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THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA., TUESDAY, APRIL 29, 1912
Agriojlti/rai
"LUEducation
SuccslssfUl Farming \
SSE # .&ND&EW F[. &0VLE
%
■*£s
This department will cheerfully endeavor to jurnisn any information.
Letters should be addressed to Dr. Andrew M. Soule, president Stats
Agricultural Colleac, Athens, Oa.
BREAK THE CRUST, IF YOU
WANT GOOD CROPS!
T HE readiness with which land crusts
accounts for one of the greatest
difficulties met with in securing a
1 uniform stand of any crop which may be
planted. Unless a satisfactory stand is
obtained the yield will be materially re
duced. ' For instance, presuming that
4,000 stalks of corn are grown on an acre
of land and there are enough "skips” to
reduce the number to 3,000, it is easy to
see that with an eight ounce ear produc
ed on each stalk, the yield of corn has
been cut down by at least nine bushels
per acre. Did you ever go out in the
corn or cotton field and count the num
ber of “skips” and figure out the per
centage of loss from a failure to secure
a perfect stand? If ,you have not done
so, take the first opportunity to verify
for yourself the conservative nature of
the estimate made with reference fo one
of the great sources of loss on the av
erage farm. It is true that the seed may
be to blame for the poor stand obtained.
Naturally, .every farmer should test his
seed with great care and if'its standard
of germination is low he should either
discard it altogether or seed in a man
ner sufficiently liberal to insure a per
fect stand. In spite of his'best endeav
ors, however, i*he stand may be greatly
reduced through no fault of the seed.
The less vegetable matter there Ts in
the soil, the more quickly it tends to
crust and form a hard surface which is
practically impervious to the rising
stems of young plants." While the plant
will do its best to break through the
crust, an examination will often show
that the stem has been turned over and
has run along under the surface of it in
an attempt to break through. An inspec
tion of either a corn or cotton field will
often show the crust thrown up and
broken at . various places because of the
massing together of the young plants
through unusually thick planting. You
may count on the crop doing its part,
but unaided it can not overcome the
tough crust which naturally form, es
pecially on clay lands after a heavy
rain followed by a hot sun and a drying
wind. Sonic have suggested that thick
planting should be followed with an idea
of overcoming this difficulty. This is
not only -wasteful of seed, but puts the
farmer to the expense of thinning his
crop with hand labor, and moreover, it
is ineffective in many instances as a lit
tle observation will soon demonstrate.
What should be done, therefore, to
overcome this great menace to the se
curing of a perfect stand and the har
vesting of a maximum crop? The crust
must be broken, and this must be done
just as soon as the ground is Sufficiently
dry to admit of stirring after every rain.
No matter how frequently these rains
occur, the farmer can well afford , to
keep the crust broken, for the fact that
it prevents t*he proper germination. Of his
Sec-d is only one of the evil influences it
.exerts pn hie land and consequently
upon crop yield. For the purpose of
breaking the crust there is nothing bet-
cheaper than batter
Better than lard
Coltolene is better than butter
ot lard for frying because it can
be heated about 100 degrees
higher without burning or smok
ing. This extreme heat instantly
cooks the outer surface, and
forms a crust which prevents the
absorption of fat.
Fry fish with Coltolene and it
will never be greasy, but crisp
and appetizing enough to make
your mouth water.
Cottoleue is more economical
than lard; costs no more, and
goes one-third farther than either
butter or lard. You are not
practicing econ-
• omy if you are
not using Cot-
folene in your
kitchen.
Gotioiene is never
sold in bulk—al
ways in air - tight
tin. pails, which pro
tect it from dirt,
dust and odors. It
is always uniform
and dependable.
THE N. K. FAIRBANK COMPANY
ter than one of tllfc heavier types of
wheeled weeders. Of course, any imple
ment may be used which will do the
work effectively. Many of those on the
market and some which farmers manu
facture at homg and attempt to use are
often ineffective because they are too
light, and unless the work is don© thor
oughly well, little is accomplished and
much time and effort wasted. A smooth
ing harrow may be used to advantage.on
many farms, especially on large seeded
crops like corn and cotton. In that
event the teeth should be set back at an
angle 6 fabout 45 degrees. As a matter
of fact the harrow or the weeder pro
vides the farmer with the cheapest and
most satisfactory implements for culti
vating both corn and cotton during the
early stages of its growth. If cotton is
planted on ridges the harrow' can not be
used to anything like as good advantage
as the weeder, and a w’heeled weeder ad
justed to different elevations is particu
larly valuable for use on cotton for ob
vious reasons.
