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THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA., TUESDAY, AUGUST 12, 1913.
AGRICULTURAL
Education
Successful Fahmin%-
iBSST $ Andrew f\. |>ouLt
This department will cheerfully endeavor to furnish any information.
Letters should be addressed to Dr. Andrew M. Soule, president State
Agricultural College, Athens, Da.
THE PROMISE OF THE COTTON BLOOM
W HO is not familiar with the pro
nouncement of the great states
man and orator, Henry. Grady? Surely
he was right when he exclaimed: “Cot
ton, what a royal plant it is!” It was
he who said, “The trespass of a little
worm upon its green leaf is more to
England than the advance of the Rus
sian army on her Asian outposts. It is
gold from the instant it puts forth its
tiny root. Its fiber is current in every
bank, and when, loosing its fleeces to the
Bun, it floats a sunny banner that glori
fies the fields of the humble farmer, that
man is marshaled under a flag that will
compel the allegiance of the world and
wring a subsidy from every nation on
earth.”
How clearly the truth of these won
derfully prophetic words has been
shown. In no other section of the world
has the welfare of a country been so
dependent on the varied products of a
single plant as in the cotton growing
states of the American union. While
every phase of the growing cotton crop,
from the day the first tiny green shoot
appears above the ground, is of interest
and concern to the planter, the real
glory of the crop is wrapped up in the
bloom. What an Inspiring sight it is
to s e the verdant green of the plant
covered with buds and blooms which
with the rising of the sun will turn to
geld as forecasting the destiny of the
boll which they herald. By n ght they
will be pink and then will give place to
the green and growing boil with its
promise of riches in the staple and seed,
thus providing not only cloth for the
manifold uses of man but important
nutritive constituents for himself and
his live stock.
No wonder Interest centers in the
blooming of the cotton plant, for the
blossom represents the reproductive
agency through which mart may hope by
study and selection to increase the quan
tity *and quality of the fiber and the
value of the by-products the seed may
be expected to yield. The number of
blocms and the time of their appearance
determine largely the quantity and oft
en the quality of the harvest as well.
Without the bloom the stalk would re
main barren and unproductive and want
and famine ravage the land. Moreover,
the bloom of the cotton is singularly
beautiful, and its everchanglng radiance
of color as it meets and reflects back the
rays of the summer sun a constant
s'vnrce of Joy and inspiration to the ob
server. No wonder the people of Dixie
pay tribute to the cotton oloom, for it
furnishes so many man-made and essen
tial comforts to the human race that
without it we would of necessity sink
back into barbarism and a condition of
living it has taken twenty centuries of
industrious effort on the part of man
kind to overcome.
In order that the relation of cotton
ar.d its various by-products to our in
dustrial and commercial welfare may
be the better appreciated let us con
sider for a moment some of the mani
fold uses to which it is put. It is
quite likely that the bed clothing In
100 per cent of our American homes
consists of cotton; that the rugs used
In many instances are made from its
fiber cannot be gainsaid. The shades
In the window and the soap with which
tl.e morning ablutions are performed
consist of its fiber in one instance and
the oil derived from its seed in the
other. Cotton towels are so univer
sally used as to not even attract pass
ing notice. The chances are that the
man who arrays himself in the morn
ing in fresh “linen” is really wearing
cotton clothes, while the lady in her
“rustling silks” is dressed in the mer
cerized fabric of this wonderful plant.
At the breakfast table King Cotton
brings other nature comforts by sup
plying you with a lard substitute either
in the form of a pure and wholesome
oil” with which it is prepared and for
ucts now so extensively manufactured
and utilized in home cooking. The
brown of th e biscuit and the delightful
flavor of the fried chicken are attribu
table to the use of cotton oil in some
form In the preparation of your morn
ing repast. When you sit down to
lunch or dinner, the chances are that
the b^ef or the mutton were partly or
altogether fattened on cotton seed meal
and other by-products of the cotton
plant When you are enjoying your
salad it is quite likely that the “olive
oil” with which it i sprepared and for
which your good wife has paid a fancy
price was grown on some Georgia
farm, and that an oil Just as good and
wholesome might have been secured at
lower cost and under its real name in
the form of one of the refined cooking
oils now made from cotton seed which
are now so extensively prepared and
»old to the American housewife.
But this is not all, for the “butter”
rlth which you spread your rolls and
bread is probably a transformed by
product of cotton seed through the
piagic agency of the dairy cow. The
“woolen” clothing which you wear in
the winter in all probability consists
partly of the fibers of cotton, while
the wool Itself represents the trans
formed energy of co,.on seed meal.
Even the armies of the world are clad
In duck made from the fibers of cot
ton. The tents they use are made
bf the same material, while from the
short fibers or linters is derived an
essential element in the preparation of
some of the highest and most dreaded
explosives known to warfare. The
medical practitioner is not independent
of the cotton plant for he often uses it
In some form in surgery.
