Newspaper Page Text
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THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA., FRIDAY, JUNE 13, 1913.
A
r
I
AGRICULTURAL
rVr Education
^ ~ A ^ D Successful Tahmin%-
SSSiEEs $ A NDfiE w 7^. |>ouix
T/m /ft'partmcnl will chcerjullp enttear/u to /urnis/t <rnj/ imcrmation.
l etters should be addressed to Dr. Andrew M. Soule, president Stats
Agricultural College, Athens, Oa.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF THE SILO
A good silo is indispensable on every
stock farm. This is equally as true
of the south as of any other section
of 'the country. Unfortunately, a mild
open winter has led the southern
stockman to believe that it is not as
necessary for him to provide an abun
dance of food for the winter as is the
case in the colder latitudes. In this,
however, he is mistaken, for unless
animals, especially young- ones. are
fed properly and kept growing uni
formly they become stunted and it
takes all of the next summer for
them to recover from the effects of
the improper feeding and malnutrition
to which they were subjected the pre
vious winter. The man interested in
either beef or dairy animals will find
it to his immediate advantage to pro
vide some form of cheap, wholesome
and easily digested winter feed, and
after all the experiments and investi
gations which have been conducted,
the silo stands out as the most effi
cient and cheap means of storing and
preserving in a satisfactory form a
winter substitute for grass.
Which type of silo to build is an
important problem with all who are
interested in this question. Of course,
a variety of structures may be erected,
but only a round silo should now be
built, this form having clearly dem
onstrated its superiority over that ot
any other which has been utilized up
to the present time. Several types of
round silos may be constructed. For
instance, one may build a stave silo.
The staves may be made from long
leaf pine, white pine or cypress. A
round stave silo property built will
last for a good many years, and will
prove entirely satisfactory, as we
know 'from an extended experience. A
round silo may also*be constructed by
lining it inside and outside with split
fencing, giving it very much the ap
pearance of having been weather-
boarded. Of course, acid proof paper
must be used in this instance and two
linings put on the inside so as to
break joints. his is quite an expen
sive type of structure to erect and we
do not think as satisfactory in view
of the high cost of lumber as some of
the modified forms of concrete silo
now being so extensively eercted with
such satisfactory results.
Where concrete is employed several
types of structures may be built. For
instance, a solid concrete or monolithic
silo .may be constructed. This is
rather an expensive type and difficult
to build without employing special
forms which are costly to purchase.
Cement blocks have been used to some
extent, the idea being to leave open
air spaces in the hollow blocks. Some
of these silos are quite satisfactory,
but we do not think will be found so
desirable as the modified form of ce
ment silo now being utilized quite ex
tensively in various parts of the
south, and which is known as the
“concrete silo on metal lath.” Quite
a number of these silos have been
erected in Georgia in recent years, and
they have proven very satisfactory.
The cost of erection has not been ex
cessive; in fact, probably not greater
if as great as that of a stave silo,
and certainly less expensive than a
solid concrete strtucture. It is pos
sible that a silo of this type would
not be found satisfactory north ot
the Ohio river where the winters are
extremely cold,, but it qertainly can
be used to the best advantage in the
south as we know fr^m actual obser
vation and experience.
•Naturally, in building a silo of any
type, it is desirable to have good
height above the ground. As one must
have machinery to fill the silo, it is
a very easy matter to secure a little
additional power and elevate the silage
ten to fifteen feet higher, and it is
much cheaper in proportion to build a
silo thirty or thirty-five feet apove
the foundation rather than only two-
thirds of this height. Of course, the
inside diameter of the silo and its
general height will be governed some
what by local* conditions and by the
number of animals to be provided for.
The writer does not recollect in a long
experience of ever having seen a silo
which was too large as to capacity. In
fact, nearly all of these structures
are too small to provide the quantity
of feed which could be used to advan
tage.
The foundation of the silo should be
very carefully constructed. It should,
as a rule, be about four feet high on
the inside. A heavy concrete wall,
thoroughly reinforced, is desirable, and,
of course, the superstructure should be
attached by rods so as to anchor it
properly to the foundation. The foun
dation need not be over two feet above
the ground on the outside. The silo
should be located as conveniently to the
barn as possible. It may be situated
in the middle of an extremely long barn
or at one end of a relatively short
one. It is important to construct it so
the feed can be economically handled.
In a small barn this may be done by
means of a rge flaring box mounted on
wheels. In a large barn it can be dis
tributed by a carrier which is largely
automatic in its operation.
In building a concrete silo on metal
lath, one of several kinds.of metal lath
may be used. A No. 1 galvanized iron
wire will be xound advantageous in
holding the metal lath in position until
the concrete is plastered on the inside
and the outside. Of course, sipc-inch
channel irons for the doors must be
provided, while the chute majr lfe con
structed of corrugated galvanized Iron.