Getting the crop out of the ground is
the big proposition, and when this is
done and a uniform stand secured, the
farmer should then turn his effort to
the making of the crop. The crust
which forms.on the soil after every rain
hinders the growth of any crop, and it
does much more serious damage than
we are inclined to believe. Naturally it
forms a series of open pores on the
surface of the ground. Any one who
has compacted a little area of soil has
noticed how quickly it becomes moist.
This shows that the water in the soil
is constantly moving towards the sur
face, drawn by the action of the sun’s
rays} and assisted, no doubt, by the
puipping up of moisturqr from below
through the functional activity of the
roots of growing crops. If this mois
ture is lost into the air, the crop re
ceives no benefit therefrom, but is de
prived of the soil salts from which it
derives its food. Therefore, the mois
ture which falls as rain must be stored
as completely in the soil as possible and
held there for the use of crops. Just
as long as crusts are allowed to form on
the land, water is dissipated into the
air and no doubt some of the nitrogen
is volatilized* in this way which would
otherwise* be assimilated by the plant
and help to keep it in a vigorous grow
ing condition throughout the season.
The crust must therefore be kept broken
at all times and as late into the grow
ing season as practicable. Every farm
er who follows this method will add
materially to the yield of his crop and
will stimulate its growth by reason of
keeping the water in the soil and aid
in bringing into solution the plant food
contained therein that it may be the
more readily assimilated by the crop.
To stop cultivation early in the season
is suicidal in nin£ cases out of ten. It
is seldom that the corn or cotton makes
too vigorous a growth, and even if it
d#es it must have an abundance of mois
ture and food in order to mature the
crop. Cotton sheds very frequently be
cause so many bolls have set on that
the plant cannot feed them properly,
and certainly it cannot feed them if the
land is allowed to 'trust and the mois
ture which should go to help sustain
and nourish the plant is allowed to es
cape directly into the air. The corn is
making as heavy a draft on the food
elements of Cue soil probably when it
is silking and tasseling than at any
other period of its growth. Therefore,
the moisture should be saved through
the breaking of the crust. When this
is done a dust mulch is formed. This
acts just like a stopper in a bottle.
The moisture rises up against it and
is held very near to the surface of the
soil, where the feeding roots of the
plant can quickly utilize it. It makes
no difference whether the land be clay
or sand, the dust mulch should be main
tained uniformly throughout the grow
ing season. It is money in the farmer’s
pocket to do it. Millions of dollars may
i be added to the crop values of Georgia
' this year by keeping the crust broken
I and preserving a uniform dust mulch.
* a *
SPRAYING PEACH AND APPLE
TREES.
C. J. i\, Rail Ground, Ua., writes: I
linve four hundred apple trees and the same
number of peach trees which I want to.
! spray. I want to know what kind of chemi-
I cals and the quantities to get, and how to
| prepare them and when to use them for the
i various diseases to which these trees are
subject.
application. For San .Tose scale and
lice spray the same as above. The
apple should be sprayed for the bitter
rot with the self-boiled sulphur or Bor
deaux mixture. This should be applied
before the buds open and frequently
thereafter until the fruit is ripe. For
rust spray with Bordeaux mixture and
spray just before the blossoms open,
as the petals fall and two weeks later.
For tile brown rot of peach spray with
the self-boiled lime sulphur mixture.
If. should be applied three weeks after
the calyxes fall and three weeks later.
Arsenate of lead may be added to com
bat the curculio.
Kerosene emulsion is prepared as
follows: Heat one gallon of water and
shave a pound and a half of hard soap
into it. Dissolve the soap well and
peur a quart of kerosene oil into the
mixture and churn about half an hour.
This should be diluted before using to
about a 7 per cent solution by adding
12 1-2 gallons of water.
Arsenate of lead is prepared by dis-
■ solving two pounds of this material
j in a small amount of water, and then
adding enough water to bring the
i quantity up to fifty gallons.
The self-boiled lime sulphur spray
| is made by taking 24 pounds of sul
phur and adding sufficient water to
make a. paste. Dilute the paste to
about five gallons and pour the whole
21 pounds of unslaked lime and permit
the mixture to boil. The barrel should
be covered wtih an old sack while the
boiling process is in progress. When
the mixture is well tinged a yellowish
red color which will occur in ten to
fifteen minutes, dilute to 150 gallons
and strain.