Jt is not overstating the case, there
for**. to say that the bloom of the cot
ton evidences the approach of miracles
of service to mankind. No wonder its
bloom Is hailed with delight. No won
der the circling progress of the plant’s
development day by day is watched
with the keenest interest and heralded
by wire and air sent messages
throughout the world. The progress
and development of the crop is indeed
a matter of universal concern and
when one pauses to review and con
sider the manifold services this won
derful plant renders to aianklnd, it is
easy to see how its suet ess does con
cern England more, as Henry Grady
tald, than the marching of the Russian
army towards her Asian outposts.
It is but proper that we should pause
from time to time and pass in review
before our minds the blessingB which
the cotton plant and its little golden
ftljom meets out to the people of the
louth. and if we do this it will help us
:<> understand and appreciate its -vir
tues more completely, and to recon
secrate our efforts towards a more
jomplete and perfect understanding of
Its remarkable possibilities. To those
vho have studied the situation, it
r.i’Si apppear that we are stiil only
P :rmishing on the edge of the sea of
Lnowledge as it relates to the possi
bilities of developing and utilizing' cot-
oii as completely as the Creator in
tended when he designed It ana gave it
to man as one of his most beneficent
gAi-tS.
INTRODUCING AND TESTING NEW
VARIETIES OF SORGHUM IN TEXAS
INFLUENCE OF POTASH IN PLANT
ECONOMY.
W. B. H., Fayetteville, Ga., writes: I
wish you would write me what relation pot
ash bears to th-e growing plant, and Is it a
valuable plant food in commercial fertilis
ers, and do you advise the use of it?
Potash is regarded as one of the «■-
s' ntial elements of plant food. As
you probably know, the food of plants
is elaborated in the leaves and the ba-
sio material consists of starch. Out
of this there is changed and formed
the other elements needed in the nutri
tion and development of plants. Pot
ash is concerned in the formation and
distribution of starch; therefore, its
function is essential an fundamental
to the welfare of growing crops. This
element is also concerned In the devel
opment of the woody structure of crops
and the flesh of fruits. It acts as a
reutiallzer ot plant acids, which is an
important function. It supplies to the
crop an essential element which is oft
en deficient in our soils. This is es
pecially true of those areas where sand
predominates. T. ert is a considerable
Quantity of potas in what we call our
red clay lands, but it is often not in an
available form owing to the low con
tent of hme in our Georgia soils. Ap
plication* of lime would set some of
this potash free, and then its use in
commercial fertilizer would not be so
necesf-ary or essential. Where lime
is not used it would seem to be neces
sary to apply potash.
For corn and cotton on red clay land,
3 to 4 per cent of potash will often be
sufficient amount to use where appli
cations of 500 to 800 pounds of fertili
zer are made to the acre. On sandy
lands the content of potash should be
increased to 6 or 7 per cent; for truck
crops and potatoes as much as 8 to 10
per cent of potash will often be ad
visable, particularly on sandy soils.
For the reasons assigned, it seems to
us that potash should be used in al
most all tjhe fertilizing formulas util
ized in Georgia.
IRRIGATION IN GEORGIA.
F. H. D., Lynn, Mass., writes: Is Irrigat
ing considered necessary In Georgia? Can
alialfa, Japanese clover and mangel beets
be cultivated successfully ? Is it possible
to raise anything for gfeen forage crops te
feed stock during December, January, Feb-
ruray and March? Do Yorkshire hogs do as
well and mature as young as in states fur-
tbeir north, or because of scald or cholera
are black breeds given the preference?
What is the ruling price of young sows and
Doars eight to ten weeks old, and wha: are
hogs r.ady 'for the market worth? Do you
have a dry and rainy season? Is the north
ern part of the state most fertile?
BY A. B. CONNOR, in Farm and Ranch, j
Much work has been done in the past j
five years toward introducing and lest- j
ing out new and valuable varieties of \
sorghum. This work has been carried j
on rather extensively at Chillicothe, *
Tex., where a forage crop testing sta
tion is maintained jointly by the United
States department of agriculture and
the Texas agricultural experiment sta
tion. Considerable sorghum work has
been done also at Amarillo, Dalhart and
San Antonio experiment stations. More
than 600 varieties have been tested in
a single season. From these, several
very promising varieties have been ob
tained.. There is apparently no limit
Lo the work of introducing new varie
ties, as each year brings a certain num
ber of new varieties unlike any before
*rrown in this country.
All sorghums, from the viewpoint
of the farmer, can be put in three
Masses: (1) the grain producers; (2)
;he forage and syrup sorghums; and (3)
che brush producers.
Within the past few years the value
of grain sorghums in Texas has ap
proached that of Indian corn; in fact,
n drouthy seasons one finds sorghum
rain more widely distributed than In-
ian corn. It not only suplies the feed
ers in semi-arid regions,„ but immense
quantities are shipped into the corn
uowing region and fed there to work
nimals.