Shingles may be used for the roof,
though some of the roofing material on
the market, such as tin or galvanized
i.-nn, will answer very we... The farm
er can do all the hauling with his
team when other work is not pressing.
There are wet seasons occurring every
year when farm labor can be employed
to good advantage at work of this char
acter.'
To construct a silo on metal lath
<*bout thirty or thirty-one feet high and
sixteen feet in diameter r/ill cost any
where from $325 to $375, depending
much on local conditions and the amount
of labor performed by the force main
tained on the farm. Such a structure
will call for the use of aoout forty bar
rels of cement, seventeen cubic yards
of sand, four, barrels of lime and one
bushel of hair. At least 1,000 feet of
rough lumber -"’ill be needed for the
scaffolding and other necessary carpen
ter work. The metal lath and the gal
vanized wire required will vary some
what as to cost and quantity, but about
1,600 square feet should answer the
needs In this respect. The price of this
material will vary from $120 to $140 or
thereabout. In addition some pipe,
bolts and nails will be needed. The
channel iron for the doors will cost
about $30, and the corrugated iron
sheeting from $7 to $10. The roofing
material will cost approximately $10.
The labor will vary according to the
locality, but exclusive of farm labor
will probably require twenty days’ ser
vice of masons at $4 per day. and three
days time of a carpenter at $3 a day,
with about twelve to fifteen days of
common labor at $1 a day. In other
words, the labor will cost from $100 to
$120, exclusive of that provided bv
farmer himself. Wh n one considers
that a structure of this type will house
such a large .quantity of feed and pre
serve it in excellent condition, the out
lay involved is certainly modest in pro
portion to the benefits secured In re-,
turn. No other type of structure can
be erected at anything like the same
cost which will store suen a large quan
tity of feed. A silo of the type sug
gested o a permanent investment and
should last indefinitely.
* • *
PREPARING LAND FOR ALFALFA.
W. D. H., Hartwell, Ga., writes: I
wish to prepare an acre of ^land to be
planted in alfalfa this fall I have re
cently cut a splendid yield of oats from
this land The land is a sandy loam with
clay subsoil Would you apply lime now?
Could I get the soli analyzed without much
cost? Where can I obtain alfalfa seed?
What about artificial inoculation? What
do yon think of planting sorghum before
alfalfa?
As soon as practicable break the land
in question very thoroughly, turning un
der the oat stubble as completely as
possible. Unless fhere is an unusually
heavy and persistent fall of rain, rollfhg
the land will often be advisable. This
will cause the moisture to rise to the
surface at once. Then harrow and seed
the peas with a grain drill, using a
bushel and a half to two bushels of seed
per acre. The peas should be fertilized
with 500 pounds of a 10-1-5, and inocu
late them, If practicable to do so, un
less you have grown them on this land
for several years pst with success.
Some time in the month of September
plow the peas ujider to a good depth.
This may be accomplished by rolling
and disking them previous to plowing.
A large two-horse plow should be used
to turn them under and a chain may be
attached to the coulter end of the wriffle
tree which will help to drag the mass of
vines down into the furrow. If the
fall should happen to be dry, subsoiling
the land may be of some advantage. Aft
er the land has been broken compact
and prepare a fine seed bed and scatter
two tons of pulverized raw rock over the
surface of the ground. Work this in
with the harrow. Ten days to two
weeks later fertilize with not less than
1,000 to 1,200 pounds of a formula, con
taining 10 per cent of phosphorus, 4 per
cent of nitrogen and 6 to 7 per cent of
potash. Sow 20 to 30 pounds of re
cleaned western seed which has been
properly inoculated as soon as a favor
able season is found.
Seeding in your section of the State is
best done from the 1st to 15th of Octo
ber. It would cost you $10 to $15 to
have a complete analysis of your soil
made and you would have to get this
done through the agency of a private
chemist. The acidity of the land may
be determined through the use of lit
mus paper. This is a simple test, and
you are no doubt familiar with it. Al
falfa is a most valuable crop, it being
unusually rich in protein and therefore
valuable for dairy cows and other classes
of stock. It is a difficult crop to-estab
lish**and-to maintain on land through a
series of years. Many beautiful stands
are obtained to begin with, but they
shortly disappear. You are acting wise
ly in experimenting with a small area
and learning its peculiarities. We are
glad to advise with you and to encour
age you In the cultivation of this crop,
but it is important that you should un
derstand the difficulties you will meet
in the beginning and that you should
proceed along conservative lines and fol
low those methods of practice which ex
perience has demonstrated to be es
sential in order to attain success with
this crop. There is no reason why you
should not use an artificial culture, and
you should be able to secure good seed
through any reliable seed house. The
planting of sorghum before alfalfa is
not a desirable practice, as this is too
exhaustive a crop ot the .soil. * Cowpeas
or other legumes would be preferable.
