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I Talks With Farmers ||
Conducted By C. H. Jordan
* Subscribers are requested to ad- ♦
» dreee all inquiries for information ♦
> on *object* relating to the farm. ♦
* field, garden and pen! try to the ♦
fi Agricultural Editor. All Inqulrte* 4
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» tentkm Mo Inquiries answered by *
> mall. Please address Harris Jordan. ♦
fi Agtlcwtural Editor. Monticello. Qa. +
SOME INSECTIVOROUS BIRDS.
There are many birds which play an im-
Krtant part tn relation to agriculture, but
opto generally dwell on the harm rather
than the good they do in the field and
forest. Whether a bird Is Injurious or not
depends entirely upon what it eats, and
we should not reach conclusion! too
quicklv because birds are seen In numbers
tn the field or orchard, arid think they
must therefore be doing harm. As a mat
ter of fact, there are but few birds which
are really harmful, the vast majority of
them proving by their true life habits to
be of untold value to agriculture. If all
the Insectivorous birds were destroyed. It
would be almost Impossible to raise crops
or fruit In a few years thereafter.
Appreciating the high value and the im
portance of preserving the lives of these
enemies to injurious Insects and obnox
ious weed seeds, nearly all of the states
tn the union have, wtthtn recent years,
M«e*d laws to protect nearly all of our
eommoa birds, excepting those which are
useful as game birds. During the last ses
sion of the general assembly tn this state
such a law was introduced and passed
making It a misdemeanor to trap, kill or
sell any es the song or insectivorous birds
tn Georgia, except crows, English spar
rows. meadow larks, hawks.rice birds and
horned owls. Among the game birds which
are protected only during certain months
of the year are quail, woodcock, doves, j
wild turkeys and duck. All other birds la
this Mate, whether songsters or net. will I
tn future be protected by law. and any
person who traps. kill* or captures and
offers for sale any of them can be pun
ished as tor a misdemeanor. The state
ment was made before the house commit
tee on generaf agriculture in November,
during the investigation of thia question,
that at ope time last year more than X(M»
young mocking birds were shipped from
Savannah to New York for sale to north
ern bird dealers. These birds are regard
ed as the property of the state, and being
looked upon as highly useful to the agri
cultural interests of the stats, will tn fu
ture be protected by the strong arm of
the law.
Some Common Birds.
Birds usually feed upon the kind of food
that is most accessible within certain
limits. Insectivorous birds, therefore, eat
such insects as are most easily obtained,
hence, a ground-feeding bird will . eat
those it finds among the dead leaves and
grass, while the woodpecker and such va
rieties that Inhabit the tree tops select
different kinds of Insects. It la Impossible
to tall what a bird eats simply by watch
ing It while feeding, either tn the field or
orchard. The daily diet of a bird can be
only determined by an examination of Its
stomach contents In the laboratory. If a
farmer has reason to believe that certain
kinds of birds are proving Injurious to
bls fields or orchards, he should ehoot a
few and examine the contents of their
stomach#, which will definitely determine
Whether inJun- H done or not.
In response to a general demand for In
vestigation along this line, the department
of agriculture at Washington has. during
the past few years, examined tnousands
of birds* stomach and all the available da
ta respecting the food they contained
brought together. The practical value of
birds In controlling Insect pests should be
'more generally recognised and appreciat
ed by tbe farmers. It would be no difficult
matter to kin out all the birds in an or
chard or grain field and in the garden, but
to exterminate the insect pests which
would afterwards have full right of way
to everything would be no easy matter.
The destruction of noxious weed seeds by
sparrows and other birds of that class is
but little appreciated, yet weed seeds
tom One of tbe most Important items of
’■ food to these birds during ths fall and
/ winter months, and it Is almost impoaai
! ble to estimate the Immense number es
noxious weed seeds which are thus annu-i
aUy destroyed.
There are some five or six species of
woodpeckers, some of which farmers are
prone to look upon with suspicion. Ex
cepting a single species. the yallow
bresmted woodpecker, or aapsucker, these
birds rarely leave any importsuit mark
on a healthy tree. The sapsucker Is seme
times guilty of pecking holes in the bark
es apple trees from which it drinks tbe
sap when the little pita become filled.
Large numbers of Insects ara also at
tracted by the sweet fluid In these pits,
which the aapsucker also feeds upon, and
to that extent largely compensates for
the damage done to the tree. Ths flicker,
or golden-winged woodpecker, is seen
mostly on the ground, searching for food,
which consists principally of ground ants
and grasshoppers. Ths examination of a
slicker's stomach was found to contain
more than LOW ants, yet some people per
sist In shooting this valuable insect de
stroyer for purposes of food.
Other Insectivorous Birds.
