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Georgia Times* & State Rights’ Advocate.
BY ROCKWELL A KAIFOKO.
U3K2S
ANU
STATE KIGHTS’ ADVOCATE,
Publish'd lYeekly in the Town of MiU-dgeviUe'
AT THREE DOLLARS PER ANRI’S,
PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.
Advertisements inserted at the usual rates:
those sent without a specified number of inser
tions, will ' e published until ordered out, and
charged accordingly.
Sales of Land, by Administrators, Executors,
or Guardians, are required, by law, to be held on
the first Tuesday in the month, between ihe hours
of ten in the forenoon and three in the afternoon,
at the court-house in the county' in which the
property,!* situate. Notice of thetse sales must
be given in a public gaietto sixty days previous
to tne'flny of sale.
Sale* of negroes must be at public auction,
on the first Tuesday of the month, between
the usual hours of sale, at the' place of pub
lic sales in tho county where the letters
Testamentary, of Administration or Guardian
ship. may have been granted, first giving sixty
days nettics thereof, in one of the public ga
seltes «f this State, and at the doer of the
court-house, where such sales are to be held.
Notice for the sale of Personal Property must
b-given in like manner, forty days previous to
the day of sale.
Notice to the Debtors and Creditors of an hs
tate must he published for forty days.
Notice that application will bo made to
the Court of Ordinary for leave lo sell Land,
must be published four months.
Notice for leave to sell Negroes, must be
published for four months before any order ab
solaus shall be made thereon by the Court
POETRY. ,
] From the Metropolitan, for July.)
SERENADE.
Written fir Mozart's Mr, "Away with Mchnchol
lyf with Madam Catalan s vurutt.ons.
Uv *ir«. Crawford.
The matin faM.'.s * n P Mli "£'
•from tower am, ’arret grey :
And fairy steps are
O'er beds M areatlt. f hloom - awa y-
Awake from Golden slut,’’ ,ri *
That claim thee. Love ft. ’»• me :
Let Music’s softest me übers ,
Unlock the spell that bangs •*> es t ieß '
Ob! fly with mo. land and sea, )
Where steps may ro-ve.anJ hearts may. o'* e '*'
Where uestliag sweat,’mid boughs mat dn.'«
Os tangled vtsm, or eglantine,
!Jo- tot sliall rise ’nautii roseate skins.
Where Lova, uttwatclied, ut.iy oreatho her
iighs.
My nallant bark is lying
Beneath thy latln-e, dear;
And spicy gales are sighing.
To waft thee lo Love's rosy sphere—
There's freedom on the billow.
And music ill the wind !
Them Ellen, quit thy pillow,
Those silken ora ids of j-t to bind—
And fly with me o’er land and sea,
XI y long denied, nay plighted once :
In myrtle shades, and mystic glades,
Where Tasso roved, and Petrarch .ovedj
We’ll wing away the golden day—
On ! fly with tue—away 1 away !
lUSiULLANUUI'K.
history or an v> or lib
LiUL
WKITTEN BY HIMSELF.
From the earliest of iny recollection,
l have always entertained liberal notions
of men and tilings; 1 have such a tho
rougti and hearty contempt for meanness
of spirit, and lor jieople «»t narrow incus,
that l can scarcely regard them with com
mon patience, My lather aud mother,
and my old scamp of a schoolmaster, en
deavored to chain down my aspiring spir
it, and to degrade niy soul, by insulting
into my youthful m nd narrow and con
fined ideas ; but 1 was incapable dt re
ceiving them, and 1 spurned them as a
duck, wneit she shakes her leathers, scat
ters the water from her back. Ido real
ly hunk tnat common aiithmetic has a
tendency to nil the mind with mean and
pettifogging notions. I'liere is something
so ridiculously contemptible in that silly
accuracy of adding, suotracting, multiply
ing, and dividing, even to the mceuessoi
a single farthing. I never in my li e could
make a sum in arithmetic exactly right ;
and what in the name ot common sense
can a trilling hall dozen or so, one way
or other, signify ? That exceeding accu
racy of calculation shows a narrow mind.
