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THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA., FRIDAY, AUGUST 22, 1913.
T
THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL
ATLANTA, GA., 5 NORTH TORSYTH ST.
Entered at the Atlanta Postoffice as Mall Matter ot
the Second Class.
JAMES R. GRAY,
President and Editor.
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Pure Milk for Georgia.
The plan of State Chemist Stallings to make a
comprehensive Investigation of the public milk
supply in' Georgia will enlist widespread and merited
approval. There is perhaps no health menace more
insidious than that of impure milk. The larger
cities have the incentive and the means to‘conduct
inspections of their own, but in many towns and in
rural districts this important matter is sorely neg
lected. A thoroughgoing campaign of inquiry and
education, followed by a vigorous enforcement of the
State’s pure food laws in this regard, should go far
toward reducing typhoid and other diseases, and
especially toward lessening the rate of infant mor
tality.
That there is urgent need for such a movement
is shown by the result of the comparatively few tests
already made. It seems, according to specialists,
that ordinarily the bacterial count in milk should not
run higher than a hundred thousand to a third of a
teaspoonful, hut some of the samples of milk exam
ined by the State department have shown a bacterial
count as high as twenty-two million. While laymen
cannot fully appreciate the significance of such ex
periments, it must he evident to everyone that public
interests demand such an investigation as the State
chemist will inaugurate. t
In Atlanta and Fulton county well conducted
movements to safeguard the milk supply and also to
improve the quality of milk have been undertaken,
and the results are distinctly gratifying. Indeed, the
fact that Atlanta ranked first among all American
cities, according to the latest census reports, in the
reduction of the death rate among infants is ascrib-
able largely to the city bacteriologist’s watchfulness
over the production and distribution of milk. It is
clear, however, that in Atlanta much remains to be
done in this connection; and in other communities,
where no organizes effort.of this character has been
made, the work shoild begin without further delay.
It is particularly gratifying that the State has
taken up this task, for it is one that requires activity
at once centralized and far-reaching. The peril of
impure milk is a common peril to all the households
of Georgia that are dependent upon a public milk
supply. The State department of chemistry deserves,
and Will doubtless receive, the people’s hearty co
operation in the great service it plans to perform.
The Lesson of Kansas.
Kansas seems at length to have found a precious
Jewel in its adversity. The recent drought has
kindled a popular realization of the dire need of a
permanent, dependable water supply. The State has
Buffered bitterly but if its ordeal leads to practical
measures against another such disaster, the value of
Its lesson will far outweigh the cost.
Men will never become independent of nature but
they are continually learning how to utilize nature,
so that sun and rain and wind instead of being the
capricious tyrants they once were are made joint la
borers in human tasks. Providence has stepped
down from the sky and in the role of scientist or
engineer is working in the homeliest ways its won
ders to perform. Such an experience as Kansas has
Just emerged from is not considered as an inscruta
ble visitation to which poor mortals must be meekly
resigned but as a work-a-day problem which should
be and can be solved by energy and foresight.
The people of that rich grain-producing State
•are accordingly casting about for feasible means to
protect their crops and other interests against fu
ture droughts. They have found, as the Kansas
City Star says,' that they cannot depend upon ordi
nary wells and ponds for water. “The wells and
ponds have a tendency to go dry in dry weather
and that is the kind of weather that produces the
need for water. Possibly the wells and ponds
would answer the purpose if they were of the right
sort, but the majority of them are of the wet weather
kind. There is water in them when there is plenty
of water everywhere else. * The city water supplies
of a number of cities were constructed on the same
plan—the plan of getting plenty of water during
wet seasons.”
It is estimated that the agricultural loss from the
recent drought would more than suffice to provide
every farm and town with a watei supply that would
he proof against prolonged rainless seasons. What
ever the cost, it would be negligible beside desolation
which continued neglect of this problem will entail,
i
Georgia’s Increased Corn Acreage.