The common blue jay is wall known all
over the United States east of the great
plains. Quite a number of ornithologists
and local observers contend that in spring
sad early summer a large poruon of tbe
food of this bird consists of the egg and
young of smaller birds. Some farmers
claim that jay birds steal considerable
•ora from their barns In ths fall of the
year. But while there may be some truth
in these accusations. an examination of
the stomachs of several hundred of these
birds at different periods of the year,
shows these charges to be largely exag
gerated. Tbe food of the blue Jay con
sists principally of mice, fish, salamand
ers, snails, beetles, grasshoppers, catter
plllars, spiders, etc.
The common black crow, while outlaw
ed as one of the birds not protected by
law, is not responsible for all the charges
20 TH CENTURY BUSINESS GUIDE
FILLS MANY HEN’S MONEY SACKS I
’t t Here •• a book that mIIi bv tbouaands. Telia all about how
rir'-A AT®! S» »o measure coal. Wood. cUderns, tanks, lamber, b Sight of
Iv/’SJ tossa,land, aora in crib or in pile.
'T\\ J *7 , o®®tata* cotton sellar's and Cotton picker’s tabla and
[■jL” ~ - fjf | ll<atain< metfcoisof calculation for the accountant. It is a
r n I 2£ M ®* Re< dr Reckoner:” soo pages tsr> apt illustrations
1 U "MwC:> The book sella sight at 11 M for beautiful half morocco.
1 . •*•** copies sold in twelvemonth*. demand dailv increaa-
w§w ’ ; -On .JI ■ Agent* never made mon-y half so fast Terms very 11b-
•***♦ ®*nd Me for Agent's ontdt: circulars and term* free.
U J - XICHOES * 00 • Atlants. Ga.
\ WHAT THE PEOPLE SAY.
\ The ’’Buatncas Guide" contains that is
1 practical and useful In Gaskell s Compemllum
J .-nd other book* of like character it ought
to be in the hand* of every teacher and every
~, * Bf young man of sufficient age to understand
business transactions, ex cry farmer should
■-.NR „, possess a copy. i A A. SMITH.
CPresident Northwestern College
F'cir■ * _ , WR. SANDERBVn.t,E. GA —I have worked three
/Ky IDf] ITwl I months; have orders for aver I.MO Guides: al!
lit? A UUI UFe., JmL*- —1 but 5C‘ In best binding. I will clear Jl5O 00
rho /'•/‘W/lX* I Per n »°nth, • W. H. CAMP. •
tcrfl JHE I WILMINGTON. N. C-I have averaged
i&V.i e srsfi- ill 11 OTer M orders for the Guide per day—all best
W-t ’J-'VfiAO cTxJA / binding: have »• order* B F. GORE,
tte f y 2 I FHtrriEl.O. ALA-Ship me 100 half mo-
y >j/y ncco Guides. I have sohi over
preferred against It. It Is true that crows
sometime pull up a few grains of oom
after ths grain has softened under the
process of germination under ground, and
Win attack the roasting ear In the field
during the milk stags. They also some
times catch little chickens and rob the
nests of small birds. The crow is general
ly looked upon as a blackleg and a thief,
and as such is not entitled to protection.
But erows rarely touch hard corn if any
other food Is to be bad and the contents
of their stomachs show that they destroy
large numbers of Insect pests, and to that
extent at least the crow should have a
credit to offset many other bad habits
he is charged up with.
The meadow lark subsists on noxious
weed seeds waste grain and Insects. But
ths lark Is looked upon as good game for
the table and Is numbered ambng the
insectivorous birds which are not pro
tected under existing laws. The house
wren, blue bird, cat bird, brown thrasher
•nd all varieties of sparrows, except the
English sparrow, are Mghly useful birds
about the garden, field and farm and do
an immense amount of good and but Httle
or no harm. These birds should be pro
tected in every way possible, because
they aye truly the farmers' friend. Mill
ions of injurious insects of all kinds are
annually destroyed by them, and but for
their presence on the farm, many crops
would be annually destroyed by Insects or
only protected at great expense to the
tanner.
Examination of the stomachs of the
winter or tree sparrow showed that each
bird consumes daily about one-fourth of
an ounce of weed seeds. Estimating ten
to fifteen of these little birds to each
square mile during the fall and winter
period of 200 days, and each bird consum
ing one-fourth of an ounce ot weed seed
daily, we would have a total of nearly
2.000,0ne pounds, er nearly 1.000 tana of nox
ious weed seeds destroyed by this species
In one season.
This estimate is based upon Only ths
work es one specie* when as a matter of
fact there are half a dosen different
kinds of birds that habitually feed en
these seeds during winter. From this It is
evident that our Insectivorous birds are
highly useful, not only ae insect destry
ers. but as noxious seed destroyers also.
Many of the Ills with which our crops
are afflicted at this time are chargable
to insects and noxious steeds, hence It Is
advisable that every protection be given
that vast army of the little feathered
tribe which nature has provided for the
purpose largely of keeping in subjection
tbe rapid increase of these Insects and
weeds. It every farmer will undertake to
see toat theap useful birds are protected
on his premises there will In a few years
be lees need for expensive apparatus re
quired in applying Insecticides to growing
crops In field, orchard and garden.
