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THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA.. FRIDAY, JULY 11, 1913.
AGRICULTURAL
Education
Successful fARMiN%-
s^EPAiMwftSouil
This department will cheerfully endeavor to furnish any Information.
Letters should be addressed to Dr. Andrew U. Soule, president Stats
Agricultural CoUege. Athens. Go.
CULTIVATING THE COWPEA
Few crops can be grown to greater
advantage by the southern farmer than
the cowpea. Its one great advantage
lies in its universal adaptability to dif
ferent soils and climatic conditions
prevailing in a country of such wide
extent as is comprised in the southern
states. Given a fair chance this'crop
is equally at home in the coastal
plains and in the elevated table lands
of the Piedmont section. It does well
on clay loam and sandy soils provid
ed proper care is exercised in its culti
vation. At this season of the year
thousands of acres of land are being
seeded to cowpeas. and it is impor
tant that the farmer give consideration
to certain factors concerning the man
agement of the crop which will deter
mine in large measure the results of
his harvest.
In the first place, the land should
be prepared with care, which means
that in most cases it,will pay to plow
it. There is a prevailing opinion that
simply disking the land or scratching
it over in any sort of a way so as to
cover the peas into the ground is all
that is necessary. Observation now
extending over a period of twenty years
shows that results from this method
are very unsatisfactory in about nine
years out of ten. The broadcasting
of cowpeas is also to be condemned.
The chances are that about one-half
to two-thirds of a stand will be ob
tained and crab grass, ragweed and
various other plants will occupy the
balance of the land. The hay derived
from the crop will be dirty and unsat
isfactory,. and moreover, when fed to
live stock it simply results in filling
the manure full of weed seeds which
makes the cutivation of other crops the
more difficult.
The wise farmer will therefore pre
pare his land for peas by breaking it
thoroughly. The work may be done rap
idly as deep plowing is probably not
essential or advisable at this season
of the year. A gang plow can be used
to great advantage on a farm where
there is an adequate amount of horse
or mule power. On the smaller farm
the turning plow must of necessity be
relied upon. As soon as the land is turn- j
ed it is important that it be harrowed :
so as to secure a fine level surface and ,
prevent the escape of moisture. Har
rowing will be a great advantage when
the time of cutting arrives, as all know
from expperience who have tried to cut
peas on rough. Seed the peas pre
ferably in drills. Any planter in
which the plate has been properly ad
justed may be used for this purpose.
When sown in rows twenty-four inches
apart a bushel of seed will be sufficient.
If planted with a grain drill in rows,
say 8 to 16 inches apart, more seed
should be used. Peas are frequently
sown after oats, and if a good yield
has been obtained the land should be
fairly well fertilized, for while oats
are not a hard crop on the land, they
are likely to utilize most of the read
ily available plant food in the surface
area of the soil. Peas are different
from oats in that they require more of
the mineral constituents as phosphorus
and potash. If grown on land which
is . properly inoculated they can gather
their own nitrogen from the air. It
sown on land where they have not been
cultivated before artificial inoculation
with soil or with a specially prepared
culture is often desirable. When sown
on land low in nitrogen a little of this
element can often be put in the fer
tilizer to some advantage, say 1 per
On all soils potash should be used
with a fair degree of liberality, and
especially is this true of loamy and
sandy soil. An examination of some
of the type soils of Georgia shows that
our sandy lands in particular are very
tow in potash, and undoubtedly this is
frequently a limiting factor in the pro
duction of a satisfactory crop of cow
peas, whether grown for hay or for
grain In our own experience an appli
cation of 300 pounds of an 8-1-4 has
proven advantageous on clay soils. On
sandy lands a 9-1-6 or 9-1-7 will prob
ably be a good formula to use. Mini
mum applications for clay lands will
' run from 200 to 400 pounds per acre,
and for sandy lands from 300 to 500
pounds. The fertilizer should be put
in the soil when the crop is seeded, as
there is no way to apply it advan
tageously to cow peas later in the
growing season, and, moreover, the
crop should be given as much time as
possible to utilize the plant food con
stituents applied in commercial form.
The nitrogen used may be ^ de
rived front one of several sources on
the market. The cheapest form should
generally be selected, other things
being equal. The phopshoric acid may
be derived from either mineral or an
imal by-products such as bone or an-
make little difference as to whether
muriate, kainit or other forms of
potash be selected for this crop.
In cultivating cow' peas it will often
be found advantageous to apply lime
in the form of the finely pulverized
rock, sav at the rate of one ton per
acre. The lime should be broadcasted
over the ground as soon as it -is plowed
and worked in with a harrow. It is best
to let a few days elapse before seed
ing the peas, and certainly before the
application of commercial fertilizer.