My old fool of a schoolmaster told me,
that if I did not do my sums right, l should
never be able to keep a set ot books.
Contemptible fellow 1 Did be imagine
that l was ever going to let myself down
to the meanness and sordidness of book
keeping ? Look at those fellows who
keep books ? What a mean, dull, elodpa
tedrace of mortals they are—no wit, no
fire, no imagination, no spirit, no humor
among them, Look at them lumbering
up to the city’ by coach-loads every moi
aing from Islington, Fentonville, Somers
Town, Paddington, Chelsea, Highgate,
Hampstead, Camberwell, Peckham, and
from ten thousand other places ; aud th“U
lumbering back again in the evening, so
stupiiied with book-keeping,that they can
hardly tell the difference between bed and
pudding. They spend their whole lives
among figures, and so they never make
1 figure themselves. But it 1 was dis
l £ustcd wilh common arithmetic, how
much greater was my contempt ol trac
tions—bits, pieces, o.'ds and ends, cheese
parings, hairsplittings 1 I’eople may well
call them vuljar fractions. " hy, it 1 was
too liberal to care tor ten or a dozen, one
w ay or other, was 1 likely to care two
•traws for fractions—for halves, quarters,
eights, and sixteenths ! Nonsense 1 told
the man so to his face. “Sir,,’ said 1,
‘‘h’ive me leave to tell you, that l shall not
chain myself down to trumpery ft actions;
I have had plague euougit to learn
your common rules, and I will not stoop
®y aspiring spirit to calculate 6ums less
than a farthing. Give me the generosity
and nobleness of spirit that is above the i
meanness of calculation.*'
1 believe the man was struck for a mo
ment with the grandeur and sublimity of
my ideas, for he looked upon ine with e
■notion ana astonishment,while a smile ot
admiration was playing upon his features;
but presently summoning up the whole
j schoolmasters!:.p within him, he replied:
“All this is pretty talk—but how arn 1 to
show iny face to your father, if I neglect
to teach you what you are sent here to
learn ? lam absolutely robbing your fa
ther.”
‘ Well, sir," said I, “rob my father if
you like, 1 am not so narrow-minded as to
concern myself about that.”
“The boy is mad.” said the fallow. An,
that is the way I have always found it
through life. Whenever any individual
at all superior to the common run of mor
tals dares to act and speak from the gen
erous impulse of a noble nature, forthwith
all the low-minded sordid sons of calcula
tion exclaim, “ tie is mad 1” Poor narrow
souled wretches ! They have no notion
ol any thing that is free and generous ;
they are made to draw in harness—to fol
low a leader—never act from the impul
ses of a towering spirit!
A few months alter I had left school,
my father said to me, “Hob,” and 1 said, !
••Yes, sir.” “It does not appear tome, j
Bob,” said my father, “that you are much ;
the better for school.” “No, sir,” replied
It “nor to me neither. I think it a great i
mercy that 1 arn none the worse. That
mean-spirited fellow was always endeavor- i
tng to instil into me his own narrow no- j
lions, and making such a udieuluus fuss
if a sum was not right to a farthing ! Oh,
sir, 1 could not bear such beggarly notions.
» hat is a larthing, more or less, to agen
llemau, and a man of liberal ideas ?”
Aly father shook his head, and said.
“Now, my dear Boh, let me talk seriously
to you.” Then 1 shook iny head in re- |
turn, and said, “Now iny dear father, pray I
don’t.”
