp Siipuui
Court, he would have indignantly sent their
letters home to their authors, with the infor
mation that Georgia was not so great a fool as
to he obligi and to send to Albany for informa
tion concerning the best method to manage
her ownl>u;;iiics - But “eireumstauet s alter
CUOCS '”
Mr. oji.
.A'r. I.ongacrc, the eminent Portrait Pai.,*.
r r and Engtavi r,“!ias (says the National G i
zettf.) ‘fietnrried from (lie se.it of Mr. , ,;j.
smi in \'irginia, uhither fie went in ord. .• io i
obtain tho liken* vs of that illustrious P not, i
lor (he .Vitiom.'l Portrait Galh rv.” ’I he r..
semblnncc lias been pronounced nearly T .
1< cl by tbe* intimate friends of Mr. SLrh.-on.
Tiie original is now upwards of eighty vear*
old: in hi» look tin re is all tho vitality of a
mind the must lively, acute mid obsei, ant. i
Who w ill rot rejoice at the long coatin'! mee j
oftltc In ;»lih iniJ ftculti* , n hi'-h arc tim oj. I
do a*i rl
I>i;inor Sq oir. McDuffie.
It is known to most of our readers, that»
Public Dinner w as given to Mr. McDuffie, in
Ai'.'-ie*. the late Commencement. Some
of our EditorlUi Brethren, have been indiscri
minate in their censure of a!! personsco:i
cerne::," and scu-rc in their animiulyersious
upon Mr. McDuffie, in presuming, as they
s;.**, j .agmalically to intermeddle with the i
j-.r.r.itand polite sos Georgia. Foretir own J
part, w o cannot, if v. e felt Uispoged, drive cur j
feelings into tiie state 'of'cxnccrh'ntion, w*!nch ,
would influence us to condemn unqualifiedly .
the course of those, who gave the invitation,!
or thi •; uiiiet of iiim, who .. icepted it. Him j
]it cet.i to ti:is, that a ilistinguisiied itidivnlu-
Lil of a Sister State, cannot visit our own—
I .-amict attend a public Commeneetncnt —w ith
out hxvirg attributed to him tbe .worst of mo
[ live?, and the me t criminal of dcsigii?? 11
lpolities are introduced, must his rrtnatli he
l-Krmeticolly s alcd, lest be subject himself
i*o the imputation, of trying to influence pub*
;i!.c opinion.—of interfering with questions
.vitli which, he has nothing to do ? It (fiends
I —yea, political friends —to-' ..iff?! a v.iiiing
jiess'to testify their approbation of his course,
lml pay a tribute to talents, t!mt Have been
t*ic*o! ssfuliv exerted iu vindication of their
jrinciples, who is injured thereby ?’ whose
tights arc restricted ! whose privileges arc 1
lftninished ■ who in short, has a righttnoom- I
j (.lain l But it is said, the time was innuspi
ciotiß—and ibc pla**u was unsuit-.ble. for sue li
a manifestation of respt et. Did it inti r nipt
tho proceedings of the institution, or inter*
J idie w ith the arrangements of the day ! Had
1 >t in truth, any thing to do with Cotr.ii, *ncc
| merit ? If political discussions arc to lie pro
| hi Idled; and political arraiigei-nci.ts are to be
avoided—weft tfrd gned—make the interdic
tion go in i nl, —make Jt obligatory, it v«i eat:,
oh all:—but if yiiu v.d' meet in tho ( ullage
Chr.pel, and before flu* * Students of the In-
stitution, i*. the tallismtis; f a>; eagry d'*. at *,
discuss questions, that effect our ;ir*,t.j;'al pros
perity, and political happ:.*: —forcona:si"ff*
cy’s sake,deny not the right, question r<f*t
the preprictv of other.-* licnriug at sortie place,
separate and ilist ..etTrom the University, a
'distinguished Citizen e.f another" State, di's
cetfrre eh the same gifejeets, in' a style, and I
manner, ehiraeterized (at I fist)' by equal a
hilitv and Southern feeling. We believe how
ever, that it was tuff "mnppropffate to honor
“ talents uht to talents are < ifftivati-r 1 .”
lint it looked 'li!-..* int, ri'if and iiin ; v.itli err
politics. Indi e<i 1 I>o f!:e rights of the 6 ‘afet
belong to Georgia 1 Is the ;■;rcreigrity of the
States, ..entrusted, exclusively, to her care ?