As blithe a bit of news as Georgians have had
in many a day is the announcement from the ag
ricultural department that the State’s corn acre
age for 1913 exceeds that of the preceding year by
more than six hundred and seventy-eight thousand
acres. The hopeful significance of this record goes
further than the farm; it reaches every sphere of
industry and lommerce and foretells a time of
richer prosperity for the people’s common inter
ests.
There were cultivated in Georgia last year three
million, three hundred and eighty-three thousand
and sixty-one acres of corn; this year four million,
sixty-one thousand, four hundred and twelve acres
have been planted. The difference is not to he
reckoned in bushels and dollars alone, though in
that respect its importance is far-reaching, but
chiefly- in the larger ideas and the quicltened prog
ress which are thus revealed. Georgia’s produc
tion of corn when measured by that of-the coun
try at large or by her own nestis and possibilities
is still lamentably small. But the notable and
cheering fact is that within a twelvemonth she has
moved splendidly forward. Her farmers have
caught the message of a new gospel of agriculture
and living forth its truth.
The effect of an increased corn acreage on the
State’s economic welfare can scarcely be over
gauged, either in extent or in variety. It has been
estimated that Georgia lacks more than thirty-
seven million dollars annually oj. making enough
money out of the cotton crop to pay for the food
supplies imported from distant quarters. Last
year alone our people spent something like a hun
dred and seventy million dollars for corn, hay,
oats, meat and other necessaries that could he
raised easily and cheaply at home. This condition
of affairs presents a very vital problem. It means
that the State is agriculturally dependent whereas
by every natural circumstance it should be free and
self-sustaining. It means that we buy more than
we sell, that we are living far above our income,
yet far below our resources. There is but one way
out of such a difficulty and that lies in producing
at home those great food staples which we now pur
chase abroad.
.’he production of corn is especially needful be
cause this product is the basis of many activities
that must be fostered before the State attains its
due measure of thritt and self reliance. Until
Georgia raises an adequate supply ot corn, oats,
hay a: i forage, she can offer, out scant encourage
ment to the livestock industry which, as everyone
realizes, must be developed. We are now short
som- forty-eight million dollars worth of corn each
yea with comparatively few animals to feed. What
a great increase, then must -.iere be in the produc
tion of corn, if stock raising is to have a chance!
The State of Iowa whose area is about the same as
Georgia’s and whose soil and climate are nq r more
advantageous than ours, if as much so, is produc
ing an average of thirty-six bushels of corn to the
acre and at the same tinffe is selling annually two
hundred million dollars worth of animal products.
Evidently, therefore, upon an increase in Geor
gia’s corn yield depends the progress of divers
other enterprises that will add to the State’s wealth,
reduce the cost of living, develop our natural re
sources and usher in a new era of freedom and pros
perity. Hence tne announcement that some six
hundred and seventy-eight thousand more acres of
corn are under cultivation this year than last is
one of extraordinary significance. It indicates a
breaking-away from the old tyranny of the one-crop
idea. It assures us that the farmer is realizing the
cost and folly of staking his all upon cotton and is
turning more largely to the home production of food
supplies.
Credit for this new and better tendency is due
largely to the work of the Boys’ Corn Clubs. It is to
those young and valiant crusaders and to our State
system of agricultural education that we must give
thanks for the constructive changes that are com
ing to pass.
Castro’s Last Game With Fate.
Cipriano Castro’s return from Elba has not
aroused that Napoleonic enthusiasm with which he
counted upon overthrowing the Venezuelan govern
ment between sunrises and making himself dictator
within a fortnight. Though he has gathered to his
standard numerous bands of outlaws and adven
turers, there has been no sign r t spontaneous popular
uprising. In Venezuela, as in most of the smaller
Latin republics, there is a faction of political mal
contents who are ready at all times to follow an
attack on any established government. But it seems,
happily enough, that this element now lacks both
numbers and organ.,.ation. President Gomez has the
loyal support of the governors in all the States, and,
apparently, that of the people as a whole. Business
interests are naturally standing by him, for they still
remember with shrugs and shivers the days when
Castro held the whip and confiscated property for
his personal fortune. The moral support of all for
eign governments is also with President Gomez. The
larger Powers, like the United States, Germany and
England, exerted themselves tc prevent Castro’s re
turn.- Indeed, it was under their concerted agree
ment that he was exiled and was held abroad. His
reign was one of terror and robbery for all foreign
residents; and he was particularly offensive to
Americans and to the United States.
