About Weekly Georgia telegraph. (Macon [Ga.]) 1858-1869 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 24, 1869)
— '■ i. VaVWtefWJCRWatf ■!VK3W^i' r^-—v THE TELEGRAPH. MAOON, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 18CD. •‘The Soalli in Clover.” \ Under this head the New York Commercial Advertiser, in the course of a long editorial, awakens the suspicion that there are a good many Southern men in New York just now who are given to that popular amusement' called (ii«pcn. He say?, “Southern men who are vis aing the city just now,” assure him that “the crop is immense”—that “they are getting rich faster than any people in the] world.” An in telligent Southwestern man, "not given to exag geration,” (oh, no!)say3 “Louisiana is aching with sugar, and Mississippi is white with cot ton !” and that “the yield of rice in Louisiana will be larger and finer than was ever before gathered.” Upon this agreeable information, making due allowance for the “provincial disposition” to fnllr big, the Advertiser moralizes extensively upon the fortunate consequences of the war and the “discipline which has brought the South erner to honor labor,” as if more labor was done in the South now than before the war, when there is only a little more than half as much. Gentlemen who visit New York for the pur pose of extending their credit, may perhaps be exoused for swelling a little—but they should do it in moderation, and not at the cost of the pro ducers of the meager crop3 which unfortunate ly are all we can boast of this year. Is it not better to tell the truth? The pro ductive power of the South has been cut down by the war for the abolition of slavery one half, and we are getting along on that half only be cause the world is compelled by famine to pay us more for it than they did for the whole be fore the war. But nevertheless the South as a fanning conn, try is in a doleful condition. Not one-fifth of her cleared lands are under cultivation, and di lapidation and ruin are the principal aspects of many of the farms that are cultivated. Missis sippi, wo dare say, is ten times greener with rank woeds than she is white with cotton, and tumblo down houses and ruined fences mark the very spots which were the theatres of her choicest cotton crops before the war. The South is not far off—let the Commercial Advertiser come downhere and see the “clover,’ and then crow over the achievements of eman- cipation in this quarter. The Sham Democracy and the XVlh Amendment—The Cat out of the Bag! The Macon Telegraph admits that, “under the Constitution,” the colored members “are as much entitled to seats in the Legislature as any body, and that reseating them, in accordance with the Supremo Court decision, will be an act of no practical evil, so far as the State is con cerned,” “But,” says this Democratic organ, “when you come to the Fifteenth Amendment, and ask ns to blot out the independence of the State, * * * it will not be done with our con sent.” Practically, then, the position of the Tele graph is this: In Georgia, negroes should vote and hold office upon precisely tho same footing as other citizens; whilst in Pennsylvania and Ohio, they should do neither, because that would be to “blot out the independence of the States!” In Georgia, negroes should be our legislators; but in Pennsylvania and Ohio, where they nre generally better educated, and therefore know more of the duties and respon sibilities of citizenship, they should not be per mitted even to vote! • • * This, then, is “Democratic” sincerity, as ex emplified by a journal which we had given cred it for sounder and more practical views of states manship. When will the old partisan fossils of a past epoch learn wisdom from experience? The editor of the Telegraph has, qnite uncon sciously, let the cat out of the bag; and wo offer this as an additional reason why the provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment should be en forced, as stated in our editorial of yesterday. [Atlanta New Era. Georgia finds herself under a Constitution Which guarantees negro suffrage and, (under the decision of the Supreme Court,) negro office holding. Therefore, every man who acknowl edges that plain and unwelcome fact should be willing to amend the Constitution of the United States so as to give Congress power to determine Who shall and shall not be citizens of the several Btates. What sort of a conclusion is that from tho premises! The New Era, should have more mercy on common sense than that comes to. Xlrt. White, an extensive planter from Pulas ki county, called upon us yesterday to report the result of his observations of Mr. Gnstin s cotton patch. He says it is the finest piece of cotton he ever saw—perfectly healthy and abounding in fruit, flowers and forms—tho bolls being extraordinary large. He thinks there are about three quarters of an acre in the patch, and that it will produce at the rate of four hun dred pounds of seed cotton to the acre. He is devoted to the system of surface culture, and ♦LinVn the result is due less to deep culture than to the superphosphate applied, and remarked fTian in his observation of the comparative ef fects of Soluble Pacific and Superphosphate, he had seen an equal difference in favor of the Su perphosphate that there was between Soluble Pacific and no fertilizer at all. The Case of Henrietta Greer. We are slow to lift our voice against the exer cise of the divine prerogative of mercy, hut feel strongly impressed with the opinion that tho case of this woman was one in which the law should have been allowed to take its course. We think there is no practical force in the sugges tion of the Governor’s proclamation in relation to the oonviction upon circumstantial evidence and her own confessions—that the act was done in heat of passion—the trial influenced by pre judice and outside pressurer—or that incapacity was exhibited in tbs defence. It was, on the contrary, one of the most re volting cases of murder resulting from a brutal indifference to human life on the whole records of crime. The prisoner, according to her own account, sustained by the evidence, and repeat ed many times without material variation to of ficers—to the court—to one of our own editors and numerous other parties—on many occasions running through a period of several months— went out with her unfortunate little victim to gather lightwood for market, and while in the field conceived tho idea of killing the child in order to get possession of a few cents which the latter had in her pocket. Accordingly she struck her several fatal blows on tho head with the axe —took tho money, and came to town and spent it in cakes and candy. Tho position of the wounds showed that they conld not have been inflicted in the course of a strife, but that the victim must have been struck from behind and while unaware of the assault, Tho relative strength and age of the parties preclude the idea of a struggle, and no such de fence was ever set up by the woman. As for prejudice in the community standing in the way of a fair and impartial trial, although the char- acter of the homicide was such as to provoke a natural indignation,it was simply impossible that the Court or the jury should have refused a fair and impartial trial to such a defendant. There &as that in her ignorance and mental degradation and imbecility to have rendered a vindictive prosecution impossible in any enlightened com munity. As there was no room for a doubt, reasonable or unreasonable, about the commission of the crime by the accused, so from first to last she has never affected to deny it or set up any de fence whrtever, other than that she wanted the money and killed the child to obtain it It was a case which the best counsel in Christendom could have made nothing more or less of. And as to inexperienced counsel, her leading counsel was L. N. 