Lime of itself is only an indirect plant
food, though it may and often does
supply calcium, which is an essential
element of growing crops. Particularly
is this true of legumes, and hence,
where lime is applied in the rotation, it
can often be used to the best advan
tage on a crop such as cow peas. Lime
also helps to sweeten the soil and
favors the growth and development of
the bacteria, which live in the little
nodules on the root sof leguminous
crops and enable them to assimilate
the nitrogen which they need out of the
air. It is for this reason that legumes
are so important as soil builders, and
it emphasizes why this crop should be
so widelv cultivated throughout the
south. Even where the farmer finds
he has an abundance of roughness, he
rhould still lend every effort to seed-
vne as much of his land as possible to
cow peas. In fact, this crop should be
planted up to the 15th of July as a
means of covering the soil, enriching
It and preparing it the better for seed
ing to some fall cover crop such as one
of the cereals or some of the winter
growing legumes might constitute.
LATE APPLICATIONS OF FERTI
LIZER TO COTTON.
M. B., Stephens, Ga.. "writes: tVe wish
to know if it will pay to apply some guano
to our cotton now. The land was well
broken with a two-horse plow, opened out
with a two-horse middle breaker, the furrow
being about half filled with manure. We
put a subsoil plow in as dep as we could
run it. We then put in 400 pounds of an
8-3-3 guano and planted the cotton on the
level. We were late in getting a stand but
it tis growing off nicely now. How much
fertilizer would you use In a side applica
tion?
M/snij HARVESTER with Binder Attach-
OwAwjW ment cuts and throws in piles on
harvester or winrow. Man and horse cuts and
shocks equal with a corn Binder. Sold in every
state. Trice *‘-’0.00. W. H. BUXTON, of Johns
town. Ohio, writes: “The Harvester has proven
all you claim for it; the Harvester saved me
over *25.00 In labor last year’s corn cutting. I
cut over 500 shocks: will make 4 bushels corn
to a shock.” Testimonials and catalog free,
showing pictures of harvester. Address NEW
PROCESS MEG. 00., Salina, Kansas
The preparation given your land is
certainly to be commended, and you
used a very good grade of fertilizer
for soils of the type in question. The
fact that yqu prepared this land well
and your cotton, even though late, is
now growing off nicely, shows that the
seed bed is in excellent condition. So
long as favorable weather conditions
pertain and your cotton continues to
grow rapidly, it would hardly seem
advisable to use additional fertilizer.
Probably, however, about the first of
July if the weather should turn dry, a
little additional fertilizer will be help
ful, and we would suggest that you try
200 pounds per acre as a side applica
tion. This may be put on close to the
drill row or scattered down the mid
dles and worked well into the surface
soil with a cultivator. We would sug
gest that in a side application you use
if practicable about an 8-4-4. We think
it rather important that nitrogen in
creases the yield of both corn and cot
ton, though it also runs up the cost.
We are studying this question now on
the test plats located in a large number
of counties throughout the state and
hope to have some definite advice to
offer in the future. We think our soils
are not dissimilar to those you are cul
tivating. We have applied our side ap
plications somewhat earlier as a rule,
than suggested in this instance, but we
appreciate the fact that the crop is
late this year.
* * *
OAT STRAW AS A ROUGHAGE.
G. B., Augusta, Ga., writes: I would
like some information as to the relative
value of oat straw as a roughage as "com
pared with our native grasses.
Oat straw contains the following di
gestible nutrients: Dry matter 90.8
per cent, crude protein 1.3 per cent,
carbohydrates 39.5 per cent, fat 8 per
cent. Oat straw is richer in protein
than the straw derived from other
cereals. It also contains more fat and
about the same relative proportion of
carbohydrates. Bermuda grass contains
6.4 per cent of digestible protein, 44.9
per cent of carbohydrates and 1.6 per
cent of fat. Johnson grass contains
2.9 per cent of protein, 45.6 per cent
of carbohydrates and 8 per cent of fat.
Oat hay, that is, including the grain
cut when in the late dough stages con
tains 4.7 per cent of protein, 36.7 per
cent of carbohydrates and 1.7 per cent
of fat. Orchard grass hay contains
4.9 per cent of crude protein, 42.4 per
cent of carbohyrates and 1.4 per cent
of fat. Timothy cut when in Tull bloom
contains 3.4 per cent of protein, 43.3 per
cent of carbhoydrates and 1.4 per cent
of fat.
This will give you some idea of the
relative merits of oat straw and the hay
derived from some of the more import
ant of the tame grasses. You will see
that while there is not wide variation
in the per cent of carbohydrates, there
is considerable difference in the fat and
quite a marked difference in the pro
tein content. As horses are rather mus
cular animals and require a consider
able amount of protein in their ration,
and as this must be derived from foods
which are not too bulky in character
owing to the rather limited capacity of
the digestive organs of the horse, you
will see that the hay from the tame
grasses would be preferable to oat
straw. Of course, oat straw could be
used in moderate amounts as a filler in
a sense, but Its value as a foodstuff
would be determined largely by Its cost.
* * *
ESTABLISHING ALFALFA.
A. C. S., Waycross, Ga., writes: I would
like all tho information you can give me in
regard to the starting and care of alfalfa.
