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THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA., FRIDAY, AUGUST 22, 1913.
St
AGRICULTURAL
IT ni ir A^nnxT
Education
-and Successful £ark\\n%"
pBEW ft &0ULC
BUSINESS PRINCIPLES AS IMPORTANT
ON FARMS AS ’THEY ARE ELSEWHERE
This department mill cheerfully endeavor to furnish, any information.
Letters should be addressed to Dr. Andrew M. Soule, president State
Agricultural College, Athens, Ga.
SOME NEEDS OF THE
LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY
FART H.
The sheep industry finds admirable j there are suitable markets for such ani-
iocal conditions for its development. , mals as may be finished for slaughter.
The hothouse lamb is in demand. Recent- ! suoth but which is undersupplied and
ly they have sold as high as $1 a; There is not a packing house in the
pound. in the gulf states cereal crops having to depend to a considerable ex
may be grazed practically all through tent on cattle or Hogs brought from
the winter, and they produce a most distant states. The markets of the
luxuriant and desirable herbage for j south are improving from year to year
sheep and lambs to graze on. Grain;and better prices are being paid. There
of suitable character can be produced \ is probably some discrimination against
in the south in sufficient quantity to j the stock finished locally, but there is
supply the needed concentrates, and i also another side to the question in that
permanent grass pastures can be had J this stock may not be of as good a
for summer grazing. The country is ad- grade or as well fed oft* as that obtain;
mirably watered and the climate is mild. ! ed elsewhere. There has been an idea
There is only one serious menace to the 1 in the minds of many that western beef
development to this business on a; was better than native beef, and thus
considerable scale, and that is the cur 1 there has been a tendency to pay more
dog which is allowed to roam at large j f° r poorer grades of- western meat
and to dominate the community because! shipped to the south than for native
of the ignorance, greed and indifference j moats .which are certainly as good in
of a few voters who seldom stand for j many instances. A campaign of educa-
progress and avancement. Just so long | tion and enlightenment along this line er
as our ideals will permit a miserable, / much to aid in bettering mar-
worthless dog to replace in our affec-1 conditions, increasing their capacity,
tions the luscious lamb chop and the: lessening ‘discrimination, and resulting
delightful leg of mutton with the profit - ir ] the far-mer securing a better price.
and luxury it brings to any community,
If the commission man wants the live
just so long will this industry lan-i stock business developed he must be
£ U i sh willing to pay the producers a fair
If a live stock business commensu-! p " ce and not <L° mb ine against them for
rate with the needs of the south is to | the purpose of extracting an undue
be developed, freight rates and the IP™® 1 at , their expense.
P j There is no section where pastures
handling of live stock on the part of
our railroads must
consideration. The railroads can not be, , .. .. . .
expected to put on special stock trains!: south, and there are the cereals hay
..... ...... made from legumes. and above all. sil-
receive immediate | ofa raore Permanent or desirable char
acter can be established than in the
made from legumes, and above all, sil
age. There is also produced that ad
mirable companion food, cotton seed
meal, king of all concentrates in the
matter of supplying cheap protein. Com
bined with a minimum ration of corn
for beef cattle, bran and shorts for
... . ., - . .. . _. dairy cattle or fed in conjunction with
onstration to the feeder that a profit- - - 0 ,. OT ,
, , . . . . . .. .. .. silage or hay from the legumes, an
able market can be found for his live-
until there are animals to haul to mar
ket, but there is no reason why greater
expeditions and care should not be ex
ercised in the handling of such ani
mals as we are now procuring. The
roads can afford to make some sacrifices
in this direction for the sake of dem-
ideal ration at a reasonable cost is al-
The advantages which
st°ck and that he can deliver them to ava ilable.
that market in good condition atj the farmers of the south en joy ln this
a fair cost and in a reasonable length h t are unsurpassed elsewhere.
of time. The handling accorded live Durl an experience coverln& a peri od
stock by many of our roads is absurdly twenty years the writer has seen
and characterized by the greatest in-j hcrse breedlng> hog breeding, beef and
difference on the part of'the men inj dairy cattle and sheep breed centers es-
the immediate charge of the trains, tablished in localities where natural
There is no reason why they should be
surly nor is there justification for the
conditions were anything but favorable
at the inception of the work. All these
slamming and jerking about to which: classes of stock have been produced
live stock is subjected. Moreover, the j at a p r0 fit and to the advantage of*the
live stock cars might a,t least be attach- farm owners. Laying a part of the
ed to the fastest and the nearest j land down to grass has resulted in its
through freights the road operates In- increased fertility. Top dressing other
stead of being handled as is frequently parts of the farm with yard manure
the case on local freights. No doubt \ ha s new' life to the soil. The intro-
the live stock departments of the vari- given has new life to the soil. The in-
ous roads realize the need of improve
ment in this direction and will work
assidiously to have rates reduced,
schedules changed and improved, and
the operatives of the road disciplined
with reference to the handling of liv®
stock.
