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THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA., FRIDAY, MAY 2, 1913.
ACRIO/LTI/RAI
EDUCATION
=*►* Successful Farming
s«its’JJ ^NDPEW^. 50ULE-1^
This department will cheerfully endeaeoi to jurmsh any intermotion.
Letters should be addressed to Dr. Andrew it. Soule, president Stats
Agricultural College. Athens. Oa. <
CROPS FOR THE SILO
A grreat variety of crops may be grown
for silage, but experience indicates that
only a few will be found of primary im
portance for this purpose. Attempts to
Use the cereals and legumes in the silo
have not been altogether satisfactory.
These crops contain a large amount of
water and must be fairly well ripened
in order to keep in the silo to the best
advantage. Observation and experience
in feeding different classes of stock
indicate, however, that a small amount
of dry feed is desirable, and it is mani
festly easier to cure any of the cereals
or legumes in the form of hay than
such rank growing crops as corn and
sorghum. ' Since some dry feed is de
sirable, it is better to use those.crops
for hay making which can be" most eas
ily cured and stored. It has been pret
ty well demonstrated now that an at
tempt to combine a legurrife with corn
and sorghum for silage is not the best
practice for such a small proportionate
development of the legumes will take
place where the corn and sorghum are
planted thick enough to insure a good
yield as to exert no appreciable effect
on the value of the silage. It is better,
therefore, to grow the legumes on sep
arate areas, curing them as hay, and
feeding them in such quantities as the
conditions warrant.
Twenty years’ experience in the mak
ing and handling of silage justifies the
contusion that the two most desirable
crops to be used for this purpose are
corn and sorghum. In some sections
sorghum may not thrive to the best ad
vantage and in that event corn alone
may be used. Wherever a combination
crop can be grown it is desirable to use
the same. Large yields of silage will
only be obtained on good rich soils. If
the land is not naturally' well supplied
with the essential elements of fertility,
then appications of yard manure and
commercial fertilizers will be advisable.
Of course, on a well-ordered farm where
a rotation, is practiced, green crops may
be made to supply part of the vegetable
matter and nitrogen needed. Naturally,
nitrogen becomes a most essential ele
ment in the production of a silage crop
for the reason that the rapid and vigor
ous gTowth of leaf and stem is essen
tial for heavy yields. Atmospheric
nitrogen should therefore be used as
largely as possible, unless the farmer
is so situated that he can keep up the
humus content of his soil through ap
plications of yard manure. The yard
manure should be broadcasted on the
land and worked well into the surface.
Some prefer to plQw the manure under,
and there is no objection to this prac
tice, provided • the land is rolled and
compacted after breaking.
In sections where the winters are
mild, it is best to break the land in
the fall and seed to a cover crop such as
crimson clover, hairy vetch, or some
of the winter growing cereals. When
the growth• reaches a height of about
six inches in the spring, the crop should
be turned under. Phosphorus should be
applied to the land either in the form
of the crushed rock or as acid phos
phate. Where the crushed rock is used
at least 1,000 pounds per acre should
be applied, and only on those soils
where an abundance of vegetable mat
ter is available can good results be ex
pected from the use of “floats.” On
thqse soils where vegetable matter is
lacking acid phosphate will give the
best results. From 300 to 400 pounds
should be used per acre along with 50
to 100 pounds of muriate of potash. If
the nitrogen supply of the soil is low
and the crop does not make a vigorous
start, some organic nitrogen should be
used, enough to amount to say about
3 per cest of the mixture applied. In
some instances, top dressing with nit
rate of soda or other quickly, available
carrier of nitrogen will be advisable,
but for silage .crops some other method
of supplying nitrogen should be fol
lowed by the farmer.
As soon as the soil becomes warm
enough in the spring to insure rapid
germination sorghum should be planted
in four and a half foot furrows, depend
ing on the natural fertility of the soil.
A two-horse corn planter should be used
for this purpose with the plates so ad
justed that it will seed from one to two
pecks of sorghum per acre. The seed
should be drilled in relatively thick.
Every two rows should be left un-
C&eaper than butter
Better than lard
Cottolene i& better than butter
or lard for frying because it can
be heated about 100 degrees
higher without burning or smok
ing. This extreme heat instantly
cooks the outer surface, and
forms a crust which prevents the
absorption of fat
Fry fish with Cottolene and it
will never be greasy, but crisp
and appetizing enough to make
your mouth water.
Cottolene is more economical
than lard; costs no more, and
goes one-third farther than either
butter or lard. You are not
practicing econ
omy if you are
not using Cot
tolene in your
kitchen.