“But, my dear Bob,” said my lather,
■ “how do you expect to get through the
I world, without a little prudence and con
t,,; deration I” “Why, as to the matter oi
that,*. I replied, ‘1 may get through the
world so. ” lcr without prudence than with:”
"But,” said .' *’ y htiher, -it becomes a mat
ter ot iinporuO'* 5 that you should now
choose a proiess '*•*• "Du that point, ’
1 said. “1 am perkily indilierent; but
whatever prolession i ixdopt, 1 hope and
trust i shall currv into i.t the liberal ideas
ol a man ol high spirit. '" vv hat think you
ol the church i” ** Ihe church! W ii\
there are some men oi liberal notions in it,
but yet they art under some kind ot re
straint, and it would not suit my liberal
notions to undergo art examination by a
bishop's chaplain: those k'Hows are some
times apt to ask a variety impertinent
questions, which no man o» bberal notions
would care to answer. Thu !l l!| e style ot
Uress ery bad—always blaDk — no ’ sir »
that would never do. Besides, sir* there
are many pleasant amusements w ! ‘-'db u
clergyman is debarred ironi, whicu’ no
inau ol liberal notions would choose
surrender. No, sir, the church will ne' l l
do.” “ i’he law I” “As far as my obser- [
valion has gone, I have fancied the law
contracts tiie mind ; besides, sir, law-de- j
pends so much upon precedents and an
tiquated nolions, and ridiculous out-of-the
way old tashioned acts of parliament, that
ought to be buried oat of sight and iorgot
tcn. ’1 hen, you know, there is no getting
on at the bar without a great deal ot la-,
bur and study, and poring over disgusting 1
and wearisome books, wmch by no means
meet the views of a man ol liberal notions ;
Kcally.sir, with all due lespect to you and I
my grandfather, 1 must take the liberty to
say, that 1 Have uo such very high opin
ions ot the wisdom of iny ancestor. Gld
people, sir, are much addicted to enter
tain narrow views of things ; and law
has so much to do with antiqui y and by
gone notions, that i must decline it as a
prolession.” “'V ell. Bob, as you please ;
out you must do something—what think
vou of physic? “Don’t like it, sir; cant
oeaf the smell of drugs. Then to have a
gilt Galen’s head, or pestle apd mortar,
over one’s door,a transparency in the shop
window, advice gratis to the poor—to be
called out of one’s bed,or away from one’s
dinner—especially if i was dining out, as
gentlemen afe very apt to do—or to be
called out of church, and suddenly woke
in the midst of a sermon. To be accoun
table for all the crotchets and caprices ot
jalap —bah! No. sir, physic will never do.”
"But, Bob, you positively must do some
thing.,’ “Must, 1, sir, 1 am sorry, sorry
for it *; that word must is very annoying.’’
{**What <io you think of keeping a shop?”
•‘Can’t think of it tit all, sir; bowing be
hind the counts? to whimsical customers;
whom lam longing to kick \\ hats the
next article!—uh, no, »o! shopkeeping
will Pever do for me.”
So I could never make choice oi a pro
fession from ghat day to this. What a
pity it is that the state does not make pro
vision lor gentlemen of liberal notions ! so
that they need not be under the galling and
degrading necessity of stooping lo some
ilMinpory profession or peddling employ
ment to" avoid starvation J am really
quite disgusted when I look round upon
inv old scliool-lellows. and see some ol
them riding in carriages, and others es
tablished in lucrative professions, who
were once not half so well off as myself.
I'hev are rich, to be sure, but they are not
to ho envied, for they have exceedinglv
eoßti acted notions of thing?, U*no v they
.W#L 1/ ED «I!I'/l,LF, IFTO.VCSO.fr OCTOBER, 0, ISS3.
j were hearty, generous, high-spirited fel
lows, singing songs, and drinking deep
i cups ; but now they are as grave as judg
les, as sordid as jews. And as starched asj
old maids. They turn their backs on lh«ir]
old friends, and all their souls are abstrb
ed in making money. Sometimes, indeed, i
when I find my coat out at elbows, ind •
my finances scarcely equal to adinne: at;
au“ ordina y,” I am tempted to wish that;
I had adopted some prolession, and had j
given a little attention to the meanness of
inoncy-gctting. But, however, I mus; not
Complain ; Ido now and then feel a little
for want of a dinner, anua
little mortification for 'Want of a clean
cravat and a whole coat. Still I have rc
tamed my independence and my liberal
notions of men and things. And what is
life without liberality of sentiment? Oh,
I despise the vulgar, every-day, common
place people, that pass you by shores in
i public streets, elbowing their wa v along,
and looking so greedily and avariciously, j
as if they were born merely to gather to- j
get her sordij pelf and filthy lucre. The; j
despise my thread-hare coat and greasy '•
hat, they look contemptuously on my old!
