Newspaper Page Text
II Talks LUith Farmers
Conducted By C. H Jordan
♦ Subscribers are requested to ad- ♦
♦ drew all inquiries tor Information ♦
♦ on subjects relating to the farm. *
♦ field, garden and poultry to tho ♦
♦ AgrP-uttural Editor. Ail inquiries ♦
♦ will receive prompt and careful at- ♦
♦ tention. No inquiries answered by ♦
♦ mail Please address Harris Jordan. ♦
♦ Agricultural Editor. Monticello. Ga. ♦
' DIVERSIFIED FARMING.
If there ever was a time in the history
of our southern country when diversified
agriculture had become a necessity it
would seem that such a time had now
come. Aside from the necessity which
now so Imperatively exists for a radical
change frrm the all cotton system, which
broke down and ruined diversified agri
culture for so many years, it would ap
pear that at this particular time the
country seems thoroughly ripe for the
movement Public sentiment is in favor
of our people producing all things needful
in the south on their own farms, and
large capitalised corporations are being
created to give encouragement and as
sistance to such a method of farming.
That the southern farmers are rapidly
waking up to an appreciation of their
magnificent resource*, and are learning to
develop them a* they should be, there
can be no question of doubt. We see it in
the annual increased acreage in grain,
the daily click of the mowing machine
daring the hay season, in the broad acres
of corn, the extension as pasturage, the
purchase of thoroughbred beef cattle for
breeding and the unusual production of
pork. U the cotton acreage is not les
sened it Is a noteworthy fact that, espe
cially in Georgia, there <bas been made,
and is now being made, a tremendous in
crease and growth along the other lines of
agriculture just mentioned within the past
few yean.
The possibilities of the South Atlantic
and .Gulf states in the development of
cattle, pork, vegetables, grain, fruit, poul
try and other supplies of like character
are attracting th* attention of investors
in Europe as well as tn this country. It
is already acknowledged that the water
fronts at Georgia's two principal sea port
cities. Brunswick and Savannah, are
equal to those of any others along the At
lantic coast line. The countries of Europe
are becoming each year more dependent
upon the agriculturalists of the United
States to furnish their dense population
of consumers with those food supplies
necessary* to existence. The southern
states, through southern porta, present
the easiest and most accessible territory
of this country to be reached by Euro
peans.
A Produce Syndicate Forming.
Naturally, owing to Georgia's geo
graphical location, her magnificent water
front, and her world-wide known re
sources for the development of diversified
agriculture, capital seeking investment
for handling this line of our resources
would first look to thia state. In order
that our readers may know the objects
and purposes of a large English syndi
cate now being formed to do business in
Georgia and adjoining states in the hand
ling of all kinds of farm produce, except
cotton, it will be here outlined, so far
as I have been already informed. The
name of this new. mammoth concern will
bo the British. Southern States U. 8. A.
Cattle Abattoir and Produce Co., Limi
ted. with headquarters in London.-
The company has organized with a paid
up capital stock of 85«n*» with privilege
reserved of increasing its capital to 8160.-
tm.600. Last week Dr. John A. Harriss, of
London, general agent of the company,
reached Atlanta, accompanied by Col.
Henry J. Lamar, of Macon, who is also
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Address
The Journal,
Atlanta, Ga.
>.—
a stockholder in the big concern. Being
chairman of the general agricultural com
mittee of the house of representatives,
three gentlemen sought an interview with
tne and requested an audience before that
committee. The request was readily
granted and our committee heard Dr.
Harriss outline the future plans of his
company last Friday afternoon, which in
substance was as follows:
The company proposes to erect during
the next six months at some convenient
point in Georgia, a million dollar con
centrating point, which will be equipped
with all modern appliances for carrying
on the business of slaughtering cattle,
swine, sheep, goats, poultry, etc., can
ning fruits and vegetables and operating
an extensive refrigerating plant'. In ad
dition to the central plant, there will be
located at numerous points, sub-stations
or agencies, throughout this and adjoin
ing states, for the purpose of buying di
rect from the farmers all cattle and oth
er kinds of produce for sale, which will
In turn be shipped into the concentrating
or central plant.
From the latter point these various
kinds.of food products will be prepared
for consumption, shipped to the port of
Brunswick or Savannah and there loaded
on a line of steamers, to be owned and
operated by the company, direct to Lon
don for distribution into the various
channels of trade on that side of the At
lantic.
The company already owns a line of
vessels numbering 18. which is now at
their immediate command. Dr. Harriss.
who is an Englishman, stated that the
population In England had already become
so dense that there was left but little
farming lands to cultivate and that Great
Britain was rapidly becoming a nation of
consumers, and her people felt that the
south was the nearest and best medium
through which to obtain needed food sup
plies of every character. He stated also
that the firms of Lipton company, limited,
and Peterson company, limited. were
large stockholders in his company, and
were among the wealthiest produce mer
chants of London. He further stated
that his company was not asking for sub
scriptinn or monetary assistance of any
kind, simply the moral and active support
of our farmers.