They act as a smother crop and also
gather nitrogen from the air and enrich
the soil more completely on that ac
count.
FEEDING HEAVY MILKERS.
L. M. P., Atlanta, Ga., writes: I have
two cows each with calves two weeks pld.
One formerly gave throe and a half to four
gallons of milk per day and now only
gives 2V»; the other always gave 2% and
now only gives 2 gallons a day. I give
them each 0 pounds of cotton seed weal,
16 pounds hulls, two large bundles of
wheat in ‘dough or green state, and fresh
cured clover or barley stray or hay daily.
Would like to know what is wrong with the
ration?
D* Handsome Soil
trotrsc to our —
r ffCiX. Agents
Write Today. Be the one in your
town to get this astounding tailoring
offer. An offer to give you the swelled
suit you ever saw FREE! But jou must
hurry. We want a representative in
your town right away. We will start
you In a big money-making ■ busi-
1 ness or your own—FREE! Plenty of
money and plenty of nifty clothes—for
YOU—if you write AT ONCE1 No
money nor experience necessary
WE PAY ALL EXPRESS CHARGES
Yes. we pay everything. You take no*
risk. Justtakeorders for our fine clothes
—made ot the most beautiful fabrics
and In the latest classiest styles. Keep
f your present position and make
850.00 TO 8(00.00 A WEEK
on the side; or go into the business
rightsnd mako$c,OoOto$5,OOGa year.
PARAGON clothes sell like wtldfire.
Agents swamped with orders on NEW
plan. Nothing like it anywhere
Write Tndnv for our ewsil samplosand
_ write today complete outfit for going
[ ■ right out to take orders Get our WONDERFUL
NEW OFFER right now. WE PAY ALL CHARGES. Send a poet card
NO W_whRe this great offer is still open. Don’t Relay—WRITE TODAY.
Paragon Tailoring Co., Depil 605 , Chicago, III.
mmaammmmmmyammmmmn ■ in 11 ———m
A cow that gives three gallons of
milk daily and keeps it up for ten
months in the year is doing well. You
will see at once that in such a case
;-he is yielding several thousand pounds
of milk annually. The standard for a
/rood dairy cow should be 5,000 pounds
of milk in a lactation period. I judge
from what you say that both your
animals will do as well or better than
this. Of course we may misunderstand
each other with reference to what con
stitutes a gallon. A gallon of milk
weighs approximately 8 1-2 pounds.
Your cows are thus giving from 20 to 32
pounds of milk a day. A cow that gives
over two gallons should be fed more
liberally than one which falls below
this amount. The best way for you to
handle this matter is to secure a meas
ure marked on the inside with a little
paint so that when you fill it up to a
given point you know just how many
pounds of feed it contains. Commence
by feeding your cow five or six pounds
divided into two equal feeds. Increase
the ration slightly from day to day
and see if there Is an increased flow
of milk. You can quickly determine
when you have reached the point where
it will not pay you to increase the
grain ration. Situated as you are it
would be a good policy to feed, say
one-third cotton seed meal, one-third
beet pulp and one-third wheat bran.
One to 1 1-2 pounds of grain may be
fed to a cow in heavy flow of milk per
100 pounds of live stock weight.
We would give as great a variety of
roughness as possible to these cows.
Green feed in the form of pasturage
should be provided at all seasons of
th6 year whenever practicable. In the
absence of green feed hulls, . clean,
bright stover and mixed haw, espe
cially clover hay can be fed to advan
tage. Give the cows as much rough
ness as they will eat up clean but do
not surfeit them with this material.
* * *
TROUBLE WITH STRINGY MILK.
M. R. A., Dallas, Ga., writes: We have
a fine Jersey cow that looks to be healthy
and all right and gives a fine lot of milk
and butter, but some days when we churn
the milk is all water except a little settled
In the bottom which is thick and lumpy
I would like to know how to correct this
trouble.
The altered milk secretion about
which you inquire is no doubt due to
some more or less temporary infection
of the udder of the cow in question. We
would sugges that you wash and
cleanse all vessels used in the milking
very thoroughly. To this end they
should be subjected to boiling for sever
al hours and all utensils which cannot
be so handled should be thoroughly
scoured and rinsed with boiling water
and placed in the sun for several hours
each day. The udder should be care
fully cleansed on the outside before
milking, with an antiseptic solution, say
one. part of creolin to 100 parts of
water. See that the hands are clean be
fore milking begins. If the trouble per
sists the inside of the udder should be
thoroughly disinfected with the solu
tion suggested. It should then be rinsed
out with clean water which has been
boiled and cooled before using. Be care
ful to avoid contamination. A funnel
with a rubber tube and glass tip may
be used for the injection. We think by
following the suggestions* the trouble
will disappear in a few days.