HARVIE JORDAN.
EXCHANGES.
Western Fruit Grower.
DUCKLINGS MORE PROFITABLE
THAN CHICKS—The saying often ap
plied to ducks that "they eat more than
they are worth" Is no doubt a very unjuat
one. Any breeder raising the Pekin chick
on a large scale wilj prove to you by act
ual experience that ducklings eat less In
proportion to their growth than other
poultry. Some Os our readers may be‘a
little surprised at this, but upon giving
the matter a little thought they can read
ily understand the reason. It io because
the ducklings reach maturity sooner than
chicks and of course the longer it takes
to raise a bird tn maturity the greater th*
expense, not only of food but of time and
trouble. Experiment has demonstrated
the fact that with the same quantity of
fqod and eare ducklings in 78 days from
the shell may be made with proper hand
ling to weigh 8 to W pounds per pair, while
chicks in the same length of time will
only weigh from J to 4 pounds per pair.
Hence this remark does not count, not
applying to ducklings when property and
intelligently bandied.
Tbe sexes may run together for the first
six months after hatching, as a rule. By
this time chickens will have past their
first moult usually, and do not come to
breeding inclinations until after thia time
or age. although in some cases pullets will
commence laying at four and a half to
five months bld. The writer has had them
to commence laying and make a business
of it in one hundred and eighteen days
from the shell. This is an Instance of pre
cocity. however, and is not so common.
After six or seven months of age at the
outside the cockerels should be separated
from the pullets. This brings them into
last month and this. Then the breeder#
should b« mated according to your fancy
and thus you may produce their like
much more surely than by any other
mode.
Stop Up the Cracks—Toe. It makes a fol
low feel chilly to hear the cold wind blow,
and we would suggest to all breeders of
poultry to mend all broken glass in their
poultry’ house sash, if you have not al
ready done so. Keep the birds well now.
The worst cases of roup the writer ever
saw were caused by the roosts in a pen
being near a half inch auger hole. I would
expect to get eggs from the early hatch
ed pullets this month; you must give them
the right care and feed them egg produc
ing food. They should have some fresh
ground bone or meat at least twice a
week. They should have a box each of
granulated bone and oyster shell and
sharp grit and don’t forget en allowance
of green feed twice per week. Cabbage,
turnips, earrots, or beets, while they are
confined in their winter quarters.
Questions and Answers.
Q.—Are Pekin ducks for market more
profitable for market than other poultry?
A.—Pekin ducks are considered by those
who raise them on a large scale to be
more profitable than any other poultry.
We breed them in large numbers and we
are well satisfied with the profits. They
require much less care than chicks and
you might say are subject to no diseases
that chicks fall heir to.
Q—How old should ducklings be when
they are killed for market?
A.—ln the early spring, when duck-
THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GEORGIA, MONDAY, DECEMBER 30, 1901.
HICKSVILLE. 0., Dec. 12. 1501.
A cssual glance at the headline will
suggest to tbe reader that this is to be
a comment upon tbe great American
hostelrtes which have made onr coun
try famous throughout the world.
A second and sober observation of
the date line will more nearly indicate
the scope and nature of this epistle.
I am not to write of the Holland, the
Waldorf, the Auditorium, the Walton,
the Negr Willard, the St. Nicholas,
the Planters, the Baltimore, the Pal
ace, the fit. Charles, or the Ponce de
Leon.
These are the hotels in a thousand—
or in a hundred thousand, and are the
exception rather than the rule—the
hotels of the happy few who live in
the cities or do their work exclusively
in the great centers ot trade.
What I am thinking of today—and
writing of—la the American Inn—the
home of the average traveler—of men
like flam Jones, and General Gordon,
and H. W. J. Ham, and of the good
army of commercial travelers, and of
the penitent sinner who pens these
lines.
Ot these hotels there are nearly, if
not quite, 160,000, and they make the
cheer and comfort—such as it is—of the
great body ot the traveling and com
mercial people of the republic.
The ‘interior hotels. If not the crea
tures, are at least, the absolute de
pendents of the commercial traveler.
Without him they could not live or
move or have their being.
If the spirit of consolidation, and ths
trend of the trusts should prevail to do
away with ths "drummer" as art agent
of commerce, we would witness the
shrinkage of all and the collapse of
nine-tenths of the country hotels in the
United States.
Some substantiation of this strong
statement may be found in the sta
tistice of ths T. P. A.: There are
12,000 men to travel for the regular
business houses in the state of lowa
alone. 11,000 in Illinois. 13.000 in Ohio—
and a proportionate list in the other
states.
I don’t know how many in Georgia—
A grand arm of restless, moving, in
terlocking paying patrons, rarely long
er than a day at any place and each
leaving behind 22 per day as the price
of his entertainment.
If you were to examine the registry
books of the country hotels you would
find that this “man with ths grip"
takes up nineteen-twentieths of every
page.