brown black trowsers, and think foul!
scorn of my gaping shoes; l>uf they ando 1
not see my mind—they know nothing ot
! the towering genius that dwells within.—
; They do not know that the man whom
j they and spise is a man who despises them.
1 have often thought of illuminating the
J world on the subject of things in general,
j and of giving them new views of religion.j
j politics, and society; but those mean and j
j sordid booksellers, one and all, set their fa
ces against every thing that is liberal.— j
*1 hey talk about the march of iiitdler-t.
but they do not care a fig for intellect.—j
They merely print and publish for what
they can get. They have no sympathy!
with the towering aspirations of mind,— j
1 had a most excellent design for a work, t
that should convince all mankind that they
were a pack of fools, and that should pro- :
Iduce such a glorious change in the con- 1
stitution of society, that taient and liberalr-]
ty should reign triumphant; 1 communi
cated my design to a publisher, and what;
was his answer ? Blush, Britain, blush
for the meanness of thy intellectual trades- ;
men ! “J don’t think it will sell,’’said the j
fellow. “Why, then,” said I, “give it’
away.” The man stared at me, and said, j
••What shall I get by that?” There, gen- 1
tie reader, there is a specimen of the sor- j
didness ofbooksellers. “What -ball 1 get?” i
When I see such narrowness of soul, and \
such degradation of mind, my heart bfeeds-j
for humanity, and 1 almost blush to call j
such wretches inv fellow-creatures. 1 ]
must confess that this interview had such j
an effect upon my nerves—l do not know i
what my nerves are, but I know that they j
vveie shocked it had such an effect, I say, i
that for.a long while I could not apply to
another publisher; but at length i did, |
and onmiicr. They were all in the same i
story, just as if they had conspired togcvW I
er to thwart my views for the welfare of i
the human race. 1 will not mention]
names, for I do not wish to hold them up j
o the equiempt and derision of mankind, j
I am sorry to say tliat their meanness has j
compelled me to a mode of insti uctirig the j
Lhe which 1 should not have adopted
bv ch oice, but to which 1 am driven by i
neccss and v —l allude to Inscriptions on
walls an J etable-doors, by means of a sim
pie inslnu neiit, called a piece of chalk,— !
But the woi st of this mode of public in
struction is, th u’ there is not room enough
for an elaborate' argument, or even a well
turned period 0. « is compelled Ocot/me
one-seif to a certat, 1 sententious brevity,
wihch convinces 1101.” but those who were j
convinced before. W hen I write on a
stable-door, “Hang the Bnsshops,’’ nobody
hangs them on my recommendation. By j
the way, 1 cannot’help remarking here on
the illiberahty of a t< riiicd stable-boy, who,
leading one ot inv inscriptions, found fault]
with the spelling. Fool I 1 have iorgotj
more spelling than he ever learnt. How ,
exceedingly captious and illiberal is it, 1
when no other fault is to be found with aj
literary production, to (ind fault with the!
spelling. Besides, what man that loves]
his country 7 would not for its salvation tole- j
rate a little bad spelling ? It would bea|
rare thing for the country, if the books;
which are swarming every day from the J
press contained nothing more objectiona- j
ble than a little bad sjieiling.
