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THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA., TUESDAY, MAY 27, 1913.
AGRICULTURAL
Education
-amp Successful
imiuft. SoilEl
This department wilt cheerfully endeavor to furnish any Information,
t.etters should be addressed to Dr. Andrew M. Soule, president Stats
Agricultural College, Athens, Ga.
BUILDING UP A WORN-OUT FARM
I N 1907 when the State College of
Agriculture was reorganized there
was turned over to it for its use a
much abused, washed, eroded and run
down farm. Situated in the Pied
mont region the land is naturally
very rolling, making it difficult to re
claim and maintain in a friable condi
tion after improvement has been ef
fected. The problem of building up this
farm was one of the first to which the
college directed its energy, for it was
felt that it represented one of the state’s
most important agricultural ^problems,
and that if^ this land could be built up
successfully at a moderate cost and in
a reasonable length of time that it would
constitute one of the most important
demonstrations which the institution
cculd make for the benefit of its student
body and the guidance of the farmers of
the state. The situation of this farm
and the physical condition in which it
was found does not vary greatly from
that prevailing on thousands of home
steads throughout the great Piedmont
plateau, and the methods .which were
employed to build up this land and re
claim the farm at Athens are applicable
throughout the whole tier of states bor
dering the South Atlantic and Gulf
coasts.
The area of land included in the farm
is some 830 acres, of which nearly 100
ever be possible by devoting it to the
growth of corn and cotton without re
gard to the maintenance of a proper
crop rotation.
The value of the buildings on the
college farm at present has been con
servatively estimated at $9,492, and the
value of the tools and implements at
$3,003. While these may look like rel
atively large investments to some, it
should be remembered that they repre
sent permanent investments which will
last through a series of years. A num
ber of experienced farmers who were
familiar with the farm before the work
of improvement was undertaken, and
who have examined it within the past
year, are of the opinion that the area
under cultivation has been increased in
value at least $5,000 for agricultural
purposes, and if the land were offered
for sale today it is quite certain that
it would bring a much larger relative
increVnent over the original value than
is represented by this figure.
Farmers will no doubt be Interested
to know just what results were obtained
from the farm operations during the
year ended June 1, 1912. The expendi
tures for maintenance were as fol
lows: Labor $3,688.85, fertilizers $979.-
86, foodstuffs (chiefly ' cottop seed
meal) $1,300.60, dairy equipment $447.-
84, miscellaneous expenditures for re-
I corners. Sores appear on the limbs
[ and ears. The coat is rough and there
I is weakness and a staggering gait.
Emaciation sets in shortly accompa
nied by rapid breathing. The lungs
then become involved. Constipation
occurs in the early stages of the dis
ease, diarrhoea often marking the lat
er stages. The sick hog tends to iso
late itself from the balance of the
herd. These symptoms indicate tho
presence of cholera. The only effec
tive treatment is to isolate the sick
animals and Remove the healthy ones
to uninfected ground. Then treat all
with fferum. Hog cholera serum is a
preventive and not a cure for this dis
ease, though it may exercise some cur
ative effects. The serifm should be
administered In proportion to the size
and weight of the animal. The fol
lowing dosage is recommended: Hogs
v/eighing 25 to 50 pounds, 10 to 20
c. c.; 50 to 100 pounds, 20 to 30 c. c.;
100 to 200 pounds. 30 to 50 c. c. n the
serum is not manufactured at the ag
ricultural college located at Auburn in
your state, you will of necessity have
to purchase it through your local drug
store.
• * *
REMOVING WARTS ON CATTLE.
W. A. II., Woodbury, Ga., writes: I
have a nire milk cow that has warts on
her, and I would like to know how to get rid
of them.
acres were set aside for, campus and pairs, etc., $704.62, making a total out
\
forest reservations. Nearly 300 acres
are in woodland. The area devoted to
crops in 1911-1912 consisted of 333 acres
exclusive of pastures. Of this area, 80
acres were devoted to the growth of
peas and sorghum for hay production,
35 acres to peas and soy beans for soil
improvement, 65 acres to oats for hay
and grain, 10 acres to rye for grain, 40
acres to vetch and crimson clover for
soil Improvement, 15 acres to cotton,
40 acres to corn for grain, and 48 acres
to corn afid sorghum for silage. These
figures do not include a very consider
able area of land devoted to Bermuda
for pasture purposes. It will be no
ticed at once that the farm has been
organized on the basis of practicing a
crop rotation, minimizing the produc
tion of cotton, and emphasising the
maintenance of live stock. Each season
a new area of land- has been brought
under cultivation, and its improvement
systematically undertaken, and in the
course of a few years a considerably
larger area than that mentioned in this
article will be devoted to crop produc
tion.