The grain sorghums may be uti-
zed for grain alone or for grain and
orage. They are frequently used as
ilage crops. Kafir corn produces silage
ully equal in feeding value to that of
i>dian corn. It is, no doubt, better
.*ited for use as silage than most other
arieties of grain sorghums. Either
- ahr or feterita will yield a heavier
onnage than Indian corn. Sections
•adapted to kafir and feterita are better
! provided with silage crops than the
more humid sections.
Kafii and milo are the principal
grain sorghums at the present time.
Feterita, kowliang and shallu are re
cent inti oductions of great promise
or certain conditions. While none of
hese introductions excel Kafir and milo
under any and all conditions, each is
especially suit d to c rtain conditions
nd under such conditions will give
nore favorable yields than milo or
a fir. The Kafirs require a long
growing period and are able to delay
maturity until favorable rainfall oc
curs. Milo matures in a comparative
ly short period and con inues growth
vintil it has matured a seed crop. If
unfavorable conditions prevail the
seeu crop will be light, but in all cases
some grain is produced. Kafir and
milo are in no wise similar in general
habit of growth an dhence the two
crops may be grown advantageously on
the same farm, one supplementing the
other.
The feterita has a bluish white col
ored seed, perhaps slightly larger than
the seed of dwarf milo. It is very
much like the milo in habit of growth
and in length of growing period. It is
Trade and Crop Re
ports from the South
—From Bra<lstreet*s.
Irrigation is not considered necessary
in Georgia, as the rainfall In this state
varies from forty to sixty inches per
annum. If the soils are properly pre
pared and fertilized and the moisture
conserved enough may be stored in the
soil to answer all purposes of crop pro
duction in the average year. Like all
sections of the country an occasional
drouth occurs. This may come at differ
ent seasons of the year. The driest sea
son in Georgia is generally from Sep
tember to December, and there is often
a good deal of rain in January, Febru
ary and sometimes March, and occasion
ally .in June, July and August. There is
sometimes considerable dry weather in
April and May.
Alfalfa, Japan clover and mangel
wurzels can be grown in Georgia with
considerable success. Their extensive
cultivation in the state, however, has
not been practiced. Green feed can be
produced without difficulty during the
months of December, January, February
and March in this state, and may be ob
tained from seeding a variety of crops.
All the cereals may be used for grazing
purposes. Vetches may alsoi be seeded
In the fall along with crimson, burr
clover and other legumes.
Yorkshire hogs have not been intro
duced into this state in so far as I
know. If they are bred here at all I am
not acquainted with the fact. White
hogs have not made as much progress In
the south as either the red or black
breeds. It is the belief that the white
hogs scald more readily when exposed
to the sun. I have no theard, however,
that they were considered more suscep
tible to cholera. One can raise several
of the best breeds of "nogs now handled
in the United States with perfect suc
cess in all part of Georgia. The ruling
price for young pigs is from $5 to $15
at eight to ten months of age. The
breed and character of the animals de
termines largely the price obtained.
Hogs ready for the market will com
mand anywhere from 5 to 8 cents a
pound, depending on condition and qurl-
lty; sometimes they sell as high as 10
cents a pound.
In the northern part of the state the
soils are of a clayey character and most
ly red in color. They probably contain
a greater amount of total plant food
than the soils In the southern part of
the state. The soils in the southern
part, however, are easier to work be
cause of their lighter and more friable
character. In nothern Georgia lime
should be used rather freely, and an
abundance of leguminous crops plowed
under and yard manure applied In order
to add vegetable matter and improve the
physical and mechanical condition of the
80iL
A HOG BREEDERS PROBLEMS.
VV. D. S., Arlington, Ga., writes: I have
a herd of fine Berkshire hogs and have to
buy feed for them. I am using shorts, a
* little tankage and some corn meal. Will
you suggest a good ration for five months
old pigs mad of shorts and tankage or
blood and shorts, or using one-third meal
with the aborts. I also want a ration for
my brood sows. I have been using beet
pulp well soaked for them to take the place
of green pasture. What do you think of it?
and corn for the older animals. Our
best results have come from feeding
about ten pounds of digester tankage,
meat meal or blood meal with ninety
pounds of corn. The corn may be
ground and the meal mixed with it and
fed dry in troughs to brood sows. It
would not be advisable in our judgment
to attempt to feed tankage by itself.
The combination of tankage and corn
makes a good ration for mature ani-
meals. We have also found shorts and
corn meal mixed in equal porportions
and fed as a thin slop an excellent
ood for brood sows. This ration is re
garded as an especially good milk pro
ducer and one calculated to nourish the
animal system at a time when the drain
on it is very severe.