Bordeaux mixture is made by dis
solving three pounds of copper sul
phate in water. Slake six pounds of
lime by adding water slowly. Pour the
sulphate into a barrel containing thirty
gallons of water. Add the milk of lime
slowly with sufficient water to make
fifty gallons.
Materials for making these sprays
may be obtained from any large drug
store. You will probably want suffi
cient quantity to pay you to buy
them at wholesale.
* * *
STARTING ALFALFA ON GRAY
LAND.
G. S. P.. l.awrencevtile. (la., writes:
I have a three-acre patch of rich gray
soil I want to get started in alfalfa. It
has been in Bermuda for several years, but
I have gotten the most of it out. Will
the Bermuda interfere with the starting of
the alfalfa? Would it be wise to sow
alfalfa at this season or wait until fall?
Is stable manure a good fertilizer for this
crop ? *
GOOD MONEY IN TRUCK
FARMING FOR MARKET
HOW ROCK PHOSPHATE
WAS MADE AVAILABLE
Sow the Bermuda sod about which
you inquire down to cowpeas or velvet
beans just as soon as practicable. Turn
these under early in September. Then
apply at least’' two tons of the finely
pulverized lime rock per acre. Top. dress
the soil liberally with a good coating
*of well rotted yard manure; ten to fif
teen tons per acre will not be too much
to uscN Work the manure into the soil
well with a disk harrow by cross disk
ing. The manure may be put on shortly
after the lime is applied. Allow at
least two weeks to elapse between the
application of the lime and the seeding
of the alfalfa. When you seed the al
falfa apply a formula containing 10 per
cent of phosphorus, 3 per cent of nitro
gen and 6 per cent of potash. Use it
at the rate of 1,000 pounds per ^cre.
Broadcast it over the soil and mix well
with the surface of the ground. Sow
twenty pounds of recleaned alfalfa seed
without a cover crop. Bermuda grass
will crowd alfalfa out. One of the
worst enemies of alfalfa is crab grass.’
You should make an effort, therefore, to
thoroughly free your land of this pest
before sowing the alfalfa. The use
of the lime is supposed to help check
the development of the crab grass.
* * *
PLANTING PEANUTS IN AN
ORCHARD.
J. T\ M., Macon, Ga., writes: I intend
to plant imported large Spanish peanuts
among my pecan, peach and plum trees.
Will land plaster he a substitute for lime?
I want to use 200 to MOO pounds per acre,
and as I do not need a carload it seems
difficult to secure. Will it be necessary to
inoculate the soil for peanuts?
mrnma
Fish Bite
Like Hungry Wolves. Fill vour Nets
Traps or Trot Lines if you bait with
MAGIC-FISH-LURE.
Best bait ever used for attraeting
K all kinds of fish. Write for price
k list to-day and get a box to help
*, introduce it. Agents wanted.
J. F. GREGORY,
Dept. 2, St. Louis, Mo.
The apple should be sprayed for
aphides or lice when the insects are
discovered. Use kerosene emulsion.
For the codling moth use arsenate of
lead and spray when the petals fall
and again seven weeks later. If badly
infested with San Jose sjeale use the
concentrated or boiled lime sulphur. It
should be applied once in November and
once in February. Never spray with
this mixture while the trees are in
leaf.
Peach trees should be sprayed for
the plum cuyculio with arsenate of lead
tilize- luring the process of planting.
We think you will find it desirable to
use under peanuts about a 0-1-5. The
minimum application should be 500 to
600 pounds per acre. Two or three hun?
dred pounds of lime will not be of much
benefit in our judgment, and we do not
think that sulphate of lime will be sat
isfactory to use pn peanuts. Where only
a sfnall amount of lime is needed and
you cannot afford to buy in carload
lots, you can probably buy at retail of.
some dealer situated in your city or
you could use builders’ lime, and al
though it will cost you considerably
more than the crushed rock, we are in-
just as the calyxes or shucks are shed
ding and again about three weeks later.
Arsenate of lead may be added to Bor
deaux mixture for. the second and third
TOP DRESS and SIDE DRESS
Your Cotton, Corn and Staple Crops With
NITRATE OF SODA
THE QUICKLY AVAILABLE AMMONIATE
Exceedingly rainy weather has delayed the
planting of Cotton. The delay can be
overcome, and the crop insured by using
NITRATE OF SODA
Obtain from your dealer, or from our nearest office
TITRATE AGENCIES COMPANY
Cftizens Bank Bldg.