Of especial significance is the attitude the Colom
bian government maintains toward the Venezuelan
situation. It has appointed as minister at Caracas
Emeanulo Lizza, whose good will to President Gomez
is said to be pronounced, and has also expressed con
fluence and friendship for the existing government.
This should counteract the aid which certain indi
vidual Colombians have given the Castro cause, and
preserve peace between these neighboring countries.
Dispatches indicate that the national forces, under
the command of President Gomez himself, are crush
ing the rebellion wherever it shows its head. The
town of Coro, where the Castro followers won their
first victory, has been recaptured in a fight in which
several revolutionary leaders were slain. It is doubt
ful, however, that the trouble will cease until Castro
himself is taken or is driven back to Europe. This is
probably his^last game with fate; the sooner it is
played out the better.
k
The Handwriting on the Wall
BY DR. FRANK CRANE.
(Copyright. 1913. by Frank Crane.)
New York, the greatest state in the union, is
writing history these days in big red letters, as lurid
as those that appeared on the wall of the banqueting
room of the king of Babylon.
The monarch and his soothsay
ers could not read them then.
The people of the United States
cannot read now the meaning
of the bloody inscription.
It means this experiment of
popular government in the New
World is doomed to increasing
sname and scandal, and even
tually to complete breakdown, if
we cannot devise some other
way of political action than by
political parties.
"here is another way. It is
to believe in democracy in our
hearts and not only by our lips;
to train our children in the schools in the art of self-
government; to arouse the civic conscience so that ail
men and women will he shamed into active participa
tion in politics; to organize each local community as
human beings got together for the common cause of
honest government; and to abandon the-humbug and
claptrap of the Republican, Democratic, Progressive,
Socialist and other parties.
The party idea in _ olitics is as destructive to the
idoa of any real democracy as sectarianism is destruc
tive to any idea of real religion.
At present we witness a dirty, sickening spectacle
in the capital city f New York. A governor has re
fused to obey the organization that controls his party.
He is being politically assassinated by all the methods
of blackmail as ruthlessly as the Medici or the Borgias
of Italy put their enemies out of the way.
In all this tragedy the People have little interest
except as spectator!. They never chose Sulzer; he
was put in office by an organization which has entire
control of the system of nomination and election.
The legislators at Albany are not the representa
tives of the People. They are the creatures of politi
cal organization /hose power lies in bamboozling the
People, whose opportunity is found only in the igno
rance, indifference id absenteeism of the People.
Therefore the whole imbroglio is, to the People,
hut a quarrel of angry beach combers over the wreck
age of the state, ♦’>« > -kings and tearings of hungry
coyotes over the carcass of popular government.
Whichever way it turns out makes little differ
ence. Tammany Murphy or Republican Barnes is no
more to the People than a feudal baron was to his
villians. In both cases the governing power was ob
tained by men strong and unscrupulous enough to
dominate a People too stupid to understand how to
govern themselves.
So long as the People despise the very principles
upon which this government rests—to wit, an active
interest in public aifairs by every citizen; so long as
they bring up their ' - ’Iren in mediaevally-monar
chic public schools where their own initiative is per
sistently suppressed; so long as they condemn poli
tics, avoid their public parties and leave government
in the hands of political parties and their secret sup
porters, the massed wealth of those who fatten on
privilege; so long as the People will not realize that
“eternal vigilance is the price of liberty,” and eternal
activity, interest, and energy the price of any real
“government by the People, of the People, and for thij
People”—just so long will such handwritings as those
now blazing at Albany be seen upon the walls.
“And this is the writing that was written: Mene,
mene, tekel, upharsin. This is the interpretation of
the thing—Mene: God hath numbered thy kingdom
and finished it.
“Tekel: Thou art weighed in the balances, and
art found wanting.