* * *
REPLANTING COTTON.
J. F. C., Fairfax, Ga., writes: I want
to know if it is too late to plant cotton.
It has bene so very dry that we have very
poor stands of cotton. Am replanting now.
If it does not rain soon what do you think
of plowing up the cotton and planting peas
for hay? Can I sow peas in the corn
middles and cut for hay. .1 want to plant
one row of sorghum and one of peas in
oat stubble for hay. We have very good
stands of corn but it is small.
You can not expect to make much of
a cotton crop by replanting after June
1. In a very exceptional season one
might do better than seems probable
at first sight. Of course in your sec
tion of the state you have a longer
growing season and frosts do not fall
so early as in the northern part and
this is quite an advantage. If you
have a good season in the ground and
can hasten the maturity of the crop
through the liberal use of phosphoric
acid, it will probably be all right for
you to try and replant a. part of your
cotton land at least. If it shctuld fail
to come on as rapidly as desirable, you
can still devote the land to peas or
peas and sorghum, and all you have
lost is the seed and the time required
to put it in the ground. The fertil
izer used under the cotton crop may
be helpful to the other crops you may
grow for hay. The advisability of
planting peas between the rows of
corn depends much on the character of
your soil and the distance apart of
your rows. Unless these are five feet
apart you will not secure much of a
growth of peas unless in an exceptional
season. If you put peas in between
the corn It is probably well to fertil
ize them with about a 10-1-5 used at
the rate of 300 pounds per acre. We
would drill them in as you stand a
much better chance of securing a uni
form stand in this way and you can
economize on the seed as well.
* * *
PLANT FOOD REMOVED BY VARI
OUS CROPS.
W. W. C.. Flowery Branch, Ga., writes:
We want to know the best balanced fer
tilizer for corn and cotton on gray and red
land. Would also like to know the amount
of plant food removed by different crops.
For cotton on lands in the vicinity of
Flowery Branch, we would suggest the
use of about an 8-3-3; if the land is
sandy, an 8-3-4; and for very sandy
soil an 8-3-5. Gray lands often differ
from red lands probably in the fact
that the iron has been leached out of
the gray soil. Often these lands do not
seem to vary greatly in their produc
ing power and we hardly think it neces
sary to use a different fertilizer for
mula for each one of these types. Some
times lands show a tendency to pro
duce an unusual amount of stalk at the
expense of fruit. In that event we
would use more phosphate and probably
1-2 to 1 per cent less nitrogen. Some
farmers prefer to use an 8-2-3 or 8-2-4
and then use some nitrogen in the form
of a top dressing. There is no objec
tion to this practice, and it often gives
good results especially on lands which
are very low In vegetable matter. On
soils in a good state of fertility we
are inclined to think that a top dress
ing is not so. essential. Certainly where
an abundance of vegetable matter has
been turned under or yard manure used
top dressings are not so important as
on thin lands. We would recommed
an application of 500 pounds per acre.
We think 300 pounds should be put un
der the drill row on thin soils and 200
pounds used as a side application. All
of the fertilizer may be put under the
drill row under soils in a high state of
cultivation. For corn on your lands
we would be inclined to recommend a
9-3.5-4; on sandy lands use 5 per cent
of potash. If you have observed on
any of your soils a tendency to grow
stalk at the expense of grain, use as
much as 10 per cent of phosphorus and
not over 3 per cent of nitrogen. The
same suggestions refer to corn.
As pr your request, I give you below
the amount of plant food removed by
different crops:
Nitrogen Phosphoric Potash
Crop—Yield per acre.
lbs.
acid lbs.
lbs.
Cabbage—15 tons ...
. .100
35
135
Clover—1.5 tons .. ..
. . 00
14
Ofl
Corn—30 bu. with stover 45
15
46
Cotton—300 lbs. lint
with seed .
. . . 21
7
10
Oats—30 bu. with straw 28
10
24
Pen nut p—40 bu. nuts.
0
8
Rve—15 bu. with straw 25
14
22
Potatoes—100 bushels
. . 17
10
34
Timothy—1.5 tons ..
.. 38
15
45
Tobacco—1,000 libs.
of
leaf
.. 00
8
80
Tomatoes—5 tons ...
...10
10
28
Wheat—15 bu. with
straw.. ..