Norfolk, Va.*
Savannah Bank Bldg.
Savannah, G a.
Gravier St.
New Orleans, La.
102 Pearl St.
New York
Excellent locations for starting mixed
farming and engaging in hog raising
may be found in any part of the state
of Georgia. Where one gets very close
to town the prie%. of land will likely
be unusually high, but at a reasonable
distance from town, small areas of land
can be leased, bought or rented at a fair
figure. The rent per acre will vary any
where from $3 to $5 depending on the
location. In some instances you may
have to pay a higher price for an ex
ceptionally desirable area of land. The
size of the farm will depend altogeth
er on the nature of the business you
propose to undertake. Forty acres of
good land will keep one man and two
mules extremely busy. A good sized
farm will be 160 acres. On this you
would employ two or three men and
In planting peanuts in your fruit and
nut plantations, you should lay off the
ground so as not to bring the rows too
close to the trees. Then wo would ad
vise you to scatter broadcast 1,000
pounds of lime per acre. This should
bq put on ten days before you use
any fertilizer. Prepare the ground and
plant the peanuts and apply the fer-
clined to think^ you can get it cheaper
in the long run than to try and buy
several tons of the pulverized rock and
have it shipped. We do not think you
will find it necessary to inoculate the
soil for peanuts. At least it has not
been so in our experience and we do not
think commercial growers find it nec
essary in the great majority of cases.
If you deem it advisable to inoculate,
you can secure an artificial culture
through any seed house in your city
with full directions how to use.
* * *
TREATMENT OF A COLD.
J. M. D., Wellington, Ala., writes: I
have a young mule just shipped from Ten
nessee that will not oat his food. I give
him corn on the ear and oars; also corn
and cob crushed; also fodder and peavine
\ hay. Any Information you ealn give me
will be appreciated.
The chances are that your mule
which you have recently secured from
Tennessee is suffering from what is
known as shipping fever unless he has
become infected with diseased germs in
transit. Mules shipped long distances
become very tired and much depressed
by reason of the excitement to which
they are subjected. There is a tend
ency to produce constipation and some
times the secretion of urine is not
properly maintained. We would sug
gest that you give a moderate purga
tive. using either oil or Epsom salts.
If the kidneys move freely no other
treatment is needed; if not, th£ use of a
tablespoonful of saltpetre twice daily
to stimulate the kidneys will be found
helpful and would tend to remove any
dropsical-like swellings which may have
appeared. Wes would cut out the corn
and oats and give the mule green feed
in moderate quantities and use bran
mashes for several days. We believe
he will shortly regain his equilibrum
under this treatment. Tf not, a tonic
Condition powder should be used for a
few days. After the animal becomes
acclimated you may return to the ration
you are now feeding.
* * *
WANTS TO INVEST IN GEORGIA
LAND.
II. M. C., New York, writes: I am con
sidering buying or renting a farm in tlie
Millth jud starting mixed farming and bog
raising. What section would you recom
mend for such a project? How large a
farm would be necessary to make it a pay
ing proposition? About what rent would be
asked for such a place, also the approximate
• price per acre? Are fertilizers necessary to
good crops? What are the best paving
crops to raise on a small scale? Does hog
cholera prevail in Georgia? Is there a good
market lor hogs?
There is a great deal of difference
between truck farming as a side line
and truck farming as a general crop.
Thus the farmer who grows a few va
rieties of garden crops along with his
general crops is not in the least de
pendent on the truck crops.
In growing a few garden crops for
the market, we recommend the follow
ing: sweet potates, water melons, musk
melons, snap beans, and onions. While
there are various other vegetables which
are equally as good for market, but not
equal in yield. Every man should de
termine which crops sell the best In
hfs section and whether the soil is suit
able for them.
The sweet potato crop for early mar
ket is one of the crops that will pay
well. In order to have early' potatoes
it is necessary to protect the plants
during their earlier stages. This can
be done by covering the bed with moat
any kind of straw. In case the plants
fall to do well it will pay to buy slips
for the first setting. The sweet potato
is one of the plants which the average
farmer makes a mistake in cultivating
by making the hills too high, and pro
duce long, crooked potatoes for the mar
ket, where short, large potatoes are de
sired. To grow potatoes suitable for
market, the ground should 'not be
plowed too deep, or ridged. In the fur
rows for making lists, scatter about 325
pounds per acre of good fertilizer Ma
nures that contain a high per cent, of
nitrogen should not be used as it tends
to make a rank growth of top.