“Peres: Thy kingdom is divided, and given to the
Political Grafter or. the one hand, and the criminal
rich and the criminal poor on the other!”
Any other than a government by the People is a
government by Criminals.
International Support
For Our Mexican Policy
It is a significant and reassuring fact that England
and Japan, nations which hitherto have recognized
the Huerta government in Mexico, are now lending
their tacit support to the diplomatic program which
the Washington administration has undertaken. The
British foreign office clearly intimates its recognition
of Huerta was hastened, if not inspired, by a con
gratulatory speech made by Ambassador Henry Lane
Wilson to the provisional president. The ambassador’s
tone and words were naturally constrained as Indi
cating the policy of the United States. Had it been
known at the time that he was distorting and, in
deed, roundly misrepresenting the attitude of our Gov
ernment, England and other foreign nations as well
would doubtless have gone more slowly. Thus it
was evidently not the purpose of England to em
barrass the United States or to set up a Mexican
policy at variance with our own.
Equally significant is Japan’s refusal to receive
Felix Diaz, Huerta’s emissary to Tokyo. There
have been all manner of rabid rumors here of late
concerning the possible influence which Japan might
seek to exert in Mexico; it has even been hinted
that Japan would seize upon the demoralized condi
tions across the Rio Grande to retaliate upon the
United States for the late California unpleasantness.
But her positive refusal to receive Huerta’s spokes
man should suffice to silence such wild babble. It
is, indeed, a declaration of moral sympathy with
the peaceful policy which our Government is now
seeking to put into effect.
All foreign governments, as dispatches relate,
now recognize that the Mexican problem Is pecu
liarly. within the sphere of American diplomacy.
President Wilson’s program is thus much strength
ened and the wisdom of the course he has pursued
is clearly proved.
The Unterrified Turk.
Though ordered out of Adrianople weeks ago,
Turkey continues to loll serenely over its recon
quered battlements. Concerted Europe has issued its
fiat, threatening force if its command is not heeded;
but the “Sick Man,” acting on the theory that, come
what may, he can scarcely be worse off than now,
decides to let Europe make the first move.
France has suggested that the Sultan be whipped
into acquiescence by the Powers withholding all
financial aid from his government until he falls in
line with their Balkan policy. But this threat, as
one observer remarks, Turkey can face “with the
equanimity of the hopelessly insolvent.” Its credit
is already so impaired that, regardless of whatever
it might do, it could scarcely better the case in the
eyes of foreign bankers; and the latter may conclude
that in order to make any assurance of the loans
they have already granted, it will be necessary to
extend a few additional favors.
It would thus seem that if Turkey is to he ousted
from Adrianople, some one must proceed to the task
with drastic measures. But who is that to be? It
was first planned that Bulgaria should undertake
this mission. That nation, however, is manifestly
unprepared for further work of this character. She
has emerged from the recent war with her neighbors-
drained of blood and material resources; every fibre
of her energy is needed in the repair of her domestic
losses. The other Balkan States are obviously unfitted
for such an undertaking.
OU/MTRY
Home TOPICS
6wpocra> HJrrxTOt
MATTIE’S WANTS AND WISHES.
I wants a piece of calico
To make my doll a dress;
I doesn’t want a big piece,
Yard’ll do, I guess.
I wish you’d fred my needle,
And find my fimble, too—
I has such heaps of sewin’—
I don’t know what to do.
My Hepsey tored her apron
A tum’lin down the stair,
And Caesar’s lost his pantaloons
And needs anozzer pair.
I wants my Maud a bonnet,
She hasn’t none at all; |
And Fred must have a jacket,
His ozzer one’s too small.
I wants to go to grandma's,
You promised me I might,
I know she’d like to see me,
I wants to go tonight.
She lets me wash the dishes,
And see in grandpa’s watch—
I wish I’d free, four pennies
To buy some butter scotch.
I wants some newer mittens—
I wish you’d knit me some,
’Cause, most my fingers freezes,
They leaks so in the fum.