Now it is very mortifying to a man I
who is capable of governing an empire,
not to have sixpence in his pocket, and to j
have no opportunity of convincing the;
world how much he is their superior. I ]
have conversed with men of all sentiments, J
but I hare found in them all a certain nar- j
rowness of-ihind, and limitation of idea.— j
Theie have been few, very few, that have j
come quite up to my notion o! liberality—:
Some people are liberal in one thing, and!
some in another, but none, except myself,;
have I yet met with, perfectly liberal in
every point of view, hud upon every topic i
of human m erest. 1 have endeavored, j
and 1 think successfully, to keep my mind ;
free from ali narrow prejudices, and it is
often a consolation to me, when my Clothes
want mending, that I have no prejudices.
No, 1 scorn them—l don’t mean clothes.'
but prejudices. The man that is preju-1
diced, is blind to beauty and deaf to truth, j
1 am guided only and always by pure rea- ]
son. There is not, 1 will ventuie to say, I
one i-ersoii in a thousand, who is in all.
his actions aud sentiments guided by pure!
reason. People are slaves to prejudices,
[confined and limited in their vievy. In
-1 deed, bow can people take liberal views.
. who do not take comprehensive views of
j things ? Men of business are confined to
j their shops or counting-houses, men in
the law are like horses in the mill, moving
in a dull round of precedents, medical men
see none but the sick and the sad, the hv-
I pochondriac and the diseased, and what
] should they know of the world ? As for
! parsons-al 1 the wrrlJ kuj.vs they must be
j 'oolsaud idiots by virtue of their olfice ;
j tliay absolutely know nothing, ten times
less than nr“hmu: tlicv walk through the
streets blindfold, they go to Cambridge
and Oxford expressly for the purpose of
learning ignorance; all that they know is,
which side their bread is buttered and
all that they desire is to have it buttered
on both sides. As lor statesmen, mims
: vers, members of parliament, commons,
innd lords, they all have their prejudices,
j they are confined to narrow views of
j 'hings—they do not know the world, they
; do not see it, they have no time to look .11
j ft, they have no time to attend to it. They
must take things merely by report and at
; second hand. There is, in a word, no
I man who can thoroughly understand hu
! man life and human nature so well as a
! man of liberal notions, altogether without
1 prejudices, who has nothing else to do
than to walk about the streets from morn
ing to night.
POL I TIC AL.
VVashinoton, Sept. d3.
It has been generally known lor some
months past that the propriety of with
drawing the public deposites from the
Bank of til United States was under cqn
j sideration and engaged much cl the atten
i non ol the President and of the different
members of his Cabinet all of whom had
; been called upon by the President to as
sist him in his deliberations on this subject.
After a very lull and careful examination,
the President came *0 the conclusion that
the public deposites ought to be changed
to tl»e .State Banks, and his opinion was
communicated in writing to his Cabinet 1
on V' ednesday last, at a meeting held j
specially for that purpose, and the facts]
and reasons on which it was founded. As
public attention has been drawn to this
subject, it is deemed proper, in order to
prevent misunderstanding or misrepresen
tation, to lay before the people the com
munication made by the President as a
hove mentioned, and a copy has been fur
nished to us for that purpose, which wc
now proceed to publish.
Head to lfie Cabinet on the I S/A Sept. 1833.
Having carefully aud anx.uuslv consid
ered all the facts and arguments, which
have been submitted to him, relative to a
removal of the public deposites from the
■ ank o! the United States, the President
deems it his dutv, to communicate in this
manner to his Cab net the final conclusions ;
of hjs own mind, and the reasons on which ;
they arc founded, in order to put them
in a durable form,and to prevent miscon
ceptions.