Oottoleee is.never
sold in bulk—al
ways in air-tight
tin pails, which pro
tect it from dirt,
dust and odors. It
is always uniform
and dependable.
THE N. K. FAIRBANK COMPANY
Sd Fish Bite
Like Hungry Wolves. Fill y<?ur Net*
Traps or Trdt Lines if you bait with
M AG1C-FISH-LIRE.
e Best bait ever used for attracting
all kinds of fish. Write for price
% list to-day and get a box to help
% introduce it. Agents wanted.
_ J. F, GREGORY,
Dept, 2, St. Louis, Mo,
planted. The reason for this is due to
the fact tnat the corn will mature in
a shorter period than the sorghum. It
takes varieties of corn well adapted
for silage about 120 days ordinarily
to ripen sufficiently for cutting. Sor
ghum, on the other hand, will, take from
150 to 180 days, depending a good deal
on seasonal conditions.
Some may* suppose that the crop can
not be well mixed in the gilo where two
rows are planted alternately’ as indi
cated. As a. matter of fact, if the corn
and sorghum are out with a binder as
will no doubt be the practice on most
farms w’here silage is made, it is an
easy matter to load two rows of corn
and two rows of sorghum on the low-
bed wagons used for hauling silage to
the cutting box, a complete admixture
of the two crops as they are run into
the silo will thus be obtained. Other
methods of planting may be pursued,
but we have found this the most satis
factory and can commend it to farm
ers and dairymen generally who desire
to secure* the largest amount of suc
culent food for winter use at a mini
mum of cost.
The advantages of the combination
crop are as follows: Sorghum is not
affected by drought as readily as corn:
While its growth may be stunted, as
soon as rains occur it will start off
again. Corn, on the other hand, may
be injured by a dry' spell at the time of
silking and tasseling, and not only fire
up but fail to make much grain. It
may become so dry that if put in the
silo by itself it will fire-fang. In order
to keep it many farmers have at
tempted to run water into the silo. If
one knew just how much water to use
this practice might answer fairly well,
but the difficulties of the situation are
so obvious -and the results of this
method so unsatisfactory that it is bet
ter to depend on a crop such as sor
ghum to supply the deficiency' in mois-
ture, and at the same time aid in pro
ducing a more wholesome silage than
’will be obtained through the use of
corn alone. Sorghum is naturally re
tentive of its juices, and on this ac
count objection has been raised to its
use for silage, some claiming that it
sours very' easily. Those who have ex
perienced this “difficulty have attempted
to use it in too green a condition. Sor
ghum should not be cut for silage un
til the seed heads are practically ma
ture. This crop will outyield corn in
our experience and when combined
with it helps to make a more palatable
and better-keeping silage than when
either crop is used alone. Its drought-
resisting qualities and bulky nature
make it very desirable for. use in the
silo. Its palatability and saccharine
content are also important factors in
adding a desirable flavor and aroma to
the silage. Experience has shown that
this combination of corn and sorghum
may be utilized as a substitute for
grass during the. winter season to the
very best advantage, and we respect
fully suggest that those who expect to
grow silage this year give attention
to the use of this combination crop.
It will take a little experience to learn
just how to handle it to the best ad
vantage, but after it has been tried out,
it will unquestionably be found the
most desirable method of providing an
abundance of succulent food to use at
any season of the y'ear when the pas
tures need supplementing.
■ * #
USING COVER CROPS IN COTTON.
A. V. J., Forsyth, Ga.. writes: What do
you consider the best thing to sow in cot
ton at the last cultivation Ito serve as a
winter cover crop? Wo need something
that will lie dormant until cool nights set
in and that will grow through the winter.
I can think of nothing better than oats,
as these will not sprout before last in Aug
ust and will make considerable growth by
February, when they may lie plowed un
der. It is quite impracticable in my opin
ion to depend on sowing anything in cot
ton after picking begins.
ing soda “dissolved in warm water given
as a drench is excellent.
The statement in your letter does not
make it clear to us what you have In
mind, but we judge that you have 1,000
pounds of a material containing 11 per
cent of available phosphoric acid and 5
per cent of potash, and that you desire
tc mix this with 1,000 pounds of cotton
seed meal containing 0.18 per cent of
nitrogen and presumably 2.5 per cent
of phosphoric acid and 2 per cent of
potash. If our surmise be correct, the
2,000-pound mixture would contain ap
proximately 3 per cent of nitrogen, 6.7
per cent of phosphoric acid and 3.5 per
cent of potash. We would-think this
formula rather low in phosphoric acid
and potash for corn and cotton on sandy
land.
* * ’ *
REMOVING WARTS ON HORSES.