Is she alone, in times of danger ; when, pow
i r is usurping right, and authority is sanction
ing the usurpation, to interpose the, aegis of
her protection? And must no one blit a
Georgian—even if request! ,:—speak within
the limitsuf our Station a" subject that oon
*cen s njl, that agitates cf-ry bosom, that in
terests every State, that is big, in all"ptoba
bilitv. with the destiny of our country ? It"
the doctrines of Mr. McDuffie TO;ffrtfc, and
his prineipb s cornet, there is no time more
lit for their dissomfninatibn than Commence
ment, and if tlirydm false and uosotind, there
is no place more suitable, for their refutation
and destruction, than Athens ., The whole
affair, no doubt, was unpremeditated, and
purely accidental—and although we differ
with Mr. McDuffie, in many of !iis political
sentiments and principles, yet, all who arc
not biassed by prejudice,!?; corrupted by in
terest, must admit, that lie has done his coun
try some service, cm! his day and generation
some good; and we do not regret that he
found.even in Georgia, men, who were dis
posed to treat strange's with civility and at
tention, and if their talents and services jus
tified it, with marked distinction. Such fas
tidious cautiousness ve noncimi -uel» sn
-prc-tnc selfishness wc condemn—and such
1* artless illiberality wc deprecate.
D ash. News.
[From tiie .Camden Republican.]
Such a rtatcof parties as now exists.in tiac
baited fftutcs. was, perhaps, never known in
any oll.ei* period of our history. tVe fimlAhe
Ruimusts o! tiio-iNoith, and tec Union State
llighl it.cn of the. South, i.i -peifcct e.xtacv
v. itliUnp sanro IVeaidant and tho aaiiieadtniii
. •trr.tnwi. V. e find Daniel Webster and those
*.v1.0 denounce the doctrines of Daniel \\ i li
st; r, as abominable anil heretical, firmly uni
ted in offering the most hountiud praises and*
a.lulatioii to Gets. Jackson 1 It seems to u~
impossible that t!ros« who profess to be iol
lowers of the doctr; i. sos ’9t> can reconcile*
tneir support to the Fresiuent with their pro
fessions, upon any other ground than inan
v. u.sliip. Is thy Freclamation a State Right
iiocnment ? Not a single man, so far as wc
know, iu tiia l mted States, has ever had trie
hardihood to avow it ? W ere the* Bloody Bill
ant! the Message which recommended il State*
Right measures or theories? Wo presume;
no man will undertake to say so. But then
w me to!d, that all Gun. Jackson s consoli
dation consists m theory—practically, his ad-
j iuiuislralion is an excellent on;:. And we*
i arc cited to the splendor ol his foreign uego-
I eiaiions—bis veins—his feats in reducing ihe
l.aitr—as proof ineonicstihle that hois a tho
reugii-going friend of the Iligiitsof tin* .'Staffs.
His I’l'c-iil.tiuatiori to be sure is imfprtun .te*—
not exactly rigid in point, of form. 50 s :v Li.
'an i.uii'ui tes ol *\ irgiina. i.’iit the.*; it is
ail liicory. i lie President has nii.'iimieistoo !
or misreprescideil. I tis practice* is excellent.
| Now, is the Bloody Bill a theoryJ If so it
jis ceriamly less ef!n*ucious than some of its
ardent friends in the Booth l*..;*. ; r< prescnteil.
j \> e have State Rigid men who support it,
because, they say, ii has put mqivii Soutij ( "aro
bna in asserting the Rigid of the States!
'1 *;i is logic, for the people.
i ic -Xorth lias gone over t,> the I’resident
hecruse* ius administration is a funeral
it pleasct; Mr. Wcl .der. lie crrtilir s (lint
vioii. Jackson uudi.tstuijiis pei iectly* tiie iloc*
trine of federal prerogative. lie raid eo j r;
i i'is Pittsburgh speech. 110 entered cordially
j into the support of the I’ri sklent on ibis ae
! count. The President asserts at the Rip Raps j
*ff:. In; is 111 Duncerstood. Pray who misun- 1
■h m'aiids him? Is it Mr. \V. hstor or Mr.
Ri chic? V. brie-in is lie misrepresented?
1 i h" made to lie too !*"( and. rr.l I,*, ]*.lr. IVebsti r
I r l.m KepufeHean hy Mr. RiV hie? Tin. sc
, : stntis have hern a.-ked a tlitnisr.iu! tk.ics,
m:d lio answer ii: s evi I* bn a |., , nl.