... 23
12
14
DAKOTAS AMD 0BJIBWAYS
WILL VIVIFY HIAWATHA
NEW YORK, June 12.—One hundred
and fifty Dakota and Objibway Indians
front the Lake Erie reservation will
vivify LongTellow’s version of the leg
end of Hiawatha twice a day from to
day until July 9, in the woods and
fields near Vancertlandt park. The ab
original actors include a squaw of nine
ty years to portray the old Nokomis
and a papoose strapped to a board will
represent the infant Hiawatha.
The pagenat is under the direction
of the Woman’s Municipal league and
is given for the benefit of tenement im
provement, public playgrounds and for
educational purposes. Among promi
nent honorary committee members of
the league are Colonel and Mrs. Theo
dore Roosevelt, Mr. and Mrs. Seth Low
and District Attorney and Mrs. Whit
man.
HOW TO MAKE THE BEST
USE OF WHEAT STRAW
Burning wheat straw is a bad prac
tice and one that cannot be justified.
Yet the product from a great many
thousand acres are thus destroyed each
season. In other instances it is al
lowed to lie and rot in p^les where
threshed. This is not quite as waste
ful, as one spot is improved, but this
really amounts to very little in keep
ing up the fertility of the place. In
selling straw the soil suffers just as
if it is burned, but the profit from the
sale may justify the loss. However,
there should be several dollars profit
above expenses to pay for the loss of
plant food and vegetable matter in each
ton.
At the outset it can be decided em
phatically that the straw should not be
disposed of according to the first two
methods, by burning and by allowing to
rot in a heap. It may be sold when
the net profit pays for plant food and
vegetable matter that it contains. In
addition to the two wrong ways under
all conditions and the one wrong way
under certain conditions there are sev
eral right ways. The best way to use
straw is for bedding stock in the barn.
Another good UBe is to spread on the
land and to pile in washes. Under cer
tain conditions it may be fed to good
advantage.
The farmer who .burns wheat straw
and does not bed his stock well at all
times is wasting an opportunity to
make money and hence is wasting
money. The straw has a manurial value
about as great as average manure from
a plant food standpoint, and when it is
properly mixed in the barn with tho
droppings and saturated with the urine
it has practically as great a value as
an equal amount of straight manure.
Thus burning the straw that could be
used in bedding stock at a reasonable
rate is almost equal to wasting as many
pounds of manure. The plant food in
a ton is worth from $2.50 to $3.00.
This does not take into account the
vegetable matter which is often worth
as much more to the land. This
does probably give the straw a greater
apparent value than could be realized
by spreading it on the land, but when
properly mixed with manure by using it
as bedding it does have a value of $2.50
to $5 per ton. This is based on the re
sults of tests with manure in produc
ing farm crops. The Ohio experiment
station, found by test that manure had
a value of the above figures in raising
grajns, grasses and clovers.
Straw has a value as bedding that is
greater than its manurial value. It ab
sorbs liquid manure and prevents loss.
The liquid part is worth as much as the
solid part of manure and is needed to
make more available the whole. Some
of the liquid is lost in any stable unless
the floor is water tight, but the loss is
greatest when no bedding is used and
the droppings are cleaned out often.
By the right use of bedding a large
part of the valuable liquid can be saved.
The credit of this saving belongs to the
straw. Just what it is worth as an ab
sorbent and as a manure is difficult to
say, but certainly far too much to be
wasted by burning or by allowing to
rot in heaps or to sell for a low price.
Straw has a value as a manure when
spread on the land from the thresher
or from the stack. This has been
proven by tests at experiment stations
and by practical farmers.
When spread on land subject to wash
ing it helps wonderfully in holding the
soil. When it decays it adds to the
fertility* By this double service it
often makes possible the securing of
clover on washed places where a stand
would not be secured without any
treatment. Sometimes the best catch
of clover in the field is on the barren
spots that have been treated with a
moderate coat of wheat straw.
Some few farmers practice spreading
straw lightly over rye or oates to in
sure a stand of .clover. Usually it will
increase the yield of grain although its
use on ,wheat is attended with more
uncertainty.
A good place to spread the straw to
manure corn or other summer crops is
on wheat or other grain stubble land as
soon as practicable after threshing. If
a green manure crop is to precede the
corn or other cultivated crop, the straw
might be plowed under if the soil is
full of moisture, and if several weeks
are to intervene between plowing under
the straw and planting the green ma
nure crop. Often the better way would
be to spread the straw over the crop
after it is sown in the fall, especially
on the thin places and where most lia
ble to wash. The rains soon settle the
straw down close to the ground and
here it keeps moist much of the time
and begins decaying. By the time it
has lain on the ground three to six
months it has decayed enough that it
rots very quickly after
under.