'Whittle, one of onr ablest barristers, assisted by John P. Fort, a young but well in formed lawyer. The mental imbecility of this miserable crea ture seems to us the only plea in the procla mation possessing force. We have never seen her, but the city editor of this paper held along conversation with her on the evening before the day appointed for her execution, and when all, including herself, expected she would be hnng in less than twenty-four hours. He came away so impressed with the utter stupidity of the wo man that his first expression to the writer was that “it was a shame to hang her.” Sho mani- fested’an entire absence of remorse or pity or fear, or sensibility of any sort, and seemed (o be in fact bnt a vciy small remove from a brute. Indeed the act of killing a poor little child in so barbarous a manner for a few cents to spend in cake and candy, and the indifference of the murderer to self-concealment afterwards and self-defence when arrested, all show an absence to a very great extent of the capacity to feel the moral sanctions of crime, and might possibly raise a question whether a convicted and self-confessed murderess of so cruel a char acter (as to the deed,) was yet sufficiently an ac- conntable moral agent to be held to the penalty of the law. We have no doubt she was, and that even on this point the Executive clemency has been misapplied, and that interposition in a case of each flagrant murder is calculated to have a bad effect on society. The people are not apt to complain of Execu tive clemency, bnt just now the complaints are rife and forcible. They emanate from grand juries and other sources which should not charged with partisan motives. Let the Governor heed them, and let the law take its conrse unless there is better reason for Execu tive interference than is shown in the case of Henrietta Greer. Ccthbebt Agricultural Society.—We have a letter from A. Hood, Esq., imparting the'iu- formation that the Cnthbert Agricultural Soci ety have determined to encamp on the Fair Gronnd, daring the State Fair, and asking us to have a suitable location assured them and staked off. The matter shall be referred at onc9 to the proper officers, and good quarters secured for Cnthbert. Troubled with Mosey.—Forney’s Press, of the 14th instant, says: Tho Southern planters are already discussing the question what to do with the immense anr- plus profits to bo realized from the cotton crop. We have seen some discussion of that subject by Southern editors, but hare not yet met with a single planter harrassed by doubts about how he shall dispose of his “immense surplus pro fits.’! Heavy Cotton Operations.—Eight hundred and eleven bales of cotton were sold in Macon yesterday, and, we rejoice to say, on an im proving market. An advance of one cent was established daring the day. The receipts also were heavy, and amounted to six hundred and forty bales. Homicide.—The Enfanla papers, of Thurs day, say that an altercation occurred on Tnes day last, near that city, between Mr. Jacob Palmer and Mr. Jno. Grubbs, in whioh the lat ter drew a revolver and commenced firing. Three of the shots took effect upon Mr. F., and proved fatal in about a half honr. No reliable particniars given by either paper. At the earnest solicitation of the public, Dr. Hunter will remain in Maoon one month longer, and w»i be consulted at his offioe, No. 70 Mul berry street, upon all diseases of the Head, Throat and Chest, including Chronic Catarrh, Chronic Sore Throat, Bronchitis, Asthma, and Consumption, to whioh class of diseases he de votes his attention exclusively. What is Bust and its Cause and Cube.—The reader will find a very intelligent disquisition upon these points in f.M« edition of the Tele graph. Cook, Coburn & Taylor, Advertising Agents, Cincinnati, have issued a beautiful work of 350 pages, being a complete list of newspapers, pe riodioals and magazines published in the United 8tt«a and Territories. The Fair—Accommodations. We received Friday -night-a note from A. Hood, Esq., of Cnthbert, in'behalf of the Cntfc-' hert Agricultural Association, announcing that the Association would attend the Fair prepared to camp out; and requesting us to secure aprop- er and convenient allotment of gronnd for the Association and have itstakedoutandreserved. Cnthbert shall be attended to, and a convenient space “pre-empted” according to their request. What area.will the Association require? In reference to the inquiries of 'correspon dents, whose communications appear in this number, we sought an interview with Secretary Lewis, yesterday, bnt he had gone to Stewart to make an agricultural speech. However, from what we learned from tho gentlemen in charge, we have no doubt that all the railroads will pursue a very liberal policy in meeting tho wants of the people and contributing to the. success of the Fair. We believe they will all run accommodation trains, reaching Macon at eight or nine o’clock in the morning, and leaving, say at five or sixin the ovening, so as to transport visitors from the neighboring counties at low rates and conve nient hours. An arrangement of this kind, we hope, will give the people of Spalding, Pike, Monroe, Taylor, Sumpter, Macon, Houston, Twiggs, Pulaski, Washington, Wilkinson, Bald win and Putnam convenient and easy access to the exhibition by rail—reaching here and .re turning the same day, if they desire. But wo anticipate that large numbers of Agri cultural Clubs, and neighborhoods and families will prefer to come to Macon prepared to camp, and ns the vicinity of tho Fair grounds is highly favorable camping gronnd, with good weather it will be undoubtedly the most pleasant and en joyable mode of attending tho Fair. There will be abundance of company and fun, and wo an ticipate the whole area around the campus will be one vast agricultural campmeeting. For those who will depend on hotel and house shelter, the best practicable arrangement must be made. The hotels, we think, by packing closely, will