He makes the hotels possible and he
takes whatever the hotel give him,
with a marvelous modicum of actual
protest.
Oh. yes. he "kicks” at times—vig
orously and loud—but he takes it out
in a wordy kick, and in view of his
real power his actual patience is akin
to that of Job.
A little later I will show how he
holds in his hands the power of life,
death and revolution to the in-keep
er.
And, in the main, thw inn-keeper
panders to his taste and bows to his
impatience.
I had not long since a vivid personal
experience of tbe superior considera
tion which Is justly shown him.
I was booked to lecture In a town in
Nebraska and reached my destination
at 5 p. m.
As the widely advertised speaker of
the evening—and as a staff editor of
The Atlanta Journal—l was received i
with quite a demonstration. A brass
band was in waiting, a handsome
coach drawn up; the president ot the
college met me in person and escorted
me to the only hotel in the town. He
Introduced me with quite a flourish to
the proprietor, a middle aged and se
verely practical woman, and asked her
to give me the best room in the
house. i
"I will show him to a room," said
the madam with simple directness.
The college man went with me to
see where I was located.
The old lady marched through two
large, airy rooms, and landed me in a .
small compartment In the rear, about
as big as a closet.
/“But my dear Mrs said the
president, “this is the speaker of the
evening. Why can’t you give him one
of these larger rooms?"
"We’l, you see, doctor," was the re
ply. 1 might do It. for they are va
cant now. but how do I know but that
some ‘traveling man* might come
along this way about night?"
And as hard as it was. I could not
fail to recognize the justice of the dis
crimination.
Slowly, conservatively—they might
have dene it rapidly and radically—
the commercial traveler has imposed
and elevated the service of the small
er hotels, until it is safe to say ths
average is fully 60 per cent better than
it was ten years ago.
There are some execrably tough
hotels, but the average is steadily ris
ing. as tbe traveling man runs from a
tough hotel as he would from an epi
demic. And the conception is dawning
lings are the highest in price we dress
them when about nine weeks of age and
weighing from eight to ten pounds per
pair.
Q.—When you raise young ducks for
breeding purposes, what to best to feed
in this case?
A.—They do best to range them on a
grass plat ajid feed lightly of food calcu
lated to develop muscle, feathers and
bone.
Growing Tomatoes.
Professor Massey, of North Carolina, is
quoted as saying that he formerly enter
tained the oplnioqi, still held by some
(by a good many, might be said) “that
heavy applications of nitrogenous ma
nures made the vines too rank and the
fruit more crooked; but persistent efforts
in improving the character of the fruit
and the inodes of culture have convinced
him that with a good strain of seed
no amount of manuring will make it any
more irregular in any event, and that
a rank growth of vine, induced by heavy
manuring, simply indicates the need ot
more room for the plant and a heavier
crop of big tomatoes, and that heavy
manuring tn the hill is the best way to
insure a vigorous growth of vine and
a corresponding vigor and perfection in
the fruit.”'
In a general way, says T. Greiner, writ
ing in the Practical Farmer, I am entirely
in accord with Professor Massey oq these
points, except that I prefer broadcast ma
nuring to hill application. One of the
heaviest yields of most perfect fruit I
ever saw was on the grounds of a neigh
bor in New Jersey, who had put a heavy
coat of composted fish manure (rich in
phosphoric acid and nitrogen) on his
patch. It is not always true that small
fruit grows from seeds of small fruit, and
vice versa, for I would rather use the seed
of a small tomato taken from a vine that
has mostly large tomatoes than from an
exceptionally large specimen growing on
a plant that otherwise has all small fruits.
But Ido believe that "trimming and
training the plant to a single stem leads
to a smaller production of blossoms, less
pollen and a smaller crop; that the larg
est crops are always on the plants which
are allowed to take their full natural de
velopment and grow at their own sweet
will on the ground,” and that it may be
true to some extent that "healthy toma
toes lying on the ground are no more lia
ble to rot than those trained off it.” It
would not be easy to And a fruit that can
be more rapidly Improved by careful se
lection or run out more rapidly by care
less handling than the tomato.
Moultrie Observer: Governor Candler had a
pegs interview In Monday's Atlanta Journal.
It waa an indorsement of a certain patent
medicine. The interview bore marks of forg
ery-being absolutely free from "cuss words?*
AMERICAN HOTELS.
BY JOHN TEMPLE GRAVES.
upon the boniface that the only way
to entice him and to hold him is to
provide for his comfortable and cosy
entertainment. _
One of the great Influences that la
making to 'the betterment of the
American country hotel is the force of
example. The fatne and popularity of
a really good country hotel spreads so
fast and Is talked of so constantly
and heartily by the commercial trav
eler that others, seeing their flood
works, are moved to follow them.
The commercial men of Georgia can
never estimate the debt they owe to
the pioneer excellence of the Nelms
house at Griffin. That fine old house
keeper has set a model which has
reached the Judgment and the emula
tion of other towns in Georgia, and its
leaven has leavened the bread of many
an inferior inn with the spirit of im
provement. She deserves a monu
ment.