That la. his company wanted the farm
era of Georgia and adjoining states to
take sufficient interest in the work of the
new company, to raise all the cattle,
fruits, vegetables and other food pro
ducts which would be required to success
fully carry on the extensive business con
templated. In addition to shipping these
food products to Europe, Dr. Harriss tes
tified that on the return voyage of these
vessels they would be loaded with potash
saits used In our comemrclal fertilisers,
and a class of desirable emigrants which
would be intended to aid us tn solving our
present labor problems. These emigrants
would be selected from Wales. Scotland.
Ireland, and the countries of Sweden.
Norway, and Germany. That each emi
grant must exhibit to the state a cer
tificate of good character before being
permitted to land tn this country.
What It Means.
The permanent location of this mam
moth concern in Georgia, with its numer
ous substations tn the various counties,
will mean the immediate establishment of
a local market at the highest cash prices
for everything which our farmers have to
sell, from a dosen eggs up to a bunch of
fat beef cattle. There will be nothing tn
the produce line which the agents of the
company .will not J>uy from the seller,
rib -fixed rules regarding the number or
weight of these various commodities, and
the cash will be paid tn full, prices being
regulated by our daily market reports, as
now seen in the press. Dr. Harris made
the statement in reply to a question asked,
that his company could easily handle
every car load of peaches and melons rais
ed in Georgia, taking them direct from the
producers at their local stations, stating
further that his only fear now was that
production would not equal for some years
to come the demand of his company for
all the produce wanted. The establishment
of such a business here in Georgia would
mean the abolition of the trials and losses
now Inflicted upon our people in being
forced to ship the products of their farms
to commission houses In distant cities. It
would mean the solution of exhorbitant
and excessive freight rates from southern
to eastern markets.so much complained
about each year by our fruit and melon
growers. It would mean the permanent lo
cation of a good spot cash market In every
county, where the seller would receive the
value of his products on delivery and
not depend with fear and trembling upon
the return of account sales from foreign
commission merchants. The nearer the
seller can be brought to the doors of
the last handler of his products the near
er .he comes to reducing all the fixed
charges to a minimum which are put upon
his products along the line between the
THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GEORGIA, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 7. 190 A .
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The Farmer’s Boy.
To the farm the world is largely in
debted for her successful men and her
great men. Among those who nave risen
to the highest gift at the hands of their
countrymen, in our own country, we give
the names of several of our presidents,
who were born and grew up on the farm:
John Adams, the second president, was
the son of a farmer of very moderate
means. The only start he had was a good
education.
Andrew Jackson wa? born in a mg hut
in North Carolina, and was raised in the
pine wooas, for which that state is fa
mous.
James K. Polk Epent the earlier years
of his life helping to .dig a living out of a
farm in North Carolina. Afterwards he
clerked in a country store.
Millard Fillmore was the son of a New
York fanner and his home was a very
humble one.
James Buchanan was born in a small
to' n in the Alleghany mountains. His fa
il* cut the logs and built bls own house
in the wilderness.
Abraham Lincoln was the son of a very
poor Kentucky farmer and lived In a log
cabin until he was 21 years of age.
General Grant lived the life of a common
boy in a very common house on the banks
of the Ohio river until he was 17, and
later in life he hauled wood to St. Louis
as a means of livelihood.
James Garfield was torn Ip a log cabin.
He worked on a farm until he was strong
enough to use carpenter tools, when he
learned that trade. Atterwards he work
ed on a canal.
“Honor and shame from no condition
rise:
Act well your part—there all the honor
lies.’’
The American Farmers.
American farmers ought to be the most
prosperous people in the world, for they
feed and clothe more people than any two
nations of the earth. They produce the
stuff and the people of the earth must
have our surplus and must pay good round
prices for It. In this country one man
can grow food for 100. No other people,
in any age. can or could do as much.
Then, if the American farmer has the
world at his mercy, by virtue of his su
perior intelligence and industry, why
should he not be rich? Well, we suppose
it Is because he has no power to regulate
the price of his products, that being done
by produce gamblers after the farmer has
alienated them.
The Future of Armita.
"The fall maneuvers in Germany and
France.” says the Loplsvllle Courier-Jour
nal. "have brought out from British mili
tary critics very severe strictures. One
writer thinks he has discovered that the
vaunted German military system Is a fig
ment of the imagination. Another grave
ly states that the French army Is un
trained for war, at best, according to Eng
lish ideas. There are, however, those who
do not admit that English Ideas about war
are a criterion. The criticisms on the
German and French maneauvers were un
doubtedly prompted by adverse mention
of British operations in South Africa. It
has been reputedly said In France, Ger
many and elsewhere that the Boer war
has demonstrated that Great Britain is no
longer a military nation. These amenities
anqong military critics need not be taken
too seriously.”