There are many varieties, but the
best for home market are the Norton
yam and Jewell yam.
Time for digging begins when the
potatoes are the size of a teacup. Care
must be taken not to injure the plant
in digging- and it will produce another
crop. It is quite ea&y to get 40 cents
per peck for them during August and
September.
The watermelon crop is important lor
the following reasons: Large yields are
obtained with comparatively small
amount of cultivation, and can usually
be used to advantage on the farm for
feeding purposes if there is no demand
for them on the market.
For early melons sandy soil is best,
but low land is good for the late crop.
Old land which has been laying out
for several years is especially favor
able for melons.
After the ground is checked off and
the holes dug two or three shovels full
of well rotted manure and a hand full
of fertilizer should be mixed thoroughly
with the soil.
Watermelons should be cultivated fre
quently before the vines run too much.
It is not best to move the vines in order
to cultivate close to the plant.
Muskpielons are cultivated very much
like watermelons, and the same meth
ods will also apply to them. They al
ways find ready market.
Snap beans grown early or late will
usually be in demand. They are easily
grown at small cost and occupy the
ground but a short while. Beans
should not be fertilized very heavy, as
they are inclined to “burn.” Stable
manure or high grade fertilizer will
answer well for the needs of the bean.
If the seasons are favorable so as
to get a good crop in late fall a ready
market will be found at splendid
prices.
Onions are protable for markekt, be
cause they keep well and can be mar
keted all times of the year. Then, too,
another advantage, like the sweet pota
toes, onions can be grown year after
year on the same ground if it is well
fertilized each year. A sandy loam is
best for onions. There are two kinds
of onions, fall and spring varieties.
The fall variety should be planted in
October. The rows should be elevated
slig4itly above the surface of the
ground. This is protection against
heavy rains. Keep the ground clean
till Winter sets in and cultivation
should begin in February. This crop
will be ready for' market in March.
The cultivation for the fall crop will
apply to the spring crop. This crop
should be marketed in fall and winter.
Marketing truck crops is one of the
most important parts of the work. The
farmer could not hope to prot in truck
ing if his produce is not of such qual
ity to demand a good price.
Where the farmer is so located that
he can carry his vegetables to market
every morning he should gather all the
vegetables and pack them ready for
piarket the evening before. Start out
early in the morning so as to sell out
while the vegetables are fresh. They
will sell much better than in the mid
dle of the day when they have dried
out.
As to the customers, never allow
them to pick over the produce. They
not only pick out the be#t. but dam
age the rest by moving. They often
will try to get you to cut prices by-
saying they can buy cheaper some
where else. Never waste time with
such people.
In order to keep good customers don’t
disappoint them by failing to deliver
what they want oh time. This will
soon spoil a good trade.—Home and
Farmstead.
HARVESTER TRUST PROBE
MOVES TO SIOUX CITY
KANSAS CITY, April 26.—The tak
ing uf testimony at Kansas City in
the government* anti-trust proceedings
against >the International Harvester
company, was concluded today. Robert
S. Taylor, special examiner for the
government, government attorneys and
attorneys representing the International
company will go to Sioux Falls, S. D.
to take evidence of implement dealers
in that territory regarding competition
in the selling of agricultural imple
ments. At the conclusion of hearings
here, C. C. Donnellan, general agent
for the International Harvester com
pany at Topeka, testified that in the
five years he has been associated with
the International company he has never
spoken to an implement agent about
the handling of International goods to i
the exclusion of those manufactured j
by any other company. He declared. ;
however, that he knew a clause cov- j
©ring this point was contained at one j
time in contracts which agents had j
signed for him.
(By Cyril G. Hopkins, University of Illi
nois.)
Widespread publication has been given
during recent months to certain results
of experiments (conducted by the Rhode
Island experiment station), which tend
to discourage the use by- farmers of fine
ground raw rock phosphate. This mate
rial is a natural fertilizer in w-hich the
element phosphorus can be purchased
for about one-tenth of its cost in the
more common and more highly manufac
tured so-called “complete” fertilizers.
