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THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA., FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 1913.
AGRICULTURAL
FnnrATiOM
^ Education
SUCCESSFUL yAR.MlN<%-
J» ANWEW n c>0VL.E
Tftt* department will cheerfully endeavor io furnish any information.
Letters should be addressed to Dr. Andrew M. Soule, president State
Agricultural College. Athens. Ha.
APPLYING RAW GROUND LIME
ROCK.
J. B. T.. Dublin, Ga.. write's: 1 have
bought a car of raw ground lime. I have
some laud that has been bedded out for
cotton. Would It do to put the lime
in the drill? How long should lime remain
on the land before plowed under or would
it do as well to distribute through a grain
drill that would put the nine from lVj
to 2 inches in the ground?
Lime should be distributed uniformly
over the surface of the ground and not
plowed under or mixed with the soil
with any deeper working implement than
a harrow. We would prefer to broad
cast lime rather than to put it In with
a drill. Lime should not be mixed with
commercial fertilizer, but should be
scattered over the land at least two
weeks before fertilizer is applied. You
may distribute lime by means of a grain
drill if you desire to do so, though we
think you will probably find it better
to scatter it broadcast from the wagon.
We presume you refer to the pulverized
rock. If you have the caustic lime it
will be necessary to slake it before ap
plying it to the soil or else distribute
it in small piles and cover with earth
until it slakes and then scatter uni
formly over the ground. If one desires
to handle lime in large quantities, it
is better to purcase a lime distributor
or use a manure spreader with some
litter in the bottom.
* * *
PREPARING A GIVEN FORMULA.
J. W. P.. Cornelia, Ga., writes: I have
some muriate of potash and 16 per cent
acid and wont to make a 10-4 or 10-5. I
• have a 10-2-2 I want to raise to a 10-2-5,
and would lie to know how this can be
done.
. If you will mix together 1,250 pounds
of 16 per cent acid and 160 pounds of
50 per cent muriate of potash, you will
obtain 1,410 pounds. To this you would
have to add 590 pounds of rich earth to
bring the total weight up to 2,000
pounds. The mixture would then analyze
10-4. If you do not wish to add the
’earth you can divide the 1,410 pounds
by four, and you will then be adding
the equivalent of 500 pounds per acre
and avoid the labor and ’expense which
the additional bulk adds to the cost of
handling and distributing the fertilizer.
A 10-2-2 may be converted into a 10-2-5
by the addition of about 100 pounds of
muriate of potash to a ton of the formu
la. If you desire to use a 10-2-2 at
the rate of 500 pounds per acre add 25
pounds of muriate of potash to each 500
pounds as you distribute it in the soil.
A fertilizer analyzing approximately 10
per cent of phosphorus, 2 per cent of
nitrogen and 4 per cent of potash may
be prepared i by mixing together 1,140
pounds of id per cent acid phosphate,
700 pounds of cotton seed meal contain
ing not less than 6 per cent of nitrogen,
and 160 pounds of muriate of potash.
• * •
USING FORMAYDEHYDE AS A
DISINFECTANT.
M. J., Milledgeville, Ga., writes: Could
I substitute formaldehyde for formalin in
treating cotton seed? Will formaldehyde
correct smut in corn?
as you no doubt know, little knots form
on the roots of beans, in which live cer
tain bacteria, giving the plant the power
of assimilating atmospheric nitrogen. If
those nodules do not form, it is an indi
cation that your land is not properly In
oculated for growing beans, and the crop
will not thrive permanently, even though
you use very considerable amounts of
nitrogen. For this crop we would advise
the application of S to 9 per cent of acid
phosphate, 1 to 2 per cent of nitrogen
and about 5 to 6 per cent of potash. For
sweet potatoes we think you will find
about a 9-3-6 satisfactory. On very sandy
land we would use a 10-3.5-7. On the
beans we would use 400 to 500 pounds of
the formula mentioned, and for the
sweet potatoes 600 to 800 pounds. There
are a number of varieties of prolific
corn, and the difference in yield secured
will depend somewhat on the source of
the seed and on the fertility of the land
and the treatment given the crop. We
do not think there is a wide variation in
yield to be anticipated from the use of
several of the best known varieties. In
our experience here at the college,
Whatleys, Hastings, Marlboro, Cocke’s
and Batts have all given good results.
• * •
ALFALFA RAISING IN TURNER
COUNTY.
-T. S. B.. Ashbnrn, Ga., writes: I am
sending you a sample of alfalfa grown on
rod pebbly land in Turner county. It
was planted last October. Would like to
have your opinion of it.
When formalydehyde vapor is dis
solved in water it gives us what is
known as a 40 per cent solution which
is commercially known as formalin. This
is a strong .fungicide and disinfectant
8nd has been used very extensively for
treating seed potatoes, oats and wheat.