In 1908. the income from the farm
was $2,767.24; in 1911-12 it was $6,581.40.
The receipts have shown a stea*dy in
crease throughout the period in ques
tion. These results have been obtain
ed by plowing the land $s deeply as
possible with large plow's, extra heavy
mules, and draft animals of the Per-
c*ieron breed. The organization of r>.
dairy herd has assisted materially in
the development witnessed. The herd
has not only proven a profitable ad
junct to the farm, but has supplied ever
increasing quantities* of yard manure
for the enrichment of the soil. The
plowing under of green crops has
changed the physical condition of the
land, wnile the drainage of certain low-
lying areas has made their cultivation
possible. In connection with the im
provement of the land several miles of
fencing have .been built, the pastures
very materially improved through grub
bing, a fair type of farm roadways con
structed, and a number of barns and
other buildings essential to thfe housing
of live stock and implements and the
protection of the forage erected.
• %■ *
Starting with practically nothing in
, the way of live stock, there have been
built up in a period of five years herds
worth about $10,265'. The college at the
present time owns seventeen horses and
mules, seventeen pure-bred Jerseys, ten
pure-bred Holsteins, thirty-one grade
Jerseys, nine grade Holsteins, forty-
eight Herefords, twelve Tamworths and
fifteen Berkshires, making a total of
159 head of live stock. The sales from
surplus animals now available for dis
tribution* amount annually to several
♦hundred dollars. When it is recollected
that these herds have been built up in
a period of five years at a very small
outlay for the purchase of pure-breds,
it illustrates very forcibly how quickly
herds may be developed on the aver
age farm if the energy anu thought of
the management be directed towards
this end. The idea in emphasizing live
stock farming at the State College of
Agriculture has been to illustrate its
possibilities and to show that through
its agency the farmer could not only
make a good profit from his land, but
build it up more effectively than will
Use less Butter—
More Cottolene
No wonder butter is so high.
Particular women who are
loath to use lard or cooking
butter in their cakes and fine
pastry, use table butter. With
butter at the price you have
to pay for it, that’s downright
extravagance. Cottolene is
just as good as butter for pas
try; for frying, it is better.
And Cottolene costs no more
than lard. Moreover, Cotto
lene is richer, and two-thirds
of a pound of it will go as far
as a pound of butter or lard.
And lard and Cottolene are
not to be mentioned in the
same breath,
for Cottolene
is a vegeta
ble product,
healthful, al
ways safe —
makes diges
tible, rich, but
never greasy
food.
THE N. K. FAIR BANK COMPANY
lay for maintenance of $6,855.89. The
receipts from the farm were as fol
lows: Dairy products $5,099.44, farm
products $3,481.97, making a total of
$8,581.41. The difference between* the
receipts and expenditures is thus seen
to be $1,725.52. Certainly this is a
respectable margin of profit when the
volume of business conducted is taken
into consideration. But a statement of
this kind would not do justice to an^
farm, for certainly the cost of the
permanent improvements of the year
should be charged up against the farm
on the one hand and the value of the
improvements effected during the year
credited to it.
For permanent improvements there
was expended during the year under
discussion $4,018.60, divided as fol
lows: Building and repair $3,537.93,
tools and implements $409.40. live
stock $71.25. The value of the im
provements effected during the year
was as follows: Tools and implements
$245.64; building and repair $3,537.98;
increased value of live stock $265;
fencing $87.45; teaming for buildings
$171.IT; grading $207.80; clearing land
*83.15; removing stumps and rocks
$82.30; work on roads $60. The total
expenditures for maintenance and per
manent improvements on the one hand
thus becomes $10,874.47; receipts and
value of improvements total $13,321.83,;
leaving as net earnings for the year's
operations $2,246.36.
Remember that this volume of busi
ness has been built up in a period of
five years with the investment of a
very small amount of capital. This
work has been accomplished on a thor
oughly exhausted farm Where ail the
labor had to be hired and paid at a
higher rate because of the proximity
of the institution to the city df Athens
than prevails In the open country.