I wore’d ’em out last summer,
A pullin’ George’s sled;
I wish you wouldn’t laugh so—
It hurtg me in my head. '
I wish I had a cookie,
I’m hungry’s I can be.
If you hasn’t pretty large ones
You'd better bring me free.
I wish I had a piano,
Won’t you buy me one to keep?
O dear! I feels so tired,
I wants to go to sleep.
* • •
HOW PRESIDENTS ARE INAUGURATED.
Once in four years there is a ceremonial in which
every patriot is interested, and while there are a great
many people who never have seen and will never see
the # inauguration of a president of the United States,
the number who do go to Washington City on that occa
sion is continually increasing.
General Washington’s inaugural is still believed to
be the most enthusiastic, because every mile of his
journey from Mount Vernon to New York City (the
seat of government at that time) was a continuous
ovation. It was a time of popular adoration. He had
to be a sane and sensible man to hold his head level
with two of such inauguration journeys. At the cor
ner of Broad and Wall streets, away down toward the
Battery, he stepped out on the balcpny of the Federal
building and took the oath of office. He wore a suit
of dark brown broadcloth, white silk stockings, silver
buckles on his shoes, a handsome dress sword at his
side, and his hair powdered and gathered in a sort of
chignon or bag. The pictures of General Washington
with which we are most familiar represents him thus.
It was said that the most of his clothing (under
wear) was made on the home looms at Mount Vernon.
The cheers, the shouts and the cannon were heard
miles away, across the harbor, and all the bells in the
city were giving tongue to the public joy.
The second inauguration took place in Philadelphia
in Independence hall. John Adams was inaugurated
in the same place, and it is recorded that his day was
made very gloomy by the tears and grief that attended
the declination of Washington to serve any longer.
Jefferson’s was the first to take place in Washington
President Adams did not like Jefferson, so he failed
to put in an appearance. Jefferson appeared in home-
spun clothes, ditto James Madison. They were extreme
ly patriotic and averse to British manufactures. Mon
roe was the first president to be inaugurated in the
open air. By his time the crowds had increased, until
no house would accommodate them. The capitol was
in an unfinished condition, but a sort of rostrum was
erected on the east side, and that location has never
been changed. Fair weather or foul, storm or sun
shine, the ceremony is performed on the east front of
the capitol building. I never saw a president before
the war, but I have seen every one since Mr. Lincoln's
administration exdept President Arthur.
The record-breaking time, before the war, was An
drew Jackson’s experience. This wild lawyer from the
wilds of Tennessee had made the whole country sit up
and take notice. There had been a campaign document
printed called the “Youthful Indiscretions of Andrew
Jackson, Between the Ages of Sixteen and Sixty,’’ and
an old scandal concerning Jackson’s wife had been
raked into public notice. Jacksbn held John Quincy
Adams responsible for the publication. So it was
deemed prudent for Adams to move out of the White
House on the 3d of March.
All the government officials, including Adams, re
fused to see Andy take the oath of office. The coun
try was wild with hurrah and excitement. Somebody
had prepared barrels of punch at the White House, but
the crowd played havoc with the furniture and White
House decorations. Jackson had two of these noto
rious functions. When Van Buren came in Jackson
rose from a sick bed to ride with him to the capitol.
General William Henry Harrison caught his death sick
ness at his inauguration. He stood bareheaded with
out cloak or gloves in the teeth of a raging northeast
wind to deliver his address. He took his bed shortly
after and died a month later. When Polk went in the
rowdyism at the White House was equal to Jackson’s
time, a disgraceful free fight for supper, and a whole
sale looting of hats, wraps and overcoats.
Zachary Taylor’s inauguration was a military pa
geant with twelve volunteer companies following him.
Until Lincoln’s time the inaugural display grew
tamer and less remarkable. It is said that Mr. Lin
coln had an embarrassing time trying to hold his silk
hat in one hand and his manuscript in the other. He
was used to gesticulation and the hat was inconven
ient, until Hon. Stephen A. Douglas, his opponent in
his campaign, stepped up and relieved Mr. Lincpln of
the burden.