It has been suggested as having a value
for the treatment of cotton seed the
lint of which may contain the spores
which produce anthracnose. When the
seed is treated with formalin the mix
ture should be prepared in the follow
ing strength: Formalin one ounce, water
two gallons. Treating corn with forma
lin before planting is not likely to prove
effective -in controlling the smut, espe
cially if you attempt to grow the corn
on land where this disease has been
present before. The most effective meth-
*od of dealing with this trouble is to
cut out and burn all smut heads just
as soon as they appear, and this prac
tice followed up for several years will
help you to control this trouble more
effectively than any other method we
can suggest. It is true spraying corn
with Bordeaux mixture will help to con
trol smut, but as it js not advisable
to spray when the silks are in a re
ceptive stage this method is not alto
gether effective, and it is. costly and
troublesome as well. Burn all smutted
stalks and try some clean fresh seed and
see if you do not gain considerable re
lief from this trouble.
* * *
FEEDING THE BEAN CROP.
W. A. W., Roeville, Ga.* writes: I
would like to know the best zertllizer for
bunch and all kinds of beans, and also for
sweet potatoes? Is there a better or more
prolific corn than Hastings?
\ *
Beans do nqt require as much nitrogen
as some other crops, because they should
be able to gather a part of this element
from the air. Under normal conditions,
The sample of alfalfa sent in is very
fine indeed, and if you could succeed in
growing a large area similar to this and
maintain it in a prosperous condition for
a series of years, you have struck upon
an agricultural gold mine. We should
be pleased to hear from you later on and
learn how many cuttings of alfalfa you
make this summer, and whether the hot
weather in any way affects the stand.
As the season advances and crab grass
develops, you will find it important to
keep the alfalfa closely clipped, for crab
grass is one of its greatest enemies and
is more destructive to it than almost any
other one thing with which this .crop has
to contend where attempts are made to
gTow it in the southeastern states. No
doubt you have limed your land well.
If not, you should put on two tons of
fine ground raw rock per acre and work
it in with a harrow. Liberal fertilization
will also pay. The fertilizer and lime
should not be put on together. Top
dress with yard manure in the fall and
disk the alfalfa so as to split the
crowns, but not cut them off. The disk
should be set up perfectly straight, so
as to prevent any slicing or cutting mo
tion. We would not advise you to pas
ture the alfalfa the first season. Give
it a chance to thoroughly establish itself.
We hope you will have continued suc
cess in the production of this important
crop in your section of the state.
• • •
BUILDING UP A MOUNTAIN FARM.
E. J. N., Jackson, Tenn., writes: I have
a farm at Rabun Gap, Ga., that I am anx
ious to build up. I wish to use commer
cial fertilizer this spring and then sow a
cover crop this fall, turning same under.
Does the college analyze soils? My land
is low and well .drained, but lacks vege
table matter. WJjat grade of fertilizer
shall I use for corn ?
The land about which you inquire has
no doubt been badly handled and not
rotated so as to maintain the fertility
of the soil. On this account it is quite
likely that a good part of the available
plant food in the surface areas of soil
has been leached out and washed away.
The chances are you will find the use
of phosphoric acid on this land profit
able. Next nitrogen should be applied
and some potash. For corn on all save
the richest bottom lands we would think
about a 9-2-3 should be used in your
section of the state. From 500 to 600
pounds per acre will be a fair amount
of commercial plant food to use. When
land is in rather a rundown condition
part - of the fertilizer should be put
under the drill row and part used as a
side application. You can build this
land up rapidly by devoting it to cow
peas and such winter cover crops as
the hairy vetch and rye. Of course,
other crops can be grown but these are
well adapted to the locality about
which you inquire, and will give you a
large return in the way of green ma
terial to plow under. The two legumes
mentioned will also gather nitrogen
from the air which is a very important
consideration. The soils of Rabun
county respond readily to good treat
ment, and if you will build up the sup
ply of vegetable matter through crop
rotation and the turning under of
legumes, and then use lime to correct
acidity and put on a sufficient amount
of phosphorus and potash to meet any
deficiencies in these elements existing
in the soil, you can cultivate these lands
to advantage and raise large and prof
itable crops.
The college does not undertake to
make anaylses of soils for individuals
for obvious reasons. The law under
which we operate gives us authority
to make investigations of the typical
soli areas in various parts of the state.
This work is in progress and some very
interesting and valuable results are
being obtained. We hope that additional
funds will be made available for this
work so we may carry it forward on
a larger and more desirable scale in the
near future.
* * *
GROWING BERMUDA FO RHAY.
W. T. (}., Middleton. Ga., -vrltes: Please
advise me the best method of producing a
large crop of Bermuda hay on land which
1ms been used for the last eight years for
that purpose and has not been turned or
resown during that time. Also please tell
me the best treatment for oats planted in
late Aiigust and October.