These results have been accomplished
through the establishment of herds of
live stock and the minimizing of the
production of cotton. The data pre
sented should certainly encourage ev
ery farmer to give more attention to
the institution of a systematic method
of farming on his land in which live
stock husbandry shall occupy a more
prominent place than has been ac
corded to it in the past.
WEAK LOINS AND THEIR TREAT
MENT.
G. W. F., Matthews, S. C., writes: I
have a cow which was taken sick a few
days ago. She could not chew and appears
toba weak in the loins. I am feeding An
cotton seed meal and grazing her. Would
like to know what is the matter with her.
From the description offered in your
letter it is impossible to say definitely
what the “trouble with your cow might
be. If she has very recently calved
there is a possibility of complications
due to parturition. The symptoms you
have included in your letter would not
indicate any evidences of milk fever. I
would suggest that you give a mild,
stimulating purgative at once of three-
quarters of a pound of Epsom salts and
two ounces of ginger dissolved in four
quarts of warm water. Plenty of
water should be given t‘o drink and ene
mas of warm water to move the boWels.
If the animal will take food, bran
mashes* made by pouring warm water
on pure wheat bran will be found help
ful. Cut out the grain rations for a
few days. Provide fresh green feed and
give easily digested laxative food. Medi
cine should not be resorted to unless
absolutely necessory. Nature will tend
to effect a cure if the trouble is due to
impaction of the rumen or a more or
less chronic form of indigestion. We
believe the treatment suggested will
prove effective.
* * *
MANAGEMENT OF A SORE SHOULD
ER.
P. C. H., Rhine, Ga., writes: I have
bought a mule which has a sore on the point
of his shoulder. I have done everything
I know for him but the sore stays swollen
nil the time and runs matter. When I
work him the scab comes off and It looks
red and raw. I would like to know what
to do to cure him.
The best way to get rid of the w 4 arts
about which you write is to cut them
off with a sharp knife and sear the
affected part with a hot iron. You
may also tie strings around the warts
tightening them from day to day or
small rubber bands maj' sometimes be
used to advantage for this purpose. \jt
course, acetic acid may be used, but
this sometimes makes a sore, especial
ly where it is not applied with skill
Warts are a nuisance and unsightly,
therefore, it is not surprising that you
should desire to get rid of them, but
the methods we have suggested are
about the only practical ones which
y<w can- employ.
* * *
ANALYSIS OF A CERTAIN MIXTURE.
M. K.. Hamlsboro, Miss., writes: Kind
ly tell me tlie analysis of' 400 pounds of
acid phosphate, I’OO pounds of nitrate of
soda and 100 pounds of muriate of potash.
Is this a good mixture for potatoes on
sandy soil without clay foundation?
A mixture containing 400 pounds of
acid phosphate, 20Q pounds of nitrate
of soda and 100 pounds of muriate of
potash would contain approximately
sixty-four pounds of available phos
phoric acid, thirty-two pounds of avail
able nitrogen and fifty -pounds of avail
able potash. Its percentage composi
tion would be about 9.1 per cent of
phosphoric acid. 4.5 per cent of nitro
gen and 7.1 per cent of potash! This
formula used at the rate of 77 pounds
per acre would answer .well for pota-w
toes an sondy land. Only one change
could be suggested in that it might be
better not to use quite so much nitrate
of soda- Substitute, say 200 pounds of
cotton seed meal for 100 pounds of the
intrate of soda, and we think the mix
ture will be improved, and that you
will be securing nitrogen from both or
ganic and inorganic sources, one be
ing virtually immediately available to
the growing crop and the other more
slowly available.
STATE AGENCIES TO CO-OPERATE
FOR AGRICULTURAL PROTECTION
Such Is the Belief Expressed
in the Annual Report of
State Entomologist E. Lee
Worsham, to Be Presented
Legislature
NITRATE AS A TOP DRESSING FOR
COTTON.
J. P. W.. Troy. Ala., writes: T wish
to use forty or fifty tons of nitrate of
soda* under cotton this year, and would be
Kind to have you give me your evperience
in regard thereto. Would like all the in
formation you can give me in regard to
te use of nitrate on cotton,
You should wash and cleanse the
shoulder very thoroughly and give
your mule as much rest as possible. It
is important to examine the collar and
see that it fits properly and that there
is padding of ‘the right character to
protect the sore spot without irrita
tion. Keep the sore spot well bathed
with cold water and thoroughly disin
fiected. To this end you may use car
bolic acid, one part to thirty or fifty
parts of water. After thoroughly
cleansing sore place prepare a drying
powder as follows: Air-slaked lime
pulverized tweive parts, tanic aqid pul
verized one part. This is an excel
lent remedy for summer sores and
galls and for healing raw surface^ The
powder should be dusted on freely.