If lie is not ccrri"i!y understood or repot*-"
tee!, J. t tis have the ; rcc:.■ ** i rrors correctctl.,
II will lea Ihreub :.n tn.-k to accomplish it,!
ami permit (If Federal party of the North
and the Union p utyof the Sctilli It) necupv i
llm pnsitioii.! in which tiieir rcipeetive theo
retical j.roll .-si,n,s place them. * lor cniumii;
ore op' ii fer the effort. \\ ho will umh.rt.ak-- !
:l '
s’s>s££.o:s* !V. i
—— l
Euglaiul. .
We have hcen favored with t!ic perusal of j
a private copy of Mr. Grant’s bill for the fu- ,
tnre government of the immense empire in
(he East, which forms a part —an increasingly
important one, —of tile British dominions. —
VYc cannot enter into all its details, but in
tiie confident belief that, in all its most im
portant enactments, it will not fail to receive
the sanction of the Legislature, we venture
to congratulate the Government, ami espe
cially Mr. Grant, its chief organ in this and
nil matters relating to India, on the recogni
tion, in this H;-t, of principles the* most enlight
ened 'm! liberal; such as are clearly calcula
ted to extend commerce, to raise the moral
character of our Eastern fellow subjects, and
to cement more closely the union of both
empires, by the''strong tics of a community
cf interest. -
The following are among the leading de
tails of the Idll :
Tiie china trade is to he opened to all Brit
ish subjects, from anil afti r April next.
The Company is entirely to lay aside its
comtnefeia! character,' and assign to the
crown all its commercial assets, of whatever
kirn!.
Lull liberty is civ; n to all British-horn sub
s jocis to t o to, nod r< side at, all ports and pin.
! cos now belonging to the company, without
I licence: and this libeity may hereafter he
ext tided by tlie Governor General to other
placrs.
Liberty is also given to all Biitish-horn sub
jects to hold land, for any term not exceed
ing GO years; and, by consent of the Gov’r-
O; m ral, cither by law, regulation, or license,
for any longer term.
Slavery i.s to he totally .abolished in all our
Indian possessions within four years; aim in
less time if it can he i ffcct< <1 by regulations
mid t the authority of the Governor-General
in Council.
No difT: r :;;ce of religion, birth,descent,or
ccle.r is to he ary obstacle, per sc (Hear this,
ye West Indians!) to the hold of any otlicc,
place, or crnoiU.''ent whatever.
As regulations o." minor importance—the
great principle of equal ws and rights to all
classes being clearly define.;! ii.'ul recognized ;
the Presidency of Fort William is it* bcelivi
ded into tu o ; two bishops are to no added to
the west tit one, to he in subordinate an,.''Ci
ty to the metropolitan—the Bishop of Calcut
ta, ho being under the jurisdiction of the
Archbishop of Canterbury. The salaries of
those bishops, of die Governor-General, iVc.
are all fixed, and ore to be paid by the compa
ny, which i.s to retain the patronage ; and un
cle.-control of I’arliament, and of the Board
of Control, as tin organ of Government, is to
exercise, liming the continuance of the char
ter, the sovereignty of India.
France,
Paths, July fi.
The King has returned from his short
journey, and hascvciv reason to he satisfied
with reception even at Dieppe, which was
the liivo.ite spot of the Duchess (It- Beni;
during his absence the political quidnuncs
has of course hcen torturing their brains, to
concoct new modifications m the cabinet, hut
there is no reason to suppose th.it any such
will take place at present.
Paris, July fi.
The last accounts from Naples state that
the I Inc 1 , ess of Ilcrry was expected at Paler
mo about t ho end of June, and that the l’i inqe
of Campo. i’rniito, the father of the Count dc
Lucolicsi J’alli had prepared a magnificent
palace for the reception of Ins daughter-in
law, but tiie Duchess could not find he r lyis
bund there, as lie had disappeared, and his
family did not know what had become el him.
Messenger.
Italy.
Paris. July 6.