Jj D. F., Hartsville, Ala., wrfctcs: I
have n goo*l horse ten years old that is
afflicted with warts. They form under
the skin and grow to the size of an egg
and then burst the skin and make a bleed
ing wart. If the skin is split they will
jump out like a marble, but adhere to
the skin. The horse Is In good condition
otherwise. Please tell me what to do to
remove them.
Warts are supposed to be due to a
morbid overgrowth of the superficial
layers of the skin. They may occur in
any part of the body, but as a rule de
velop about the lips, eye, cheeks, ears
or on the belly. Small ones may be
clipped off with scissors and the raw
surface cauterized with blue stone. .-If
large, they may be sliced off with a
sharp knife. If they have a narrow
neck they may be twisted off and then
cauterized. When of a vascular nature
they should be strangled by means of
a wax thread or cord tied around the
necK. This should be tightened from
day to day. Very broad fiat warts can
be treated by burning down beneath the
surface of the skin with a soldering
iron -at red heat. Any subsequent
growth may be held in check by means
of blue stone. ^ We can not offer other
sections than those mentioned, and
think you can use some of them to
advantage in treating your horse.
* * *
STARTING SWEET POTATOES FROM
VINE CUTTINGS.
II. H. A., Carrollton, Ga., writes: I
would like to know how I cuu plant cut
tings or runners from sweet potato vines
so they will take root and live. Will they
make as many potatoes as if slips are set
out? How can I construct a cheap hot
house large enough to bed 50 or 00 bushels
of potatoes? What do you think of an 8-,
3-10 formula for potatoes?
Several things .may be sown in cot
ton at the last cultivation. Some of
the vetches will do fairly well for plant
ing at this season of the year, especially
the Oregon vetch. There is one objec
tion to it,- however, in that it is not
hardy and is liable to be killed out by
severe freezes in the late fall and early
winter. Rye may be planted as well as
oats. Either one of these crops will
prove fairly satisfactory. Crimson clover
in a moist season will sometimes make
a stand and it is an excellent cover
crop to use. We have not had great
success, however, in sowing any of these
crops in the early summer, and our
recommendation would be to plant them
later in the fall. We sow oats in our
cotjon land every year, putting from
two to three rows between the cotton
raws, depending* on the distance apart
of planting. We put our oats in in the
open furrow and fertilize them with
about 300 pounds of an 8-2-3. We have
raised a splendid crop of oats on the
cotton land every year. We have found
no difficulty in seeding the oats at the
proper time. * We put them in with a
single stalk drill and plant just after
picking the cotton for the third time.
The cotton is often picked a fourth time,
but if all the loose cotton is picked out
before the oat seeding is undertaken,
it will not be knocked out and lost as
some sem to fear. So far as the ques-
tion of getting a cover crop in cotton
land is concerned we feel that this mat
ter has been met successfully by our
practice and that other farmers can fol
low our plan with satisfactory results.
* * *
SPASMODIC COLIC AND ITS TREAT
MENT.
J. 1>\ J., Huntley, N. €.. writes: 1 would
like to know wliat is the best treatment
for a horse with spasmodic colic. Would
also like lo know what 1.000 pounds of
11.5 per cent bone potash and 1.000 pounds
of cotton seel meal 7.5 per cent ammonia
will analyze. Will this be a good fer
tilizer for corn and cotton on sandy land?
Colic is generally due to some ( form of
indigestion. Spasmodic or cramp colic
is a violent and painful contraction of
the muscular coating of the bowels. It
I is brought on often by some indigesti-
| ble food or from drinking large quanti
ties of cold water wlieji the horse is
tired as after a long drive. Exposure
to cold is also a common cause and
lack of exercise and sudden changes in
diet may also cause it. The horse should
be gotten in a comfortable position as
soon as possible where he can roll with
out injury. Give an enema of six to eight
quarts of rather warm water containing
a half teacupful of glycerine. Admin
ister the enema slowly and then give
one ounce of laudanum and a half ounce*
of spirits of camphor in a half pint of
warm water. Jamaica ginger in two
ounce doses dissolved in a half pint of
water is very good for this trouble. An
other remedy is sweet spirits of nitre
in one-ounce doses. Blankets rung out
cf hot water and applied to the belly
will generally give relief. Medicine for
this trouble should be diluted with hot
water and given as a drench. Where
laudanum is used, do not repeat the dose
too frequently. A tablespoonful of baK-
Vine cuttings may be used for the
propagation of sweet potatoes. Theso
are generally set out rather late in the
season. As a rule, they should be
about 18 inches long and should be sunk
into the ground to a desirable depth
through the use of a lath sharpened
slightly «at one end. Since the slips
can be had ‘earlier in the season and in
sufficient number to meet the needs of
most planters, preference is generally
given to their use and we think with
obvious reasons.