The feeding value of straw is very
low. There is some nutriment in it, but
this is so hard to get out that often
the total value is lost. However, when
fed wisely some straw may be used to
good advantage. Cattle that are being
carried through the winter on a main
tenance ration or a little better can
profitably use some. Horses on light
work or idle horses may be fed a part
ration of straw. In fact, in some sec
tions bright straw is the main rough-
age for horses. When this is the case
the grain ration must be very nutri
tious and rich in muscle making mate
rial. Sometimes cattle are allowed to
run around a straw stack for their liv
ing through the winter. If they are
not too young they will always survive,
but lose flesh and go on the grass
looking rough and thin. As a make
shift it may be used, but should not be
the entire ration if better hay can be
supplied for a part of the feed—L. R.
Neel, in Southern Agriculturist.
Fine Burbank Potatoes
Are Selling in Chicago
At 16 1-2 Cents Bushel
CHICAGO, June 10.—The high cost of
living received a jolt yesterday when
old white Burbank potatoes were offer
ed in Chicago at 16 1-2 cents a bushel,
the lowest price in the memory of local
dealers. A year ago these potatoes
were selling at $1.00 anfl $1.15 a bush
el. The potatoes offered yesterday
were shipped from Minnesota at a time
when the maraet price was Detween 80
and 90 cents. The consignees put the
price down to 40, 30. 20 and finally to
16 1-2 cents, which barely paid the
freight charges, but still there were no
takers.
Consumers are paying 18 and 20 cents
a peck to retailers for old potatoes
and sales to the public by shippers in
the railroad yards were planned today.
SAYS FIRST CAR RIDE
COST HER JUST $19.55
NEW YORK, June 12.—Marionetti
Madia found that her first street car
ride in this country cost her $19.55, ac
cording to her complaint to the police.
She and two other immigrant girls just
off a steamer from Italy ventured to
board a cross-town car last night. Two
girls offered Italian silver for their
fares and it was accepted while Mari
onetti declares she handed the conduc
tor a gold piece worth $20 and re
ceived only forty-five cents change.
An interested man passenger believed
the girls protests and helped to cause
the arrest of the conductor, William
Curtin, who is held on a charge of
larceny.
CULTIVATING THE CORN
CROP FOR BEST RESULTS
The more intelligent and progressive
farmers are ready to give heed to, any
practical suggestion regarding the best
methods of crop culture. On the other
hand, the nonprogressive class of farm
ers are satisfied with the information
they already possess on culture and care
of growing crops, and fail to appreciate
the importance of a study of soil man
agement and the intricacies entering into
its manipulation.
The crop which should now receive the
farmers’ closest attention is the * corn
crop.- It has reached a period in its
growth when a mistake made in its cul
ture would result in heavy loss. The
farmer can illy afford to make mistakes
in the cultivation of any of his crops,
but it is specially important that none
be made in the culture of his corn crop.
There is not enough corn raised In this
state to supply home demands and the
acreage yield is entirely too low. It
should be the aim of every farmer to
increase his crop of corn by increasing
the acreage yield. This can be easily
done if the farmer will adopt and follow
practical methods of culture.
The cultivation of the corn crop should
begin with the preparation of the land.
A proper seed bed Is essential to proper
germination of the seed. Proper germina
tion is essential to a good stand. The
land properly prepared and a good stand
of corn should be followed by proper
management of the soil. The latter is
as important as the former.
The corn crop is too far advanced for
us to offer any suggestion regarding its
earliest treatment. But its culture from
this time to maturity is worth consider
ing. The corn plant has an extensive
root system. These roots do not pene
trate deep into the soil. It can readily
be seen what would happen to these
roots if the soil was plowed deep at this
stage of the crop’s development. The
plow or cultivator should not be per
mitted to enter the soil deeper than is
necessary to destroy the young weeds
and grass and to form a soil mulch. It
is a mistaken idea that corn should only
be plowed to kill the weeds and grass.
It is necessary that this be done, but
the prime object of culture should be
to aerate the soil to keep up a soil
mulch, to conserve the soil waters and
to make the plant food vailable to the
plant. Conserving the moisture in the
soil not only supplies the corn rootlets
with water, but this moisture mhkes so
luble the plant food, enabling the little
rootlets to absorb it, thus keeping the
plant in vigorous condition.
Air and water are necessary to the
growth of all plants. They not only
contribute to their substance, but reduce
organic matter to its mineral elements
and a soluble condition by effecting a
disintegrating and solvent action on the
mineral particles that the soil contains.
Consequently the more the surface of
the soil is broken and stirred, the more
moisture is absorbed by it, and the more
the circulation of the air is affected by
it. Frequent stirring of the soil also
hastens maturity.
We have stated that the corn plant
has an extensive fibrous root system.