Liberty of Interpretation.
A church was a considerable time with
out a pastor. A great number of persona
of varied talents preached to them with a
view to obtaining the post. A very ambi
tious young man was asked to supply
them for a Sabbath. All went well until
he gave out the text: “See that ye refuse
not him that speaketh.” Imagine the
consternation the people experienced
when he read out the text In a lofty and
GOOD POSITIONS.
You may, without paying to the college
a cent for tuition, until course is complet
ed and position secured, attend one of
Draughon's Practical Business Colleges.
Nashville. St. Louis. Atlants. Montgom
ery. Little Rock. Shereveport, Ft. Worth
and Galveston. Send for catalogue: It will
explain all. Address: "Credit Dep’t., L.
O. Draughon's College." at either ‘of
above pieces.
Note premium list in this Issue,
make your selection and subscribe at
once.
farm and the final consumer. When the
products of our farms have to pass
through the hands of half a dosen peo
ple before they reach the consumer the
producer is forced to pay all the commis
sion charges and which are figured out of
the price made to the producer. Dr. Har
ris says his firm will prepare circular
letters to be sent to farmers In every
county in the state, asking them what
they now produce and If they will plant
certain other crops which produce pro
ducts wanted by his company.
In this way a detailed statement of the
resources of the state can be obtained and
also an acreage soon agreed upon for the
production In quantity of such produce as
the company will want that Is not now ex
tensively raised. I am firm In the belief
that the moment our people are assured
that a good local market will be establish
ed in their midst for diversified products
of all kinds that the time would not
be far dtatant when this English syndicate
would he jfully supplied with all the food
products of every kind they require for
their European trade. A sudden demand of
this kind for cattle would give a tre
mendous impetus to that line of industry
in Georgia.
Our farmers would soon be realising
from >3O to 840 per ton for their cotton
seed in having them converted into meal
and hulls, feeding the same to cattle,
which would command high and profit
able prices, and carefully preserving the
manure to build up their present depleted
soils.
Other states will be called ypon to con
tribute products until such time as the
farmers Os Georgia will be able to fully
supply the needs of the company. I have
In many articles urged the needs qf just
such business plants In Georgia as an
incentive to the rapid development of our
diversified industries, and as a solution
of many problems which now confront us.
Head of the Sndicate.
The financial head and active spirit in
this movement with which Dr. Harris is
associated is Sir Thomas Lipton, of Lon
don. the owner of the Shamrock which
recently figured in the international yacht
races near New York.
Sir Thomas Lipton is one of the largest
and wealthiest produce merchants In Eng
land. He already has extensive slaughter
houses in the west and a line of refrigera
tor cars to transport the product of his
packing houses to the port of New York,
where shipments are then made by steam
er direct to his immense plants In London.
His packing business In this country is
conducted very much the same as those
of Swift & Co., Armour and others, the
only difference being In the fact that the
products of his plants go across the wa
. ters to foreign consumers, none being
handled locally in the United States. The
company is therefore strong enough finan
cially to carry out every promise made.
Its stockholders are already Identified with
us In trade and business relations. The
location of this plant based upon the ob
jects and purposes stated will revolution
ize farming in Georgia and present the
best possible means for reaching quick
prosperity in the development of diversi
fied agriculture.
We stand ready to do our part. All we
ask is for these English people to invest
their British gold i» our midst and open
the gate through which we can enter.
HABYIE JORDAN.
I! SUGGESTIONS
FROM OTHERS ;
■ i »♦♦♦»»»+♦
OLIVES IN GEORGIA.
During the last few years fruit culture
is becoming one of the most Important
avocations of the Empire State of the
South. The great peach section, of which
Fort Valley Is the imporium. is shipping
each year millions of bushels of Elbertas,
Georgia Belles and other luscious peaches
into northern markets.
But there is, another fruit from which
millions of dollars might be realised were
the attention of fruit growers directed to
its culture—the olive.
Last summer while in Europe the writer
noticed olive oil used with almost every
kind of vegetable. Lettuce and cucumbers
are given a relish by this means that
renders them delicious. This oil could be
manufactured in Georgia from olives
grown on our own soil.
On the plantation of Mr. J. S. Blasin
game, about six miles from Roberta, there
is an olive tree literally teeming with fruit,
and Mr. Hugh Bankston, near him, has
also an olive tree filled with this noble
production. The fruit is wholesome and
mildly laxative, having a similar effect to
that of olive oil- i
Thousands of dollars are made each
year in California by the culture of the
olive. Why cannot Georgia engage in the
same industry?