All of the long-continued field experi
ments agree in showing that raw phos
phate is by far the most profitable and,
economical form of phosphorus to use
in rational systems of general farming;
but they also show that the most satis
factory- results are secured when condi
tions are provided under which the
phasphorus is made available; and the
best condition under which to use the
raw phosphate is to apply it in intimate
connection with decaying organic ma
nures, such as farm manure, clover, or
other green manures.
The experiments referred to consisted
in mixing raw phosphate with fresh
cow dung and . allowing the mixture to
stand in closed bottles or loosely covered
pans in a dark cellar for about nine
months. At the end of this time it was
found that the availability of the phos
phorus was not markedly- greater than
when first mixed with the dung, and this
fact has been spread abroad by- fertil
izer interests in a way- to discredit the
use of raw phosphate, whereas the ac
tual culture experiments conducted with
these materials showed that the raw
phosphate increased by 30 per cent the
effect of the “pan” dung as compared
with the increase in yields when dung
alone was used. The “bottle” dung gave
poorer results than that which had been
exposed to the action of air in the pans,
but in both cases the average results
show distinctly increased yields due to
the raw phosphate.
The fact is that the early fermenta
tion of manures is alkaline in reaction,
while during the later stages of decom
position acidity develops, and it is the
acidity which aids in the solution of
raw phosphate; but under the conditions
no acidity had developed at the end of
the nine months.
More extensive investigations by the
Wisconsin experiment station support
the results of other investigators in
showing an appreciable decrease in the
solubility of phosphorus during the ear
ly stages of fermentation, both of ma
nure alone and of manure and phos
phate mixtures, not only with raw phos
phate, but also with acid phosphate, ow
ing to temporary use of phosphorus as
food for bacteria; also show that the de
crease reaches a minimum, after which
iriforease in solubility occurs, although
the maximum in them that “so far as
pot experiments indicate conditions in
field practice, the final results from mix
ing rock phosphate with fermenting ma
nure appear to be advantageous.”
Rut for the most positive and con
clusive information, we must turn to
those valuable field experiments of the
Ohio experiment station, conducted by
Director Charles E. Thorne during the
past sixteen years. As an average of
all crops harvetesd the yields have been
practically the same whether the phos
phorus was applied in raw phosphate or
in acid phosphate costing twice as
much money, although supplying only
half as much phosphorus.
A recent Ohio bulletin (No. 246), by
Ames and Gaither, reports that the
plowed soil of an acre of 2,000,000
pounds weight contains as an average
6 pounds of available phosphorus (solu
ble in weak nitric acid) where the land
has been unfertilized, 5.8 pounds where
“complete” fertilizers have been used,
8.9 pounds where manure alone has
been applied, 11.7 pounds where manure
and acid phosphate have been added, and
HABERSHAM COUNTY
WILL BE SURVEYED
Physical Surveys of Soils Are
Made in Nine
Counties
(Special Dispatch to The Journal.)
ATHENS, Ga., April 26.—It has been
determined that Habersham county will
T j the next county to be subjected to
a soil survey by the Georgia State Col
lege of Agriculture in co-operation with
tl-e bureau of soils of the United States
department of agriculture. This will
be the first soil survey in the famous
apple growing territory, and it is be
lieved that it will have important bear
ing upon the possibilities of apple cul
ture on soils of that section.
Physical surveys have been made of
Ben Hill, Troupe, Chattooga. Dough
erty, Jones and Stewart counties, while
the work of surveying Miller, Jeff Da
vis and Talbot is nearing completion.
A chemical analysis has been made
of Ben Hill and a similar work has
been about completed for Dough' - i-ty.
This is being done at the college of
agriculture. A bulletin o*. the survey
of Ben Hill county prepared by \V- A.
Worsham, professor of agricultural
chemistry of the college of agicrulture,
is now on the press to be issued in a
few days.
MANILA ALARMED OVER
RETURN OF THE PLAGUE
WASHINGTON, April 26.—Alarmed
at the reappearance of the bubonic
plague in Manila, five victims of the
scourge having died in that city this
year, the Manila board of health has
employed fifty additional rat catchers
to rid the city of disease-spreading ro
dents, according to reports received to
day by the United States public health
service.
“It is of interest to observe,” says
the public health service report, “that
the increase in the rat infection corre
sponds to the increase of the number
of plague cases in such typical plague
centers as Hong Kong, for instance.”
Several plague infected rats were
found in Manila, most of them in store
houses, containing wines packed in
straw imported from Japan, mostly
from Osaka. In this especial Japanese
city, the report declares, the plague is
more or less constantly present.