be able to provide for two thousand. Private hospitality will shelter and provide for many more, and there must be provision to en list those in the work who will not feel them selves financially able to entertain guests, but who, nevertheless, have comfortable shelter and tables for the weary or the hungry. The City Council or Committee should invite all who have room and are willing to entertain guests for compensation, to register, so that visitors can be introduced to their homes. It will bo an occa sion demanding the largest hospitality of our people, and we have no doubt it will be exer cised. * Another point is ample supplies of provisions. The grocers, poultry and fish men—the butch ers and all, must calculate on a consumption in creased abont 200 per cent at least and provide liberally and of the best that can be had. The signs promise a very heavy attendance from all quarters, and of many distingnised per sonages. The letters of acceptance from men of national reputation, now make up a good thick book. There is a great curiosity among the people of tho North to see the South and talk with tho Southern people. The Fair has already assumed an aspect of national import ance. The committee, in extending their infl ations, coached them in the most cordial and : 'riendly terms, and the spirit of tho replied is all that could be desired. Thus, while it is and will be simply an agricultural and mechanical fair, it seems to be aLso understood as a meeting to bury the hatchet and to reestablish relations of fraternity between the sections of the country so lately engaged in bitter and deadly strife. The Cotton Crop of Last Year. Speculating upon the difference in the esti mate of the Shipping List and its own, the Charleston Courier says: In onr issue of Tuesday, wo alluded to the crop statement of the New York Shipping and Commercial List, and said there were seeming discrepancies in its figures. "We have since ex amined it more minntely, and find it has made a distinction between the cotton shipped to Eu ropean and Northern markets and that consumed in the Sonthem States, by ignoring entirely in the summing np of its general table the amonnt consumed in the Sonthem States. In other words, it makes the “ total crop of the United States" for the year ending August 31, 18G9, 2,260,557 bales, which includes only such cotton as has been shipped to Northern and European ports, omitting the amonnt put down for Sonth em consumption, (173,000 bales,) which, added to the 2,260,557 bales sent to Northern and Eu ropean markets, would give a total of 2,433,537 hades. We are at a loss to conjecture why the Shipping List has exclnded the Sonthem con sumption from its general estimate of the crop, whilst in another table it gives tho “approximate growths of cotton” for a series of years, in ronnd numbers, making the growth of the year I860, 2,414,000 bales. The Trial of Shureiniui. The Washington dispatches to the Herald, of the 14th, say: The Criminal Court to-day took np the case of James H. A. Shoreman, indicted for remov ing papers from the Treasury; in having, on tho 20th day of April, 1867, taken eighty papers printed and stamped, and in part prepared to be issued on behalf of the United States, ns circu lating notes of the First National Bank, Jersey City, each of the denomination of $100, and also eighty papers of the same, each of the de nomination of fifty dollars. Counsel for the prisoner asked a postponement of the case, and presented an affidavit of the accused that an important witness, H. M. Turner, is absent in Georgia, and that Mrs'. Elizabeth Johnson, another important witness, is too sick to be present. The District Attorney, Mr. Carring ton, with some warmth, argued that the affidavit did not comply with the requirements of the statute, adding that they (the prosecution) ex pected to prove the witness Turner was really particeps criminis. Jnnge Fisher said that as the case had been pending now for eighteen months he considered this proposed evidence should be inquired into. In answer to Jndge Fisher, the aoensed said he has reason to believe that Turner' will testify the indentical notes or papers were taken by another party. The case was adjourned till Monday. Tennessee Pomology.—The Nashville Union and American speaks of a single grapevine on the premises of Mr. E. D. Payne, in South Nashville, which oontains three thonsandbnnches of grapes! It is of the Catawba variety. The same paper has the following upon Ten nessee apples: Thos. Gartiand brought to onr offioe yester day‘evening eight varieties of apples, which are the finest specimens we have seen this season. They were grown in the orchard of John Hard ing, near Stone’s river. The sample before ns measures sixteen inches in oirenmferenee, and on an average weigh eighteen ounces each. A package of tho aforesaid will be sent to the Pomological Convention, which oonvenes the present week in Philadelphia. It is reported in Boston that Mrs. Stowe is so overcome by the unexpected reception of her article on Lord Byron, that she is qnite ilL Domestic afflictions and grief are assigned as the cause of her imprudence in publishing the astiote. ET5T TELE G^R-AiDPEE. The Western Crops. Col. Jones, of the Cnthbert Appeal, who has just returned from a tour North and West, says: Suffer, however, a word of advice. A period of scarcity and famine is soon to ensne over a region of country of unparalleled extent. From Middle Georgia to the groat lakes and the Mis sissippi river on the one hand, and from the Pennsylvania line all along the Atlantic slope, until yon strike the cotton belt proper of tho South on tho other, the com crop is a hopeless failure. We assert this from personal observa tion and careful inquiry in a large portion of that region. Many fields will not produce one peck per acre, and but for an average yield of wheat, those rich, grain-growing districts would themselves be forced to become importers of the cereals. As it is, hundreds of farmers are already driv ing their stock to the Northwest for pasturage, or selling them at reduced prices. The hog crop is abundant, bnt much of it cannot be pro perly fatted, and if sold at all, most go to the shambles in a lean condition. We are thus particular in reciting these facts, because there is yet time for the South to pro tect herself against the famine prices of the coming year by a wise and timely foresight in the premises. It is not too late even now to raise on land well enriched a good crop of rata baga turnips, which are excellent to fatten stock. A portion of the oat crop too should be sowed this fall, and the remainder in January, to insure either an early or late crop. Pastures of rye and barley also should be fenced off and laid down in due season, or at least all hill-sides beginning to wash should be devoted to that purpose. It will save the land and pay better than any other crop. In addition, let