The climate and resources are ours. Let
us make our own olive pickles Instead of
Importing them.
Farmers, plant olives instead of more
cotton.
I will state parenthetically that the al
mond also, by a little care and attention,
may be grown on Georgia soil.
An El Dorado awaits the planter capi
talist who possesses enterprise enough to
break from the agricultural traditions of
the past and seek broader fields of devel
opment for the possibilities of grand old
Georgia. S. W. R.
HOW TO GROW TURNIPS.
You heax a great many people say that
they caji’t have any luck with turnips
and they are going to quit trying to raise
them.
Most people think if they do not sow
turnips in July there is not any use to
sow at all. But this is a mistake, for a
north Georgia farmer. If you wish to grow
tender, sweet turnips, select new ground
or if you cannot have “fresh land,” if you
will rake the rich, loose dirt in the woods
and mix two or three loads with plenty
of manure. Be sure and plow your land
three times; the first should be plowed
about a month before planting, so as to
kill the weeds and grass. The last of
August or Ist September is soon, enough
to sow seed.
This is certainly a lazy man's crop, for
it requires no work after planting. Let
the turnips grow until the middle of De
cember, then cut part Os the salad; be
sure to leave the bud part on the turnip,
pile them in the open field about five or
ten bushels In a heap; lay a few boards
next to them and cover with dirt. Let
It rain on the bank and you will have nice
fresh turnips aU winter and until late in
the spring.
Years ago before Vanderbilt made his
mansion at Asheville. N. C., there lived
an old man at that place who owasl
hundreds of acres of mountain land. And
also broad acres of fertile valleys. This
old man had several children, one who.
was a kind of wild, disobedient son. To
his other children he deeded the level
valley land. To this reckless son he deed,
ed the rough mountain side, which was
considered then almost worthless. Rut
when Vanderbilt took a fancy to such
a place and wanted TeTiulld a palace
there. Os course this wild son was no
fool. So when Vanderbilt wanted his
mountain his price was several thousand.
These mountain pebple that own so
much fine timbered land should net be too
anxious to sell, especially for a mere
trifle. ~
Talk about certain parts of south Geor
gia being eaaeclally adapted to'peach
culture, but wdiit until you try the Elber
tas from north Georgia. People are go
ing wild over the Elbertas.
Hundreds of acres of land are being
bought at a cheap price for the cutiva
tion of peaches, and many acres of the
arlginal forest oaks will suddenly be
ehanged to a peach and apple forest.
Look at the hundreds of acres al
ready planted and see tlta trees loaded
with such delicious fruit so juicy, so sweet
you do not need any sugar for these peach
pies.
People that have plenty of land and
think it too poor to moke a living on and
sell it for a mere song, will certainly, be
sorry soon, and will pay a dear price if
they ever want their same land back.
This part of Georgia is not only suita
ble for peaches and apples, but the finest
vegetables you ever saw grow here In
this loose black mountain soil.
The Florida people that spend the sum
mer here say our vegetables are much
nicer than theirs and not so apt to make
one sick.
We north Georgia folks are afraid to
eat melons and early vegetables that
grow in south Georgia.
I enjoyed Bridges Smith’s article so
much about "Collards." I would like very
much to send him a mess of mountain
collards.
HOW TO MOVE CROP QUICKLY.
GRIFFIN, Ga., Oct. 25, IftOl.
Editor Atlanta Journal: I notice con
siderable complaint from some of your
correspondents of the railroad failure to
1 move the cotton crop from various sta
tions. It strikes me the railroad commis
sion could provide a remedy. If they
would pass up an order requiring the rail
roads to move the freight say In 48
hours after being delivered to them or
pay to the consignor the dame demurrage
charges the railroads make against con
signees for failing to take their freight
from the railroads within 48 hours after
arrival. If It is just for the railroads to
charge and collect from consignees for
falling to remove th<=4r. freight after a cer
tain time, then it is equally just for con
signors to charge and collect demurrage
from the railroad for failure to forward
their goods within a reasonable time.
Should the railroads refuse to pay to con
signor demurrage for failing to forward
their freight then repeal all rights for the
railroads to collect from consignee any
demurrage. I think should the railroad
commission adopt such a rule as suggest
ed there would be but little complaint in
the future of the railroads to move all
freight tendered them.
Yours respectfully,
W. H. BREWER.
HOW TO SOW LATE RYE.
W, B. K., Julia, Ga.—l wish to aow a
piece of ground in rye, though it is late.
The ground is a red, stiff clay soil and
poor. What do you think of broadcasting
same with salt. If it be of any benefit
to soil or crop, then how much per acre?