Where an old Bermuda sod has been
allowed to stand for a number of years
it often becomes so dense that it does
not produce satisfactorily. The only
thing to do under the circumstances is
to break it up with two-horse plows.
This is quite a task, as you no doubt
know, if you have had any experience
along the line suggested. The land
should be broken immediately and then
thoroughly disked and sow 8 to 10
pounds of alsike clover scattered over
the surface of the ground. The alsike
should help to give body and quality to
the hay. We would suggest that you
lime the land at the rate of one ton
of pulverized limestone per acre. An
application of raw bone meal will also
prove helpful as most grass crops need
nitrogen and phosphorus. On rich bot
tom lands potash may not be so essen
tial, though we think you will find it
helpful to use 200 pounds of kainit per
acre. The fertilizer and the lime
should nott be put on at the same
time. There is nothing better to use
on oats at this season of the year than
nitrate of soda applied as a top dress
ing at the rate of 100 pounds per acre.
Put the nitrate on as soon as the weath
er settles and the oats commence the
vigorous growth which charactei izes
them in the early spring. Waiting to
put the nitrate on until late in the sea
son is not advisable as it will probably
produce growth at the expense of grain.
* * *
FERTILIZING WITH BLOOD AND
TANKAGE.
K. W. L., Felton, Ga., writes: I have
about 1,000 pounds of blood and tankage
that did not cost me anything, and would
like to know what to mix with it to make
a godo formula for coru and cotton, say
a 10-8-3. What Is tankage worth?
Jt is impossible to give an estimate
of the value of blood and tankage with
out knowing its composition since there
are few materials on the market Which
•vary so much in the amount of available
plant food they contain. For the same
reason it is very difficult to .suggest
what you should mix with 1,000 pounds
of blood and tankage to produce a 10—
3 3. High-grade blood contains 14 per
cent of nitrogen, but we have no idea
that the material you write about will
run over 8 to 10 per cent. The tank
age may contain anywhere from 8 to 12
per cent of phosphoric acid. At best any
advice we could offer you would only be
a guess without knowing the actual com
position of the materials in hand. With
1,000 pounds of blood and tanage, how
ever, we would be inclined to use 800
pounds of acid phosphate and 20 pounds
of muriate of potash. We think this
would make a very good formula. It is
certain that it would run 5 per cent in
potash and it should easily run 10 per
cent in phosphoric acid and 3 to 4 per
cent in nitrogen.
♦ * *
COTTON GROWING IN ALABAMA.
A. W. D., Tuscumbia, Ala., writes: What
kind of fertilizer should be used on land for
cotton where the soil has a considerable
cl ay foundation ?
Where the soil has a good clay foun
dation there is not likely to be much
loss of the fertilizer constituents
through leaching away in the drainage
waters. Clay subsoils are generally
quite tenacious and water moves through
them slowly, relatively speaking. You
do not describe the character of the sur
face soil, but it is more or less of a
clayey nature as well. If It is sandy,
use more phosphorus and potash than
has been suggested; if of a clay character
the formula set down should be found
very satisfactory. We think about an
8—3—3 for cotton will answer very
well. Use at least 500 pounds per acre.
The nitrogen should be largely derived
from organic sources, though sulphate
•of ammonia and nitrate of soda may
be used to some extent with adavntage.
We think you will find sulphate relative
ly cheaper than nitrate at the present
time, and of course cotton seed meal
makes an excellent base to use with acid
phosphate and muriate of potash. In ex
periments made it would appear that
muriate of potash Is just about as valu
able as kainit in correcting the tendency
to rust in cotton. If you have been
troubled with rusting increase the pot
ash to 5 per cent.
* * *
SILAGE AND COTTON MEAL FOR
BEEF CATTLE.
W. H. M., Savannah, Va., writes: I am
feeding some beef cattle this winter on
ensilage and cotton seed meal, but I do
not think they are doing as well as they
should. They average about 900 pounds
and I coraenced feeding tnem about De
cember 1st. I give them about- all the
silage they will eat up clean twice a
day and a double handful of cotton seed
meal. I also give them so,-- .-orn fodder
but they do not seem to care for it. Do
you think it would be wel to give them
some crashed corn and cob meal? I have
a mill and can grind it. They do not drink
much water. They are also quite crowded
In the barn.
BEN HILL COUNTY IS A GARDEN
SPOT OF GEORGIA, SAYS REPORT
INCREASE FERTILITY OF ! Aviator Dies When
LAND, GET RID OF CLODS Hydroplane Dives
Beneath - Blue Sea
Bureau of Soils of U. S. De
partment of Agriculture in
Co-operation With Georgia
Agricultural College, Makes
Survey of Soils
BY RALPH SMITH
WASHINGTON. D. C., April 15.—Ben
Hill county is a garden spot of Georgia,
according to a report recently made by
the bureau of soils of the United States
department of agriculture, as a.result of
a soil suvey made in co-operation with
the Georgia State College of Agriculture.