My lnad Is in splendid state of cultivation
and free of weeds. The litmus test shows
the need of lime. Can I get inoculated soil
In this state or would bacteria from Wash
ington do as well? The land is fairly well
drained 1 and is of the Norfolk or Portsmouth
fine sand type.
In our experience the successful culti
vation of alfalfa depends on putting the
land in thorough condition before plant
ing and exercising unusual care and
skill in its management thereafter. Al
falfa is a splendid crop and should be
grown wherever possible, as it is very
rich in digestible nutrients and may be
substituted in a measure for such a fine
concentrate as wheat corn. It is a dif
ficult crop to grow In the southeastern
states. The last census indicates that
it was only being grown on 182 farms,
out of 291.000 In the state and a little
over 1,000 tons were produced that year,
worth $10,000. We have a very fine test
plat of alfalfa on the farm. Our meth
od of preparing the land was to plow
it deeply, subsoil thoroughly, lime free
ly, Inoculate the land artificially, and
then fertilize liberally. This land was
prepared for planting to alfalfa through
the turning under of a heavy crop of
cowpeas. We would suggest that you
sow cowpeas on the land immediately,
turning them under in September. Use
on the cowpeas not less than 500 pounds
of a 10-1-5 formula. After the peas are
turned under apply finely ground lime
stone rock at the rate of two tons per
acre. The lime should be scattered and
harrowed Into the surface of the ground.
Then secure the best recleaned western
seed possible and sow at the rate of
25 pounds per acre after having inocu
lated it with a special culture which
you can secure from the United States
department of agriculture, Washington,
D. C. Fertilize the land with 1,000
pounds of a 10-4-7. About ten days
should elapse between putting on the
lime and fertilizer. We would seed the
alfalfa whenever there was a favorable
season during the fall of the year,
though it is probably best not to seed
before the 1st to 15th of October. If
you secure a good stand the alfalfa may
be cut for hay the next year. One of
the great troubles in growing alfalfa
successfully in Georgia is to keep crab
grass in check. One can often secure a
fine stand and may get good crops for a
year or two; then the crab grass and
other weeds creep in and the alfalfa be
gins to die out and presently the stand
has become so poor as to necessitate
the breaking up of the land and reseed
ing or its devotion to other crops. In
our experience here at Athens, liming,
gubsoiling and inoculating with proper
fertilization gave a yield from the first
cutting of 1.8 tons of alfalfa. Where
the land was not limed or subsoiled the
yield was .48 of a ton. We are doing
all in our power to study out methods
by which this very important crop
may be grown more successfully and
economically by Georgia farmers, and
COST OF PRODUCTION RATHER
THAN THE AMOUNT PRODUCED
BY N. S GOTTSCHAIL.
It seems very strange that even at
the present day, when the farmer has
great opportunities to become familiar
with more scientific methods of farm
ing, so many dairymen are feeding and
otherwise managing their herds the
same as hheir fathers and perhaps
grandfathers did.
Not long ago I came across a man
who Is looked upon by his neighbors
as a successful dairy farm man be
cause he produces a comparatively large
quantity of milk from his herd. Dur
ing the course of our conversation I
found that he was not realizing any
profit from his cows, but instead he
was feeding them at a loss. He made
the statement that at the end of some
months he finds the cost of the feed has
exceeded the receipts for the milk, while
during the remaining months of the
year the profits are only large enough
to make up for the losses, so that at
the end of the year he finds that he
has not been paid for his labor and
some of the crops fed to his cattle in
the form of roughage.
Similar cases may be found all over
the country, and yet in a great number
of these cases the dairy herd is the
cnief source of income.
The majority of the farmers never
stop to figure out the cost of produc
tion but strive to produce the largest
amount possible regardless of cost. Such
haphazard feeding is not due entirely to
a lack of knowledge on the part of the
feeder, but because of his unwilling
ness to put into practice that which he
does know.
The writer is personally acquainted
with two dairymen living in the same
community. One is netting large prof
its 'from his herd while the other one
is not making any profits at all, but
instead is actually keeping his cows at
a loss when the milk only is taken into
consideration. The successful one is
feeding balanced rations while the un
successful one feeds whatever he hap
pens to have on hand or can buy at the
most convenient market regardless of
its analysis.
Many more such examples might be
given, but this one will suffice to bring
out the point I wish to make, that by
the application of more scientific meth
ods of feeding larger profits can be
reaped ahd besides herds that are not
profitable under the present system of
management may be made to yield profit
able returns when properly fed. As has
been stated above, it is not alone the
amount of milk produced but the cost
of the production as well that the farm
er should look to. The average farmer
is unable to give any figures in regard
to the cost of production for the simple
reason that he has never made any
attempts to find out. Paper and pencil
are as necessary to the dairymen as
any of the utensils used in handling
the dairy products.
Right at this point there is an op
portunity for the farmer to get the
boys interested in the farm. Why not
let them figure out what the cost of
production is. providing they are able
to do so? Most boys would be only
too glad to have the opportunity to
do this, and yet how many farmers’
sons are given a chance to become
interested in this way This will not
only arouse the boys’ interest in farm
work, but will be a good training as
well.