J he President’s convictions of the dan
gerous tendencies of the Bank of the Uni
ted States, since signally Tit«u*<-nmd bv its'
own acts, Here so overpowering when he(
entered upon the duties of Chief Aiagis-j
irate, tiiai he felt.it his duty, not withstand-1
nig the objections of the friends by whom j
he was surrounded, to avail hitnscli of the ]
first occasion, to call the attention oi Con-]
gross and the people, to the question ot its ,
re-cnartcr. '1 he opinions expressed in j
his Annual Message of December, 18-‘J, j
were reiterated in those of December, j
1 bolt and 1831, and in that of ifvSa, he
threw out for consideration, some sugges
tions in relation to a substitute. Vt the
session of an act was passed by a j
majority of both Houses of Congress re- j
chartering the p.esent Bank, upon which ;
the 1 resident lelt it his duty to put his )
constitutional veto. In his Message, re-j
tum.bg that act, he repeated and enlarged j
upon the principles and views briefly as
serted in his Annual Messages, declaring
the Bank to be, in his opmion, both inex
jiediciit and unconstitutional,and announc
ing lo his countrymen, very unequivocal
ly, his firm determination never to sanc
tion, by his approval, the continuance o:
ol that institution or the establishment oi
any other upon similar principles.
There arc strong reasons for believing
that the motive ol the Bank in asking for
a /e-charter at tnat session of Congress,
was to make it a leading question 111 thi
election ol a President of the United States
the ensuing November, mid all steps
deemed necessary, were taken to procuie
from the people, a reversal of the Presi
dent’s decision.
Although the charter was approaching
its termination, and the Bank was aware
that it was the intention ol the Govern- i
meat to use the public deposits as fast us it
accrued, in the payment of the public
debt, vet did it extend its loans from Jan. ]
1831, to May Ifc.’fV, from 9 1Y,40c,301 yq ;
to Id, being an increase ol ]
•’S’Sf.Oi&.'VOG 48, in six mouths. It is con
fidently believed, that ths leading object ]
ol this immense extension of its loans, was'
to bring as large a portion of the people as
possible under its power and iuifucr.cc ;
and it has been disclosed, that some ol the
largest sums were granted on very unu
sual terms to conductors of the public
press. In some of these cases, the motive
was made manifest by the nominal or
insufficient secui ity taken lor the loans,
by ftic large amounts discounted, by the
extraordinary time allowed for payment,
ami especially by the subsequent conduct
of those receiving the acccmmodaticnr
( Having taken these preliminary steps
; to obtain control over, the public opinion,
| the Bank came into Congress and asked a
i new charter. The object avowed by fna
| ny of the advocates of the Bank, was to
] J»it the President to the test, that the c un
/ try might know his final determination
: relative to the Bunk prior to the ensuing
j election. Many documents and articles
j were printed and circulated at the cxj.cn.se
j of the Bank, to bring the people to a fa
; vorable decision upon its pretensions
: Those whom the Bunk appears to have
] made its debtors for the special occasion
were warned of the ruin which awaited
them, should the President be sustained,
and attempts were made to alarm tin
whole people by painting the depression
in the price of property and ■ -
the general loss, inccnv> .. •
tress, w i eh it was ■ p <
mediately ioilo.v me re-ecY
President in opposition :othe Bn a .
Can it now be said that the ques ■; ■?
a re-charter of the Bank was not dt ci cc
at the election whicli ensued ? Had the
veto been equivocal, or had it not covered
the whole ground—if it had merely lake:
exceptions to the details of tin: Bill, or to
the time of its passage—if it had not met
the whole ground of constitutionality and
expediency, then there might have been
some plausibility for the allegation thai
the question was not decided by the peo
pie. It was to compel the President to
take his stand that the question was
brought forward at that particular time.—
lie met the challenge, willingly took the,
position into which his adversaries sought
to force him. and frankly declareo his un ,
alterable opposition to the Bank as being
both unconstitutional and inexpedient. On
that ground the case was argued to the
people, and now that the people have Sus
tained the President, notwithstanding the
array of influence and power w hich was
brought to bear upon him, it is too late, he
confidently thinks, to say that the question
! lias not been decided. YY hatever may be
I the opinions of others, the President con
i' siders his re-election as a decision of the
people against the Bank. In the con
cluding paragraph of his Veto Message he
said—
“ I have now done my duty to my
country. If sustained by my fellow-citi
zens, I shall be grateful and happy ; if not,
1 shall find in the motives which iriqiel ]
me, ample grounds for contentment and
peace.”