The survey was made for the purpose
of showing what crops the several
types of soils of the county are best
adapted to and how they should be
treated, in order that the maximum crop
yield per acre might be obtained.
The report is illustrated by a colored
map, showing the extent and location
cf the different types of soil, the location
cf towns, churches, schoolhouses, farms,
streams, public roads and railroads of
the county.
Ben Hill county is in the Third con
gressional district, which is represented
by Congressman Crisp. Copies of the
report may be obtained through Judge
Crisp. The survey was ordered some
time ago, before Georgia was redistricted.
The county was then represented by
Congressman Hughes, who now has the
Twelfth district. He was instrumental
in having the surve made.
The county contains 256 square miles,
or 163,840 acres.
THE PECAN INDUSTRY.
“While the principal crops are corn
and cotton, there is a tendency to break
away from the old practice of depending
entirely upon cotton, which is the
money crop,” states the report. “Sed
Island cotton could be successfully
grown on the better phase of the Tifton
sandy loam.
“Pecan growing is an industry which,
although not conducted on a large scale
as yet, is of sufficient prominence to de
serve special mention. At present there
are about 125 acres in pecans, of which
eighty-five acres are trees of bearing
age. The Tifton sandy loam is the soil
best adapted to pecans. All the groves
are usually set out forty feet apart and
the land planted to cotton until the trees
are five or six years old. By that time
the trees begin to draw heavily on the
moisture, and a grass crop is substi
tuted for cotton. The trees begin to bear
light crops at six or seven years, and at
ten years produce nuts in paying quanti
ties. The nuts readily command forty
cents a pound.”
There is a tendency to increase the
present large acreage of oats. Wheat
has been grown for home use but it is
not likely that this crop will ever be
come important in the area.
Rye is grown for winter pasture, fur
which it is very satisfactory. An in
creasing acreage of cowpeas is being
planted, the farmers apparently begin
ning to realize the value of this crop
in a definite rotation.
METHODS IMPROVING.
“Improvement in agricultural meth
ods are taking place gradually,” says
the report. “Modern farm implements
are being introduced and their use Is
spreading throughout the country. The
one-horse plow is still used to turn a
great part of the land .tjiqugh two-horse
plows are becoming more common ana
a few disc plows are seen. Disc har
rows are in Commos use and many disc
drills are also found.
Commercial fertilizers are used uni
versally for all crops, the general opin
ion being that it is impossible to grow
crops without them. About 50 per cent
of the farms in the county are oper
ated by the owners who frequently
have little help except their own fam
ily.
“A more diversified system of agri
culture,” asserted the report, “is grad
ually coming into use in the better
section of the county. More attention
should be paid to crop rotation and
particularly to the growing of hay and
feed cr,ops. If more of these crops
were grown and fed oh the farm a
greater supply of barnyard manure
would be available and the expenditure
for commercial fertilizer would be ma
terially reduced.”
The price of land varies widely in
the county from $7 an acre in the rough,
undesirable section to $60, $70 and even
$100 per acre near towns where the
land is improved.
SOME OF THE SOILS.
Some of the soils mapped during the
survey and their crop adaptations are:
The Tifton sandy loam is considered
the best soil in the county. It pro
duces good yields of cotton, corn, and
oats with less fertilizer tnan any other
type. It is capable of producing an
acreage yield of one bale of cotton per
acre with proper fertilization and cul
tivation although the average yield at
present is probably about two-thirds of
a b*»Jc per acre. Corn does well on
tfcif type, yielding from 50 to 60 bush
els per acre, and oats yielding as high
as 50 bushels per . acre.
The Norfolk sandy loam ranks next
to the Tifton sandy loam in produc
tiveness. Cotton does well and sweet
potatoes, peanuts, velvet beans, water
melons, and all crops that do not have
a strong rooting system give handsome
yields. Truck crops are also adapted
to this soil and the type should gen
erally be selected by anyone wishing
to engage in trucking.
The Norfolk loamy sand is consider
ed almost as good as the sandy loam.
It responds readily to good treatment
and under liberal applications of fer
tilizers good yields can . be secured.
With careful handling and incorporation
of organic matter in liberal quantities
by plowing green cover crops this type
could be made to produce good yields
of the staple crops and would be ex
cellent for early trucking purposes.
Surely those who plant seeds in clod
dy land do not know what they do. or
they fail to realize just what clods
mean to the growing plants.