Reports from the service surgeons in
Hawaii and Porto Rico announce that
of all rats and mongoes captured and
examined, not one was found to be
bearing the infection.
ATHENS VETERANS HEAR
ADDRESS BY EVANS
ATHENS, Ga., April 26.—Memorial
day is being properly observed here
today, the orator being Lawton B.
Evans, of Augusta.
The parade will be the largest in
years. In addition to organizations and
the cadets of the university, there will
be some seventy Boy Scouts in the line
of march.
36.1 pounds where the fine-ground raw
rock phosphate has been applied in con
nection with manure.
The data from the analysis of the
soils after many years of farming un
der these different systems strongly
support a suggestion “that nitrogen
must limit the crop yields” in these ex
periments, and that the plots receiving
the raw phosphate (and containing more
phosphorus, now in available form)
would probably outyield the plots re
ceiving acid phosphate, “if more clover
were plowed under or if more manure
were returned so as to remove the ni
trogen limit.”
)
140 COUNTIES HAVE
BOYS’ CORN CLUBSl
Have
Twenty-eight'- Counties
Girls' Clubs Or
ganized
(Special Dispatch to The Journal.)
ATHENS, Ga. April 25.—Practicallyl
complete returns of the enrollment ofl
Boys’ Corn clubs and ^Girls’ clubs, re-|
ceived at the Georgia State College ofl
Agriculture, reveal that practicallyl
10,000 boys are enlisted and 2,500 girls.I
As many as 140 counties have corn I
organizations and 28 have Girls’"clubs. I
Larger enrollments could have beenl
obtained in both had the College thel
men and the meails to have seized thel
opportunities. For instance, in thel
Girls' club work, 15 counties had placedl
requests for the services of Miss Mary I
Creswell, the organizer, that had to bel
refused because of her inability to reachl
them.
Prof. Phil Campbell states that spe
cial stress has been placed on organ-1
izing corn clubs in new territory and ini
sifting the membership to those boys I
who gave promise of carryirig the work|
through the season.
The banner county in corn club en-|
rollment is Carroll, which has 312 boys. I
The leading county for the girls’ er,-|
rcllment is Bibb, with 159 membership. [
Reports indicate that the boys and|
girls have been able to prepare 'theirl
plats and plant under favorable condi-1
tions.
Shot From Monitor
Tallahassee Almost
Struck Congressmen!
(By Associated Press.)
WASHINGTON, April 26.-—Official re-|
ports of the near accident to a party ofl
congressmen on the government yachtl
Dolphin, while watching target practice!
of the Monitor Tallahassee in the Po-[
tomac were called for today by the navyl
department. Pending their receipt of-|
ficials were inclined to minimize thel
clanger to the congressional party.l
Those who were on the Dolphin declared!
today, however, that the Tallahassee's!
shell passed closely enough to the yachtl
to break some of the windows when it|
exploded.
EVIDENCE IS'BEGUN
IN COTTON MILL CASE|
(By Associated Press.)
TAMPA, Fla., April 26.—Taking ofl
Evidence was begun here before United!
States Commissioner Stephen Rogers ini
the case of the government against tfcel
Dwight Manufacturing company, which|
operates several largo cotton mills in|
Alabama.
A. Pachynakis, a Greek, is alleged to I
have been employed by tnis concern to I
import Greek laborers, including women!
and children, to come to this country!
and work in cotton mills in competition!
with American laborers. Peter Perrinisl
testified that he and twelve others were!
induced to corhe to this country by mis-1
representation of labor agents acting for[
the manufacturing company.
NEBRASKA HAS RATIFIED
SEVENTENTH AMENDMENT!
WASHINGTON. April 26.—Nebraska
today notified the state department of
its ratification of the seventeenth
amendment to the constitution, provid
ing for th edirect election of senators./!
Only South Dakota remains to be re-1
corded before the proclamation can be l
issued officially announcing the new I
amendment as effective. j
FERTILIZER FACTS No. 5
The Value of Fertilizing Growing Crops
from four to six mules. Diversified ag
riculture might be pursued successfully
and sufficient grain and other feed rais
ed to maintain a small dairy herd anti
provide grazing for a good bunch of
hogs. A small area could be devoted
to cotton as a money crop. The price
of land in this state varies anywhere
from $25 to $100 per acre. You can
buy mucly land below $25 but some of
it is not so desirable as it )s unim
proved. Fertilizers are, as a rule, nec
essary on Georgia soils as they are not
well balanced naturally with the essen
tial elements of plant food, but by prac
ticing a rotation of crops and maintain
ing live stock the soils can be built
up rapidly. There are excellent .mar
kets for truck crops in all the larger
towns and cities of Georgia and prices
are good. All sorts of truck and farm
crops can be raised to good advantage.