Answer—Salt has but little or no fertil
izing properties in it aside from perhaps
a trace of potash. Salt is said to be good
to check the spread of rust in wheat by
broadcasting in on the land. I do not think
you would derive much benefit from it
broadcasted on land sown in rye, as I
have never seen rye with rust. If you
have a quantity on hand, however, you
might broadcast 200 or 300 pounds per acre
and watch the result. I should prefer
something else as a fertilizer for rye, such
as cottonseid, stable manure or a com
plete commercial fertilizer. Rye cah be
sown as late as December with good re
sults and will always make a fairly good
crop on thin soils, such as you speak
abouL
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Success of Free Rural Delivery.
• Chicago Record-Herald.
Whether free rural mail delivery can
be made to pay the cost of maintenance
or not its success as a practical extension
of the postal service has been demon
strated beyond all controversy. There 'a
no longer any question about its value to
rural communities or its acceptance by
them as a welcome institution for bring
ing them in closer touch with the centers
of industrial and educational interest. J
No department of the federal service has
had such phenomenal growth or such
prompt manifestations of popular appre
ciation. A Washington dispatch to The
Record-Herald recalls the fact that The
first appropriation to inaugurate this ex
periment which was only $10,006. was made
five years ago, the route running from
Charlestown, W. Va. The appropriation
for the sendee during the present year is
83,500,000 and the postmaster general will
ask congress to allow 86.250,000 for next
year.
On the first of next month there will be
6.000 routes in operation, one carrier , to
each route, and each carrier aerving an
average of 600 persons. If the present pol
icy of the government in the matter of
free rural delivery extensions is main
tained long enough it is only a question of
time when it will cover a million squarl
miles of territory and will serve not less
than 30,000.000 persons.
As an agency for the dissemination of
popular Intelligence in rural communities
and for promoting the good roads move
ment f~ee rural mail delivery is one of
the most gratifying achievements of the
decade and merits all possible encourage
ment.
The postoffice department should insist
on a high standard of post roads as a con
dition precedent to the extension of the
free rural delivery.
To Make the Future. *
The man who makes of himself the
greatest success is the man who, under
adverse circumstances, takes off his coat,
rolls up his sleeves and sails in to make
the most of what little he has. When
everything is. prosperous and there is
plenty in the land and customers crowd
about the counters, the need is not so
great. Now is the time for our people to
egt down to work. The tide has turned
in cur direction. Let us take advantage
of it, throw out books tn all directions
and land as mueh fish as we can. Ouf
boat Is seaworthy and as competent to
.handle and take care of as many new in
dustries as those of anybody else. Let
us not sH down with tilted-back chairs
and feet comfortably elevated to await,
believing that what will be will be and
what will not be will not happen. Let us
force it to be. inhere has never been a
time In our history when we could offer
better Inducements, when we could with
greater pride invite capital to examine
pur claims and make its home among us.
Our future w'll be what we will choose it
to be.
The Average American.
Dr. Henry Gaunett in Everybody's Maga
zine.
The average American to a man five
feet eight inches in height with a chest
girth of 36 inches and a weight of 150
pounds. He is nearly kn inch taller than
his English cousin and more than an inch
taller than his distant cousin, the German, •
He probably looks over the heads of all
European peoples. In weight, however, he
Is exceeded by both Englishman and Ger
man, being of slimmer and lighter build,
although he Is probably as heavy as the
average European.
His family consists of one wife and
three children, a fourth ehild having died
in infancy. His age is 37 years and he ex
pects to lira 30 longer. His. expectation of
11 le is greater by a year or two than that
of the representative of any other peo
ple, those who. most nearly approach him
being our kjn. the English and Germans.
His wife is 35 years of age, is five feet
four inches in height and weighs 120
pounds. She will live to the age of 68 years
as her exjXtctation of life is slightly
greater than that of her husband. They j
Some Phenomenal Memories.
Prof. K. 8. Holden in Harper's Magazine.*
Many of the greatest men have had
phenomenal memories. Caesar knew the
names of thousands of soldiers in his le
gions. A modern man of science often has
a prodigious memory for special iermln
olngy. Prof. Asa Gray assured me that
he could at onee recall the names of some
thing like twenty-five thousand plants;
Theodore Gill can do the same for
fishes. Our memory for mere words is
itself much more extensive than Is gen
erally admitted. The average well-to-do
rtiild of two years of age has a vocabu
lary of some five hundred words, and its
father may have the command of 20,000
more. The 10 000 verses of the Rig-Veda'
have for 3.000 years been accurately pre
served In the memory of the Brahmins.