These roois should never be u.sturU
by cultivation. A system of* culture that
destroys these fibrous roots is a vicious
system. Plant physiologists tell us that
each of these fibrous roots support a
large number of root hairs whose mis
sion is to absorb water with the fdod.
materials it contains. That these root
hairs greatly increase the absorbing
surface of the roots, just as leaves in
crease the absorbing surface of the plant
above ground. These hair roots are but
elongated cells. As the corn roots ad
vance through the soil by growth, new
root hairs are formed and the old ones
perish so that only the young and tender
part of the growing roots possess these
root hairs. These root hairs are the
plant’s feeders. Without them there can'
be no life and vigor in a plant. Destroy
ing them devitalizes the plant to the ex
tent oft he number of destroyed. It
can be readily understood then how im
portant that in cultivating the corn crop
none of these root hairs be disturbed.
We have often seen a promising corn
crop destroyed by deep culture at the
"laying by” plowing. It takes some time
for lacerated and cut rootlets to recover
and form new root hairs. If a dry sea
son should follow a deep plowing of a
corn crop the yield will be greatly re
duced.
A mere stirring of the surface soil is
all that will be necessary in corn culture
after the plant is once thoroughly estab
lished. If this system of corn culture is
adopted by the Texas corn growers the
corn yield will be greatly increased and
the labor of production lessened. AL
will admit that these things are desira
ble.
8,000 Business Men
Become Road Makers
And Build Highway
ALPENA, Mich., June 12—Eight thou
sand business and professional men and
farmers In northeastern Michigan yes
terday made road laborers of themselves
and constructed more than 250 miles of
roadway between Bay City and Macki
naw City. Where there had been at
sunrise mile after mile of corduroy road,
sand holes and swamps, nightfall found
un almost unbroken stretch of graveled
highway.
The new road forms a part of the
state highway from Detroit to Macki
naw City. The section built yesterday
passes through forty-eight townships in
the counties of Bay Arenac, Ogemaw,
Iosco, Alpena, Alcona, Presque Isle and
Cheboygan.
Four thousand teams and 750 auto
mobiles participated in the great bee.
The women of the country also did a
share of the work, 2,500 of them being
engaged in the task of feeding tho
workers.
Butter contains water and salt
Cottolene
is 100% shortening
GRIFFIN PATRONS ASK
PROTECTION FROM TRAINS
Petition Says Trains Arrive on
Three Parallel Tracks at
Same Time
(Special IDispatch to The Journal.)
GRIFFIN, Ga., June 12—The situation
regarding the safety of people alighting
from trains at the Griffin depot has
reached such an acute stage that a peti
tion has been sent in by the citizens of
Griffin, to the railroad commission, in
which the request is made that the com
mission force the railway company to
provide protection.
At the depot at 9 o’clock every morn
ing three passenger trains are discharg
ing and receiving passengers at the same
time.
Only a day or so ago Miss Bessie Greer,
aged sixteen, was caught between the
Southern and Central tracks, when trains
were moving on each track, and knocked
unconscious by the Southern train. •
When you buy butter for
cooking purposes, you are
paying for 25% waterand salt;
you get but 75% real shorten
ing value. In Cottolene you
get 100% shortening.
Cottolene costs much less
than good butter—and gives
just as good results in short
ening and frying. Cottolene
is as cheap or cheaper than
lard—gives better results —
and is absolutely healthful,
which is more
than can be
said of lard.
Cottolene is I
economical, I
because one-
third less is re
quired than of
either butter
or lard.
THE N. K. FAIRBANK COMPANY
Fish Bite
Like Hungry Wolves. Fill your Net*
r Trot Lines If you bait with
. lives. Fill
Traps or Trot Lines if yoi
Magic-fish-litre,
Best bait, ever used for
est bait, ever used for attracting
all kinds of fish. Write for price
list to-day and get a btox to help
k introduce It. Agents wanted.
*1. F. GREGORY,
Dept, fl St. Louts, Mo*
BUGGIES
CENTURY BUGGIES are built lor hard service. The best of material
and workmanship used throuf bout—crety detail of construction and finlih
rigidly inspected and teited. Every Vehicls Guaranteed lor 3 Year#.
We Sell Direct to the Veer—cut out all middlemens
profits and save you $25.00 to $45.00. _ _
' EASY PAYMENTS ON ALL VEHICLES
V Pay for your buggy while you use it.
Butty ahewn here—triple auto scat, latest model, highest quality—
retail value $100.00 to $125.00. Our prices range from $29.50 up;
$10.00 down and $5.00 a month—guaranteed to please or your
money back. Write for Freight Paid Prices.
Year credit is good—write for Fata cataloja allowing full line
of Bu||ies, Surreys and Farm Wa|oos. We make a fine ling of
HARNESS—and tell 1» at lowest price. A *v for Catalog.
CENTURY MANUFACTURING C0.,DepU34, East St. Louis.m.
or Dept. 334, 200 Fifth Ate., Njw York Citv.