You should keep the following mix
ture in a box where the animals can
get at it at all times and thus secure
plenty of mineral matter: One pound
wood charcoal, 1 pound sulphus, 2
pounds sodium chloride, 2 pounds so
dium bicarbonate, 2 pounds sodium hy
posulphite, 1 pound sodium sulphate,
and 1 pound antimony sulphide. By all
means give them as much range as pos
sible and provide some green feed, and
lay down a succession of grazing crops
to be used during the spring and sum
mer. You should plant rape immediate
ly, and follow it with cowpeas, soy
beans, peanuts and artichokes. We would
not regard beet pulp as a very satisfac
tory food for hogs even after it is soak
ed. It is too bulky for animals which
have limited capacity in the digestive
tract.
Corn is not a satisfactory food by
itself either for brood sows or fo;
growing pigs. It does not contain
enough protein to provide them wit:
the amount needed for their prope
nourishment, and to insure their rapi '
and uniform growth. You will find a
combination of corn meal and shorts in
the proportion of one to two a satis
factory combination of concentrates t<
use for pigs about five months old. This
should be fed as a rather thin slop
It is important to keep ‘he troughs in
a sanitary condition, as this helps t
keep the appetite on edge and will help
to prevent disease breaking out among
the hogs. It is hardly necessary, in
our judgment, to mix shorts and tank
age together since both these foods
carry a considerable percentage of pro
tein. We have found blood meal and
digester tankage good to use for hogs
which are fed on corn. We would prefer
to feed the shorts and corn meal to
young hogs, and reserve the tankage
DAIRY MANAGEMENT IN SQTJTB
GEORGIA.
C. D. 8., Parsons, Kan., writes: I would
like some Information concerning the care
of dairy cows in the southwestern part of
Georgia. Are ticks bad and is Texas fever
known in and around Thomasvllle?, How
is the best way to eradicate them? Can
good cows be purchased in south Georgia
with an average of four gallons per day?
Would It be wise to ship cattle from Kan
sas to south Georgia? What assistance can
be obtained from th? college towards start
ing a good, clean, sanitary dairy?
There are cattle ticks in the vicinity
of homasville, Ga., and if they get
even the native cattle in large quanti
ties, they will often produce Texas fe
ver. Where one has only a limitea
number of animals and a moderate sized
farm, the tick situation can be han
dled with a fair degree of satisfaction.
It is, of course, necessary to fence tne
farm and ail the pastures. Divide the
pasture into two sections, and Keep tn«
cattle ff one for four ana a half to six
and a half months. Then remove all
the ticks from the cattle by hand pick
ing or dipping and turn them on the
tick free section, and keep them off the
infested area for the same length oi
time. In this way you may clean your
pasture from ticks. Then, ir you have
your farm properly fenced and no rein
fection takes place, you should have no
serious trouble from this pest. Where
one only has a small number of animals,
hand picking may be resorted to or the
ticks may be destroyed by brushing
them off and gathering them up and
burning them, or by applying orude pe
troleum, tick oil, cotton seed oil, or
kerosene and lard in equal parts to the
legs and lower part of the body, In
cluding the tail. This makes It much
more difficult for the ticks to attach
themselves to the animals.
Shipping cattle from Kansas into
south Georgia would be a dangerous un
dertaking unless you were certain that
the land on which they are to graze Is
tick free. While you can find some
fairly good dairy foundation stock In
the southwestern part of the state, it
will be hard to find four gallon cows
In any considerable numbers, but In
our judgment you would find It better)
to start with the native stock and build
up rather than to bring In pure-bred
stock from tick-free territory. You may
grade up the native stock quite rapid
ly by the use of pure-bred sires which
you can confine in a feed lot and thus
prevent their becoming infested with
ticks.
The college maintains a dairy exten
sion department, and is glad to send in
formation to all seeking 'assistance
along this line. Our extension agent
visits the different sections and con
fers with the farmers In regard to the
ereotoion of barns, silos and out build
ings, and the feding and management
of the live stock.
perhaps four or five days earlier than
milo. It always produces erect heads. :
The plant varies in height from three
and a half to six feet, but a uniform
strain can be had by selection. This
non-uniformity of feterita at the pres
ent time is perhaps its greatest fault.
Experimental work conducted at Chil
licothe, Tex., indicates that feterita is
slightly more resistant to drouth than
milo and compares very favorably to
it in yield. In some cases the yields
have exceeded those of milo. Grow
ers should rigidly select their own seed
for a uniform strain and should com
pare yields carefully with those of
milo.
Kowliang also produces an erect seed
head. The seed may be either white or
reddish brown in color. Kowliang va
rieties vary in height from three to
eight feet. Dwarf varieties are gener
ally better suited to the semi-arid re
gions than the taller ones. Kowliang
requires a shorter growing period for
maturity than dwarf milo or feterita
It will produce, under favorable con
ditions, perhaps smaller yields than
milo and for this reason should not bo
grown as a staple crop where milo is
dependable. It is especially suited to
regions of high altitude and low rain
fall. In such sections it will be found
a more dependable grain crop.