A bed for the propagation of potato
slips can be made in one of several
ways. Probably the manure bed is the
most satisfactory and economical ar
rangement you can use. This may be
made of any convenient size according
to the number of potatoes to be bedded
out. It should be in a fairly warm,
sheltered spot, and so situated that sur
face water can be readily drained from
it. The soil should be excavated to a
deapth of 8 or 10 inches, and after this
is done about six inches of well rotted
stable manure should be plabed in the
bottom. This should be compacted and
then a layer of soil scattered over the
surface of the manure to a depth of two
or three inches. The bed should be
allowed to stand for several days. Then
lay the potatoes on the surface of the
soil and cover to a depth otf two inches.
The top of the bed may be protected
through the use of pine leaves or a
cloth or glass sash. It is important,
however, to see that the covering is
removed sufficiently to prevent the slips
from becoming too tender. The bed
should also be kept moist at all times.
The formula you have suggested will
be found a satisfactory one to use un
der sweet potatoes on most lands at all
suitable for their cultivation. We think
probably that 8 per cent of potash
would be sufficient.
* * *
MANAGEMENT OF RUSTED OATS.
J. G. P., Tlfton, Ga., writes: I have
fifteen acres in oats. On the first four
that were planted the seed were smaller
and brighter than the rpst, and they are
badly rusted, while the baJauce of the
field has no ru6t. Would you let the
rusted oats stand and cut with the others
or turn them under and plant the land
to corn or cotton? Is the rust injurious
to stock if fed in green state or after
they ripen.
It would seem that you secured two
varieties of oat seed and that one was
much more resistant to rust than the
other. The writer has seen a number of
fields throughout Georgia this year
which led him to believe that farmers
were sold something other than the
Texas rust proof seed last fall. Pos
sibly some of them even secured seed
which was brought in from the north
and certainly they planted seed of some
varieties which were not nearly so re
sistant to this trouble as the Texas
Rust Proof and the Appier. This is
unfortunate and is causing considerable
loss and annoyance to farmers who
planted oats last fall and had every
prospect until recently of having a fine
crop. It should be a lesson to them,
however, to select their seed with extra
care and skill from home-grown crops
which have withstood this trouble, rath
er than to purchase seed oats which is
now so commonly practiced by farm
ers'of the state. Unless your oats are
very badly diseased, we would suggest
that you let them stand and mature.
Contrary to the common belief the rust
is not carried over in the seed from
year to year. Of course, you under
stand, that when rust attacks the oat
crop it generally causes a lot of the
seed to be shriveled and shrunken and
this kind of seed should not be used for
planting. Straw from an oat crop af
fected with rust may be fed to live stock
with safety insofar as our observation
and experience goes. Of course, when
it is badly rusted it is almpst rotten,
as you * no doubt know, and probably
contains only a small amount of nutri-
ment owing to the fact that the leaves
have been practically killed by the rust
fungus, and therefore, have not assim
ilated as much in the way of nutritive
elements as they would do under nor
mal conditions. In harvesting badly
rusted crops there is some annoyance
on account of the spores flying through
the air in such large numbers creating
a dust rather irritating to the nostrils
but there is no poisonous effect to live
stock or men from the spores, and one
need not hesitate harvesting and thresh
ing and feeding a crop on this account.
If you are pushed for feed and you are
satisfied that the oat crop still has a
chance of making a fair yield, a point
which we think you can readily deter
mine from an examination of its present
condition, we would be disposed to let
it stand and plant the land later on to
peas.
* * *
SUGGESTED TREATMENT OF SKIN
DISEASE.
S. T. W., Dallas. Ga., writes: I huvo
a cow that has a skin disease. It started
on her udder about three months nco and
is now all over her body. She rubs ker-
self against trees, and her milk has dried
up. Would like to know what to do for
her.
GEORGIA IN'GREAT
NEED OF MORE HOGS
Farmers of Georgia are awakening to
the need of a change in their methods.
Along what lines shall these changes be
made? To even the casual observer,
it is very evident that one of our great
est needs is more live stock on our
farms. We^ need more live stock to en
able us to produce at home the meat
that now comes to us from other sec
tions. We need Aiore live stock to en
able us to maintain or upbuild the fer
tility of our soils. “Too much cotton”
is an old, old story. The sooner, how
ever, that we realize that our “sun
does not rise and set” in cotton, the
more quickly will our agriculture be
put on a permanent basis.