Not one Brahmin alone, but thousands
can today recite it word for word. Then
sands of Mohammedans, likewise, know
the Koran by heart, as dll learned Chi
nese know their classic books. The chiefs
of Polynesia can and do repeat hundreds
of thousands of words in their genealo
gies—taking days and even weeks for the
recitation.
Hundreds of pianists can play all day,
and many days, by memory: and 1 have
myself seen Von Bulow conduct Beethov
en's fifth symphony without a score.
Chess players • have a visualizing mem
ory; musicians have an auditive and a
motor memory; while arithmetic prodigies
may have any one of the three.
DOING THE RIGHT THING.
The trouble begins with a tickling in the
throat and a nagging little cough. Soreness
in the chest follows and the pathpt won
ders if he is going to have an all winter
cold. Probably. If he does the wrong thing
or nothing. Certainly not if h« uses Perry
Davia* Painkiller, the staunch old remedy that
cures a cold in twenty-four hours. There is
, but one Painkiller, Perry Davis.'
How to Cook Sweet Potatoes.
There Is no nicer way of cooking sweet po
tatoes than in the genuine southern style.
801 l them until nearly, not quite, tender; pour
off the water and stand the uncovered kettle
on the back of the range to steam. When
ready to brown, peel and cut in lengthwise
slices. For a pint of sliced potatoes, put two
tablespoonfuls of butter in a fryinx pan or
chafing dish. When very hot lay the potatoes
in sprinkle two tablespoonfuls of sugar over
them, and then pour two tablespoonfuls of
vinegar over them lightly, and cook until
brown. It is claimed that sweet potatoes are
richer with twice cooking, even If fried *n
deep fat.
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delay.
Spaghetti With Oysters.
With oysters again in season, try spa
ghetti with oysters substituted for cheese.
Stew the spaghetti in boiling salted water
until tender, rinse in cold water to re
move the starch and put in layers In a
buttered pudding dish or the small rame
kins, alternating with oysters, seasoning
and white sauce. " Cover with bread
crumbs dotted with butter and bake until
brown.
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LOCAL APPLIANCE CO- lOCTkerp Nik., laAlutpdllt, 111
Dairying and Live Stock
Conducted By B. LU. Hunt ,
Readers of the Semi-Weekly ?
Journal are invited to send on- ♦
♦ quisles about dairying, live stock ♦
♦ and veterinary matters to B. W. ♦
♦ Hunt. Editor of this department, at ♦
♦ Eatonton, Ga. No questions an- ♦
♦ swered by mail, but careful atten- ♦
♦ tlon will be given to inquiries and ♦
> answers will be printed to this do- ♦
♦ partment. ,
I I' I I i I f l ! »4‘
Bone Meal and Ashes For Stock.
Some years ago I found that my cows,
calves, colts and brood mares all were
greatly benefited by feeding them hard
wood ashes, and phosphate of lime. I have
kept tip this practice for years. ■ The fol
lowing is taken from Professor Henry's
writing in the Breeder's Gazette. It is re
liable and should be studied as carefully
by colt raisers as by the swine breeders
I fully believe that the absence of lime
and ash in the rations of colts is the
source of the heretofore fatal disease
called Big head.
The only experiments in using bone
meal as a feed for pigs so far as known
to the writer were those conducted by him
a number of years ago. A series of pig
feeding experiments were being conduct
ed In which pigs were maintained exclu
sively on corn meal in order to ascertain
what effects followed the use of this sin
gle feed. Os course it was unnatural to
cause growing pigs to live on corn alone,
nevertheless we wished to know definitely
what would follow such abnormal use of
a single fodd so rich in carbohydrates and
so poor In protein and ash material.
It was found that the growing pigs
living on corn (with water and salt ad
ditional!. It was most interesting to ob
serve the difference that a little bone meal
or wood ashes made to such cases. The
pigs getting these materials grew more
normally and made better gains for a giv
en quantity of feed. They were not per
tect specimens of hogs from the breed
er's or feeder's standpoints, nevertheless
the bone meal or ash material improved
them. At slaughtering time the thigh
bones of th® pigs under experiment were
broken under a testing machine to see
how strong they were Further, the thigh
bones were burned to a muffle and the ash
that remained was weighed. Here is the
result summarized for three trials with
these pig” living on com meal with or
without bone meal and hardwood asnes in
addition:
i When I When I When
t . . bonemeal ashes I neither
J was fM. | were fed. t was fed.
Cern meal re-1
quired to pro-1
d'ice ion lbs. I
of ere to I 4*7 lbs. I 431 lbs. 1 62 s lbs.
Average break-!
irp str«nx h!
of thighbones' GBO lbs. | 3*l lbs. | 301 lbs.
Average ash
in thigh bone ; l66 graree.ileO arsiwe, 1"7 grams.