One of the earliest and the very best
of the Improved interior hotels of the
country is kept aj Athens, Ohio —by a
negro! It is the only hotel in the town
and from tfcreehbld to celling It is a
model of snowy neatness, excellent
cooking, admirable service and polite
attention. I felt some hesitation at first
in going there in the wake of the
traveling men whoge grips I always
follow. But doubt was dissolved in
delight. It is the model interior hotel
of the middle states.
It had one Incident of refined consid
eration for the comfort of guests
which f had never seen before, and
which has since been adopted in larger
hotels. In addition to the ornamental
bottles of bay-rum and Florida water
furnished free for the toilet, there was
on every dresser a cushion, whereon
were two needles—threaded, mark
you—the on# with white, the other
with black thread, and an assortment
of buttons such as a traveling gentle
man might need in the emergency of
an accident to his clothing. Now, no
man ever threaded a needle with piety
preserved, and this small considera
tion created a sensation.
I noticed the other day in Chicago
that -the Aufiltortum arid the Great
Northern had adopted the innovation
at this late day. They have added to
the equipment also a brace of safety
pins, but this 'last is a base and trucu
lent bid of the eity hotels for the baby
trade, which every self-respecting
bachelor will resent.
And all along the line the new and
Improved hotels’are springing up—and
making money hand over fist.
These good hotels are so crowded
that in many of the smaller towns,
even as far southward as Oklahoma,
it requires a telegram a day In ad
vance to secure a room, and nearly
every night the halls and parlors are
crowded. Few things pay better than
a good hotel ih a flourishing small
town in the west—or for that matter
anywhere in the country. They adver
tise themselves.
I could name two score hotels in the
towns of 6,000 and under which make
a delightful and luxurious home for
the traveler,. My space prevents the
list, but the subject is worth recur
ring to at another time.
All the bad hotels are not dead—alas!
and alack-a-day!
There is a hotel in a town of 4.000
people, within 25 miles of New York
city that ought not to be tolerated in
Euzon. There is another within 20
miles of St. Louis a" bad. and they are
still dhrkly dotted aS black and dys
peptic miasmas in the wake of com
merce throughout the country. There
is no excuse for them- They ought
not to be tolerated by opinion or by
the law of the __
I suggested a. while ago that I wauld
show how the “drummers” might
remedy such hotels. I haven’t space
to do it.
Except briefly. Suppose the 10.008
drummers in lowa should memorialize
the legislature—and what legislature
would Ignore such number?—to put
hotels under state supervision? And
why not? The law requires an examlr
nation and a license to cut your hah-,
to trim your nails, or to doctor your
horse!
Why not require a test of fitness to
preside over the nightly comfort and
the immortal digestion of the men who
keep the business of the country in
motion?
Why not forbid every scurvy cook,
with a cart load of furniture and a
skillet of grease to set up a shack to
be called a hotel, with no other stan
dard than the price of 12 per day?
The county commissioners in each
county might visit the hotels at un
expected times, ‘receive complaints,
administer criticism, and, if necessary,
revoke licenses,' without extra cost to
the state.
A tough hotel is a crime against the
traveler and should be punished and
prevented by law.
I appeal to Sam Jones and General
Gordon and the grand- army of the T.
P. A. to sustain this view.
SUCCESS IN SIGHT
AS INVENTOR DIED
NEW YORK, Dec. Regarding the re
port that Edward Taylor Bradford, the
Inventor and mining engineer, had suc
ceeded in disposing of his interests in a
patent smelter for over a million dollars
jut previous to his death m this city, Al
fred C. Purdy, a partner of the dead man
said: ,
"Mr. Bradford had perfected a smelter
which decreased the expense of reducing
ores by two-thirds, an invention to which
he had devoted the greater portion of his
professional life. One of his smelters is in
practical operation in Utah, and another
is being erected in the state of Washing
ton. In addition to this he was negotiating
the sale of a rich mine hi Alaska under an
arrangement by which he was to receive a
large block Os stock. I was his partner,
and we were negotiating with four promi
nent bankers of this cjty. Mr. Bradford
was a comparatively poor man, but I am
sure that within a year he would have
realized from $1,000,000 to $1,250,000. I am
going to try to save part of this money
for his estate, but I am not sure what I
can do. His home was in Denver, where
he leaves a wife, a son and two daugh
ters. I have received word from Mrs.
Bradford to send her husband’s body to
Denver and will comply with her request
today.”
CA.«TORXA..
Kind Yoa Hive Always Bsqf
flignstire fT” y
rs
K. T. Massey Dead.
VACDOSTA, Dec. 28.—A report from
Hahira brings the tidings of the death
of Mr. K. T. Massey, a prominent naval
stores manufacturer of that eity, who
was operated upon for appendicitis by
Dr. Holmes last week. Mr. Massey’s con
dition has been so critical all along that
there was little hope for his recovery,
though up to the time that the disease
took hold of him he was a perfect picture
of health. He was well known and prom
inent | throughout this section.