It is interesting to note how dis
satisfied most^ farmers feel when their
milk yield decreases somewhat after
they have been persuaded, by some
more up-to-date farmer, to give tne
scientific methods of feeding a trial.
If at this point the feeder can be made
to understand thata it is more profit
able to produce a smaller amount at
a considerable profit than to produce
a large amount at very little or no
profit, then he will Invariably adopt
the newer and more profitable meth
od. If, however, as is sometimes found
to be the case, he cannot be convinced
that it pays best to feed according to
scientific principles, then he will all the
more hold on to the old method which
will leave him in the same old rut.
It is not always true that the yield
of milk is decreased when scientific
methods in feeding are adopted, but
when the animals have been forced
before the change was made there is
generally a slight decrease, still the
profits are greater under the new
method because the cost of produc
tion is greatly reduced.
The present day farmer has no ex
cuse for not feeding according to
scientific principles when he can ob
tain so much valuable Information
along these lines from dairy papers,
books and the bulletins and reports
of the experiment station from the
state in which he lives.
P. 0. COMMITTEE URGES
MRS.JHAM FOR PLACE
Senate Probe Declares Mrs.
Longstreet Efficient, but Rec
ommends New Postmaster
WASHINGTON, July 10.—The senate
committee considering the nomination
of Mrs. H. W. J. Ham for postmaster
at Gainesville. Ga.,’in place of Mrs. Hel
en D. Longstreet, has made a report
that Mrs. Longstreet was “efficient, cap
able and satisfactory as postmaster.”
The report includes a letter from Post
master General Burleson stating that in
the naming of a successor, Mrs. Long-
street’s efficiency was not taken into
question.
Mrs. Longstreet testified before the
committee that she had no objection to
the confirmation of Mrs. Ham. but mere
ly wished to be vindicated of any charge
of poor management of the postoffice.
in e committee last night recom
mended the confirmation of Mrs. Ham,
but it was delayed on objection of Sen
ator Townsend until the report of the
committee's investigation had been
printed.
hope to have some definite informa
tion to give out as time elapses.
* *
SUGGESTIONS ABOUT TERRACING.
A. C. J., Forsyth, Ga., writes: I want
some Information in regard to terraces. I
understand that there is a form of terrace
which is laid off with a fall of one or two
per cent so as to carry the water gently
from the field. The bank is cultivated
as other parts of the field, the rows being
run approximately on the level. This form
of terrace would obviate the unsightly rows
of weeds and bushes one now seeds. Would
like your opinion of this form of terrace.
It is desirable, of course, in cultivat
ing land to have as few terraces as pos
sible. These should be as broad and
nearly level as practicable, and should
have a uniform though very moderate
slope so that the water will run off
them slowly and not accumulate at one
point and thus cause the terrace to cut
or break through. The more we utilize
big plows and a larger type of mules
and horses, the less the number terraces
it will be necessary for us to maintain.
We use no special kind of terrace on
the college farm. We have simply
taken a level and laid off the terraces
where they seemed absolutely necessary
on as nearly a uniform grade as possi
ble, and left behind them a ditch of suf
ficient width and depth to carry off a
heavy fall of rain. By deep plowing
we have been able to eliminate about
two-thirds of the terraces that were for
merly deemed necessary on this farm
and we know that we are troubled less
with washing and erosion now than
ever before. Of course, occasionally a
very heavy and dashing rain will break
through the terrace, but this is the ex
ception and not the rule. The important
thing about a terrace is to have it prop
erly laid off and you should have a com
petent surveyor or engineer to do this
work. Realizing the importance of
work of this kind, we are endeavoring
to emphasize it as completely as possi-
bel through courses offered the young
men of Georgia who are entering the
College of Agriculture.
♦ * *
SOWING CRIMSON CLOVER.
J. C. H., Quartz, Ga., writes: I have
about two acres of black loose loamy land
from which I have just harvested an ex
cellent crop of rye. Now I am contemplat
ing turning sabl piece of land, preparing
and sowing In crimson clover. Will this
.♦operation at this time of ygar injure the
fertility of the soil ns I am thinking of
sowing to crimson clover about July 15,
1913.
CLARKE AMENDMENT WILL
HURT SPOT COTTON TRADE
If Cotton Merchant Could Not
Protect Himself by Hedges,
He Would Offer Lower Prices
The senators and representatives in Wash
ington should realize that the cotton markets
and cotton exchanges are not used as a rule
by the planter except where he is a very large
producer, but the markets through the exchanges
afford a basis of price for large and small
producer alike and without this basis of price
the small farmer could not sell his three, five or
twenty bales of cotton exeept at the arbitrary
price of the buyer in the small town.