fall crops of millet be planted and highly manured next spring, andafewacres of early peas, which are fully equal to com when ripe, for males. These precautions with tho proper economy in dealing out winter food and provender to stock, will make ns independent of the West another season for supplies. Without them, the condition of the planter will be pitiable indeed. True, we have been blessed with a fair yield of corn in Southwest Georgia, bnt who does not know that enough was not planted for the wants of onr own people? We do earnestly trust therefore, that, the above remarks may be heeded and receive a practical application. Albany Cotton market. Albany, September 16, 1869. Bat very little has been done since onr last report in sales. The declines have come so heavy and in such rapid succession that buyers have almost entirely abandoned the market. Receipts have also fallen off from what was ex pected. Planters are content to gather the crop and wait farther developments—being satisfied of a short crop, they have wisely determined for once to hold and take the chances for higher prices. We omit quotations. Statement. Bales. Beceived at warehouses for the week ending September 16 804 Beceived at warehouses previously 822 Total receipts at warehouses 1626 Total shipments from warehouses 1145 Stock in Warehouses 381 Failing to procure a fall report from the officers of the Southwestern Bailroad, we are only ably to report that they have shipped to Macon, Savannah and New York, a total of 1694 bales. How much they have received from wagons, or now have in store, we are not advised. Hope they will do better next time The Avondale Horror. verdict of the coroner s jury. The Coroner’s jury has retained the following verdict in the Avondale disaster : That the said Palmer Steele and others came to their deaths in the Avondale mines; that the cause of their death was the exhaustion of at mospheric air, or a prevalence of sulphuric and carbonio acid gases in the said Avondale mines, caused by the burning of the head house and breaker at said mine on the 6th day of Septem ber, thereby destroying the air-courses leading from the mine through the shaft; that the fire originated from the furnace in the mines taking effect on the wooden brettioe in the np-cast air- course leading from the bottom of' the shaft to the lead-honse. The jury regard the present system of mining in a large number of mines now working by shafts as insecure and unsafe to the miners, and would strongly recommend, in all cases where practicable two places for in gress and egress, and a mot* perfect ventilation; thereby rendering greater security to the life of the miners under any similar accident. From Washington. r Washington, September 17.—Capt. E. McBarron Timoney, of Georgia, has been appointed Consol to Tumbz, Peru. Bevenne to-day over half million dollars. Hoff has failed in two efforts to connect with Sec-' re tary of the Navy, Robeson, to whom he desired report orally regarding Cuba. It seems to be understood that the treasury sales of gold and the -purchase of bonds would last throughout October. Speculators are operating on this hypothesis. Delano forbids packages of smoking tobacco to weigh over one pound. Spinner certifies that certain Confederate secu rities, submitted to him by thoPrussian Government are genuine, adding, however, that they are worth less. Their genuineness affects certain heavy law suits in Germany. Boutwell’s catechism, which involves the biogra phy of allTreasniy employees, was answered to-day. Several clerks, male and female, resigned, rather than submit to tho inquisition. Judge Advocate Clinton, relieved from duty in the Department of the South, is ordered to report for duty in the Fifth Military District. Judge Ad vocate Goodfellow relievos Clinton. Consul Dudley, at Liverpool, reports infectious cattle; the disease firBt attacking the hoof, then tho mouth from tho licking of the hoof. Animals of different species contract the disease from each other. Only a half of one million of gold, offered by the Government yesterday, was taken. Marian Harris, indicted at Macon, Ga., for pass ing counterfeit money, swears, as State’s evidence,, that Shuerman, tho person on trial, took her to the house of H. M. Turner, late post-master at Macon, Ga.. and left on her bed thirteen hundred dollars, telling her that if asked whoro she got so largo a sum, to say sho found it Her attempt to pass a portion of this mofioy caused her arrest. Shuor- mantoldMaiy Harris the money conld bo passed South, bnt not North. Three negroes are on the jury. Washington, Sept. 18.—Secretary Boutwell has returned. It is stated that Capt. Wiggins sailed from Phila delphia with arms and extra men to take command of tho steamer Hornet recently sailed from Halifax with a destination for Cuba. Tlie Postofllco Department payB fifty thousand dollars premium per year on gold required for for eign service. Recent Cuban letters rovive the probability of a severe battle having taken place at and near Los Tunas. Authentic details are inaccessible. The Assistant Secretary of the Treasury has three weeks leave to hold a Massachusetts court. Revenue receipts to-day $320,000. Hoax is tho only member of the Cabinet absent. Much of wbat has been stated as the policy of the administration on the subject of Cuban affairs, is mere conjecture—nothing has been done beyond tho instruction to Minister Sickles, to offer the United States as a mediator. There is no present prospect that belligerent rights will be recognized. The administration will, however, enforce the neu trality laws and respect its treaty obligations. There is no doubt its sympathies are with the Cabans, and in all it may do, it will act with discretion, with a view of effecting a settlement of the question in a manner that will bo satisfactory to all parties in terested. General News. New York, September 17.—Judd’s Linseed Works on Cherry street, were ; buried last night—loss two hundred thousand dollars. { . . . ‘ , Cincinnati, September 19.4-The Democratic Con vention to-day nominated a ticket consisting of half Democrats and half Republicans. Harbisbubo, Penn., September 17—Gov. Geary has appointed a full delegation to the Southern Commercial Convention at Louisville, Ey., on the 12th of October. Union, N. J., September 17.—Frederick Branzert fatally stabbed his two eons during a family quar rel. Santa Fe, September 17.—The Indians are killing women and children, and driving away mnch stock. Memthis, September 17.—Waddy Thompson, ar rested with Perry Fuller for alleged revenue frauds, was taken from the cars at Gallatin, Tenn., en route for Now Orleans, on habeas corpus and brought to Memphis, hut released on tho ground that revenue officers conld only commit or hail, but not send prisoners from State to State. Thompson was im mediately re-arrested, bnt afterwards rcloased on bail. St. Louis, September 17.