3L
3YEAR GUARANTEE
AVIATORS BEGIN RACE
FOR THE_P0MMERY CUP
PARIS, June 12.—The leading- French
aviators started this morning in the
competition for the semi-annual pom-
mery cup, whicji goes to the aviator
making the longest flight across coun
try from sunrise to sunset on the day
during which period he may stop as
often as he likes to replenish fuel.
Marcel G. Brindepone des Moulinas
ascended at dawn from Villacoublay,
near Paris, and flew in the direction of
Wadsaw, Russian Poland, while Ernest
Francois Guillaux left Biarritz on the
Spanish frontier at the same time, fly
ing in a northerly direction.
Cartridges for the National
Shoot
As a result of the tests recently con
ducted by the Government Board of Ex
perts to select the ammunition to be used
at the coming big International shoot to
be held at Camp Perry in August and
September, Winchester rifle and revolver
cartridges have added another big tri
umph to their long list. On account of
their superior shooting in the 300 Meter
test, Winchester rifle cartridges will be
used by the expert riflemen of the world
who take part in the International
Matches, and Winchester revolver car
tridges will be tised in the National
Matches to be held about the same time.
In the tests of revolver ammunition, Win
chester cartridges not only outshot all
other makes, but made a new World’s
Record for accuracy.—(Advt.)
AGENTS $24 A WEEK
It. M. King Mad* $46 in 6 Days
An
engine^ ^
best adapted
for your work is the^ „
engine you can depend ^
on—capable of heavy and ^
steady work every day and""
with less upkeep in cost.
Cola’s JSnginec are the result of more than ImT* _
years experience and sucoese. Their wonderful dur-^ _
ability-actual economy ot fuel-their high grade mater- _
ial--skilled workm anehlp-tbelr constant and reliable per-^ _
Said am a menu me guarantee /ornMwae# fires you the utmost In power and the neatest Ta i u ^
* * jnengines your mdney can buy. Compact and hare balanced valves. ’
If you will make a comparison with any other engine, you Y
,wlll find its superiority at once. All these are things to look 1
for-that count In buying an engine.
Don’t buy an engine until you have Investigated the Cole. \
Write today for catalogue and full information regarding out
special engine offer. Do this now.
R. D. COLE MANUFACTURING CO.,
BIG
BOOK
FREE
Box K
NEWNAN, GA..
98 cents
To advertise oor buaintM, make new friend* end Introduce our greet eels
logueof Elfin watches we will seud till* elegant watch to any audryss bj
, mail postpaid for Only ®8 oonie. Regular gentlemen'e else, open fees
full engraved, high grade gold plate finish, Arabic or Roman dial, lever es
oepement, stem wind and stem set, a marvelously correct timekeeper ant
/fully Guaranteed for 6 Years. Bend this advertisement to us with youf
name and address and 88 cents and watch will be eent by return mall poe#
'paid. Satisfaction guaranteed or money rofunded. Remember, 98 cents is post
' >ly all you have to pay for this wonderful watch. Send 98 cents today. Addresf
E.CHALMERS & CO. 688 So. Dearborn St. CHICAGO
IS IN ONE
Foreed steel. Patented. Low priced. Sells to auto
owners, farmers, mechanics in the shops and tho home.
Not sold in stores. No competition. Sales easy. Big
profits. Ten-inch sample to workers. Write at once.
THOMAS TOOL CO., 2383 West Sf., Dayton, Ohm
[ will lendyou a VIC 1'OR
Talking Machine ~
orVlCTSOLA
em for a trial in your own home. You need not 9-nd me E
•:.c cent. I will rend you a genuine) Victor or Victrola f
one you may choose from ny complete Free cat&- {
I 11 if after trial you decide to keep it, I will sell it to you I
o lcrm3 of my rr.;y payment plan, and for not one cent g
more than you would pay for a cash purchase. If you de- 1
cide that you don’t want it jnct notify me and K
k send it back at ny expense. The rir!: 13 r.M. v
mine. I trust you. Write to-day for my f
proposition. p EX£R GOODWIN, Pres., |
Goodwin Mercantile Co.,
£19 ectnrv Bldv. , c ». |,asU. Mo. |
it
Farmer’s Favorite $1^2
The Three Leading Papers
for only One Dollar
and this pair of
Gold Handled Shears
FREE
Sign your name and ad
dress to Coupon below and
send to us withOne Dollar
and we will send you
THE SEMI- IQ „ ,
WEEKLY JOURNAL *0 Months
Tb. Blffg-.it B.w.paper In tbs South.
Home and Farm 12 Months
Th« Biggest and Old.it Farm Journal
In th. south.
Woman’s World Magazine 12 Months
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