The man who produces these small number
of hales each year has no need for a market
except for him to gauge the value of his sta
ple and to help him to know what the general
price is over the country, and what his neigh
bors are selling for. but the cotron exchanges
of America have their very important fun.'.trs
as a basis of protection and Insurance to those
who are buying the few number of bales from
each farmer until the aggregate for I he day’s
purchases in a busy season will reach 100, 500
or probably 1.000 bales. The small merchant,
the cotton buyer or the exporter who r.coi n.u-
lates his cotton in this way is able to sell <re
tracts on the New York or New Orleans ex-
he is able to effect a sale either to the Amer-
he is able to cfect a sale either to the Amer
ican spinners, who use as r«n average nboit one-
third of this crop or to the foreign spinners « ho
use about two-thirds of the American crop If
this small local cotton merchant or factor could
not protect himself by hedges against spot
cotton which he is buying, wnen he did not b?ve
an order for that cotton, h - won'. 1 he obliged
to offer lower prices to the r armer than he
could afford to pay when be knows lie can jet
effective insurance.
The same thing applies to the mill man wl o
makes contracts ahead for the output of bis
mill. He sells n small hill of cools Here and
another small bill elsewhere, but he has rot
got the cotton to fill these contracts, lie in
sures himself by buying contracts on tne differ
ent exchanges until he can iocire the grrdes
of cotton necessary until lie can fill these con
tracts. thus the exchanges are used largely for
legitimate protection and insurance.
While,of course, there is some speculation,
it is this speculation which makes the teal mar
ket at all times. The speculator is the skirmish
line of battle which rnther feels than fb.es the
price. They will take chances that »i man
handling his actual commodity wm 1 hesitate
to take, therefore the broadness of the markets
is helped* by the speculator so that large
amounts of transactions in the shape of hedges
can he effected without wide fluctuations, hut
if this speculation is eliminated the fluatuartons
must necessarily he very wide, th9*efire vldle
you say the protests should come from the Ran
ter, the planter is not the man who directly
uses this market, though he oenofbR by It In
a general way more than anyone Interested in
the American cotton industry t.nd !.o should
realize that the cotton exchange is his friend;
The adoption of the Clarke amendment w.uld
eliminate the functions of the American cotton
exchanges and place the making of a rotten
market for the world in the hands < t Li’ er pool
and Bremen through which practically two-
thirds of the American crop is used.
Germany abolished future trading some years
ago but feeling that her people were at a dis
advantage by having no market, has ;e«.«.ntly
re-established future trading in Bremen.
The elimination of cotton exchanges in Amer
ica would mean that there would he no quo
tations generally distributed throughout lie cot
ton belt in every little town, hanlet arid (kjs
roads: The markets would come from Liverpool
and Bremen. The big exporter would have his
market by cable while the small farmer would
sell his cotton without knowing the facts and
the state of the market which he now gets by
active competition, he it through speculation or
through hedging, hut the American exchanges
are the basis for his information. Destroy them
and he is in the dark.
Prof. Emory, of Washington, in hie report
dealt at length on this subject.
While this is a hurriedly written article, 1
may give you some ideas or points to enlarge
on in your effort to bring Influence to bear
against adoption of the Clarke amendment.
There is no objection to your turning
your rye stubble as completely and
quickly as possible, but we do not think
it advisable to seed crimson clover as
early as the 15th of July. On an ex
ceptionally moist piece of soil and where
conditions are very favorable, you might
secure a stand, but in our experience it
has not been desirable to seed crimson
clover before the 15th of September to
the 1st of October. We think the sum
mer heat will injure the young clover;
at least in some experiments made by
us this has proven to be the case. We
should prefer to put this land irFcow
peas at once and either cut off for hay
or turn under as circumstances seem
to make advisable. There will be ample
time to do this and secure a crop of hay
and still devote the land to crimson clo
ver. The peas should be fertilized say
with 300 pounds of a 10-1-4 and the
same formula will be found helpful on
the clover. Crimson clover is essential
ly a fall and winter growing crop.
Further north they segd it sometimes in
the corn at the last cultivation, but
the season is not so hot there during
the summer as in Georgia. We think
you will gain much more in the way of
feed and at the same time improve
3 r our land by sowing the peas and fol
lowing with clover than to try to plant
clover at this time,
WINTER WHEAT CONDITION
ON JULY FIRST WAS 81.6
WASHINGTON, July 9.—The first Idea of the
size this year of the country’s greatest crop-
corn—was given today when the department
of agriculture issued its report showing the
acreage, condition and estimate of the number
of bushels of corn which condition neporte in
dicate will be produced. More definite figures
as to the size of the great wheat crop, expect
ed to be the second largest ever gathered,
also were given, as wel las toe first idea of the
size of the potato, tobacco and rice crops.
Details of the acreage, condition, on July 1,
an dlndlcaled acre yield and total production,
Interpreted from condition reports, of the vari
ous crops follow:
WInterWheat—Area planted, 30,938,000 acres,
compared with 26,571,000 acres last year. Con
dition 81.6 per cent of a normal, compared with
83.5 per cent on June 1, 73.3 per cent on July
1, last year, and 79.9 per cent, the 10-year
average, on July 1. Indicated yield 15.6 bush
els per acre, compared with 15.1 bushels last
rear and 15.2 bushels, the average i‘6r the past
five voars. Estimated total production 483,-
000,000 bushels, compared with 399,919,000 bush
els last year, 430,050,000 bushels in 1911, 434 -
142,000 bushels in 1910 and 418,000,000 bushels
in 1909.