The treatment should be given two to
three times daily.
* • •
EVIDENCES OF HOG CHOLERA.
W. Ij. P., Aritow, Ala., writes: I would
like to know what to do for my hogs. They
are six months old and they get weak in
their hips and fall about. Do not eat any
thing hardly and In three or four days they
die.
The chances are that cholera has at
tacked your herd of hogs, and if the
case is well defined you can determine
from the following description whether
this disease is present or not. Loss
of appetite is accompanied by fever,
the temperature ranging from 103 to
108 degrees. Red or purple spots ap
pear on the skin, especially on the
belly and the inside of the thighs. The
eyes become sore, first a redness and
then a gummy exudation forms in the
No doubt you desire to use nitrate
of soda almost exclusively as a top
dressing un cotton. Of course, at this
season of the year it is possible to use
it as a side application in conjunction
with phosphorus and potash. When
used as a side application we would
prefer to mix it with some form of
organic nitrogen so that upon the as
similation of the nitrogen derived
from the soda an additional supply of
this element might be available to the
growing crop. Of course, organic
sources of notrogen as a‘rule have to
undergo fermentation which takes
longer and is more complex than with
some of the inorganic sources of nitro
gen. For instance, the nitrogen in ni
trate of soda is immediately available
when brought into solution by the wa
ter of the soil. In cotton seed meal
it must first be transformed into am
monia and later into nitrogen. Cotton
seed meal and nitrate of soda combine
well together for use in a side appli
cation along with phosphorus and pot
ash. Where side applications are used
we would advise that they be put on
relatively earls'. The amount to apply
will depend on the nature of the soil;
on clay soils, 200 pounds and on sandy
soils probably 300 pounds. A side ap
plication may be used alongside the
drTU row or scattered over the ground
and worked in with a. cultivator. We
think the latter method preferable
where the land has been plowed before
planting and properly cultivated and
fertilized. A good formula to use for
this purpose will be from 9 to 10 per
cent of phosphoric acid, 3 to 4 per
cent of nitrogen and 4 to 6 per cent
of potash. On sandy lands where there
Js a tendency for the cotton to rust,
we would use the hig! e. per tfent of
potash.
Used by itself we believe about 100
pounds of nitrate of soda is the largest
amount which is likely to prove profit
able on most of our southern soils for
general field crops. On truck crops
probably 200 pounds or in extreme
cases, 250 pounds can be used to ad
vantage. It will not do to depend on
nitrate of soda or any other artificial
source of nitrogen for the entire sup
ply of this element. Part, of it must
be derived from the soil, and prefer
ably from organic matter such as yard
manure or green crops plowed under.
When using nitrate of soda alone it
should be applied on top of the ground.
If there is any moisture whatever it
will quickly dissolve and be taken up
by the Soil water. In a very pro
tracted drought, the nitrate might be
covered very lightly. It should be put
on after a rain rather than before.
We think one application as a rule will
be satisfactory for corn and cotton.
We would prefer to put it on cotton
from the 15th of June to the 1st of
July, depending somewhat on seasonal
conditions, and on corn w’ell in advance
of its bunching to tassel.
HOW TO INCREASE
FERTILITY OF LAND
That the best service which can be
rendered the farmers of Georgia will
come from the active and efficient co
operation of all state Institutions and
agencies, working along agricultural
lines, is the belief of State Entomologist
E. Lee Worsham, as presented in his
annual report which will go to the leg
islature through the commissioner of
agriculture.
Mr. Worsham’s department naturally
engages in many fields of activity, all
important and of value to the farmer,
the farmer, .the fruit grower and the
horticulturist. But there is no field in
which it has rendered more important
service to Georgia than in planning to
meet the invasion of the Mexican cotton
boll weevil, and at the same time devel
oping strains of cotton that will suc
cessfully resist the attack of "black
root” or th€ “wilt” disease, which has
been destroying more tha/n $1,000,000
worth of cotton in south Georgia a
year.
The department was confronted by a
very difficult problem in this state, be
cause the requirements in meeting these
two destructive agencies are almost ex
actly opposites. For instance, it has
been found that the best means of meet
ing the boll weevil invasion is to use
early maturing varieties, while it was
known that these varieties were the
most susceptible to the destructive
"black root” disease.