In many cases the excuse is that the
clods cannot be prevented or pulver-
iized, or that the amount of work nec
essary to do so is too great; but we
think, as a rule, the true reason Is that
the farmer fails to appreciate the im
portance of a good seedbed, or to re
verse the statement, does not realize
the injury which the clods do to his
crops. As we have already pointed out,
on many occasions, the three means of
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• ••
■:pi-,
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You are not feeding enough cotton
seed, meal with your silage to secure
a satisfactory result in the way of fat
tening your beef cattle. A double hand
ful of meal per day would probably not
weigh over a pound to a pound and a
half. You should feed a 900-pound ani
mal four to five pounds of meal per day
if you desire to finish before turning on
grass. If it is your desire to cqrry
these cattle through the winter and fin
ish on grass do not feed over two or
three pounds of meal per day. It would
be better to start with a half pound
and increase the amount gradually every
two weeks until you are giving two or
three pounds. When fattening in the
stall with the idea of finishing in about
150 days, commence with two pounds
of meal and gradually increase up to
eight pounds. We think this is about
the limit which can be fed to beef cattle
of the weight suggested. We would
prefer to keep the maximum amount of
cotton seed meal to six pounds. A lit
tle corn and cob meal by weight about
a third or fourth of the ration will be
found helpful in the fattening process,
and since you are in position to crush
it at home you should add a little to the
daily ration. Naturally, cattle con
suming a succulent ration are not likely
to drink large quantities of water. A
little salt now and then, especially rock
salt, will be found very helpful in keep-
I ing the appetites on edge. As the feed-
* ing period progresses you will prob
ably find a little falling off in the con
sumption of silage. If you will take
the shredded corn stover and put it in a
rack in the yard where it will be pro
tected from the rain you will find they
will eat considerably quantities of it
during the day. Crowding cattle which
are to be fattened so as to keep them
agitated is very undesirable.
* * *
DESTROYING WARTS ON CATTLE.
B. T. C., Itockton, S. C.. writes: Please
give me a remedy for taking warts off
cows I have a nice heifer with her firsi
calf and one of her teats is a solid mass
of warts, and I notice small ones coining
on the other ones.
Warts are due to diseases of the skin
and are classed ordinarily as tumors.
They occur quite frequently in cattle.
is not clearly understood.
ally be destroyed by a solution of acetic
acid. It should be applied drop by drop
until the wart is saturated and soft.
The overuse of the acid is to be guard
ed against. Another way is to tie a
string around the wart and tighten It
from day to day. This will cause it to
slough off. Cutting off with a knife may
be resorted to but this is rather danger
ous and difficult and is best only done by
those who are expert in the treatment
of warts. Where warts are cut off it
is generally advisable to sear the part
so as to prevent an undue amount of
bleeding.
Delicious Saratoga Chips
made with
Cottolene
T, H, Kimbrough Writes a
Letter Protesting Against
Increased Requirements
BY T. H. KIMBROUGH.
I am neither a prophet or son of
prophet, and if any of my ancestry were
ever bit by Solomon’s pet dog, I have
failed to find any record of it in history.
Yet in more than a hundred letters in
the last few months I predicted, and
stressed the point in a speech at Ra
leigh, N. C., November 7, that if we
did not demand justice as regards the
“cotton tare” and assert our rights, that
other burdens would be imposed and
other expenses charged against the
American cotton bale. I was convinced
of this by the determined efforts of
cotton men in conventions held in April,
May and July, 1912. Not a single cot
ton producer was consulted, and while I
was warning our people W this work,
thousands of bales of our cotton (as I
have just learned) were being penalized
by ship lines, through the whole sea
son.
Some of these rules will result in the
improved condition of the American
bale, and is much needed, but it looks
like the producer who works thirteen
months every year to produce this cot
ton, should occasionally be represented
in some of these conventions. Also
there are numerous and heavy charges,
and on the increase, aggregating about
3 cents per pound between the farm
and foreign factory. Seems there
should be a limit somewhere.
The producer should know somewhat
of the situation, and what is expected
of him by the recently adopted rules.
If they are not satisfactory, he has the
right, if not the manhood, to say 90, re
membering there is but a short time in
which to prepare, that he may comply
with the demand, or enter his protest.
About twent? years since the demand
was made for a , sf^j^dard press box
28x54. and nearly every gin man and
manufacturer of cotton presses complied
with the demand and made the neces
sary changes. Under new rules adopt
ed by cotton men March 3 and 4, your
press box must be changed to 24x54
and after compression show a density
of 22 1-2 pounds per cubic foot, or
penalty of $1 per bale is to be paid
By these rules 500 pounds gross is
standard bale, and the inference is if
it weighs very much more or much less
another penalty is to be added. They de
many every bale to be wholly covered
and covering well secured at ends.
This has been the law all the while, yet
the exporter objects, and has been ad
ding a penalty if thoroughly covered.
Every bale must be legibly marked so
as to insure identification ar destina
tion. If a bale does not show a density
of 22 1-2 pounds per cubic foot, it shall
pay an extra freight of 50 cents, and
if bales are of larger measurement,
that can not be brought to this stand
ard density, it shall pay an extra freight
of $1 per bale, and on this bale the
(By Associated Press.)