THAT HACKING COUGH
!« a source of annoyance to yourself and
others, as well as of distress. By taking a
teaspoonful of Painkiller in half a glass of
warm water or milk every hour or two, you
will be surprised to find how quickly the
cough will disappear. Insist upon getting
the genuine. Sold in two sizes. Price 2Sc.
and 60c. Avoid substitutes, there is but one
Pain-Killer, Perry Davis’.
Rochelle New Era: Georgia should be proud
of Senator Bacon. The Boston Herald, a non
partisan paper, declares that he is the ablest
Democrat in the senate.
Dairying and Line Stock
Conducted By B. W. Hunt
The writer extends a farewell in this is
sue to the readers of thia department.
With this final letter he wishes to send
greetings to all who have followed Jhe rec
ord of his twenty-five years’ experience
in live stock breeding, feeding, and de
veloping of the domestic animals of the
sduth.
To those who do not stop in the ardu
ous duties of life to think of the needless
suffering of dumb creatures he hopes some
words he has spoken in this column may
give eyes to see, and ears to hear, and
hearts to feel the misery about us. “Mis
ery” that saw tongues have voiced, and
few pens emphasized. "Misery” to
our helpless animals in tbe cot
ton states resulting largely from
dependence on the barbarous negro
for food, drink and care, in sickneaa and
in health. “Misery,” too, from following
advice of quack veterinarians, ar those un
skilled and ignorant, without experience
or scientific training whose victim is tbe
dumb sufferer. Much of the veterinary
practice of the rural south should bo rele
gated to the “dark ages” with the thumb
screw and the rack. The writer has tried
to convince correspondents that the red
hot Iron, the knife and the blister, and
many compounds of drugs prescribed are
generally productive of agony and not re
lief.
• In this department the inquirer has al
ways been told frankly when remedies
were useless. In this way unnecessary
pain has been saved the animal and un
necessary expense the owner. This is
contrary to the usage of most of the veter
inary editors of the American agricultural
papers and Mve stock journals.
The writer hardly knows of a veterinari
an who will not give a prescription for any
and all diseases whether the patient be
injured or benefited thereby.
Those peculiar southern ailments wholly
unknown to northern practitioners ex
cept by hearsay, are prescribed for
through the veterinary columns of the
average stock papers with as much assur
ance as the well known northern and Eu
ropean diseases es animals. To one rea
sonably familiar with the action of medi
cines, nothing is easier than to assign
•very ailment to a class of diseases, and
then following the teaching of the phar
macopoeia give a prescription.
Holding the belief that southern stock
raisers could only be benefited by use of
remedies known and tried to be efficacious
under southern conditions, the writer has
never advised any but those his own ex
perience had proven.
He has answered the inquirer from the
point of view of the breeder of costly ani
mals, rather than that of the paid veteri
nary. That some valuable lives have been
saved and some pein mitigated, and some
pecuniary loss averted, he hopes and be
lieves in closing his two years’ effort.
He had in prospect a treatise on the
horses and sheep in England, Ireland,
France and the Channel islands from his
own observations there, but time and
space never were at his command after
the urgent letters of Inquiry were answer
ed.
He realizes that breeding and study of
live stock in the north gives the average
northern self-asserting man a biased view
point of the southern field. Like the sci
entists, if a life be half lived out seeing
but one side of the question, the scholar,
no matter of how great piental ability,
never can see the other sidfe or grasp the
whole.
The writer claims it is his good fortune
to have seen, grasped and endeavored to
share in the advancement of true scien
tific treatment of diseases and to have
given the reader# of his column faithfully
the results.
In retiring he wishes to thank every one
who has read his thoughts as they have
weekly been presented. He is indebted
to all who have asked him questions
through the paper. Every inquiry has af
forded him pleasure to answer.
No work of an arduous and busy life
has been more enjoyed than that done by
the writer through the Atlanta Journal.
B. W. HUNT.
Answering Old Subscribers, Buchanan,
Georgia.
Give your horse the following: Turpen
tine, 1 ounce; raw linseed oil, 3 ounces;
mix and drench.
This will make but one dose, and the
same should be repeated, so the animal
will get really two ounces of turpentine
and six ounces of linseed oil in twenty
four hours, for three consecutive days;
on the fourth day give one ounce aloes.
This should be followed by eome tonic,
say, give once a day: Sulphate of Iron,
1-3 ounce; extract of camomile, 1 ounce.
I think most horses and cows are bene
fited In the cotton belt by being fed oc
casionally sulphur, and they surely need
either bone meal or phosphate of lime.
The abnormal appetite of tije horse will
disappear when he gets in good health.
B. W. H.
Pasturing Cattle.