It is a suicidal policy for our farmers
to depend on cotton to furnish them
money with which to purchase meat
and other supplies. Experiments have
proven that we can produce pork in
north Georgia more cheaply than they
can in the corn belt. Then why pay
the corp. belt farmer a profit for rais
ing the hog, the railroad a profit for
transportation to the packer, who must
profit for butchering? Added to this
is freight from packer to jobber, who
does not handle the meat for the fun
that there is in it. The retail mer
chant’s profit must be considered, and
when the farmer comes to town and gets
his meat, on the credit, (it can’t be paid
for until the cotton is sold, and maybe
not_then) the amount charged him is
three or four times as«large as would
be the cost of his producing a much
better grade of meat on his own farm.
Some of our farmers are realizing the
folly of this practice. More money is be
ing invested in swine. A question often
asked is, “What is the best breed oi
hogs for me to use on my farm?” In
attempting to answer this question, this
fact should have considerable weight:
our cheapest pork is a result of -an Ex
tensive use of the grazing crops. The
rustling or grazing qualities of the breed
must be good.
The Berkshire, the Duroc-Jersey and
the Taraworth breeds are admirably
adapted to Georgia conditions. The farm
er should acquaint himself with the pe
culiarities of, each of these breeds, and
then be guided largely by personal pref
erences; for of these three it may be
said, “There is no best breed.”
The Berkshire is primarily a fat oi
lard type of ho^. As produced in the
south, it is a medium between the lard
and bacon types. The best type of Berk
shire is a hog of considerable size. The
breed is • noted for length of body and
probably excells all other breeds of the
lard type in this respect. Berkshire
sows are prolific and are excellent moth
ers. The pigs mature early and the qual
ity of the meat is unexcelled. The graz
ing qualities of this breed are good. The
color is black with six white points.
Berkshires are very^ popular in Georgia.
There are several excellent pure-bred
herds in this state. Farmers who choose
Berkshires should by all means look over
the herds of our own state and they will
not find it necessary to send to other
states for foundation stock.
The Duroc-Jersey is classed as fat or
lard type. Of the many desirable char
acteristics of this breed, one of ,the
most important is early maturity. An
imals at six months of age have
dressed out as much as 175 pounds.
Prolificacy is one of the strong points
of\his breed. The average of 21,000
litters was 9.26 pigs per litter. The
color is red or sandy, shades varying
from light to dark. Coarseness is yet
a rather prominent characteristic but
the process of refinement is going on
rapidly.
The Tam worth is distinctly a bacon
type. This breed is valued highly on
account of its excellent grazing quali
fies. It is a large hog with considera
ble depth of body, but not much width.
Specimens can easily be made to weigh
700 to 900 pounds. The maturing qual
ity of the Tamworth is not so good.
Prolificacy is a. point in their favor,
this being one of the striking features
cf the breed. The color of Tamworth
is red or sandy. They are not general
ly popular in Georgia, however, the
good merits of this breed are becoming
known, and the demand for them is in
creasing. Georgia • is to be congratu
lated on the fact that Tamworths bred
in this state have won prizes at many
of the big shows in the north.
Polartd-Chinas and representatives of
th e white breeds may do well in this
state, but they are not as well suited
to conditions here as are the breeds
mentioned above. The Poland-China
originated in the corn belt and is pri
marily a fat or lard type. They are
not good for rustlers. The white
breeds in our climate are more subject
to sun-scald, blisters and skin diseases
of various kinds.
While there is no best breed it must
be borne in mind that there are best
individuals within a breed. Thq selec
tion of good individuals is more im
portant than is the choice of a breed.
In order that he may make proper selec
tions, the farmer should acquaint him-
eelf with desirable points in the
makeup of a good hog. Study conform
ation or shape. Size must be taken into
consideration. Know the age of the in
dividuals and be able to judge as to
whether they have made a good growth.
Prolificacy is a valuable point. Choose
individuals from large litters, as this
is to some extent an inherited character
istic. Quality in the hogs should be
carefully noted. A hog whose appear
ance is that of smoothness and refine
ment rather than coarseness, is said to
be in good quality. The hair is fine;
skin smooth and fine in texture; bone
not too large.
The selection of a boar to head the
herd should be very carefully made.
The boar is “half the herd” and should
by all means be a pure-bred animal. As
pigs do not show their form fuily until
they are about four months old, it is un
wise to make a selection before they
reach this age.
For the farmer who cannot invest
much money, grade sows are to be
recommended. Good results may be ob
tained from their use, if the pigs are
sired by a pure-bred animal. Never use
an inferior boar on sows of higher
grade. If “grading” is carried on cor
rectly, the animals for breeding pur
poses being carefully selected, the herd
may be graded up to very closely ap
proach pure-breds. And it is well to
keep in mind that for pork, a good
“grade” animal is superior to a poor
'pure-bred.