‘ It will be seen from 'the table that pigs
' getting bone meal or ashes gave the more
economical returns for a give weight of
meal. Their bones were about twice as
strong as shown by the breaking test
and further they contained considerable
more mineral matter.
In regard to the amount of ashes and
bone meal consumed, it may be stated
that to one of the trials with growing
pigs, which lasted 112 days, corn meal be
ing the . qnJy given, nigs con
sumed 16.5 pbPnds of bone meal and 7.5
of salt. In the same time two other pigs
consumed 33 pounds of hard-wood ashes
and eight pounds of salt. The bone meal
was given in the slop and the ashes to a
separate trough. The pigs were confined
in pens with board floors and were allow
ed to run in yards for exercise, the yards
being covered with boards likewise to pre
vent the pigs rooting in the earth and
eating more or less of It. Os course the
pigs were kept in an abnormal condition,
but we were experimenting.
When pigs are kept in a normal condi
tion and receive a variety of feeding
stuffs it is usually not necessary for the
stockman to use bone meal. If he feels
that bone meal is necessary a table spoon
ful a day to each pig put in the slop
Fould be sufficient to get any possible
benefit. It will be equally well as a rule
to allow pigs to have free access to hard
wood ashes and this should always be
done or some other substitute given. Pigs
which can root to the earth no doubt re
ceive benefits therefrom. Gritty matter
probably kills intestinal worms and may
correct the abnormal conditions of the
stomach or Intestines. In the great corn
districts hogs are constantly losing to
quality, as is shown by the common com
plaints of "too fine bone." “broken legs at
shipping time,” "sows have too few pigs."
“pigs- bom weak." and so on. Bone meal,
ashes, rotten wood, coa. slack. slacked
lime, mortar and similar substances are
all helpful in feeding pigs. AU of these,
however, singly or combined, eannofcmake
up for the loss of a suitable variety of
feeeding stuffs, some of which should be
rich in muscle building food (protein) and
ash fqr. the bones. Skim milk or butter
milk is the ideal feed for young pigs for
both bone and muscle building. Middlings
or ship-stuff will prove helpful. Then let
the stockman use clover, alfalfa and blue
grass additional. With these feeding stuffs
on the bill of fare some corn can always
be given, and as the fattening period ap
proaches more and more may be supplied
with profit. W. A. HENRY.
Pan-Amarican Dairy.
The representative associations of the
different breeds of dairy cattle weuld not
themselves take the responsibility of en
tering their favorites. Hence the manag
ers of the fair selected five each of the
cattle belonging to the breeds named in
the following table and tested them on
their merits. The result is as follows,
table made to September 17, 18M:
•p»»j woo nmxi. g jggsisgsg
——'issaissais
tmj ui«j» »«v»a agaeggapsßi
7“ RRgSas 5! g V- ~
pej •*»!!»
•paj Xeq jo aftr«A|
-p-WH J”
i nnoJ ~ Ja 7 Kasatfaaaua
eweo « »»
•wnnq jo jonotny
1 " ■ <O. ... 1
•Xitui spunoa .
I ..., jKMaMMra*
I ; NNHiIHi -
’ 'htKtHii
The fair 1s not yet over, but the relative
positions of the families near the top will
not likely change materially.
The Jerseys have been slowly gaining
on the Gurnseys as the end grew near,
but the time is not sufficient to make up
the 87.54 lead now held by the fawn and
whites of the second of the group of Chan
nel islands. For true economic compari
son. a test of this kind should have been
planned from the first te last one year.
The farmer's dairy cattle, that are hia
— .n—~. .... ■■
reliance for income, are these showing
the largest net profit for the whole jyear.
A dairy plan cannot be other than sur
prised at the good showing made by the
Red Polls. The few of this breed on thia
continent must have deprived the partleg.
in charge us any chance of selection that
could be compared with most qf the other
breeds. - . .. . .
The Dutch Belted have been a surprise
to me by their poor showing. I hsve
usuaily observed these cattle for nearly
30 years in the dairy districts about New
Tnrk city find supposed they were above
rather than below the average. ■!. an?
Inclined to think good specimeno we*c not
sent to Buffalo.
In the <*hse of the Jerseys not a big
yielding cow developed in the herd. Their
leading position compared with the rest
is result of an almost equal dairy merit
in ail the members of tiie herd.
The Guernseys numbered a truly great
cow in Mary Marshall. Her bull calves
should be in great demand, and the coun
try should be benefited by the prominence
given the excellent dairy breed to which
she belongs aryl wtoch fir so largely in
debted to this one turpasstoc cow for its
premier position at Buffalo. . _
B. W H.
»♦♦♦♦♦♦ I >Ti ♦♦♦♦♦
♦ WHEN EXECUTIVE MANSION +
♦ WAB IN DOOLY COUNTY ♦
♦ By E. F. Strozier. ♦
It is a fact perhaps not generally known
that at one time the executive mansion
of the state was located to Dooly coun
ty. True the "mansion” wa* not as pra
tenttous as the present Peachtree resi
dence of Georgia's chief executive,, but
nevertheless it sheltered Georgia's gov.
ernor for a brief period during, a trying
and stormy .time in the state's history.