SOLUTION FOUND
Notwithstanding this difficulty, a prac
tical solution has already been found by
the department, and it will begin next
year, according to Mr. Worsham’s re
port, distributing to the farmers of
Georgia a cotton seed that are "wilt
resistant and mature early enough to
avoid the boll weevil in a large meas
ure.” There has been no more impor-1 stock peas were sown
tant development in Georgia than this
within recent years.
Incident tc this work has been the
development of a hybrid cotton of the
long staple variety, which can be suc
cessfully grown throughout south Geor
gia, and it can be used in the course of
time to take the place of Sea Island cot
ton. At -last season’s prices, this staple
would be worth from 18 to 20 cents a
pound.
Widespread interest has been aroused
in cotton breeding, and cotton breed
ers’ clubs have been organized in 25
South Georgia counties.
The department has made no claim to
having successfully overcome the im
pending attacbk of the boll weevil, out
it h&s, unquestionably, developed a
strain of cotton that will in a large
measure meet this attack"through early
maturing, and at the same time resist
the destructive "wilt” disease.
The department’s motto is to render
the greatest possible service to the
greatest number, with the funds which
are available. It has succeeded in do
ing (his inconnection with the cotton
situation, as well as in many other im
portant fields o^ activity.
4,333,300 TREES INSPECTED.
During the year the department in
spected 4,333,300 trees and plants in
Georgia nurseries, of which 1,027,600
were peach trees. It is now practi
cally impossible, under the department’s
watchful care, for a diseased tree or
plant to come into the state.
As the result of directions given the
farmers,' hundred^ of thousands of dol
lars were saved during the summer in
meeting the attacks of the'army worm
and cotton caterpillar. s
Farmers’ meetings were held in vari
ous sections of the state and special lec
tures were given by Mr. Worsham on
cotton inSsects at the cotton school held
at the State College of Agriculture in
January. The department has sought
to co-operate actively at every possible
point with other agencies working along
agricultural lines, with the result of
material benefit to the farmer. One in
stance noted, was the procuring for
South Georgia farmers of arsenate of
lead at actual cost during the outbreak
of arffiy worm and cotton caterpillar.
$30,000,000 LOST IN 1912.
When it is known that insect pests
and plant diseases.cost the farmers and
fruit growers of the state $30,000,000
in 1912, the importance of experimenta
tion in destroying these pests will be
better understood. Experimental sta
tions are maintained where the experi
ments can be conducted under the best
conditions. Experiments on insects and
diseases that attack the apple and
peach are conducted in Habersham
county, near Cornelia. Experiments on
the mole cricket are conducted on St.
Simon's Island, near Brunswick. Ex
periments or. insects and diseases of the
pecan tree are conducted at DeWitt In
the pecan growing section.
Results of this experimentation have
been the discovery and development of
many valuable remedies for keeping
down and in some instances the eraai-
cation of these pests.
The department issues from time to
time many valuable bulletins dealing
with plant and tree insects and diseases
and their treatment, which it distrib
utes to the farmers free of cost.
A PLAN OF CULTIVATING CORN.
W. H.. Covena, Ga?, writes: Would like
some information on liow to fertilize my
corn from now on. I broke the land with a
turning plow ten Inches deep and run a
scooter In the furrows eight inches deeper
which makes eighteen inches. I run the
rows off forty inches apart and the corn
Is eight inches In the drill. I broadcasted
eight loads of lot compost before breaking.
When I sided it I drilled cotton seed meal
in the rows. I have cotton seed meal, muri
ate of potash and acid phosphate and would
like to know how to mix them to make a
fertilizer for the corn ami how much to
apply and when.
The care and skill with which you
prepared the seed bed for your corn crop
is to be highly commended. Putting the
land in shape Is one of the most impor
tant and essential matters and is not
prized and valued by our farmers as
highly as it should be. Your example
in this respect will no doubt be of
value to your community and it is to be
hoped that many farmers will profit
by the improved methods of practice
with reference to soil cultivation which
you are following. We would suggest
that you use on your corn a formula
prepared by mixing together 1,000
pounds of high grade cotton seed meal,
900 pounds of acid phosphate and 100
pounds of muriate of potash. This will
give you a formula carrying approxi
mately 8.4 .per cent of phosphoric acid.