Hog cholera prevails in this state, but
the farmer may protect himself against
its ravages through the use of serum
which is manufactured by the college j
and distributed at cost. One will have
no trouble in selling all the hogs pro
duced in the vicinity of any town and
city at»good prices.
You don’t furnish your stock at one time with food
enough to supply them two months or more. Why,
then, should you follow such a plan when feeding
your crops? Fertilizer is simply plant food and should
be given to your cotton or corn In such amounts and
at such times as their needs require.
In order to obtain the best crop results, this plant
food must not only be furnished at the time of plant
ing to germinate the seed and cause a healthy, hardy
stand, but must be fed to it afterwards, as the grow
ing plant makes its demand for more and more as th»
plant begins to fruit.
SECOND APPLICATION.
In July, on an average, the blossoming begins, and
from July on until the crop is made the plant is busy
at its great work, and it is then in need of all the
help It can get—the best of cultivation and the best
of plant food3, and both in abundance. After about
the first of July the plant not only makes its great
est growth, but must support its squares, bolls, seed
and lint, as well as branches and leaves, and while it
is doing this the plant must have at its command an
additional supply of ripened plant food.
GREATEST DEMAND FOR FOOD.
Between the time the fertilizer was put into the
ground and the time the plant makes its greatest de
mand for food, heavy and continuous rains, such as
have been prevalent to date, dissolve and carry away
a great portion of the soluble plant food. Especially
is this true with respect to the nitrogen—the most
expensive and most vital part of the fertilizer—the
lack of which is shown when the leaves turn yellow,
growth ceases and the squares fall off. These things
point out clearly the fact that the food supply is near
exhaustion and that nature is wisely putting aside
part of her burden in order that all of it may not
be lost.
DOUBLE THE YIELD.
From two to six squares fall off of each cotton
stalk to every mature boll made. Just think what it
would mean to reduce the number that fall off by half
by furnishing additional plant’food when needed, to
hold them on, through the means of a second appli
cation. The reward to the cotton grower will be an
abundant yield ancf a great profit, and would leave
the soil in better condition for the crop which is to
follow cotton.
Water carries plant food to the growing crop. In
the case of corn growing, when all of the fertilizer
is put into the ground, at one time, is another case of
the maximum supply of plant food with the minimum
use for it. The corn stalks grow tall and large, and
by the time the ears begin to develop the fertilizer
has been leached away and there is not remaining
sufficient plant food to give the ears of corn that de
velopment so necessary for a fruitful crop.
CORN NEEDS FERTILIZER.
It has been proven that corn needs not alone, water
soluble ammoniates, such as sulphate of ammonia or
nitrate of soda as a second application, in order to
secure the best results, but is also in need of phos
phoric acid and potash in order to round out a bumper
harvest.
Experience and experiments have proven that one
must not wait too long for the second application and
third application, but the best results are obtained by
applying the second application three or four weeks
before the tassel appears, and the third application
when the tassel prepares to grow out of the top
leaf.
Modern machinery, which combines cultivator and
distributor, has minimized the expense of the second
application until it adds little to any beyond the cost
of the fertilizer to the production of the crop.
TWENTY DOLLARS PER ACRE MORE.
In a recent article Mr. J. S. Fowler, of Anderson,
S. C., narrated his experience in the growing of the
cotton crop with and without the second application
and this article was illustrated with photographs.
He kept an exact expense account with reference
to the two crops, both of which were planted with
the same seed, at the 3ame time, cultivated in the
same way, and it was shown that, with the additional
expense of $5.00 per acre for the second application
of commercial fertilizer, the net profit per acre on
the part so cultivated was $20.00 above that acreage
in which all of the fertilizer was applied at the time
of planting.
Experiment farms and demonstration plots have
proven the advantage, profit and progress of sec
ond application and even third application. Don’t
follow the beaten path, but make a step forward this
season by the use of the second application, and re
member this talk when you harvest your Increased
yield in the fall.
Write for Bulletin, sent free.
SOIL IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE
Southern Fertilizer Association, Atlanta, Ga.