The state of affairs in Sardinia continues
most afflicting; at Genoa tiie persecution is
now directed against the Nobility, and the ty
rant seems to ho-acting on the 'i’arqtiin prin
ciple of striking off the beads us the idlest
poppies, ‘i'tie following arrests took place
between. lUih & 2tid June: The Marquess
do Dmazz.i, nephew of the last Doge, (this
Nobleman Laving refused to allow the carbi
neers to take their scats in his carriage, was
dragged through the town manacled like an
assassin); Maxinilian Spinoln, an old man of
70, of a ducal family and known principally
lor his.soil ohfic attainments,heinga frequent
correspondent ol Cuvier; Damago Pareto,
the translator of Lord Byron and son of tiie
first Syndic of Genoa; Count Balbi; the two
Marquisses Mari; M. Cambiaso, and the ce
lebrated physician Rtiffini; the last named
put an end to his existence the day after his
arrest by opening the carotid artery with a
toot.i jiick. All dies arrests took place on
account of the mere sus|>icion of libcrslism,
eras it is called per rnesuru economica. If
any thing could add to our disgust at these
proceedings,it would he the manner in which
they arc related in the ol.icml journal of Sar
dinia. The mixture of ferocity and fanatic
cirau ns revolting in the highest degree; the
minutest details ol the ( xecution are given,
and tiien a column is devoted to accounts of
the exemplaritv pietv of tiie victims, and the
delight with which they- received death as an
atonement for their otic ruled mother church!
Mexico.— Some important movements
have recently taken place in the republic cf
Mi Niro, to which v.c have not heretofore
call- I the attention of the public. The
clio’u eof S-'anta-Anmi, ns President, was re
garded as :i triumph to the liberal parfv, who
have been viewed .as somewhat inclined to
religious toleration. Early in June last,
plans llad Been matured, by the party most
disposed to give a predominating influence
to Inc Clergy, to revolutionize the rrovern
ment. iho first military organization of
tuis party, took place at .Morelia, two or three
hundred miles wist of the Capitol. Their
pretence was, tint the government was ma
kiiigcncroachnients on the Catholic religion,
.-•till know ing the influence of’lhc President, !
they did r.ot declare against him, but, on the !
conlriry, dcclp-ed him tiie protector of their j
van e,mill the Supreme Chief, otherwise the j
Dictator of tin iiatihn. .*-1.1110 Anna disclaim- :
id any pri tension to the honor which thev j
proposed to confer upon him, and marched I
an army ugnin-t the instirg. nts. The army
mniinied, arid Sauln Anna was hctrayid into I
the hands ol his enemies. While aliairs I
•'He 10 this -late, attempts were made to .
compel (lie 1 vi indent, prisoner ns he wan, to!
tign « mi nr niter cf Nl, mc„, Puebla and Vcrn
< r 0... ihrca'vningto -Iscot him if he refused. I
lis reply was—“let them shoot me ; 1 can.
lot betray my country.” He contrived also"
0 send word to the Vice President to pav 1.0
Mention to anv proclamation that might h e
ssued in his name while he remained a pris
>ncr, as he apprehended that forgeries of that
-iind might he committed. Much apprehen.
don was felt for tiie safety of Santa Anna,and
ihreats were made, that if he were shot 500
iristocrats should he shot in every State in
the Hi public. But fortunately, Santa Aana
ultimately escaped. He was, at the latest
dates, taking active measures to suppress tiie
insurrection : several Priests, and others sup.
posed to have been concerned in it, had been
taken into custody. A letter from Vera Cruz
dated June 15tli, to a gentleman in Pliiladel’
phin, says—“that all is certainly safe, anil
that a death blow will certainly be given to
tin I’,li sts and their faction.”
fcpsviu.
fieportid rapture of Don Miguel’s Fled
Captaiff < lark, of the brig Splendid, at New.
York from Tarragona, passed Gibraltar on the
Iltii July, and spoke the brig Commerce eff
the Book, the captain of'which informed him
“that Don Pedro’s squadron laid captured
I hat of DOll Miguel, and had put the whole
coast under blockade.” It will he recollected
that a Gil riltar paper of the Bth stated that
the two squadrons had been seen on the 4th
near Capo St. Vincent, suiting parallel with
although at a distance from each other. The
second edition of the Journal of Commerce
oiiluiiis tiie follow ing letter, dated
Gibraltar, July in.
A vessel from Barcelona stoplincr ad thii
port for a few supplies, gives me a moment
to confirm my respects of the 2Sth jnst- and
inform you, that news has just been received
of the taking of Don Miguel’s Fleet hv that
of Don Pedro; tint there ip little or no doubt
that the war in Portugal will find a tormina
linn during the summer in favor Donna
-Maria.
Prices continue much the same as last ad.
vised ; llcurv. rv dull, and the crops of wheat,
over abundant through all the South of Eu.
rope.