3 per cent of nitrogen and 3.5 per cent
of potash. As your corn is now planted,
we would advise you to put on 300
pounds as a side application, and in two
or three weeks put on an additional 300
pounds. It is desirable that you put all
fertilizer on two or three weeks before
the corn bunches to tassel. In our judg
ment it would be better to put a part of
the fertilizer under the drill row rather
than to wait and put it all on as side
application, especially where you use yard
manure to supply .vegetable matter to
the soil. We doubt the wisdom of at
tempting to use more than 600 pounds
of fertilizer as a side application.
DESTROYING MOLES IN A GARDEN.
M. A. B., Devereaux, Ga.:, writes Please
let me know If there is any way to destroy
or get rid of moles. My garden Is a perfect
network of them, and they ruin everything
planted. Have tried corn soaked In arsenic,
but they do not appear to care for it.
There are special traps for catching
moles which we think you will find
fairly satisfactory. They are not very
costly. If your local hardware dealer
does not happen to have them he can
order them for you. We have destroyed
moles by using carbon bisulphide. Sat
urate bunches of Cotton With it, and
open up the runway and put them In
and cover with earth. Put several in
each runway. The gases are so pene
trating as to kill the moles if the
work is properly done and persisted in.
Carbon bisulphide is not expensive to
purchase nor difficult to handle pro
vided you remember that it is inflam
mable and therefore, matches or pipes
should not be used in its vicinity. It
is best to keep carbon bisulphide out
of doors. A gallon will be sufficient to
treat a considerable area of ground.
BY W. H. UNDERWOOD.
It is unfortunate indeed that we
have unproductive soils. Mei\ who
know how to farm never allow soils to
become unproductive. The successful
farmer ever strives to make his fields
more fertile, and well he should. To
abuhe a farm, rob it of its fertility and
leave it to posterity in. a worthless,
worn-out, impoverished condition is a
crime of the worst type, and I believe
it to be the sacred duty of every land
owner to build up his soils, improve
them and make them more productive.
The Creator never intended the soil
to give out, but that it should yield
abundantly and furnish food for both
man and beast. Men in the past have
been (unintentionally, I hope) soil rob
bers, have taken off great crops and in
many instances have returned little or
nothing to the fieldh. American farm
ers generally have never realized thj
possibilities of an acre of good soil, but
now when the cheap, rich lands are all
taken, men are beginning to realize that
the soil must be cared for, and in order
to feed the rapidly increasing humanity
our soils must be built up and the un
productive field restored to produc
tivity.
Making a poor field rich is more
easily said than done. It is by far
more easy to keep a rich field than to
make a poor one rich. To build up un
productive soils is quickly and easily
dene when the owner has plenty of
money and is willing to .spend it, but
the trouble is that most poor soils are
owned by poor men, without means
and who cannot get them. To such the
building up of poor soils is a long, hard
struggle, and the renting of a good
farm on shares would be preferable by
far in the judgment of the writer.
\\ hat I started out to write about was
how a rich man actually made a poor
field rich and did it quickly. Early in
May this poor old field that had not
grown a profitable crop for years was
plowed, and during the first week of
June a bushel and a half of black
on well-fitted
soil. The season was favorable and the
peas made a fair growth. About the
time of the first frost the peas were
chopped up with a cutaway harrow, a
good seed bed prepared and the field
was sown to rye and crimson clover.
One bushel of rye and ten pounds of
clover seed were sown per acre.
The next May, when the rye was
about two feet high, at which time
tho clover was also making a good
shewing, the land was again plowed,
and a ton of agricultural lime was ap
plied to each acre, and cowpeas were
again sown at the rate of one and one-
half bushels per acre. In September
the cowpeas were again Chopped into
the surface with a cutaway harrow,
a good firm seed bed was prepared
and the field was sown to* wheat, an
application of 300 pounds of steamed
bone meal being made per acre. By
this time everybody was watching
this old field. People were anxious
to see the outcome of the rich man’s
farming. The wheat came on nicely
as did also the light seeding of timothy.
In the spring one peck of red clover
seed per acre was applied. The much-
talked about wheat came on, did well
and yielded twenty-nine bushels per
acre. After harvest it was noticed that
there was a good stand of grass which
went through the first witner In excel
lent condition, and at tne next harvest,
two tons per acre of choice hay, mostly
clover, was harvested. Formerly the
hay crop had been a few hundred pounds
of weds, briars and a little timothy.