Spring Wheat—Area planted, 18,G63,000 acres,
compared with 19,243,000 acres last year. Con
dition. 73.8 per cent of a normal compared
with 93.5 per cent on June 1; 89.3 per cent on
July 1 last year, and 85.3 per cent, the ten-
year average on July 1. Indicated yield, 11.7
bushels per acre, compared with 17.2 bushels
last year and 13.3 bushels, the average for the
past five years. Estimated total production
218,000,000 bushels, compared with 330,348.000
hishels last year, 190,682,000 bushels in 1911,
200.979,00 bushels in 191 and 265,000,000 bush
els in 1909.
All Wheat—Area planted, 49,601.000 acres,
compared with 45,814.000 acres last year. Con
dition. 78.6 per cent of a normal, compared
with 87.2 per cent on June 1; 80.1 per cent on
July 1 last year, and 81.9 per cent, the ten-
year average on July 1. Indicated yield, 14.1
bushels per acre, compared with 15.9 bushels
last year, and 14.5 bushels, the average for the
past five years. Estimated total production
701.000,000; 621,338,000* bushels In 1911, 635,-
121,000 bushels In 1910, and 683,000,000 bush
els In 1909.
The amount of wheat remaining on farms
July 1, Is estimated at about 35,515,000 bush
els, compared with 23,876.000 bushels on July
1, 1912, and 34.071.000 bushels on July 1. 1911.
Com—Area planted 106, 84.000 acers, com
pared with 107,083,000 acres last year. Condi
tion 86.9 per cent of a normal, compared with
81.5 per cent on July 1 last pear and 84.0
per cent, the 10-year average, on July 1. In
dicated yield 27.8 bushels per acre, compared
with 29.2 bushels last year and 26.5 bushels,
the average fo rthc past five years. Estimated
total prodlctlon 2.971.000.000 bushels, compared
with 3,124.746,000 bushels last y<‘ar, 2,531,488,-
000 bushels in 1911. 2,880,260,000 bushels In
1910, and 2,552,000,000 bushels In 1909.
Oats—Area planted, 38,341,000 acres, com
pared with 37,917,000 acres last year. Condi
tion 76.3 per cent of a normal compared with
87.0 per cent on June 1, 89.2 per cent on July
1 1912, and 84.5 per cent, the 10-year average,
on July 1. indicated yield 26.9 bushels per
acre, compared with 37.4 bushels last year and
29.7 bushels, the average for the past five
vears. Estimated total production l.Ool,000,000
bushels, compared with 1,418,337,000 bu *bels
Inst vear 922(298,000 bushels in 1911, l,i»o,-
341,000 bushels in 1910, and 1,007,000,000 bush-
Bnrley—Area planted 7,255,000 acr J^’
pared with 7.530,000 acres last year, Coition
76.6 per cent of a normal, compared with
per cent on June 1, 88.3 per-cent mJnljJ.
last yeat and 85.4 per wnt, the
n/.n on July 1. Indicated yield 2-.8 pusneis
per'acre, compared with no.7 bnsheln Ust year
and 24.5 bushels, the average for the past five
venrs Estimated total production 165,00°,000
bushels, compared with 228 824 000 “
vear iti« 24<MK)0 bushels in 1911, ITS.twAuw;
bushels in 1010 and 178,000,000 bushels In 1900,
Rye-Condition. 88.6 percent of a normal,
compared with 96-*) per cent o • ^
per cent on July 1 last year M 89.7 per cent
16*1* bushels per’a?re°com'Led with 16.8 bneh-
ffie past five yMra^istlmalS toTal^rodnction,
lustnds in 19*10 and 30.000.000 bushels ffi 1909^
White Potatoes—Area planted, 3,680,909 acres,
with 88.9 per cent last year antiI 88.9 per cent
IS e i tC Su y ,heL' lT pe r r age ac 0 ™ iompar’e” with 113.4
husheis last ye P ar and 96.1 bustjeis the average
for the past five years. Estimated total pro
Auction. 343,000,000 bushels compared "“g 4 -°^
647.000 bushels last year, 292,137,000 bushels
1911 349 032,000 bushels in 1909.
' Tobacco—Area planted 1,144,350 ac ™*’
pared with 1,225,800 acres last year. Condition
S2.S per cent of a normal, compared with 87.7
per cent last year and 84.8 Per cent, the ten-
year average on July 1. Indicated yield 809 0
pounds per acre, compared with 78o.5 pounds
last vear and 822.3 pounds, the average for the
past five years. Estimated total Pr^tton
926,000,000 pounds, compared with WL-,san,uuu
rounds last vear, 905,109,000 pounds in 1911,
1,103,415,000 pounds in 1910 and 1,056,000,000
pounds in 1909.