Success depends in no small measure
upon the “blood” of the foundation
stock. If the herd is poorly selected,
the feed given them is practically
thrown away. The majority of the
hogs on our farms at present are of
very low grade or “scrubs.” Any farm
er who will investigate the facts, should
be easily convinced of the superiority
of high-grades or pure-breds over
scrubs. We need better hogs, and more
of them.
EFFECT OF FERTILIZER
ON THE WHEAT KERNEL
SUMMER COURSE IN
COTTON GRADING SCHOOL
Farmers’ Institute
ROME, Ga., .April 30.—Plans are
being made for a farmers’ institute to
be held in Rome some time during the
summer. The movement is under the
auspices of the .Farmers and Mer
chants’ Co-operative association, of
which C. C. Bass is president.
No one will deny that quality in
wheat is of importance commercially,
not only to the miller and baker, but to
the producer as well. The miller not
only wants a “weighty” bushel, but
upon its physical composition depends
the strength and quality of his flour.
Two influences bear directly upon this
—meteorlogical conditions and soil fer
tility.
Th e Ohio agricultural station—one of
the most able in the country—recently
issued a bulletin (No. 243), which pre
sented the results of experiments along
this line. The investigation was* made
relative to the changes induced on the
quality of wheat by different chemical
conditions in the soil—the term “qual
ity” referring to the “physical charac
teristics and chemical composition of
the grain.” The conclusions arrived at
arj summed up as follows:
Although differences in climate and
season cause greater variations in the
character of wheat than soil and fer
tilizers, the results obtained show that
changing the chemical condition of the
soil by the addition of fertilizers has
produced marked differences in the
sam3 variety of wheat. Wheat grown
on unfertilized soil, where smallest
yield of grain was obtained, contained
50 per cent of shriveled kernels. In
creasing nitrogen content of the soil ac
centuates the above conditions.
Potassium increased the proportion of
plump kernels, although yield was the
same as when nitrogen was applied to
the soil, and the composition was prac
tically the same as that found in wheat
from unfertilized soil. Phosphorus im
proves the physical appearance of the
grain to the. greatest extent.
The protein, carbohydrate and phos
phorus content of the wheat grain bear
a complementary relation to each other.
There is an inverse ratio between the
percentages of protein and carbohy
drates. The phosphorus and carbohy
drates stand in a direct ratio to each
other. The largest per cents of phos
phorus and carbohydrates are found in
the best developed grain, which is in
turn associated with the highest yields.
The percentage of protein is highest in
wheat grpwn on soil deficient in phos
phorus and well supplied with available
nitrogen.
The ratio of phosphorus to nitrogen
in the' wheat grain generally stands in
the same order as the ratio of phospho
rus to nitrogen supplied to the soil.
The per cents of gluten and gliadin
stand in direct relation to the total pro
tein content of the wheat.
The relation between the carbohy
drates and phosphorus on the one hand
and protein on the other is influenced
by the form in which the nitrogen is
supplied, whether from organic or inor
ganic sources, and by the ratio of phos
phorus to nitrogen.
While the above is somewhat of a
“high school” course, we respectfully
submit it as containing “hints” that
may. perchance, be utilized in the pro
duction of a better “grade” of wheat.
of
Offered at State College
Agriculture June 30 to
August 2 .
(Special Dispatch to The Journal.)
ATHENS, Ga., May 1.—A bulletin
has just been issued announcing a sum
mer school course in cotton grading at
the Georgia State College ,of Agricul
ture, the dates of which will be June
30-August 2, inclusive. Prof. R. J. H.
DeLoach will again be in charge. This
summer course has proven of great
benefit in the past and has been the
means of teaching some of the most
successful cotton graders in the state
how to do their work.
Government samples will be used for
comparison and reference work. The
course is co-extensive with the summer
school of the University of Georgia
and may be combined with the regular
summer school work. Those who have
taken the course have been able to
buy cotton and take care of warehouses.
Only $1 initiation fee is ctfkrged, all
else being free.
FORTY-NINE BURIED
MINERS MAKE ESCAPE
WALSENBURG, Colo., May 1.—Forty
mihe employes at the Colorado Fuel and
Iron companly’s mine, at Rouse, near
here, were buried late yesterday when a
cave-in of a thousand tons of coal filled
the mine entries for 400 feet. All of the
miners escaped in safety.
The men were imprisoned for several
hours but made their escape through a
hole formed by the peculiar manner m
which the mine props and strainers fell
beneath the coal. The hole was narrow
and the men were forped to crawl
throulgh it on hands and knees.