I saw Mr. Hayes inaugurated, and saw Garfield’s
trip from and to the White House on March 4. Gar
field was very bald, &nd« the wind was too raw for me
to go to the capitol, and I fully expected to hear he.
was laid up, because his scalp was surely bar'e every
time I saw it. General Grant’s little daughter, Nellie,
ran to him and grabbed his hand and Garfield kissed
his little withered old mother. There is very little
republican simplicity in any of our later affairs. The
military are out in full force, both army and navy, and
the government spends a whole lot of useless money
around Washington City, but there are no refreshments
who frequent inaugurations must-pay, and pay well,
for food and lodging at that time. It is Washington’s
time to rake in the money. President Wilson omitted
some of the fandangos and the country said “Well
given to the public at th e White House. The people
done.”
HARRY THAW GAVE THEM THE SLIP.
Aren’t you glad he did? I am! For his dear, good,
patient mother’s sake, I hope he will escape to another
country and never appear in America again. He made
a jack of himself in marrying a woman who had no
self respect, and he has paid dearly for it.
I’m glad he has escaped from that insane asylum,
and I hope he will know enough to keep away from
this part of the country.
How many of the Thaw millions that have been
spent on the wretched man’s infatuation for a loose
woman, nobody knows.
But he wouldn’t have had all this notoriety without
the Thaw millions!
OUR DAILY BREAD
VIII—ITS CHEMISTRY
B\ Frederic J Haskin
Yeast is literally as old as the world itself. It is
found in the air we breathe. Set a dish of crushed
fruit in the open air. Although it be. originally free
from yeast, in a short time alco
holic fermentation, which can
be caused only by yeast germs^
will begin. This yeast, found
in the air, Is. the wila from'
which all other yeasts are culti
vated. The Egyptians doubtless*
were the first people to cultivate
yeast, if not to produce leavened
or raised bread. They secured
a bit of live wild yeast by the'
fermentation of some vegetable
body, either fruit or grain, and
set it in dough. A portion ofi
this dough was then saved from'
one baking to another, constitut
ing the “leaven which leavened,
the whole’’ referred to in the Scripture. Some loavesi
of bread baked over 4,000 years ago have been found
in Egyptian tombs and subjected to microscopic ex
amination. The yeast germs were found plainly visi
ble.
The continuation of yeast by saving a portion of the
sponge from one baking to another was known to
every American housewife of the past generation. The
patent yeasts, sojne of which are so perfect in theiri
chemical parts, are a modern development. Some
housewives still use the wet or potato yeast, also'
known as “sots,” which is made simply by taking a
little of the prepared liquor, consisting principally of 1
potato to which yeast has been added, and permitting
it to ferment sufficiently to be used to start the sponge
for the bread. “Sots'* is a form of yeast especially in
favor among Pennsylvania housewives of German ex
traction, and it was not unusual for a woman to pre
serve her “sots” from one baking day to another with
out a single break for a quarter of a century. A
mother gave a “starter” to her daughter when she mar
ried, and the daughter each week boiled the potatoes
for a fresh output until she, too, was ready to pass
over her “sots” to her own daughter.
• • •
Another form of yeast familiar to the old house
wife, especially in New England, is the “dry rising,”
which was started either from some yeast or from a
small quantity of “dry rising” of the same kind. To
make this yeast a small amount of flour was scalded
by a strong tea made from hops. Cold water added
to make it lukewarm and enough additional flour to
make a batter similar to the sponge used in baking
bread. This was kept in a warm place \ until it had
acquired the necessary amount of fermentation and
sufficient corn meal added to make a sort of stiff
dough. This was molded by hand into little cakes an
inch or more in diameter. These were spread out to
dry in some fairly warm place where there was a good
circulation of air and no dampness. When properly
made “dry rising,” sometimes known as hop yeast,
will keep for months. One or two cakes are suffi
cient for a family baking. Before the advent of the
compressed yeast in the grocery store many a woman
was able to make a liberal allowance of pin money by
making “dry rising” for her neighbors.