—Tho cigar factory at Carlurvillo, Illinois, with sixty thousand cigars, has been seized for a violation of revenue laws. Denver, September 17.—A dispatch says the Re publicans have a clear majority in the Colorado Legislature. The Executive Committee on the National Capitol removal in convention, resolved, where Governors refuse to appoint to a seat delegates, they are ap pointed by members of Congress. Richmond, September 17.—Tho State Central Conservative Committee has adopted a resolution advising against the election of U. S. Senators at the meeting of the Legislature October 5th. Boston, Sept. 18.—Steamer aground on Lumber Point. Enterpo here for coal. Tho Boston Daily Advertiser learns that a gentle man just arrived from Martha’s Vineyard, that a party of Gayhead Indians wont off yesterday to a steamer, two miles from land, and found her to be an iron dad war vessel, carrying eighteen steel guns. They fraternized with the steward of tho steamer, and on reaching shore reported that she was a Cu ban privatoer. They saw between deck a large body of men, tho steward saying thero were 300. The steward also said her armor and plating was four inches thick. A large schoonor was lying alongside the steamer, meanwhile throwing off a large volume of smoke, so as to conceal the schoon er. The steamer is supposed to be of five thousand tons. Louisville, September 18.—Millard Fillmore has been appointed a delegate, and trill attend and pre side at the organization of tho Commercial Conven- at Louisville. New York, September 18.—As the railroad lines South of Louisville, Ky., and especially those run ning to Nashville, Memphis, New Orleans and Mo bile, are all blockaded with freight, the agents of the different lines in New York are, in consequence, refusing to givo rates or receipts to points beyond Louisville. TliiB blockade does not interfere with passenger business. The meeting of railroad men, held in this city in the early part of the week on tho subject of increased rates of freight, resulted in nothing. Portaoe Cecy, Wib., September 18.—Pat Wildeck, a highwayman, was taken from the jail here to-day and hanged. Niagara Falls, September 18.—An unknown man threw himself into the falls to-day, after, with de liberation, taking off his coat. He was instantly killed. Quebec, September 18.—The manager of the Quebec branch of the Montreal Bank has absconded with $50,000 or tho Bank’s funds. Philadelphia, September 18.—Dr. Ben]. Dorr, Rector of Christ Church, is dead, aged 73 years. Fortress Monroe, Sept. 18.—In a dense fog the George Leary and Sue both collided with schooners. Havana, Sept. 18.—The Florida has arrived from Vera Cruz with advices that all parties in Mexico represent more tranquility among the people than *°The*8chooner Dyer, from New York for Texas, at Matariaaa in distress, and afterwards detained as a fillibuster, boen discharged. foreign New*. Paris, September 17.—The Emperor appeared on the streets yesterday. London, September 17.—The Star, Radical organ, states that the difficulty between the United States and Spain on the Cuban question is in a fair way of settlement. The rumor of a proclamation guaran teeing religions liberty and freedom of election will shortly bs issued by the Spanish Government. It is a better omen, but If reports of ths conduct of the military government in Cuba are true, conces sions must be prefaced by one more essential, namely : that Cubans be permitted to live to enjoy them. London, Sept. 18.—It is rumored that Napoleon is abont abdicating.in favor of bis son bat retaining the Presidency of the Council. Thomas Graham, Master of the Mint and an em inent chemist, is dead. Madrid, Sept.'18,—It is thought that the Wash ington Government will be more conciliatory since Sickles’ dispatches that the temper of the Spanish peoplo would compel the Government to continue tho war for the suppression of the Cuban insurrec tion. The King of Italy consents to tbe selection of the Duke of Geneva as King of Spain. The workmens’ strike at Barcelona is assuming alarming proportions. Paris. September 18.—The Empress departs east ward on the 2d of October. from Mississippi. Jackson, September 18.—There was a large and enthusiastic meeting of the National Republicans here to-day, to ratify the State ticket—Judge Amos B. Johnson, Chairman. Speeches were made by Judge Jeffords, of California; McCloy, John F. HarriB, colored, and many others. Judge Dent, Gen. Lowry and Thos. Sinclair opened the canvass to-day at Corinth. Their list of appointments extend to election day. A State Fair will be hold here from tho 26th to the 80th of October. Tbe grounds are rapidly be ing repaired and extensive preparations are making for the accommodation of visitors and their wares Accident on South Carolina Railroad. Charleston, Sept. 18.—A terrible accident occur red to the night train from Charleston, on tho South Carolina Railroad before daylight this morning. A large tree had fallen across the trestle at Congaree swamp, and the engine and part of the train were precipitated into tho swamp. The engine blow np, setting tho cars and trestle on fire. About 600 feet of the trestle were burned. No passengers injured. Engineer Hargrove and fireman Gilbert were killed. Fireman Barnes was seriously wounded. From Mexico. City of Mexico, September 12 Escobedo has ar rived. A now lighthouse has been erectod at the mouth of tho CoatzacoalcoB river. Juarez has formed a now cabinet. IgleBeas, Judge of tho Supremo Court, and most of the old members will bo retained. Tho trial of military conspirators resulted in a sentence of three to ten years’ imprisonment. Six miles of the railway to Puebla has been com ploted. Tho capitulation of the rebels at Tamatdipas is confirmed. Tbe Drought iu Virginia. Tho telegrams to tho Louisville Conrier- Joumal have the following upon the drought in Virginia: A letter from Louisa county, Virginia, gives a gloomy account of the effects of the recent drought which still continues. It is believed that tho crop of com this year will average from one-third to one-fourth of the usual quan tity made on the land. Tho land has been so dry that very little if any fallowing has been done. Some farmers will begin to cut tobacco this week. The best judges say that the tobacco crop this year will ho of a very inferior quality” and in quantity will be but little more than one- third of what was made last year. Many farm ers who planted from 15,000 to 20,000 plants last spring will not make more than an average of one hundred pounds per acre. A good many negro men near the line of Spottsylvania and Louisa counties, finding that the farmers can give them no employment, are leaving the country and going to Fredericksburg and AVarrenton. The negroes are beginning to fear that there will not be any work for them next year. Many farmers do not expect to em ploy hands next year, as they will not have pro visions to