Flax—Area planted 2.425,000 acres, compared
with 2,851,000 acres last year. Condition, 82.0
per cent of a normal, compared with 88.9 per
cent last year and 87.2 per cent the ten-year
average on July 1. Indicated yield 8.7 busheis
per acre, compared with 9.8 bushels last year
and 8.2 bushels, the average for the past five
years. Estimated total production, 21.000,000
bushels, compared with 28,073,000 bushels last
vear, 19,370.000 bushels in 1911, 12,718,000
bushels in 1910 and 20.000,000 bushels in 1909.
Rice.—Area planted, 824,100 acres, compared
with 722 800 acres last year. Condition, 88.4
per cent ’of a normal, compared with 86.3 per
cent last year and 88.5 per cent the ten-year
average on July 1. Indicated yield, 23.0 bushels
per acre, compared with 34.7 bushels last year
and 33.7 bushels the average for the past five
vears Estimated total production, 27,OiK).COO
bushls, compared with 25, 054,000 bushels last
vear, 22,934 000 bushels In 1911, 24,510.000
bushels in 1940 and 22.000,000 bushels in 1909.
Hay—Condition, 80.5 per cent ofa normal,
compared with 87.5 per cent 'in Juuo 1. 85.2
percent on July 1 last year and 82.2 ner cent
the average for the past five years. Indicated
yield, 1.33 tons per acre, compared with 1.47
tons last year and 1.28 tones the average for the
past five years. Estimated total production —
tons, compared with 72,691,000 tons last year,
54 916,000 tons in 1911, 69,378.000 tons in 10J0
and 69.000,000 in 1909.
Apples—Condition, 59.4 n«r cent ofa no r w<aI,
compared with 67.1 per cent on Jun el, 67.9 i.er
cent on July 1 last year and 59.1 i*»r cent the
average for the past ton years.
A GOOD PROFIT AND CHEAPER
LIVING FROM YOUR OWN FARM
Meat will still be furnished from
range-grown cattle. While it is true
that in the range country there are more
than 300,000,000 acres of land that are
arable and that will be farmed on the
dry farming plan, there are more than
300,000,000 acres of rough land, all of
which will produce pasture and which,
of course, will still produce cattle and
sheep. This, In all time, will be an im
portant source of meat production, be
cause of the extent of the area that
will thus be devoted to the growing of
pasture. Some of the land Is hilly, some
of it is stony, some is rocky, and yet
on the hills and amid the stones and
rocks, much grass, highly palatable and
nutritious, is being grown. Because of
the increased area of this land it will
furnish a large amount of meat. It will
grow the meat, hut It Is not so well
adapted to the finishing of the same.
In previous years the cattle and
sheep thus grown were more commonly
shipped eastward to corn belt areas,
where they were finished for the market.
Thus far the plan was good. It in
creased the market value of the cattle
to the ranchmen, and it increased the
value of the com fed to them during
the fattening process. But this method
of finishing the cattle and sheep is in
process of evolution, and it is going to
materially affect the feeding of cattle
in the com belt states. In the mountain
states, where these stockers are grown,
they are soon going to be fed. This pro
cess has already been begun. In these
states irrigation is being introduced. It
is becoming extensively practiced, and
it will Increase more and more. On
these lands from three to five tons of
alfalfa can be grown in a single season.
On the same lands large crops of barley,
oats and peas may be grown, which are
all excellent foods, for the growing and
fattening of meat.
The alfalfa thus grown will be used
in the growing and fattening of meat,
and the same will be true of the grains.
This will mean that much of the stock
grown on the ranges will be fattened
on the same rather than in the central
Mississippi states. There are many
reasons why it should be so. In the
first place the grower of range cattlo
can find a market for his stockers at
his door. In the second place the grow
er of alfalfa and grain finds a market
for the same on his ranch, and in the
third place, the cattle may be shipped
to the stockyards west rather than east,
thus reaching the market by a short,
rather than by a long haul.
Thus it is apparent that the supply
of feeders for the corn belt will ho
more and more curt*** *d in the futuroj
that is not far away. It will not bo'
entirely cut off, but it will be curtailed.
Some of the rough range country is|
nearer the corn belt than it is to the.
markets of the west, and because of'
this the stockers grown in these areas
will still be shipped east rather thanl
west. But from what has been said, It'
will be abundantly apparent that thei
supply of stockers from the ranges to
be finished in the corn belt will bej
much less in the future than it has been
in the past.
The growers of meat in the Missis
sippi basin should profit by these
changing conditions. They should heed'
them carefully. They should under
stand that if they are to produce as H
much meat or more in the future than,
in the past, much of that meat must!
be grown in the corn belt, and if much
of it is thus grown it must be growni *
from the dual types of cows.
SOUTH GEORGIA TOMATOES
OUTSELL FLA. SHIPMENTS!
TIFTON, Ga., July 10.—It took just]
cne carload of south Georgia truck to!
show New Yorkers what can be grown]
in this section. A letter received by 1
the Tifton truck growers, who loaded!
Georgia’s first carload of tomatoes for
New York commission agents, says that
on account of the quality of the to
matoes th<Jy were able to interest the
best buyers in New York in the ship
ment.