Shallu was introduced from India
some years ago and has since persisted
as a crop in certain sections. It is
known ii^ various sections as “Califor
nia wheat.” “Egyptian wheat,” “Mexi
can wheat.” etc. It is a grain sorghum
with a very pithy dry stem. The height
varies from 4 1-2 to 8 feet. It is rather
leafy and the fodder is of some value,
though the stalk contains no saccha-
?ine matter. The seed head Is produced
in a lar*re. open panicle and hence its
grain yield is frequently overestimated.
Experimental work conducted thus far
with shallu at Chillicothe. Amarillo.
Dalhart and San Antonio indicates that
this crop is not as productive of grain
ns Kafir or milo Its onen panicle.,
however, makes it difficult for birds
to destroy it, which 1s of considerable
importance whore birds are numerous.
The sweet-stemmed sorghums are
primarily suited to forage production,
but are utilized to a considerable ex
tent for the production of syrup. Like
the grain sorghums, ‘hev vary greatly
in growing period, leafiness yield ana
sugar content. As a rule, early ma
turing varieties are *low yielders of
forage. Varieties requiring long grow
ing periods produce generally heavy
forage yields. They make good silage
if allowed to thoroughly ripen before
harvested. In extremely dry sections
it Is necessary to evade drouth, but only
in such cases are ‘he early maturing
varieties recommended. The amber
variety, an early maturing sort, gives
an average yield of about four tons
cured hay per acre, whereas the su
mac, under the same conditions, but
requiring a longer growing period,
will yield 7 1-2 tons per acre. These
two are the best varieties for Texas
for forage purposes. Others such as
orange, planter, gooseneck, honey
sapling, etc., are intermediate in for
age value. The gooseneck and honey
may perhaps be valuable silage crops,
but at the present time, all things
considered, sumac is considered pref
erable. The gooseneck and the honey
are excellent syrup sorghums and
produce heavy syrup yields. The
quality of the syrup produced is not
quite so good as that from orange,
which is considered best in flavor.
Good syrup is also made from sumac
and amber.
The broom corns are grown almost
entirely for brush. After it has been
removed the stalks are frequently util
ized as forage. Three types of broom
corn are available at the present time,
the Standard, the Dwarf and the Dwarf
Standard. The Standard grows to a
height of eight or ten feet and pro
duces long, coarse straw, used in the
manufacture of brooms and coarse
brushes. The height of this crop
makes it necessary to table it or break
over the stalks before cutting the
brush. The Dwarf broom corn grows
to a height of three to four feet and
produces brush with a very fine straw.
It is used principally in the manufac
ture of whisk brooms and other sim
ilar brushes requiring small, tough
straws. It is a high-priced product.
The Dwarf Standard is a new broom
corn which generally grows to a height
of about five feet. In texture and
length of brush it is about midway be
tween the Standard and Dwarf. This
broom corn is not generally grown at
the present time, but is likely to be
come of considerable importance in
regions suited to broom corn produc
tion. One of the most important fac
tors in the production of broom corn is
that of securing uniform brush. Uni-
| form stands are conducive to uniform
brush. This crop requires skilled la
bor in harvesting, as the quality and
price of the brush is largely dependent
upon time and method of harvesting
and curing.
CHOP CONDITIONS FINE
mm milledgevillE
Cotton Late, but Will Be
Picked In Week or Ten
Days
MILLEDGEVILLE, Ga., Aug. 9.—
Crops in Baldwin county and through
out this section of Georgia continue to
make unbroken progress and for over
two months now conditions have be^n
exceptionally favorable.
The corn crop of the county is as
sured as one of the largest ever grown,
many farmers making from 25 to 50
bushels per acre and several acre yields
approaching the 100-bushel mark. The
cowpea and hay crop promises well
and C. R. Torrance has thirty five acres
in velvet beans that is an exceptionally
interesting sight.
The cotton crop is ten days to two
weeks late, but is doing well and the
indications are that the first of the
new crop will be coming in within a
week or ten days. Mllledgeville is one
of the largest inland cotton markets
In the state and business men generally
anticipate a big business the coming
season.
CHINESE EX-PRESIDENT
MAY COME TO AMERICA
(By Associated Press.)
MOJI, Japan, Aug. 8.—Dr. Sun Yat
Sen, former provisional president of the
Chinese republic, arrived here today
from Formosa. He was traveling incog
nito.
he would remain in Japan or go to
America.
IftT’fVT’n'F'R ATTACHMENT with corn
JLfrXJ JLi JLu harvester cuts and throws In
piles on harvester or hi wiu-
row. Man and horse cut aud shock equal with
a corn blntlor. Sold In every state. Price
only $20.00 with fodder binder. J. D. Borne,
j lias well, Colo., writes, “Your corn harvester
j ail you claim for It; cut, tied and shocked 6f»
aero* milo, earn* and corn last year.” Testi
monials and catalog free, showing pictures of
harvester. Address PROCESS MFG. CO., Dept.