Joseph E. Brown will be remembered to
history as Georgia's war governor. Os
his qualities it is Mnneeessary to speak-
His public life is a part of t..e history of
the state, and it is sufficient for the pur
poses of this article to say that he was. at
the beginning of the war. an ardent se
cessionist. and moreover he was a man of
action. When the state delayed the pas
sage of rhe ordinance of secession, and
when that measure was being apposed by
such able Georgians as Alexander H.
Stephens and Herschell V. Johnson. Gov
ernor Brown growing impatient of delay
and foreseeing that Georgia must inevit
ably follow her sister slates in thoir
withdrawal from the Union caused tho
arsenal at Augusta and the forts below
Savannah to be seized and occupied by
state troops. This was the act of a bold
and farsighted executive, and had the
Confederate arms triumphed, all well and
good, but should failure come tho gov
ernor's embarrassing and perilous position
can readily be seen and appreciated.
Four years passed and with those years
the hopes of the Confederacy. J '
The governor himself doubtless remem
bering his somewhat prematura action tn
the matter of the Augusta arsenal and.
Forts Jackson and Pulaski was in nowise
anxious to come into close contact with
the Yankee officials. He doufitlese con
cluded that It would be the part of wis
dom to move the seat of government <*r
at least the head of it to some more re
tired community than Milledgeville. The
place selected showed the fine judgfh»nt ,
of the governor, for I Have no 14s* that
it ever occurred to Bherman to look for
Confederates in the wll<J» into which ha *
retired. In the southern portion of the
state lay a vast tract of sparaely settled
pine lands, known then and now as the
wiregrass region of Georgia. This vast
expanse of primeval pine forest began at
a point about 30 miles south of Macon and
stretched away to the Florida Una The
few hardy pioneers who Inhabited this
region lived in log cabins and their chief
source of revenue lay tn their herds of
cattle and flocks of sheep that roamed tho
woods at will and subsisted upon the na
tive wiregrass. Few people In this sec
tion owned slaves and it was generally
looked upon as not only an unproductive
but an unhealthy cotintry. Several years
before the event 6f which 1 write GcV
ernor Brown had purchased a tract <3f
several thousand acres of land in the
heart of the wiregrass region In the south
ern portion of Dooly county. It wts. to
this place that Governor Brown refugeed
after the fall of Atlanta, and when It be
came apparent that GeorgS would be
overrun and every Important point invest
ed by the Federal forces.
The house occupied by the governor and . ’
his family and which for the time became ,. t
the executive mansion of Georgia, was a ,
typical home of th« better class of wire
grass land owners a»»d cattle raisers of
that day.
it was built of hewn pine logs, two sto
ries high, and consisted of two big trout
rooms and two shed rooms down stairs,
separated by a wide open halt A wido
veranda ran the entire length of the build
ing In front, and glasa windows and brick
chimneys gave it an air of importance
over the humbler dwellings of that section.
The house stood upon a gentle eminence* •
at the intersection of the Blackshear and
Trumpville roads, in the midst of a clear- ,
Ing or field somewhat larger than usually
found to that section, and which waa shut
to on all sides by miles of almost un
broken pine forest. To the westward,
scarcely a mile away, the waters of Gum i
creek leisurely found their way to the
bosom of the Flint and just over, the crest
of the eminence to the east arose the
headwaters ot the Alapaha. Neighbors
were few and far between, but It is not
to be supposed that fact detracted from
the desirability of the place at that time.
More than 40 miles intervened between
the nearest railroad station, and here un
disturbed the governed - remained.with hia
family, while Sherman ent his way from
Atlanta to the sea and the Federal au
thorities made diligent but fruitless
search for Joe Brown. Governor Brown,
white wcathy, is said to have been frugal
in bls habits and old-fashioned in hia
ways, and there is a legend still extant
in these parts that when he refugeed to
this place he did not fail to bring with
him a peculiar and favorite species of
collards, which he caused to be trans
planted in the wlregraes garden, and •
which were known as J3rown”
lards.
Time and progress have wrought great
changes in the wiregrass country ainca
the days when Georgia's governor sought
a refuge here. Dooly county and the wire
grass section are justly proud of tho won
derful progress that has been made, but
the city of Cordele will always proudly
claim as a part of her ancient history the
fact that at one time upon this spot
stood the executive mansion of the state.
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