The tomatoes were sold to the choice
trade and brought the highest price paid
on the market that day. This was in
competition with twenty-eight car®
from Florida and fifteen cars from Mis
sissippi.
The Road to Success
with a “Mandel” Ma
chine. Bis money
at fairs, picnics,
carnivals, aviation
#lelds, clrcuse s.
small towns and
larce cities—
EVERYWHERE.
Post Cord Gallery
Mr. A. L. Wood, of Montana, made this
, money. We can prove it. Hundreds are making
I money “hand over fist.” Lettersand reports arrive
daily telling of wonderful success and big profits In
I this new, up-to-date business. A great, big oppor-
I tunity for you to make $5.00 to $20.00 a day as
a “MANDEL” ONE-MINUTE PHOTOGRAPH
ER. Be a “portable post card gallery” man. Enjoy
the healthful, happy, independent, outdoor life.
Travel and see things. Make all your expenses
and save money besides. You need absolutely no
experience. Success comes to you at once—the
first day you begin work with the
“Mander Post Card Machine
A wonderful machine that takes, finishes
and delivers post card photographs and photo buttons
right on the spot [where the pictures are taken.
Machine makes five different styles o^ photos. Easy to
operate—complete instructions with outfit. All you do is.
snap the bulb and pocket your profita. Anew, sensational
photographic process—a wonderful discovery-
Photos Direct on*Post Cards — No Plates,
Films, Printing, or Dark Room
Do not waste your days. Summer is here. This Is the
time when ‘•MANDEL” POST CARD PHOTOGRAPHEttS reap
big profits. Everybody needs and buys photographs. The sale of
your first supplies practically pays your entire investment. Do
you want to earn $2,000 this year? Then write at once. Be
the first in your section and reap tne big profits. Information is
free. Afidress either ofiice.
THE CHICAGO FERROTYPE COMPANY
719 Ferrotype Bldg. Dept. 719,Public Bank Bldg.
1C Chicago. III. or New York, W. V.
A DAKOTA, GA. FARM
IS THE NEAREST CUT TO INDEPENDENCE
TOUNG MAN BUY
25, 50 or 100-acre RED PEBBLE FARM, Improved and under cultivation,
on long, easy terms.
THESE FARMS WILL PAY FOR THEMSELVES.
WRITE TODAY for our DAKOTA FARMS BOOKLET.
COME ON to DAKOTA Thursday, Friday or Saturday of any week.
We are here to show crops to prove it.
Edwin P. Ansley
Realty Trust Bldg., Atlanta.
G. C. McKenzie
Ashburn, Ga„ Dakota, Ga.
GIRL HURLED OFF CANAL
BRIDGE; ESCAPES DEATH
(Special Dispatch to The Journal.!
WAYCROSS. July 10.—Knocked from
a canal bridge by a runaway dray, little
Grace Fitin, three-year-old daughter of
B. G Finn, was injured painfully this
mornftig. Her sister, Margaret, six
years old. was with her at the time
and escaped death by a miracle. The
horse ran through the business section
of the city and was finally caught In
Beauty park, after smashing a dray at
the Union station.
—and Your
SAMPLE
SUIT FREE
If we send youjesamplt suit
tailor-made
to your own measurements
and let you pay for It out of
your profit on the first few
orders you take, will you act
as our local agent? Will you
accept a steady position that
will pay from *3 to $10 a day,
—every day? - Send no money#
Be Our BRANCH MANAGER
We want you and must have you
dressed better than anybody else.
Many making $60 to $200, a
week. It’s easy. You can do it.
Your friends will want suit
like yours. Latest cut made-to-
measure sample suit will be sen1
you. Choice of hundreds of mod
els, all kinds of goods—samples
show you just whntyou and your
friends want—FREE. No exper
ience necessary. No capital.
We back you every way in your
exclusive territory. Everything
FREE. Write quick.
RELIABLE TAILORING C0MPAN
Dept. 513Y Reliable Bldg., Chicago, Ill.
Send No
CASH
New Parcel Post Map and Chart
of Horse Remedies
We have just bought a large
number of New Four Leaf Charts,
which we are going to give with
The Semi-Weekly Journal. This
Chart contains a 1913 Calendar,
Pictures of our Presidents from
Washington to Wilson, a Chart of
Horse Ailments and Remedies,
giving Symptoms -of Diseases and
How to Treat Them; a Parcel Post*
Map of the United States, with
instructions; a large State Map of
your own state, besides other in
formation and statistics, valuable
in every household. We are giv
ing a Chart to each person sending
us One Dollar for the following
papers: The Semi-Weekly Jour
nal 18 months, Farm Life 12
months, and Every Day Life 12
months. Use coupon below.
THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, Atlanta, Ga.
Enclosed find One Dollar, for which send me The Semi-Weekly Journal
18 months, Farm Life 12 months, and Every Day Life 12 months, and mail
me absolutely free your NEW Ready Reference Parcel Post Chart.
tfAME
P. O R. F. D STATE