NICE, France, April 17.—Louis Gau-
dart, a French aviator, was drowned
while flying in a hydroaeroplane here
this morning. Gaudart was skimming the
sea in his machine in front of the pig
eon shooting grounds, where a large
number of spectators were admiring his
evolutions.
Suddenly the hydroaeroplane lost is
equilibrium, the left wing cut the water.
, , , the apparatus tilted and plunged into
preventing clods are to fill the soil with 1 the depths . Gaudart’s body was not re
vegetable matter; plow or break it when 'j covered,
in proper condition ^.s to moisture; disk
and cross-disk the land before breaking,
if it is hard or inclined to break up in
clods, and if clods are formed then
harrow immediately after plowing when
the clods are easiest to pulverize. At
this time we wish to go a little more
fully into the effects which clods pro
duce, or the ways in which they injure
the prospects for a good crop.
First. All the plant foods in a clod
are of no value to the plant so long as
the clod remains a clod. In so far as
the growing crop is concerned a clod
might as well be a stone or a brick. If
one-fourth is in clods the fertility of
that soil is reduced just one-fourth as
regards the plant v foods it can furnish
to the crop. The fertility is reduced
in other ways, but we shall speak of
those later.’ The plant takes it food dis
solved in the soil-water, and since the
moisture in the soil cannot reach the
plant foods in the clod and the roots
of plants cannot enter the clod, all the
plant foods locked up in the clod are
lost to the plant.
Second, the presence of clods means
that there are numerous large spaces
between these clods. The air fills these
spaces and the soil moisture on the sur
faces of the clods is lost, the soil be
comes dry and the crops suffer for want
of water. The moinsture in a soil, that is
of use to plants, exists in a thin film
around the outside of each soil par
ticle. Not only is there more moisture
held in the soil when it is finely pulver
ized, because the smaller the soil par
ticles the larger the surfaces for hold
ing moisture, but also because the
smaller the soil particles the more soil
is touched by the soil water and the
more quickly and completely are the
plant foods dissqlved for the use of the
crops.
If we consider the clods are frequent
ly many times one inch in diameter and
that in a fine silt or clay soil the grains
may be much less than one one-thou
sandth of an inch, we can obtain some
idea of the differences in the extent of
the surfaces exposed to water in a clod
dy and a well pulverized soil.
Third, clods offer other obstacles than
the fact that the small delicate roots
and root hairs through which the plants
take up their food and moisture, can
not penetrate them. The larger the
clods, the larger the open spaces be
tween them, and the small rots cannot
cross these open spaces. Their difficul
ties in obtaining sufficient food and
moisture is thus increased and the yields
decreased. Naturally, these difficul
ties caused by the presence of clods
are most felt when the plants are
young. Every seed, corn grain for in
stance, contains a tiny plant and a
store of food to give this embryo plant
a start. If heat and moisture are sup
plied it will start to grow. There is
food enough in the seed or grain to
start the plant along to where it can
obtain its food for further growth from
the soil. But these young roots are
few and small and unless conditions
are favorable for them in finding food
and moisture in the soil, the plant suf
fers.
In cloddy land the soil does not set
tle around the seeds and consequently
th e moisture necessary to start the
growth of the tiny plant within them
is lacking and they fail to “come up.”
if they do happen to fall into a small
amount of fine soil, they “come up,”
but the clods and opfen spaces between
them so cut off th e supply of available,
moisture and so limit the field where
they can find food that slow growth
and ■* decreased yield result.
These clods offer still other obstacles
to good crops. Next to the cultiva
tion which is given the soil before the
c op is planted and before it comes up,
that given soon after it comes up, or
while it is small or young, is most
useful am. lost economically given.
For instance, there is no implement that
will give as econom cal cultivation, or
quite so good, to the yo..ng corn and
cotton plants as the smoothing harrow
judiciously used;, but if the land is
cloddy, little good will be done at this
time with the harrow, if actual harm is
not sometimes done. It is much harder
to kill the small young grass or weeds
-vhi h may spring up in cloddy soil than
to accomplish this with a smoothing
harrow on a well pulverized soil.
It is simply shocking, the condition
: 1 which much of our corn'and cotton
land is planted. It costs more to pul
verize the soil finely before planting
than to allow the clods to be dissolved
by the rains; but it pays because it
saves labor and cost of cultivation and
. cases the yield.
c0W 07l£s ~&crWi
ctAcmuxLir
GJC UirmJL—
Without Lessons or Knowledge of Muslo
Any One Can Play the Piano or
Organ In One Hour.
Saratoga Chips made with
Cottolene are never greasy,
as are those made with lard.
The reason for this is that
Cottolene heats to about 100
degrees higher than either
butter or lard, without burn
ing, quickly forming a crisp
coating which excludes the
fat. Your chips, therefore,
are crisp, dry and appetizing.