MISSING MEMPHIS COTTON
MERCHANT REMAINS HID
Relatives of Leo Lesser De
clare That No Word Has
Been Heard From Him
(By Assocdated Press.)
MEMPHIS, Tenn., May 1.—Rela
tives of Leo Lesser, the missing presi
dent of the Lesser-Ely Cotton company
of Memphis and the Bank of Tunica,
of Tunica, Miss., both of which have
failed, declared today no word has been
received as to Lesser’s whereabouts.
Lesser was expelled from membership
ii| the Memphis cotton exchange yester
day. •
Supplementary to the bankruptcy pro
ceedings instituted last Saturday
against the two concerns involuntary
petitions in bankruptcy have been filed
in Memphis and in Mississippi against
Leo Lesser as an individual. J. A.
Ely, junior member of the cotton firm,
also was named in a petition filed late
yesterday before Federal Judge H. C.
Niles, at Kosciusko, Miss. J. W. Brown,
receiver for the Lesser-Ely company,
was authorized by the court to act as
ancillary receiver.
It was stated today that the Lesser-
Ely company has advanced approxi
mately $100,000 this year to farmers
and the formation of a corporation to
operate the plantations under contracts
made by the cotton firm are being coiv
sidered by the creditors.
VICTORIES FOR BOTH
SIDES FOR MEXICO
(By Associated Press.)
WASHINGTON, May 1.—'Uncheck
ed, the forward movement of General
Casso Lopez on Monclava, stronghold
of the Carranza rebellion, has result
ed in a second victory over the con
stitutionalist forces in Coahuila.
Huerta troops have defeated a large
force of Carranzistas at El Paacado.
The location of the battle indicates the
federal forces under General Casso
Lopez are steadily advancing upon the
rebel capital.
ARREST OF ASSAI-LANT
OF ROGERS EXPECTED
CHATTANOOGA, Tenn., May 1.—
The arrest of Gordon Jones, who is Re
lieved to have shot down Dr. P. T.
Rogers and Ted Brown in the St. Elmo
drug store Sunday night and then ri
fled the safe, is momentally expected
following the arrest early this morning
of Joe Sullivan, who is said to admit
that he was Jone/3’ accomplice on the
night of the crime. Jones is also believ
ed to be responsible for the death of
S. Siskin, who was shot down and
killed two weeks ago.
MANY P0ST0FFICES TO
GET NEW EQUIPMENT
(By Associated Press.)
WASHINGTON, May 1.—Satchels
in which to collect mall, “routin?:” ta
bles on which to assort their contents
and stools on which tired mail clerks
may drape themselves, in distributing
the daily grist that' falls into their
hands, are wanted by the poetoffiee de
partment-
Postmaster General Burleson today
asked for sealed bids fur the supplies.
The specifications are on file with the
purchasing agent of the department
and the bids must be in by May 27.
STOCK EXCHANGE
REFORM BILLS PASS
(By Associated Press.)
ALBANY, N. Y„ May 1.—Two of
the senate bills designed to reform
methods of the New York stock ex
change were passed by the assembly
last night. One would make it a fel
ony to make false statements or-ad
vertisements as to the securities or
financial condition of a corporation or
association. The other would make
It a felony to report or publish ficti
tious transactions in securities.
ACID FROM GOLF.BALL
PUTS OUT BOY’S EYES
AUGUSTA, Ga., May 1.—-Richard
Steiling, aged fifteen, of North Augusta,
has lost his eyesight by a splash of acid
from a golf ball.
Young Steiling picked up an acid filled
English golf ball on the Arlington links
and was cutting it open “to see what It
was made ot" when the knife blade sud
denly plunged through to the hollow por
tion of the ball, splashing the acid Into
both eyes.
NEW YORK POLICE
OCCUPY IRON CELLS
(By Associated Press.)
NEW YORK, May 1.—Former Po
lice Inspectors Sweeney, Murtjia, Hus
sey and Thompson, on trial charged
with conspiracy to obstruct justice, will
have to be locked up every night of
their trial. The appellate division of
the state supreme court so decided to
day and the inspectors’ trial was re
sumed in the supreme court!
Cold Worries Farmers
EATONTON, Ga., May 1—The re
appearance of another cold wave aft
er the ground hog’s period for the ex
piration of winter according to the
established statute of limitations Is
having a very discouraging effect upon
Putnam’s farmers. That the county's
fruit crop Is killed is conceded. What
ern is up is already turning yellow
from the continued cold snaps, garden
plants and other vegetation have suf
fered likewise. Roaring winter fires
have been necessary since Sunday morn
ing, and farm work has practically
stopped for the present.