2, Salina, Kami.
CHARLESTON, S. C.—Trade in all
lines continues quiet, though whole
sale dealers report a good many orders
on file for shipment August 15. Collec
tions are slow. Cotton continues to
i tap rove, and the outlook is bright for
a good crop.
CHATTANOOGA—Wholesale trade Is
good, except with mill supply houses,
which say trade is lax as a conse
quence of the low price of lumber.
Paints and drugs are only fairly active
and lumber is declining. Iron seems
to be improving, and it is probable
that the furnaces here will be started
in a short time. Textile manufacturers
appear to be optimistic regarding the
future. Coal seems to be about normal.
The peach crop does not appear to be
more than 25 per cent. Building is less
active. There is a good demand for
money, and collections range from slow
to fair. Weather conditions the last
ten days have been favorable to grow
ing crops.
MEMPHIS—Jobbers of hardware,
groceries, shoes and dry goods report
business active. Retail trade is con
fined to clearance sales. Collections
are only fair. Cotton is in excellent
condition, and prospects for a big crop
are good.
ATLANTA—The merchants’ conven
tion has brought many visitors and
stimulated trade in wholesale lines.
Cautious buying is still in evidence, but
a hopeful feeling prevails. Collections
are fair. Both cotton and co^rn are in
splendid condition, though harvesting
of cotton will be about twenty days
late.
SAVANNAH—Trade is quiet and col
lections are slow. Cotton crop condi
tions are encouraging. Anticipations
pointing to better crops than usual this
year have caused a more optimistic
feeling on the part of buyers. Building
is active.
BIRMINGHAM—No. 2 foundry pig
iron is firmer, with demand showing a
slight increase. Dealers in lumber and
hardware report a fair volume of busi
ness, but, on the whole, wholesale trade
is quiet. Collections are slow.
MOBILE.—Cotton crop conditions in
this section are excellent. It is af
fected to some extent by boll weevil,
but it is believed the yield will equal
last year’s crop. Trade in all lines is
quiet and collections are slow. •
MONTGOMERY.—Good weather pre
vailed this week and crops of all
kinds are more promising. Retail
trade is fairly active, but business at
wholesale is quiet and collections are
slow.
JACKSON.—Trade, wholesale and re
tail, is quiet. Collections are slow.
Extremely hot weather is of advantage
to the cotton crop.
NEW ORLEANS.—This section is
being favored with good weather, and
prospects look good for a better year
than we have had for six or seven
years. Cotton farmers are working
diligently and hopefully, and so far
the boll weevil has done no very great
damage to the crop. Honduras rice,
which ripens before the Japan product,
Is being harvested. For the former
grade there is immediate demand. It
is estimated by some that from pres
ent indications tne yield will reach
nearly 8,000,000 sacks, or about 1,500,-
000 sacks over 1912. As a consequence
prices will be slow and planters’ prof
its very little in excess of expenses.
The Louisiana corn crop will robably
be the largest in its history, and other
crops are doing well. Jobbers report
somewhat increased activity in sales,
with collections fairly good.
DALLAS.—Retail trade is quiet, as
is usual at this season. Jobbers of
dry goods, hats and caps, boots and
shoes and millinery report a large vol
ume of business. Collections are fair
ly good for the season. The weather
during the past week has been ex
tremely hot, and on the high and sandy
lands cotton has suffered some dete
rioration, but in the lowlands and in
the black land district the crop is in
fine condition. The opinion prevails
that this state will raise 5,000,000 bales
FORT WORTH—No rain of conse
quence, except in spots, has fallen in
Texas for more than a week. Tempera
tures have been high, and some vegeta
tion has suffered. The effect of dry
weather on cotton is yet to be determin
ed, and may affect the ultimate yield.
Drouth has injured corn, and a great
deal of late corn has been destroyed.
Prices for cattle are up 10 to 15 cents
on steers and cows. Retail merchants
are conducting clearance sales, and they
report quite an active business. Job
bers speak well of conditions and re
port very good collections. Money is
in demand, but on account of anticipat
ing the needs for the movement of
crops, loans are being carefully scruti
nized.
SAN ANTONIO—Wholesale trade is
good and collections are improving.
The markets are flooded with watermel
ons. Cotton prospects are falling oft,
owing to boll weevil in some sections
and drouth in others.
THE CROP OUTLOOK.
A record-breaking crop of winter
wheat, an average spring wheat crop,
and a total wheat crop of 750,000,000 to
775,000,000 bushels, is now generally
conceded. Prices, however, hold steady,
being affected by the apparent short
ages, compared with last year’s enor
mous yields, of animal feeding stuffs,
such as corn, oats and hay. It is felt
that with liberal, in fact record sup
plies of old corn and oats carried over,
the money return to the farmers this
year will be not far short of that of
1912.