feed them. A majority of the creek mills in Lonisa and Spottsylvania are dried np. fbe 'Canse of Senator Fessenden’s Death. From the Portland Press.] A post mortem, examination of the body of Senator Fessenden was made on Thursday morning. It was fonnd that just above where the smaller bowels enter into the largor the canal had contracted so as to be entirely closed, and the bewels, for a foot or more above the ob struction, were in a high state of inflammation. A perforation was also found above the obstruc tion, and it was the opinion of the physicians that at the time he first called the doctor, on Tuesday, the 31st day of August, he made this ruptnro, and that human skill conld avail noth ing toward saving his life; and that when he felt the severe pain a few hoars before his death, after returning to his bed, he probably increased this rapture, bringing on immediate dissolution; that this trouble had been coming on for somo time back, Mr. Fessenden having been a sufferer from chronio diarrhoea for at least a year past; and that the few days before the physicians were called, the constipation, which he looked upon as a favorable sign to ward restoring a healthy action to the Bystem, was really a most alarming symptom. Maine Flection. Augusta, Me., September 16.—Returns from 283 cities and towns show a total vote of 70,981. Chamberlain received 38,938; Smith 28.259; Hickbom 3,754. Chamberlain’s majority over both is 6,965. The Republicans have carried every county on the local ticket except Aroos took and Knox. Returns from 831 cities and towns give Cham berlain 41,671; Smith 30,078. Hickbom’s vote will not exceed 4,500, and Chamberlain’s major ity will be 7,500. The Senate stands—27 Re- peblicans, 3 Democrats, and 1 doubtful. The House will probably stand—126 Republicans, 25 Democrats. The following resolutions were passed by the Democrats of Mercer, one of the strongest Democratic counties in Ohio: Resolved by the Democracy of Mercer county, in convention assembled, That we are in favor of tho repudiation of the bonded debt of the United States. Resolved, That onr members of Congress be requested to vote against appropriations pro viding for the payment of the salaries of tho Assessors and Collectors of Internal Revenue, or the interest on the bonded debt. Dried top.—The weather has been dry so long that everything in the vegetable line has gone np. Sweet potatoes are very short, (the crop, as well the potatoes,) turnips have not come up, and “greens” are no more. If wo don’t have rain soon, we shall request the city council to make an appropriation for turning Flint river into onr town and attaching a sprinkler to it. No doubt Judge Ransom would favor the ap propriation.—Griffin Georgian. The Oyster Season.—The approaching oyster season promises to be one of the larg est. we have had. and hoth the catchers and packers have made extensive preparations.— New houses are being built, and every vessel that can he put into service is cither ready, or will bo, in a tew days. The rumor that the drum fish had destroyed all that were planted in the vicinity of New York will somewhat increase the demand for small oys ters to plant, and there is not a dealer in this city that has not very large orders to fill tbe coming winter. On Monday wc saw several loads ready for shipment, and if the weather remains coni, business will commence early this fall.—Nofolk Herald. Lords Waltenpark and Puget and Gener als Sturgis and Custar, and others, went on a buffalo lmot near Hayes City, Kansas, on Wednesday, and killed forty buffaloes in five hours. The wives of two negro aldermen of Mis sissippi nearly killed each other in a little difference of opinion as to which had the preference of the other by virtue of her hus band’* office. •> The college of the city of New York has beeni in consultation; abotit retaining a pro fessorship of Greek and.La tin. After a long discussion, the classics won by a vote of trus tees—eight to one. “Do you call this a trunk ?” growled a de jected porter. “It only needs a lightning- rod to be mistaken for a boarding house.” A far-sighted New York tobacconist has set up as a. sign tho effigy of a female in jBloomer ccstume.^i .. •* 7 . • j-V, Frost.—The upper sections of Alleghany, county, Maryland, wore visited by a heavy frost on Wednesday of .last.week, and the late buckwheat and vegetation were injured se- igBrwm<. ,• .5 if*5rtf Stokes says the Republican party has “gone to hell,” and Prentice adds that it conld certainly have gone to no place where ho (Stokes) would haVe been more apt to find it again. v. y ■„ Bast In Cotton. ■ ytki From the Enfanla New*-] The cry of the blighting and destructive effects of the rust on the cotton crop, is com ing to ,us from all sections of the country, and jt' is believed that its damages, this year, will be equal to that of the caterpillar or the boll worm. These are are the three formidable enemies to the growing cotton weed and its fruit. i Planters were, in slavery times, content to cut down and clear up tbe primeval forests, bought at low prices, and open fresh fields abounding in vegetable mould, potash, and the salts of fertility, and-.to appoint overseers to drive negroes and mules, to make large crops and wear out the land, and then to move westward, in quest of a new theatre for similar operations. The planters knew as little as the overseer—the overseer a little more than the negro about correct husbandry and culture, and-the. negro not much more than the mule. But all combined, and doing w ork on virgin soil, they made good crops, developed immense resources, and exported njore consumable commodities to Europe and other countries, than all the other sections of the Union. But a great revolution has intervened, and we are In the beginuing of a new order of .things. The free negro "has not; since the war, and will not, in the future, at least in onr times, clear any forests, reclaim swamp lands, and open up new fields for culture. We have therefore to “accept the situation,” work our cleared lands, enter upon an im proved culture, strive for progress, and make the most we can, with tho materials before us. Thequestion of the rust is of great im portance and magnitude. We propose to consider it in three points of view—its an tiquity, its nature and the remedies to check it. 1. Its Antiquity—As far back as authen tic history reaches, we have the.accounts of the ravages of the rust. The Old Bible is tbe most ancient of all histories. Moses and the prophets bear ample testimony to its preva lence in Eastern Asia, in that remote age and country. It is enumerated as one of tbe instruments which an offended Deity em ployed to chastise tbe disobedient Israelites. It was always denounced in threats, as well as in actual punishments. The great terror held over that people, and often inflicted, in the language of the inspired writers, was “pestilence, blasting, rust, locusts, caterpil lars and famine.” Still later, the Roman and Grecian author ities speak of it as destructive to the crops of their respective countries in Southern Eu rope. In the meridian blaze of Roman Lit erature, knowledge and power, Virgil, the most learned of their poets in agricultural matters, alludes to the Rust, with what was deemed a partial remedy for its damages to small grain: “ Mox et frnmentis labor additns, ut mala cnlmos, Esset Rubigo, segnisque horreret in arris Carduus.”