HALF-INCH OF SNOW
FALLS NEAR WALHALLA
ANDERSON, S. C„ May 1.—Passen-*
gers arriving here Monday report a half
inch snowfall Sunday on the Blue Ridge
mountains near Walhalla, S. C.
We would suggest that you try the
following treatment for your cow and
see if it does not give relief: s Give her
first of all an active cathartic, such as
a pound to a pound and a half of Ep
som salts to which is added handful of
common salt and a tablespoonful of pep
per or ginger, and mix with two quarts
ol water. All of this is to be given
at one dose. Later give an ounce of
hypersulphide of soda twice a day for
two weeks mixed with the feed. Apply
to the skin a solution of borax, four
ounces to one quart of water, or car
bolic acide one-half once to one quart
of water may also give relief.
FERTILIZER FACTS No. 5
The Value of Fertilizing Growing Crops
You don't furnish your stock at one time with food
enough to supply them two months or more. Why,
then, should you follow such a plan when feeding
your crops? Fertilizer is simply plant food and should
be given to your cotton or corn in such amounts and
at such times as their needs require.
In order to obtain the beet crop results, this plant
food must not only be furnished at the time of plant
ing to germinate the seed and cause a healthy, hardy
stand but must be fed to it afterwards, as the grow
ing plant makes its demand for more and more as tht
plant begins to fruit.
SECOND APPLICATION.
In July, on an average, the blossoming begins, and
from July on until the crop is made the plant is busy
at its great work, and It is then in need of all the
help It can get—the best of cultivation and the best
of plant foods, and both in abundance. After about
the first of July the plant not only makes its great
est growth, but must support its squares, bolls, seed
and lint, as well as branches and leaves, and while it
is doing this the plant must have at its command an
additional supply of ripened plant food,
GREATEST DEMAND FOR FOOD,
Between the time the fertilizer was put into the
ground and the time the plant makes its greatest de
mand for food, heavy and continuous rains. such as
have been prevalent to date, dissolve and carry away
a great portion of the soluble plant food. Especially
is this true with respect to the nitrogen—the most
expensive and most vital part of the fertilizer—the
lack of which is shown when the leaves turn yellow,
growth ceases and the squares fall off. These things
point out clearly the fact that the food supply is near
exhaustion and that nature is wisely putting aside
part of her burden in order that all of it may not
be lost.
DOUBLE THE YIELD.
From two to six squares fall off of each cotton
stalk to every mature boll made. Just think what it
would mean to reduce the number that fall off by half
by furnishing additional plant’food when needed, to
hold them on, through the means of a second appli
cation. The reward to the cotton grower will be an
abundant yield ancF a great profit, and would leave
the soil in better condition for the crop which is to
follow cotton.
Water carries plant food to the growing crop. In
the case of corn growing, when all of the fertilizer
is put into the ground, at one time, is, another case of
the maximum supply of plant food with the minimumr
use for It. The corn stalks grow tall and large, and
by.the time the ears begin to develop the fertilizer
has been leached away and ther& is not remaining
sufficient plant food to give the ears of corn that de
velopment so necessary for a fruitful crop.
CORN NEEDS FERTILIZER.
It has been proven that corn needs not alone, water
soluble ammoniates, such as sulphate of ammonia or
nTtrate of soda as a second application, in order to
secure the best results, bqt is also in need of phos
phoric acid and potash in order to round out a bumper
harvest.
Experience and experiments have proven that one
must not wait too long for the second application and
third application, but the best results are obtained by
applying the second application three or four weeks
before the tassel appears, and the third application
when the tassel prepares to grow out of the top
leaf.
Modern machinery, which combines cultivator and
distributor, has minimized the expense of the second
application until it adds little to any beyond the cost
of the fertilizer to the production of the crop.
t
TWENTY DOLLARS PER ACRE MORE.
In a recent article Mr. J. S. Fowler, of Anderson,
S. C„ narrated his experience in the growing of the
cotton crop with and without the second application
and this article was illustrated with photographs.
He kept an exact expense account with reference
to the- two crops, both of which were planted with
the same seed, at the same time, cultivated in the
same way, and it was shown that, with the additional
expense of $5.00 per acre for the second application
of commercial fertiliser, the net profit per acre on
the part so cultivated was $20.00 above that acreage
in which all of the fertilizer was applied at the time
of planting.
Experiment farms and demonstration plots have
proven the advantage, profit and progress of sec
ond application and even third application. Don’t
follow the beaten path, but make a step forward this
season by the use of the second application, and re
member this talk when you harvest your increased
yield in the fall.
Write for Bulletin, sent free.
SOIL IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE
Southern Fertilizer Association, Atlanta, Ga.