From the Saturday Keening Fost.
ALABAJU.
’i’iiis important . te was originally a part
of the Mississippi Territory; it has acquired
a population vary rapidly, and far exceeds in
•lumbers, the state from which it was taken,
ai,;l it is said lirat no part ol the Western coun
trv lut«- had a more rapid growth, in IbOU,
that portion 0* the presi nt htate of Miss ssippi,
which is now Alabama, had only 2,000 inhab
itants ! Ju JBHI H contained 10,000, and
when the writer of this visited it to attend
a land tile, in the wiliter 011820, ilinimbcred
|:17,000! By the census of 1830, IDU/kit
free whites, IJ 'l 52f> slaves, total 1311,8461
This rapid increase was partly owing to the
fame of its good lands and superior salubrity,
its contiguity to Georgia and the Carolinas/to.
which in its production and soil; it hears a
strong resemblance. Emigrants from the land
01 pine and cypress forests, are pleased to see
these tress in the new region to which they
transplant themselves, and the rush that was
made to it by the Georgians and Carolinians,
was sc great, that to he believed it must have
been seen. The route was through the Chero
kee nation, and never shall wo forget ttia
scene w hich presented itself on the whole line
of the turnpike road, which the Indianscou
• meted through their countryjand kept in tol
erable iepair. Encampments of emigrants,
of more or less wealth, were met with every
morning before breakfast, having their all
with them, and big wirli hope for the land of
promise. One family stiurk tis particularly.
A North Carolinian hearing “talk” of Ala
bama, had gathered up his shingle cart and
one horse anil was wending his way across the
Uhatahoocliy River, as our party was passing
in an opposite direction. The shingle cart,
which was so frail, that a Jcrsytnan would
hardly trust it to carry a load of sand, was
piled up with light articles of household goods
and the lean horse wended his wav as if lie
had come fr.cm the land w here pigs' hunt iu
coupb s, so as to assist each other when they
are so foituealc as to find a blade cf grass!
But the amusing patt of the cavalcade was
a unique vehiculum, composed alter the fol
lowing fashion Tw o rough shafts were fuss
tenet! to the ends of a whiskey iron.bound
hogshead, with [tins, so as to allow the hogs
head to revolve. In it was placed the family
bedding, A a lean milch cow acted the horse,
while in a trough, above the revolving beds,
Ac. sat high, dry aud airy, the children of the
family !
The mother drove the cow—the cask float
ed over the stream —the children Liny I • I, and
the chickens w hich accompanied them, cack
led and crowed in all the animation of travel
ers. 80 novel a mode of transport, induced
us to take a minute survey, when alipvas got
over, tiie mother took a basin from the cart,
milked the cow, and adding sonic coarso
bread, the whole group took a comfortable
dinnt r- Wo dare say, and lie old folks ars grand
parents, anil have a tine cotton plantation
—possibly, ere this so rapid are transforma
tions in America, they have rc-travcrscil the
same road in a coach and (a favorite mode
of travel in Alabama,) on a visit to Ballston
and Saratoga. Be that as it may.
Alabama has furnished thousands of such
emigrants, with all that they wished. It is
much more healthy than the maritime pur* B
of Carolina, and has a soil better adapted to
cotton.
The Governor's Missionaries.
t-in-cthc late difficult! between Governor
Bumpkin, am! the pardoned Missionaries b#
seerns to think it necessary to send other
Missionaries to this section of country. “His
aids though tow, feeble, and selfish, ' as si s
describes them to he, are travelling through
the Cherokee country, circulating Hat"!'
hills*' in favor of fl<iti/ieation, upon live result
of which, the Supcrintaulinl’x succcet in re
maining longer about the “Mighty 11orle
shop,” so much di pends. 1 , »
The Governor’:! aids, having despaired ol
his success upon hisown merit, are now en
deavoring to identify his prospects with that
ol Ratification ; upon which ground wc
willing to meet \ :n. The contest then will
lm between \\ i. ,ui Lumpkin, ami Ratifica
tion, and Joel Crawford, anil No Katificat 100-
‘The Handbills alluded to arc signal “ C-e'•
t.i ; r,” and (lie public are furwarne i "H I "''**
the doctrim s contained iu them, as the * u Pi’J* .
author is an ivowed udvicjle ■■!' tho I one 1 '
tin. Turin', am! the l’r>jclauialii*u,nnd no * r * Bo
edged federalist.