—Georgica, Lib. 1,160. Here he states that “ labor 1 ’ (culture) was resorted to, to prevent the “ Rubigo” (rust) from damaging their crops. Horace, his contemporary, barely speaks of it as the “ sterilis Rubigo,” the blasting rust. Horace knew the wines, whether from the Massic, the Falernian, or Formian hills, but particularly the “Veterum Caecubum” of Maecenas, whilst lie knew but little, and cared less for agriculture. But the prevalence of rust was so destruc tive that the Romans, at an early period, in stituted feasts to the Deity Robigus, com-, posed of prayers, sacrifices and obscenities, to avert the calamities. And still later: in England and oh the continent the rust an nually continues to inflict its damages upon their cereal crops—wheat, rye, oats and barley. In America the rust not only affects the small grain, which it generally destroys in the Gulf States, but also our chief crop for revenue—cotton. In the year 1859 the rust extended over all the Southern States, in volving the grass and trees of the forests to such an extent that the deer and cattle, feed ing on the wild woodland pastures, died by countless thousands from a disease called the black tongue. 2. Its Character — What is it?—Bo tanists and scientific men have placed the vis ible phenomena beyond all debate. When in “full blast,” it is a parasitic plant of the Fungus Family. The Fungi cover the stalks of cereals, and. like the small-pox, become confluent. These minute plants arc the low est order of vegetable growth, and only ve getato in a cellular state, like mushrooms.— Up-starting (to coin a word) upon the sickly or decomposing leaves of the cotton stalk, their roots ramify and consume the sap and food in its upward tendency, which, other wise, would give vitality and development to the cotton stalk, leaves, and fruit Hence, when the rust sets np in cotton, the growth of the plant is stopped, tbe leaves die and drop off, and all farther fruiting ceases. This damage is sometimes partial, varying in tbe extent of its damage, as it is checked or increased by the season and temperatures. These fungi, or small clustering plants, of a yellow or redish hue, invisible as such to the naked eye, yet under the microscope are seen and known to have roots and seed. Hence Botanists say that the rust is vegetable fungus. Now all that is claimed, as already stated, is fully conceded to be true, so far as the facts are concerned; but facts are not truths, but only the elements of truths. We must go beyond these facts and find out the cause which produces the fungus growth. As tbe yellow skin and the yellow eyes are not tbe yellow Jaundice, but only the effect and evidence of the diseaser as umbilicated pustules are not the small-pox, but only the effect and evidence of it; as the black vomit is not the yellow fever, but only the effect and evidence of it; and so on u ad infinitum,”; ruddy yellow Fungus on cotton leaves is not the rpst, but only the effects and evidence of it. In the vegetable, as in the animal econo my, we submit, that all contagious diseases are caused by aniraalculce. This is not re ceived by Botanists, nor even thought of, or entertained, at any time—but they only look to the effects and not to the cause of the dis ease—and call those visible evidences of the disease—rust. Now this is not a verbal criticism, but a reality—and it should be clearly understood. That animalculsc are the cause of rust, can wc think, be sustained, from the analogies of all contagious diseases, as well as from posi tive proot Some years ago, I conducted some experi meats, based upon the idea that animalcules were destroying the leaves of the cotton plant, and I successfully stopped the Rust. Knowing that sulphur smoke would kill any and all insects, I fumigated the rust in a cotton patch, with powdered sulphur mixed with the dead, rotted heart of a dead pine tree, crumbled into a long-handled frying- pan. I dragged the smoking pan on the ground, up on one side and down the ether, immediately under the stalks of the infected rows, thus sending dense volumes of sulphur smoke through all tbe cotton branches and leaves. The result was, the animalcules were all killed, the cause of the disease stopped, and in the fall of tbe year the eye could not discover where the rust previously appeared, but a full and new crop of leaves and cotton followed. And this view is supported by the analogy of human contagious diseases. The doctors in the latter, like the botanists in the former case, confound the effect and the cause—a radical error in all such reasoning. The “causa causans.”—that without which the disease cculd not occur nor exist—that which produced it, is quite a different thing from the developed effect. Cholera, yellow fever, small-pox, measles, the itch, in fact all contagious diseases are caused by different species of animalcules. One species attacks the stomach and causes yellow fever; an other the intestines, and causes cholera; an other the external skin and the mucous mem brane, and the type of disease issm&ll-pox; and so on, for all contagious maladies; they are mere abnormal action of tissues, caused by tbe attacks of different species of animal- culm, upon different parts of tbe system, and producing those different effect* which, doc tors call diseases. ' ; A teamed physician does n<* thrust®^ cine hrto the human system to ticuiar disease,as a boy shoots shot from « to kill birds, hut he simply,combats gv » toms, well knowing that abnormal action moved, normal action will be restored ' fe ' is health. '.which These animalcule, whether created to * upon vegetables or animals, increase and J produce their species by myriads, product epidemics. Blight, mildew, dry rot ? ergot, rust arc all produced by animal The rust generally appears in small natrt on sour and sandy soils, but seldom on alluvial lands where clay predominates. the plants grow off in healthy vigor r sour land9 vitiate the juices which f^a a plants and produce sickly leaves; andS' soil is subject to variable temperatures f., 1 rains and the cooling effects of evapoiV -11 which produce the same effect; and sickly leaves invite the animalcule, and ir in such localities that the rust starts ' 15 The animalcule, perforating the lei induce decomposition, which sends forth ti' fungus, as decomposing beds of manure vegetable matter send forth mush-rooms God has impressed laws upon all soils ,,„T certain