Absence of rain has impaired corn
in the southwest, and the area of dam
age has increased. In Oklahoma, Kan
sas, southern Nebraska and a large part
of Missouri, the need of rain is acute,
and much damage has undoubtedly been
done. Rain is also needed in parts of
Kentucky, Illinois, Indiana and Ohio.
In fact, except in the northern states of
the corn belt, rain is imperative if
great damage and a material shortening
of the yield is to be avoided. In the
northwest corn has become an impor
tant crop, and there the yields will,
from present indications, be good.
Returns from oats threshing point to
the crop as a whole being a light one,
and the same is true of hay, which is
a very irregular crop.
Southwestern pastures are in poor
shape and there is a rush of half-fed
cattle to central markets. On the other
hand, there is a reverse movement of
corn from large markets to the interior,
and in parts of Kansas corn is bringing
3 to 5 cents a bushel more than wheat.
Railroad traffic west of the Missouri
has fallen off because of impaired crop
prospects.
Dry weather has unfavorably affected
the hurley tobacco crop in Kentucky and
the cigar leaf crop in eastern Pennsyl
vania. while early frost hurt the Wis
consin crop.
Aside from a deterioration in cotton
reported on the light sandy or high soils
of Texas, the reports from that crop
this week are favorable, and indeed
arely so uniformly good at this stage
of the season. New* Orleans reports
th-t the farmers have been earnestly
combating the boll weevil and that good
returns are probable. Memphis reports
a big cotton crop in prospect, the Ala-
arr.a crop has improved, the Georgia re-
•oris use such words as splendid and
no, and the Caiolina reports chow im
provement. It may be recalled that the
WHY NOT CAN YOUR OWN FRUIT
AND VEGETABLES FOR WINTER?
BY MRS. S. E. BUCHANAN.
Canning fruits and vegetables by the *
present day process is a great improve-1
ment over the methods used by which
our foremothers used to prepare them
for winter use. Preserving as we,
now practice it was unknown then, j
There were but two processes through
which some of the vegetables and
fruits might be prepared for winter,
one was drying, the other preserving in
sugar. All fruits were dried in the
sun, and honesty compels us to admit,
they were not always dried carefully,
or in a sanitary way. Spread in the
sun on clotties, sometimes on the house
top, sometimes on temporary scaffolds,
the fruit was exposed to dust, bees, flies
though the more careful house
wives usually spread a thin cloth over
them to protect from these things.
Preserving in sugar was tedious and
expensive, since every ambitious house
wife felt her pantry, which was always
ample, must have a store of such good
things, equal to the demand of the
great number of visitors that in those
days were expected at all times. Pick
les and brandied fruits were put up
usually by the kegful. But the pan-
tries and storerooms of today have
shrunk from those generous propor
tions. Like our old-fashioned smoke
houses, whose rafters were hung with
delicious, home-cured hams, sides and
shoulders, they have changed quar
ters to the grocery, “no more are they
seen" and appreciated. •
While this is true, like some other
late day changes, the making of fewer
“preserves,” as we understood the
method is quite a relief to the house
wife. Canned fruits and vegetables
are more wholesome and more easily
prepared. Canning is th** easiest and
quickest method of preserving fruits
and vegetables. With proper facili
ties and careful management it is the
safest and least expensive.
i.ne best fruit should be used; it
must be ripe but firm. When glass
jars are used and they are best, it is
necessary to have the top fit well and
to use new rubbers every time. Rub
bers after being used harden and will
not allow the tops to sink into them
sufficiently to make them air* tight,
and care should be *taken in adjusting
the rubbers to have them fit securely
under the lid.
Some prepare the fruit and vegeta
bles and put to boil large quantities in
kettles, then fill and seal the bottles.
We have found the following plan the
most successful.
Peel and place in jars, whole or cut,
(if fruit) as desired. Fill the Jars
with cold water and let them stand
until ready to place over the fire; then
pour off the water, refill to the brim
with fresh water, adding one teacup
ful of sugar to each half gallon of
iruit. Have the rubbers on the Jar^
and put the tops on loosely. Have a
vessel three or four inch s deeper than
the jars, place a penorated wooden
bottom one inch from the bottom of
the* vessel; set the Jars on this and
fill the vessel with cold water to the
tops of the jars.
Instead of a perforated, wooden bot
tom., a few splints of several thick
nesses of coarse cloth may be used.
Place over the fire and let boil. The
length of time required depends on the
fruit or vegetables used, some requir
ing more than others. Berries, grapes,
peaches, pears, etc., require only a few
minutes* boilinter. When they have
boiled sufficiently, if the water does
not cover the fruit, open the jar and
fill with boiling water. Replace the
top, remove from the fire and tighten
the tops. When cool, tighten the tops
again and in a few hours they should
be examined and if necessary again
tightened. This seems troublesome,
but it is necessary with some Jars.