The second crop of clover came on
and made a good showing, and would
have produced a nice lot of seed but
was left oii the land. During the fall
and winter all the manure that could
be possibly scraped up about the farm
was hauled upon the field and the
following May the land was again
plowed and planted to corn. The corn
crop was well cultiavted and yielded
sixty-five bushels per acre.
The corn was followed by wheat with
the 300 pounds of steamed bone meal and
in the future a regular three-crop rota
tion of corn, wheat and clover will be
followed upon this field. Considerable
live stock is now being kept on this farm
and all manures are carefully saved and
judiciously applied. The old poor field
is now recognize^ as the best producer in
the locality, and not only this field but
the entire farm is productive, for the
same system is now being applied to the
entire farm.
Passers-by are now beginning to notice
this farm. People who know its history
are astonished at the crops. The im
provement has cost money but has paid.
The farm cost $20 per acre, including fair
buildings, and the owner new has an of
fer of $60 and will get more. The expe
rience of this very wealthy pan has
proven that soils may be unproductive,
yet contain an abundance of plant food
enough of which can be made available
each year to produce great crops. To
restore soils to productivity we must
grow plants, return them to the land,
plow down sods, fee£ live stock, use
plenty of phosphorus and drive off harm
ful acids with lime. We are fast learn
ing how to improve worn-out soils, and
some day poor soils will be unknown.—
Inland Farmer.
IMPORTANCE OF A SILO;
REAPING THE BENEFITS
While the silo has many advantages
over old methods of feeding, there are
a few beenflts which are seldom men
tioned in teh agricultural press. I like
to think of a silo as a big flreless cooker
dsigned to prepare palatable food out
of material which would otherwise be
w’asted. The fireless cooker, used by the
housewife, requires heat applied by a
stove, but teh cow’s fireless cooker needs
only nature’s heat which comes from
fermentation. When green material such
as corn, or forage of any kind is cut up
and crowded into an airtight, compart-
fent, it at once starts a fermentation
which produces heat. This heat in the
average silo, rises as high as 150 de
grees, and the temperature Is kept up
from to two weeks or even longer. The
acid which is set free with the high tem
perature and lack of air serves to break
down the hard, woody fibre of the forage
and dissolves the cellulose, thus setting
free much food material which would
otherwise be lost. ♦ Siloing, in other
words, is a digesting process and the ani
mal eating good silage has this advarit
tage, part of the work of digesting has
already been completed.
Weed seed, which finds its way into
teh silo, is destroyed, for the action of
heat, moisture and acid germinates and
destroys the seeds. With the average
silage corn on the average farm there
is a large amount of weed seed harvested,
and this would find its way back to the
field if it were not passted through the
silo. Silage is also a pasteurized food,
free from germ life, therefore it is
wholesome. Bacteria finds it very un
comfortable to withstand teh heat and
acid. Well cured silage is therefore teh
safest kind of food for animals, being
free rom spores and germs.
Those who have tasted silage know
that it is sour or tart. This is caused
by the presence of two avids, namely—
acetic and lactic. These acids are
wholesome and beneficial to the animal.
Acetic acid is found in many of the
fruits, while lactic can be described as
that which makes sour milk or butter
milk. This lactic acid is one of tho
most valuable tonics or acids ti diges
tion that we know of. It is a germ
destroyer and is altogether wholesome
and beneficial. One noted European
bacteriologist claims it prolongs life,
as it destroys countless numbers of
bacteria.
Could we extract from the silo tlfis
most valuable acid, in a pure form, the
value of silage would be ten times its
present commercial value. Some day,
no doubt, this will be accomplished and
then we will be putting up silage to
make lactic acid, which in turn can be
used by both man and beast. Of course,
the gerat value of the silo, at least for
the present day, is to turn a product,
which is largely going to waste into a
valuable stock food. It is to save the
corn stalks and leaves, the kafir corn,
sorghum, milo maze and alfalfa from
being wasted or lost entirely. It is put
ting up in a convenient form one of
more 'years’ supply of food for our
stock, thus making us independent of
drouth or crop failure. It is a means of
lowering the cost of making beef, milk
and mutton on the farm. It is a wise
conservation movement which will save
the people o fthis country millions of
dollars. It will feed ou rstock so they
will be well nourished and always kept
in good oirder. it will make possible, not
only a profitable stock business, but
will largely increase our stock produc
tion. It ipomes at a most opportune
time, apd should be taken up by every
progressive farmer.
Promote the silo and you will pro
mote the prosperity of your country.