conditions^ which different etalT spontaneously come forth, without the few tion of seed. TCa- These views are submitted because! i lieve them to be true, well knowing thaAh ate hot orthodox, atpresent among Bnt»nt5 and the Medical Faculty. But the time win come when they will be acknowledged my purpose is merely to direct attention *7 the subject, that future investigation discover the truth, so that knowing the trr causes of rust, we may the more understand inglv discover tho remedies to prevent T- visitation, or to check it in its ravages 3. The Remedies for tbe Rust— we contemplate how little progress "has been made • in the medical world, with all it- schools and colleges for the advancement 4 science, in the knowledge of the causes and in the cure of contagious diseases; wken*» see eminent men devoting their lives to these studies and investigations for hundreds of years, and confess that the field of knowledge is not only barren of satisfactory results btt that darkness broods around and upon it- shall we be surprised that planters, C nnfe«. edly deriders of science and progress, shoo'd know so little about the diseases of thos growths, which clothe and feed them. a;:d add so much to our national wealth { ’ What progress has been made after yean of study, investigation and nractic» ia tb cure of cholera, and the yellovf fever 1 Tfcr still baffle medical skill, whilst even, theft causes are in dispute. And can the planter; expect to prevent orcontrol the rustincottos without much study, investigation and prac tice ? We planters are, beyond all question, the most ignorant of onr vocation of all classes of society. This should not be. Theculttue of the earth is-a noble and honorable wort- it will be more so when directed byknotf- edge. We can even now dimly see the dawa of a brighter day. We have a great work of study and practice before us, of ditching,sub- soiling, resting land, and the compound;:: of manures, so as t;o keep down the rust. As already stated, Virgil, the representi- tive intellect of the Romans, in agricultcnl matters, recommended ploughing, to subdue the rust in small grain, but reflected to give any directions about it. In England, it has been observed that wheat, growing near the sea shore, and even a few. miles inland, is no! subject to the rust, clearly owing to theefect of salt vapor upon the soil, and the grorieg grain. This suggested, the experiments of sprinkling brine on rusted wheat,-which to followed with tbe most favorable results.The salt, combining with- the Fungi, which us mostly water, absorbs and dries themup, and strikes down into the tender roots, and kills them outright, Three pecks of salt to one barrel of water would make a proper brine. As the rust in cotton is’thesame as that it w’heat, only produced by different species of animalculaj, or if you refuse this tbeoiy, then, only producing different species of fungi, the remedy is well worth a trial when the last first appears. Salt, ploughed in gardens in the fall, is said, on-the best authority, to exterminate the cut-worm ; and why not try it on those parts of fields where the rust usually nebes its first appearance ? Besides, salt so ploughed in is a valuable manure, being composed principally of soda, one of the best of fertil izers, and chlorine gas. The Sulphur Fumigation for rust I detn an invaluable remedy, if properly applied. I have already described its application in previous remarks. ,Tq conquer success,no half way work will do. We are just sum:: out now with free vagabond labor. But tie future is before us. and knowledge acd wealth will command labor, and we must acquire knowledge, and it will bestow width It is believed that in due time we can mj will, by persistent observations, experiment!, and science, understand tho causes of res and the remedies, and thus add, annualli. millions to onr wealth,’comfort and happi ness. Rusticcs. September 8,1869. Letter tram Talbot. The Present Cotton Crop— Cause of Rust—T' : I Gust in Acre—Application of Manure I Cultivation—The Best Results—Guano Sub-soiling—The Macon Pair—List of miums, etc. Talbotton, September 15, 1869. Messrs. Editors: Previous to the war,* ! I could estimate, with some decree of accos-l cy, the results of each year’s agricultural o? I orations. But subsequently we have to d - 1 serve some serious disaster has befallen;- 1 1 cotton crop each succeeding year, which, * I ter flattering prospects, has cut short w-'I brightest hopes. It is now doubtful wbetto I the present crop will exceed the product*-1 last year, the long continued drought, wit* f other causes, having operated against tbectf I ton plant very seriously. Nothing has beC | so fatal to the crop in this section as the Co I weather combined with rust. My own oW I vation of this blighting calamity, which & I ceeds in destruction the ravages of the «:«' I pillar even, leads me to attribute its I ance to a combination of atmospheric I cnees and causes. The very cold nights, 1 lowed* by long continued draught, of “'‘I mornings and scorching, hot days, 1 checked the luxuriant growth of the co w plant,left it subject to thecontractiau ot t disease, the gray and sandy soils suae e I most Ihardly think, the guano I the cause of the rust, but assisted in ltsQe . . I opment, where deep cultivation of the p 14B I was not bestowed. v The “Gustin Acre,” of which I resd . 4I L [ . I teresting account in your paper, is an I tant experiment in this respect, inasmuc I it shows the power of fertilizing with culture. I believe that subsoiling I sable in the successful application of all . I mercial manures. Or, in other words, . I not believe guano will pay a large P I without subsoiling. It must depend 00 ^ I tingencies to remunerate the planter I arily. Of a dry year, with surface cm I tion, nine times out of ten, it will p ro ul - - lantede^j" failure. Where the crop was pi this year, with good seasons, the lower-ertf of bolls is excellent The great a “, T .“ ^ of small acreage, occurs to me,j tbi*'" redaction of tho labor force, with tDe amount of land employed, to make on ^ ■ produce what three would ordinarily The advantage of this system is one to we save two acres ploughing and same a? ^ I of chopping. We make as muchwi ,| plough hand as three can gather, jjl L.’b plough is a good one—I trust send one down to the exhibition. uai A neat pamphlet, containing a larg*' B | premiums to be awarded at the g re * t „, c k| be held on the 16th November, i* has just reached me. Its contents ,^1 ceed gly interesting. I predict a o ^1 success for this enterprising . rof ^| gia. Lot Macon be prepared tk*| I less numbers of people who will * ^1 daring’ wMiwi occmIqp* ing this gnand-, next, I wilt give an eocount ot >»»»£** amis.: eli Gpod pr^TI {lands, improving aoilveta. 'for rain. 000*^1 Warm Wnsaoa — weather a*:?: V il • if' ’.**• • W ' PJ't v Me j i*T7 ’ * «* *- ** * * Jfjt ipu. . , :««V * -1 Ar iA..imdfrfeii r