He was sustained by a just joeojale, and
he desires lo evince his gratitude by carry
ing into effect their decision, so far a* it
depends upon Imp.
Us all the substitutes for the present
Bank which have been suggested, none
seems to have united any considerahl por
tion of the pa.die in its favor. .Most oi j
them arc liable to the same constitutional,
objections for which the present Bank has ]
been condemned, and perhaps to all there ,
are strong objections on the scored ex-;
pedicncy. In ridding the country of an
irresponsible power which has attempted
I to control the Government, care must be
i taken not to unite the same power with the
; ijucuilvc tJianch. To give a President
(he control over tiie currency and the!
power over rrjiTiV id utils now possessed bv
the Bank of the United .Males, even with
the material difference that fie is responsi
ble to the jieople, \\ uuld be as objecviowa
bie and as dangerous as to leave it as it is.
Neither the one nor the other is accessa
ry, and therefore ought lu he resorted to.
On the whole, the President considers it
as conclusively settled that the charter ot
the Bank of ihe United Mates will not be
renewed, and he has no reasonable ground
to believe that any substitute will be
established. Being bound 10 regulate his
course by the laws as they exist, and not
lo anticipate ihe inter erenco of the legis
lative |tower, lor the purpose of framing
new systems, it is proper ior him seasona
bly to consider the means by which the
services rendered by tbc Bank of the Uni
ted .States arc to be per.orm and after it*
character shall expire.
The existing laws declare, dial “die de
posites of the money of the l nitid States,
in places in which the Said BufHt an.,
branches liiereo:, may lie csial.hs ►*.!, siiaii
Ih: made m said Bank or biancfi. s ‘.v.eu .
unless die Secret..ry 01 tub , reasur\ s ;
at any time otherwise order an < > • , t..
which case the ccrclnry >
snail inmn aiatei; fi
.n session, and ii no.. •
commencement <>; u '■
reason ol such order .’> and te:
The powei o
Treasury over the ■-• i 'o:,; - < is u*, t ..hji
cil. The provision that he shall k . t
•casons to U'ongrcss, is no limitation* flan j
it not been inserted, he would have been;
responsible to Confess, tiiat lie made a ]
removal for any other than good reasons,;
and his responsibility now ceases, upom
the rendition of sufficient ones to Congress.
I he only object of the provision, is to
make his reasons accessible to Congress,
and enable that body the more readily to i
judge of their soundness and purity, and
thereupon to make such further provision;
by law’as the legislative power may think]
proper in relation to the deposite of the
public money.—’l hose reasons may be
very diversified. It was asserted by the
Secretary of the Treasury w ithout con
tradiction, early as 1617, that he had jynv
er “to control the proceedings” of the
Bank of the United at any moment, “by :
changing the deposites to the Stale Banks,”
should it pursue an illiberal oOutsc towards;
those institution!; that “ tho (Secretary so
VOLUME I YDsßr.lt 39.
the Treasury will always be disposed to
support the credit of the State Banks, and
will invariably direct transfers from the
I deposites of the public money in aid of
' their legitimate exertions to maintain their
icredit ;”and he asserted aright to employ
the State B nks when the Bank of the
United States should refuse to receive on
deposite the notes of such Stale Banks as
the public interest required, should be re
ceived in payment ol the pi.L 1 s'. In
; several instances he did trans ..blic
deposites to S'fate Banks, in the umi.Giiate
vicinity of brunche.%for reasons com >.* t and
'only with tiie safety of those I ■■ . t
public convenience ant! theinU it-i « .. :bt
I Treasury.
Jr i. .vasli.vul tor Air. rthe
... • t* •. ri . ;■•, at thaf tin's.
:
.i a ntiUerc! sar
. tea of
1 tiie Bank, was i, v :ed as one of the
{ordinary amt lam-- ar-duties of the Sccre
; tarv of the Treasury, should now be grave
|lv questioned, and attempts made to ex
cite and alarm the public minds as if some
! new and unheard ot power was about to
nc usui oed by tha Executive branch of the
| Government.