R. L. GEORGE.
N. Y. STATE SENAT0R
C0NVICTEDJDF BRIBERY
(By Associated Press.)
NEW YORK, May 24.—Stephen J.
Stilwell, state senator from the Bronx,
recently exonerated by the New York
state senate of charges of bribery, was
found guilty of bribery this afternoon
by a jury. The maximum penalty for
the crime is ten years’ imprisonment
and $5,000 fine. He will be sentenced
Wednesday.
Don't Forget to Side Dress
After you have the plants well started,
insure a crop by feeding it. 4 For cotton.
POTASH
to make more bolls, good fibre, and to keep the bolls from falling;
and for corn, help the plant make the starch that fills the ears.
Try 200 lbs. per acre of miTture of equal parts of Kainit, Acid
Phosphate and Nitrate of Soda, or 5-5-5 goods.
Insure against cotton rust by side dressing of 200 lbs. Kainit
per acre. Right side dressing prolongs the activity of the plants
and produces a full crop of bolts that stay on. It makes
MUM sound, heavy corn and fine fodder. Potash Pays.
Jf’ We sell Potash in any amount from one 200 lb. bag up. Write for prices
1 ' . ' GERMAN KALI WORKS, Inc.
WVttser Cutral Sank Beildiw, Nnr Orleani, La. Saraaaab Baalt k Trait B.ilJinx. Saraaaak, Ga.
U P KE EP COST
}
An
engine^
best adapted
for your work is the'
engine you can depend ^
on—capable of heavy and ^
steady work every day and
with less upkeep in cost.
Cole’s Engines are the result of more than 5<T*
years experience and success. Their wonderful dur-
ability actual economy of fuel-thelr high grade mater-
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c . formanoe gires you the utmost in power and the greatest value Y
ooia OH a genome guarantee j n engines you* money can buy. Compact and hare balanced valves. ’
If you will make a comparison with any o^bor engine, you \
Will find Its superiority at once. All these are things to look
for-that count In buying an engine.
Don’t buy an engine nntil you have Investigated the Cole.
Write today for catalogue and fall lnformatloipYegarding oui
special engine offer. Do this now.
R. D. COLE MANUFACTURING QO., Box K NEWNAN, GA.
BOOK
FREE
Railroad Watch
tfm«k«eperm4 ftillygxu , ...
with 98 CENTS w*tob will be lent by retaro msU poet palA
Bariifiction guaranteed or mo&ey refunded. 8eod 08c today. Addrees
K. E. CHALMERS & CO., 538 St. Dearborn St, CHICAGO.
VICTOR BERGER CHANGES
VIEW ON LABOR TROUBLE
(By Associated Press.)
CHARLESTON, W. Va., May 24.—Eu
gene V. Debs, Socialist leader, former
Congressman Victor Berger and Adolph
Germer, of Illinois, accompanied John
Moore, a labor leader representing
Governor Hatfield and Paul J. Paulson,
member of the International board of
the United Mine Workers, into the
Paint and Cabin creek coal fields to
day.
Mr. Berger In a statement said:
"I have an entirely different impres
sion to the one I previously had toward
the West Virginia exeputive and his
atitude tow rd the working man.”
Mr. Berger told the governor, "You
hr/ve been placed in a false light. I
have said some harsh things of you
Li print but now I will correct them.”
Much date. and information was laid
before the leaders by the government.
Farmer’s Favorite $1^2
The Three Lead ing Papers
for only One Dollar
and this pair of
Gold Handled Shears
FREE
*
Sign your name and ad
dress to Coupon below and
send to us withOne Dollar
and we will send you
FOB SAIjE
SEED PEANUTS
Large running, 85c per
bushel.
B. C. BAZEMORE,
Windsor, N. C.
Nancy Hall and Triumph
Plants—$1.25 per 1,000.
Can Ship At Once. T. K.
G-odbey, Waldo, Fla.
"Uncle Joe" Returns
WASHINGTON, May 24.—"Uncle Joe”
Canpot returned today and visited the
halls where onc^e he was mighty in coun
cil,
I,ike Hungry Wolves. Fill your Nets
Traps or Trot Lines if you bait with
MAGIC-FISH-LURE.
Best bait ever used for attractin';
all kinds of fish. Write for price
list to-day and get a box to help
introduce it. Agents wanted.
J. F. GREGORY,
Dept, 2 St. Louis, Mo,
18
Months
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Home and Farm 12 Months
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