Cottolene costs about the
price of lard, and will go one-
third farther
than either
butter or lard.
Cottolene is never
sold in bulk — al
ways in air-tight
tin pails, which pro
tect it from dirt,
dust and odors. It
is always uniform
and dependable.
THE N. K. FAIRBANK COMPANY
Wonderful New System that Even & Child Can Use*
GUARANTEED
MIXED ^
PAINT Mi
I. GALLON
WE PAY THE FREIGHT
EJ
Direct from the Manufacturer r
A Wonderful Paint Offer
If any of your buildings need painting,
write at once for our free paint sample offer.
We sell the best ready mixed paint jn the
world at lowest prices ever heard of—Oof a
gallon for the best Barn Paint, $1.15 a g»l^ n
for the finest House Paint in quantities. We
pay the freight charges.
Guaranteed For Ten Yeare
Wo furnish full directions how to do aiy
and just now we arc making a surprisingly lil
offer. Write at once and get this great paint <
free shade samples, strong testimonials and valu
able paint information. Just say “Send me your
latest paint offer.” ^ddress
.CROSBY-FRANK Sc CO., 550 PraritSt., Chk^. Ill
Rider Agents Wanted
in each town to ride and exhibit sample INI
bicycle. Write for special offer.
Finest Guaranteed it Ifl 4g% €9/
1913 Models #
iwith Coaster Brakes* Puncture Proof tires.
1911 A 191*Models C7 #o
all of best makes . .9 • L -..T* *7
tOO Second-Hand Whmola
All m»k«»and modal., *9CO
ffrea^FACTORY CLEARING SALE
wo Shin on Approval uHthont a
to
; # coaster brake rear wheels, lamps, sun
dries. parts and repairs for all makes of bicycles
_ at half usual prices. DO NOT BUY until you gel
our catalogues and offer. Write now. „ _
MEAD CYCLE CO. Dept, d-180, CHICAGO
penalty to be assessed as soon as possi
ble after leaving the gin. The unsuit
able and insufficient covering is de
nounced in strong terms, claiming a loss
in this of $50,000,000 per annum. No
bill of lading will be issued after July,
1913, without fully describing the actu
al condition of the bale as received by
the ocean carrier. As follows;'
1. Thoroughly covered or not. 2. Cov
ering insufficient to retain marks. 3.
More or less wet. 4. More or less stain
ed. 5. More or less soiled, a clean
B. of L. will be hard to get. Bales to be
well marked with good ink that will not
fade or wash out, but can be read
without a doubt. Marks to be put
between the bands so that no part will
be covered, etc.
These are a few of the rules adopted
at New Orleans, March 3 and 4 by
exchanges. Cotton merchants, compress
associations, exporters, gin men, rail
road and ocean carriers, but not a pro
ducer was consulted.
Now we want to know how a bale of
cotton is to be thoroughly covered with
42 or 44-inch bagging when we are
allowed to use only six yards. One rule
compels producer to use enough bagging
w r hen compressed to wholly cover the
cotton. The marine laws of the United
States require the same, but the ex
porter will not allow you to do it, but
on the other hand, he actually charges
against your cotton, 6 per cent (30
pounds) tare, but will allow you to put
on only 4 per cent (20 pounds). Looks
like a dilemma through a conspiracy.
How can the requirements as to mark
ing be complied with on the ordinary
jute bagging, fish net variety, some of
it ragged and rotten, a 200-pound boy
can jump through or is cut to pieces
with sample holes? Is it right for me
to pay a penalty of $1 per bale when
in some instances the fault is at com
press? Or is my cotton to be penalized
because of careless rough handling, or
exposure after leaving my hands? Some
of these rules are all right, others un
just, conflicting and arbitrary.
There should be a reformation. The
producer should have his cotton in
good shape; much of it is a dirgrace. j
He should use a wider, better covering |
well secured with strong twine at ends, 1
and his cotton well protected. This cov-1
ering should be smooth, closely woven j
and strong, that a few stitches would j
close sample holes and be well marked, j
It should be of sufficient weight, width •
and quantity to well protect every par- .
tide of cotton and with the ties ap-1
proximate the tare charged, whether it,
be 6 per cent or 4 per cent.
If the arbitrary tare of 6 per cent can
be adjusted a closely-woven covering, 52 j
inches wide, weighing 1 1-4 or 1 1-2
pounds per yard, will furnish good pro
tection; meet any reasonable demand of
trade; will obviate the necessity of j
heavy patching and if tariff duty is re- j
moved, will not be expensive and will f
also reduce freight and insurance.