It is out a little more than two and a
| half years to the termination of the charter
|of the present Bank. It is considered as
j the decision of the country that it shall
1 then cease to exist, and no man, the Presi
| dent believes, has reasonable ground for
| exp ctation that any other Dank of the Uni
! ted .States will be created by Congress.—
! To the Treasury Department is entrusted
j the safe keeping and faithful application of
the public moneys A plan of collection
J different from the present, must therefor*
{ be introduced and put in complete opera
| lion before the dissolution of the present
Bank. When shall it be commenced?—
Shall no step be taken iri this essential con
j corn u.itil the charter expires, and the
Treasury finds itself without an agent, its
accounts in confusion, with no depository
for its funds, and the whole business of the
Government deranged ? or shall it be de
layed until six months, or a year, or two
: years before the expiration sf the charter?
It is obvious that any new system which
; may be substituted in the place of the Bank
of tiie United .'tates, could not he sudden
ly carried into effect on the termination of
| us existence without serious iuconveiiießca
ito the Government and the |>eop!e. Its
va»t amount of notes are then to be re
| deemed and withdrawn from circulation,
| and its immen e delit collected. These
i operations must be gradual, otherwise
| much suffering ind distress will be brought
j upon the community. It ought to be not
a work of months only, but of years, and
the President thinks it cannot, with due at-
I tention to the interests of the people, be
longer postponed. It is safer to begin it
too soon than to delay it.too long.
I It is for the wisdom of Congress to de
j orde upon the best substitute to be adopted
jin the place ol' the Bank of the United
1 States ; and the President would have felt
hirmclf relieved from a heavy and painful
responsibility if in the charter to the Bank,'
Congress had reserved to itself the power
of directing, at its pleasure, the public
money to. be elsewhere deposited; and had
not devolved that power exclusively on
one of the Executive Depertmeiits. It is
useless now to inquire why this high and
important power was surrendered by those
who are peculiarly and appropriately the
guardians of the public money.- Perhaps
it was an oversight. But as the President
presumes that tiie charter to the Bank is to
Ue considered as a contract on the part of
the Government, it is not now in the pow
er ofCongiess to disregard its stipulations;
and by the term of that contract the pub
lic money is to be deposited in the Bank
during the continuance of its charter, un
less the Secretary of the Traasury shall
remove it at an earlier day. The respon
si ility is thus thrown upon the -alive
branch of the Governmeu;,of ■ how
long oiv the expiratioli oi u:e c.... tor,
tiie pnbl.c iutciest Will require the do ni
si ;es to be lawn elsewhere. Andnlth h
ac o. in,- to t, <• fame and pi. ■; af
■ . i C.:,; . . ifns \yo.. . .r.ot'B
proper eg to he cgi.* .v.-w
.... -t . tti r. :».e est
o' .i:nei, and the- best
l*.
V.. fH'ce hie Ut cuti' e t. ranch of the
Gbvemn eiit to shrink from any duty,
wh'ch the law imp.iscsoii it, to lix upon
others the responsibility which justly* bc-
I.•ngs tojiscif. And while the i resident
anxiously wisher to abstain from the ex
ercise oi doubtful powers, and to avoid all
intcrli ri nee with the rights and duties of
others, lie must y et, with unshaken cosf
stancy, discharge his own obligations.
and cannot allow himself to to n aside,
in order to avoid any responsibility w hich
the high trust with which he has
been honored, requites him to encounter,'
and it being the duty of one of the Exec
utive Departments to decide in the first
instance, snbj ct t * the future action of the
legislative |o.\er, whether th«- public de
posits shall remai.. >n the 1 ark of the U
nited States until the end us its exist-jicc,
or be withdrawn some time belore, the
President lias felt himself bound to exam
ine the question raie.uliv and deliberately
in order to make up his judgment on the
subject: and in his opinion the near ap-