« • • •
Modern science has made it possible for the large
yeast manufacturer to know absolutely the quality of
his yeast because by microscopic and chemical test he
is able to ascertain its exact condition. Compressed
yeast is now made into small air-proof and damp-'
proof packages and sent by fast express even to re
mote villages. It is the development of the modern
yeast factory as well as the improved quality of flour
which has made possible the perfection of the modern
loaf of bread.
• • •
A large yeast plant Is full of surprises to the av
erage visitor who looks upon yeast as a small mat
ter. A track at one side of an Immense building fur
nishes accommodation for the cars laden with corn,
barley and malt, which form the basis of the yeast
process, his grain must be of the highest quality and
is raised to the storage room at the top of the build
ing by means of grain elevators similar to those In use
In mills. It Is submitted to the closest scientific
tests before being placed in the crusher where It is
thoroughly macerated. Distilled water Is added to
the grain, together with the yeafet germs needed to
start the fermentation. The mash is kept in huge
tanks, having a capacity of hundreds of barrels, at an
evenly regulated temperature until the fermentation
process is completed. This is determined by the gauge
along the ,slde of the tanks which are of copper and
built In tiers of carefully reinforced metal. A register
inside of the tank indicates the height of the coffee-
colored mixture caused by the fermentation of the
grain and water. When the fermentation has reached
the proper point by scientific test the liquid, whibh
resembles a quantity of frothy beer, Is drawn off, leav
ing the bulky portion of the grain. This grain is dried
and shipped away for cattle food.
• • •
The beer-Uke liquid Is drawn into another tank and
submitted to another fermentation, after which all the
solids are extracted from It. These form the yeast
used by the baker. This yeast goes through several
processes by which all excess moisture Is squeezed out
by elaborate machinery and great masses of It are
sent to the molding room to be molded Into blocks.
This yeast Is a creamy, gray substance resembling
stiff putty In appearance. The molding room Is kept
at a low temperature by a liberal use of Ice, to supply
which requires the product of a good sized ice plant
connected with the yeast factory. A thoroughly
equipped chemical laboratory and a staff of expert
chemists are a necessary part of the yeast plant equip
ment, and the different rooms in which the processes
of yeast making take place are kept at an absolutely
even temperature for .each separate process. For fer
mentation a blood heat is desirable. After this has
taken place and the yeast germs have been extracted,
the concluding process of bidding and boxing for ship
ment must be done in a cool room kept absolutely
chilled by a requisite refrigerating system.
• • •
The by-products of a yeast factory are worthy of
attention. In addition to the utilization of the grain
for cattle food, the liquid remaining after the extrac
tion of the yeast germs is also of value. The fermen
tation process has developed a considerable quantity
cf alcohol which is secured by passing It through the
separator. After the alcohol has been taken out It
goes through another process which turns It Into a
white vinegar.
* • •
The utmost 4are is observed throughout the whole
piocess of yeast making. The grain and water * are
weighed with as ijiuch care as the ingredients used in
bread making. The machinery is most .intricate, call
ing into play a number of powerful engines to supply
the power for keeping the liquid in motion during fer
mentation.
• • •
The qualities of the bread depends absolutely upon
the yeast. The be3t kind of flour will not produce
good bread if it does not have proper yeast to raise it,
while with good yeast and a little care even a poor
grade of flour frequently can be made to produce a
fair quality of bread. When yeast made in the scien
tific yeast factory can be supplied by the grocer for
a couple of cents, few women make their own yeast.
* • •
•
Most bakers now depend upon the manufacture
yeast also. It comes to them perfectly fresh each day
and saves much labor and anxiety in the bakery. Care
ful tests have proved that a single pound of yeast
made in this manner is capable of raising 400 pounds
of dough, and the economy of having such concentrated
strength appeals to the average progressive bread
maker. The scientific exactness which has been se
cured in the development of yeast making is indicated
by the statement recently made that 3,135,941,600 yeast
cells are required to properly raise a single pound of
flour, and that a yound of the yeast secured by ex
tracting the germs from the liquid contains 611,720,-
0*4,000 cells.