If it’s to our interest to change the
press-box, have the bales to approximate,
<e _, . , # v . u * j 500 pounds gross, discarding heavier
He - y L OU co^n0a7. ! nI°”>” M “* ^ «>*>«■. ™ * covering that can he le*-
She—“I couldn’t; I learned to play in one horn ibly marked, reduce insurance and Forced rtecl. Patented. Low priced. Sells to auto
by tho wonderful ‘Easy Method Music !* r ' freight rates, better protect our cotton owners, farmers, mechanics In the shops and the home.
Impossible, you say? Let us prove it at in transit, remove prejudice and satisfy £ofli£. Tra%c“*samp!?£^wkS-s. ^rltTSon^e!
our expense. We will to play t he trade, we should cheerfully comply. THOMAS TOOL CO.,£3££W«z* St Davtoa Ohio
^t P u^ y °oVe r a K n a ^ Wmn0taSk0ne . At same time ftRht aU ^uatitles, I '"*^*?*£
A musical genius from Chicago has whether they be unjust penalties, arbi-
| invented a wonderful system whereby any-'1 trary tare or other unreasonable de-
| one can learn to play the Piano or Organ ma nds, calculated to absorb the profits,
j in one hour. With this new method you , cause a deficit
1 don’t have to know one note from another, i cr ® ate a 1 j )SS or caus ® a
yet in an hour of practice you can' be T° produce enough cotton to clothe
playing the popular music with all the i thte people, it requires hard labor, con-
fingers of both hands and playing it well, stant toil, a great deal of sweat and
The invention is so simple that even a more patience, and he who produces,
child can now master music without costly i 1 and
instruction. Anyone can have this new is entitled to some consideration and
method on a free trial merely by asking, fair dealings.
Simplyjwrite saying, “Send me the Easy j n conclusion, the convention that
I will lend you a VICTOR
Talking Machine rDiTlT
orVICTROLA I IILL
mm for x trial in your own home. You need not send me
lone cent. I will send you a genuine Victor or VictroU
| ( a ny one you may choose from my complete Free cata*
I lo?); if after trial you decide to keep it, 1 will sell it tayqu
I on terms of n*y easy payment plan, and for not one cent
I more than you would pay for a cash purchase. If you de-
cide that you don’t want It j uat notify me and
send it back at my expense. The risk la all
i mine. I trust you. Write to-dpy for my
I proposition. PETER GOODWIN. Prw..
I Goodwin Mercantile Co.,
899 rentary Bid*. *19 St. looU, Wo.
n FS5H SElNESi^NETSi
Wade to special order at
25 PER CENT DISCOUNT
All Kinds
ofFUhlngTtckle
Write f*r
r Prices 4 Catalai
Just think of it—a Minnow Seine 4 ft. deep, rigged
complete with sinkers and floats, Vs in. voren
mesh, sent by paroel post at these prices.
4 ft. long 38c 6 ft.long.......55©
3 ft. long 73c 10 ft. long 86o
Send Post office Money Order.
BOUKNE & BOXD, a Msrket Street, Loaisvllto, Ky.
AGENTS $24 A WEEK
R. M. Kino Mad. *45 In 0 Days
Waited
Form Music Method as announced in
; i.e Atlanta Journal.
,m££ TBEAJL
The complete system together with 100
pieces of music will then be sent to you
Free, alL charges prepaid and absolutely
not ono cent to pay. You keep it seven
days to thoroughly prove it is all that is
claimed for it, then if you are satisfied
send us $1.50 and ono dollar a month until
$6.50 in ali is paid. If you are not delighted
with it, send it back in seven days and
you will have risked nothing and will be
under no obligations to us.
Be sure to state number of white keys on
your piano or organ, also post office and ex
press office. Address Easy Method Music
Company, 314 Clarksou Bldg., Chicago, 111.
adopted these rules on March 3 and 4
are providing a strong delegation to
shape national legislation, to secure a
standard and reform bale for our cotton
that will satisfy their associations.
Now, what will the producer do? Has
he any rights and nerve to assert them?
Will he allow other associations to rep
resent his interests or will be claim the
privilege?
The producer must decide and act, or
respectfully accept the consequences. Is
not this question of sufficient impor
tance, involving millions of dollars, to
call for action of governors, commission
ers and the farmers?
Farmer or Farmer!* I
wilh rig in every County to intro- «Soiy|
duce «nd sell Family and Veten-
nary Remedies, Extracts and Spices. Fine pay.
One man made $90 one week. Wa mean bun*
r-eaa and want a man in your County. Write us.
3hores-MneI!erCo.,Df pt. 86. Cedar Rapids,Im
Fish Bite
Like Hungry Wolves. Fill your Nets
Traps or Trot Lines if you bait with
>1 AGIO-FISH-LURK.
Best hair, ever used for attracting
lv all kinds of fish. Write for price
list to-day and get a box to help
introduce it. Agents wanted.
Jw F. GREGORY,
Dept. 8, St. JLoula, Mo.