I am thinking of investing some money
on a small scale as a business experiment,
not feeding, but to pasture cattle on Ber
muda grass and green rye, and before do
ing so I have concluded to ask your ad
vice. I know of no one better suited for
this advice and information than yourself,
and hops I will not intrude too much on
your valuable time in asking, and any
information you may give me will be
greatly appreciated by me.
How many cattle will one acre of
the average Bermuda pasture?
Can I pasture from let of April
until Ist of Octooer. If so, this will ne
cessitate feeding from Ist of October to
January Ist.
CAn 1 sow rye, say Ist of October, so as
to begin grazing Ist of January and graze
until Ist of April, then take the cattle
.and put them to Bermuda grass? Will
thia rye go to seed after cattle are taken
off, thereby saving my seed rye?
How many cattle will one acre of rye
maintain?
How much rye would you advise to be
sown per acre?
Which are the best beef cattle and
where can I’ get A bull and about what
price?
Which is the best and cheapest, the
woven wire or the barbed wire fence?
By changing pastures and looking after
them and keeping ticks off of them, do
, you think there would be any money in
the business? * A
Warthen, Ga.
Answer: On my farm when I first com
menced to pasture Jersey cattie, on land
partly upland and partly bottom land, my
cattle appeared to need between two and
three acres to the grown animal. Later
the land produced so much more grass
that I could carry in good condition near
ly double the number of grazing animals
on the same land. That the land im
proved under the grazing I am confident.
I believe that by long grazing one acre
will produce sufficient grass for a cow.
I usually found my cattle would do well
on grass from April 11th to October Ist,
or to an average of those dates, say six
months and ten days. By feeding either
cotton seed or cotton seed hulls, the pe
riod of grazing on grass can be length
ened at both ends. Economically I have
found native hay a very cheap cattle food.
Most farms have bottom land that will
produce several cuttings of grass a year.
The expense is slight for curing and hous
ing. or stacking if one has a skillful
builder of hay stacks in his employ. I do
not think green rye will prove as cheap
a food if used for winter grazing as will
hay. The seed rye costs high and should
be sown thick, say a bushel to the acre, or
even more on some land. I have never
sown rye as early as October Ist; it is
generally sown here about November Ist
1 would not trust rye in this climate to re
seed itself. Rescue grass and burr clov
er, both better grazing than rye, will do
this successfully, and they, too, are win
ter and early spring growing plants. I
do not think rye has ever been tested
alone as to its feedink capacity as a graz
ing plant, 1. as to how many cattie say
ten acres would carry. I have usually
sown about ten acres, and ten to twenty
cows have kept It eaten close to the
ground. To graze upon. I would sow not
less than one bushel per acre.'
I never like a plant, or an animal, for
that matter, unsuited to our climate. Rye
is a plant that takes a climate as cold as
Canada or northern Europe. There it
will bear heavy heads of grain, which it
never does in middle Georgia. I think
of all the grains, turf oats ths best for
winter grazing.
Beef cattie! Which are best? I doubt
if there » any appreciable difference be
tween the best real beef cattle. I mean
between Short Horns, which are also
called Durhams, Hereford* and Polled
Angus.
I have Short Horns. Some of my neigh
bors have Hereford*. If you buy a
registered bull he will cost from 360 to
SIOO, as a calf. Unregistered heifers, <l6
to <36 as calves in Tennessee. Unregis
tered bulls same price as heifer calves.
If a man is going to stay in the buslnsee,
he ought to have a registered butl, so
there will be no divided ancestry to breed
back to. There is a saying well known
among breeders “that like begets like, er
the likeness ot some ancestor."
I do not like the motto, for many peo
ple stop at the interpretation of the first
part, thinking IJJte will bsget like surely.
This is far from the truth in the aver
age when applied to calves of a bull of
mixed ancestry. The short time under
which our so-called pure bred cattle have
been modified by man has not yet fixed
the desirable characteristics of any of
the improved breeds. When a fine indi
vidual is bred and raised of mixed an
centry, his produce probably will breed
up to and no higher than a level of his
near ancestors. If the individual be
above that average, his produce will most
likely fall below it In desirable qualities.
The registration is a guaranty of breed
ing, and an undivided ancestry is what
the breeder should demand in a sire.
It you want to buy Short Horns, write
J. H. Pickrell, secretary American Short
Horn Breeders’ association, Springfield,
111., and ask for breeder' names nearest
to you.
Regarding fences. Do not use barbed
wire with valuable live stock. A live
stock breeder will have accidents and
losses in plenty without himself inviting
them by setting a death trap for horses,
and a teat and udder destruction trap
for cows. Wooven wire is used in Europe
largely and is satisfactory. The price in
America is so high one cannot afford
to buy it Therefore I use plain wire,
about the size of telegraph lines. I have
tried ribbon wire, two strands twisted to
gether of round wire, etc., etc., but plain
single strand galvanised wire is most
economical. I use not less than fouj*
strands, commencing twenty inches from
the ground, next strand thirty Inches,
nest thirty-six inches, next forty-four
inches from the ground. 1 find this di
vision most efficacious for all animals ex
cept sheep and goats.