Vegetables are canned as directed
above, with this difference; when the :
jars are placed in the vessel to boil
they must be covered with water, they
also require longer boiling. One tea-
spoonful of salt to each half gallon
jar adds to the flavor of the vegeta
bles. Tomatoes require three or four
minutes to boil, beans, corn, bets, re
quire longer time, from one to three
hours.
Success in canning depends upon four
things: (1) the vessel containing the
fruit or vegetables must be filled to
the brim; (2) they must be put up
boiling hot: (3) must be perfectly air
tight; (4) keep In a cool, dark place.
If these precautions are carefully ob
served there Is little danger ot loss
of fruit.
BIGGER YIELDS TO THE ACRE
ARE THE THINGS WE NEED MOST
As a basis for better living more
money must be obtained by the farmers
from the acres tilled. In this connec
tion it is well to remember that 337 1-2
pounds of lint cotton per acre at
twelve cents per pound for lint and $20
a ton for seed, is equal in money value
to 175 pounds of lint cotton at tewen-
Jy-five cents a pound for lint and $20
a ton for seed. The money value In
each case is $47.25.
It is apparent to anyone which is
the easier to accomplish. The most
complete co-operation could probably
not compel the world to pay twenty-
five cents a pound for more than a
small part of the present cotton crop,
whereas, it is an easy matter for any
farmer so to improve his lands that
he can grow 337 1-2 pounds of lint
cotton per acre where only 175 pounds
is now produced, and he can do this
even though his neighbors will not
do likewise, or will not co-operate with
him in a legitimate effort to maintain
fair or higher prices. But there is an
other side to this proposition of in
creasing the yield per acre, which Is
generally overlooked. To produce 337
1-2 pounds of lint cotton has on an
average for the last fifty years re
quired about 1.9 acres. If this cot
ton had been produced on ondf acre,
which all will admit could have been
done with good farming, then for every !
acre planted in cotton to make the an
nual crops which we have produced,!
there would have been an additional
nine-tenths of an acre for growing hayl
and corn.
Who will attempt to state whatj
wealth such a system of farming would
have brought to the south during the
last half century?
It would have enabled the south to'
have produced her own mules, corn,
hay and hogs, and the profits saved*
on these alone would have made the
south the most prosperous agricultur
al section in America, because cotton
produced in such a manner Is the best
crop grown in America.
If we are ever to have the money
necessary to build up and maintain
rural conditions that will be as at-i
tractive to our boys and girls as the
cities have become through modern de-'
velopment and inventions, it must come*
through greater yields per acre than
we have made in the past. The man •
who makes only about 175 pounds of
lint cotton per acre, which we must
remember is the average man, and must
buy mules, hay, corn and meat, can
not spare sufficient from his earnings
to make rural conditions attractive.
TRUCK GROWERS’ RALLY
TO BE HELD IN QUITMAN
(Special Dispatch to The Journal.)
QUITMAN, Ga., Aug. 9.—A truck
growers’ rally to be held in Quitman
in November is the project of the
Brooks County, Industrial club as out
lined at a meeting last night. One of
the objects of the club is the develop
ing of the truck business. The farm
ers in the county will meet here in No
vember and talk over the proposition.
If a certain number of them will agree
to plant so many acres of early truck
crops, the Industrial club will take up
the matter of getting buyers here at
the proper time to market the stuff.
It is hoped that at least 500 acres
will be planted in cucumbers, Irish po
tatoes, onions, cabbage, early sweet
corn. Mallory Bros, have already an
nounced that they will plant twenty-
five acres in cucumbers, thirty in Irish
potatoes and ten in early corn. It is
believed other farmers will agree to try
these or similar crops.
The club will invite A. J. Powell, of
Dixie, who has made a success of
truck growing, and others, to give their
experiences and opinions at the meet-
southeastern states last year were in
the poorest condition; short yields were
general.
The corn, rice and sugar cane crops
of the lower Mississippi valley are very
promising, and Louisiana prpmises
bumper yields of corn and rice.
The melon crop of Texas breaks all
records, and one shipment of ninety-five
cars of this fruit is recorded.
Invention May Cause
Death of All Warfare
(By As.ocl.ted Press.)
PARIS, Aug-. 8.—It Is stated that the
French government is watching a se
ries of extraordinary experiments at
Havre with an Invention of a man
named Ullvi, who Is said to have dis
covered means for projecting ultra-vio
let rays a distance of fourteen miles,
and exploding gunpowder contained In
a metallic box.
It is claimed that the rays also will
explode torpedoes at the same distance.
JUDGE MADDOX TO HEAD
VETERAN CAVALRYMEN
ROME, Ga., Aug. 8.—At the annual
reunion of the First and Sixth Georgia
cavalry regiments held here, Judge John
W. Maddox, of the Sixth Georgia, was
re-eelcted as president; J. L. Hargis
was made vice president; G. W. Arbell,
chaplain; J*. A. Wynne, of Cedartown,
adjutant; John W. Bale, son of a prom
inent member of the First Georgia, now
deceased, was made assistant adjutant.
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