I do not know how your county stands
as to cattle fever. If like mine, about
half infected with fever and half not in
fected. the risk is worse than if aU
fields and farms were full of fever ticks.
Fully Infected land would cause all home
raised animals to be immunee.
If I raise some calves on one of my
farms and change to another I am sure
to lose part of them with fever. Hence,
I practice giving in mild form the fever
to my imported Short Horns, also to all
home raised animals that have not been
exposed to tbe fever carrying ticks.
If you buy beef cattle you should have
them inoculated with fever germs before
next summer. The Missouri experiment
station can do this, and they have per
formed the operation for the benefit of
breeders. Likely if you write to them
they might put you in correspondence
with some Missouri breeders of whom
you could buy and have the station vet
erinary surgeon inoculate the cattle be
fore shipment.
I bqUeve I have covered aU the points
inquired about. If not clear to you write
again. I must omit answering positively
whether there will boa profit in the bus
iness, fqr I can not see into the future.
I feel confident that beef cattle must
rule high in price for sona/s years to come,
as the statistics show a shortage in this
country. Therefore tbe time is propitious
for starting to raise them. Changes in
farming should follow the old maxim of
“make haste slowly.” but let me add be
sure to make haste In the right direction.
In other words, raise the old paying crops
in the old way and slowly add on the new
ventures.
If this live stock venture be entered
into In this spirit, allowed to develop
along lines of least resistance, supported
and accompanied by the old system of
farming as practiced isl your neighbor
hood. I believe it will finally prove eco
nomically profitable.
B. W. HUNT.
Schmidt Treatment for Milk Fever.
A few weeks ago a man drove 8 miles
to tell me of his eow, and ask what to
do for her. She had recently dropped a
calf, was down unable to rise, and as the
man thought hopeless. As the cow was
an extraordinary dairy animal, and to
please his wife, be said he would get a
remedy from me. and save her if possible.
His description fitted my observation of
milk fever as it has appeared among the
beat dairy cows of my section.
I fitted the man out with 3 drachm pow
ders of iodide of potassium, and a glass
syringe, with a small point.
His instructions were to dissolve 3
drachms of potassium iodide in one quart
of boiled water, and Inject into the four
teats of the cow, at blood heat, 1-2 pint
into each teat, until he injected the whole
3 drihms of lodide of potassium dissolv
ed in the quart of water, through the ori
fices of the teats. To repeat the dose
within a few hours if the cow did not
respond. To gently rub the udder by
hand, really giving it what is now called
massage treatment. The syringe, or glass
dropper or whatever is used to inject the
fluid into tbe udder to be disinfected with
5 per cent carbolic acid, solution of cre
olin, or any other antiseptic preparation.
This cow had grown worse in the three
hours consumed in getting the medicine
and only because he had It convenient was
the iodide of potassium injected into a cow
aparentiv dying. She was then left, for
the night, with no thought of seeing her
ailve in the morning.
The next morning ahe was found at the
stable ready to eat with the rest of the
cows, apparently we~. At ths same time
she was sick a neighbor’s cow was sim
ilarly attacked, treated by the old way
and died.
Surely the loss from milk fever by dairy
men is nearly ended. AH thanks to Dr.
Schmidt of Denmark.
I also had the cow given 1 pound of Ep
som salts, which should always be kept
at hand on every dairy farm.
When a dairyman has a cow with an
enormous flow of milk, it is a wise course
to give just before as well as just after
parturition a dose of salts.
Then, when Parturient Apoplexy devel
opes, give the Schmidt treatment promptly
through the teats. Thus we gain from
Denmark a remedy not yet in the Vete
nary works, that appears to eliminate ths
loss every breeder of dairy stock has here
tofore suffered from milk fevar.
B. W. H.
four (hO <4E
QUARTS.. SO.IO
ASSORTMENT NO. 3.
One Onart A-year Rye Whiskey.
One Quart Jamaica Rum.
One Quart Rock and Rye.
, Upe Quart Prach and Haney
Guaranteed absolutely pure. Sent prensid
ft ptain ee*«. V. not thorongtuy satisfactory
your money win bt refunded. Address - i
MUITim HU COMMM, itlutl. Bl
When ordering specify Assortment No. 3.
. 1
A Ftr LUS
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L MILLET.
Th!« wsteh !« Huntins " Jeweler. _ (
case, ladle*’ stae; Httle 38WtffiaMtt M.
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The Journal,
Atlanta,Ga,
Rather Handy With »n Excuse.
* Punch.
Jealous Wife—My dear Fred, at yonr ag*
you ought really to be quite ashamed of
yourself! You are always running after all a
the pretty ladies! . 8
Fred (quick at a reparteel—My dear! My
dear! That ought to put you quite at your
ease. It only proves that they are always
trying to get away from ma
5