The' south is short on competent vet
erinarians, and without their aid and
service it will be difficult to adequately
develop the # live stock business. There
Is a very marvelous difference between
the “horse doctor” and the veterinarian.
At the present time we are afflicted
with the former, but .extremely short on
the latter. The quack is a nuisance and
a detriment to any community. His
remedies are impotent, his advice based
on superstition, and his treatment quite
at variance with nature. No wonder the
rilan who pays $1,000 for a pure-bred
stallion and entrusts him to his care and
finds him dead the next morning is dis
gusted with the live stock business.
Animals to be kept healthy and in a
vigorous condition must be rationally
fed and treated. They must be main
tained under sanitary conditions and the
little ailments to w'hich they are sub
jected diagnosed properly. This cannot
be done except through the services of
competently trained veterinarians who
become established in a community and
give their time and attention to the
promotion of live stock industries ^just
as business or professional men in other
lines of work.
In order that progress may be made
in the development of our live stock
business, it is desirable that breeding
centers be established, at several points
in any state. Of course, if cattle are
selecte4 for the special work in view, it
is desirable that ticks be eradicated, and
in practically every state there are coun
ties where the work is either in progress
or completed so that there is no rea
son why public attention should not be
directed to the possibilities these phases
of the business afford. An appropriation
of several thousand dollars a year with
which to produce and, maintain in the
different communities pure-bred sires
representing the different classes of
stock will result in a period of three to
five years in so materially changing and
improving the progeny that a revelation
will have been wrought in the eyes of all
observers. Moreover, a new industry
will then have been established in that
particular area, and immediately it be
comes a center for the distribution of
pure-bred animals to other sections of
the state, and an illustration as well of
the advisability of establishing a similar
enterprise in another community. These
practical demonstration lessons should
be made through the agency of the State
College of Agriculture and its extension
service. The cost to the state is trifling
compared with the great benefits to be
derived. It is hoped that a number of
these centers may be established in
Georgia at no distant date.
The question now arises as to whether
diversification and has given the farmer
something to sell at practically all sea
sons of the year instead of being de
pendent on one crop as has been the
case hitherto. A new ambition and pur
pose has come into the life of the peo
ple. Profits have been made from the
business where it has been judiciously
managed. These are some of the bless
ings which will surely follow the in
troduction of live stock has resulted in
munities which have so long remained
indifferent to it. Does it not offer a
golden opportunity to all farmers who
are seeking to escape from the thraldom
of cotton?
ANALYSIS OF CYANAMID.
J. R. H., Swainsboro, Ga.. writes: Please
tell me the analysis of cyanamld, and of ani
mal tankage, and is the nitrogen contained
in them worth as much as that in* cotton
seed meal and soda
Calcium cyanamid, about which you in
quire, contains from 10,to 16 per cent
of available nitrogen; when chemical
ly pure it contains as much as 35 per
c^it of nitrogen, but the commercial
product known as lime of nitrogen is
no£* pure. In appearance it is a fine
powder of a dark gray color. It is made
from calcium carbide, the substance so
familiar in the production of acetylene
gas, and pure nitrogen obtained from
liquifying air. The carbide is reduced
retor into which the nitrogen is passed.
The product is removed in the form of
a hard cake which is cooled out of
contact with air then crushed to a pow
der and exposed to the air before pack
ing. Theoretically, 64 pounds, of cal
cium carbide combine with 28 pounds of
nitrogen to produce 80 pounds of cal
cium cyanamid mixed with 12 of carbon
in which case the mixed product would
contain about 30 per cent of combined
nitrogen. These results, however, are
not realized in acthal commercial oper
ations.
Animal tankage varies widely in com
position, depending on the source from
which is is obtained, Tankage contains
from 4 to 12 per cent of nitrogen, and
from 2 to 18 per cent of phosphoric
acid. Concentrated tankage is of
coorse the richest form of this mate
rial. Pound for pound of available ni
trogen, it is probable that the nitrogen
in these two sources of material is
as serviceable as that in many other
forms. There is a difference in the
relative advailability of nitrogen from
different sources, and the comparative
cost of a pound of available nitrogen
must always be taken into consideration
by the farmer who desires to purchase
this essential and costly element of
plant food in the most economical man
ner.
Cotton seed meal furnishes an organic
form of nitrogen, and nitrate of soda
the most quickly available form- known.
These two sources of commercial nitro
gen can be used to great advantage by
Georgia farmers, but other sources
should not be excluded unless it Is
shown that they are too costly or be-
in swine breeding, as in every other
industry, the business side of the in
dustry is a very important feature.
That it has often been overlooked has
resulted in unsatisfactory profits and
ultimate discouragement even when
the breeder has become fairly well
acquainted with the details of the busi
ness.
Success in any business is very
largely dependent upon the managers
business habits. The investment in
swine breeding, whether it be breed
ing registered stock to sell as breed
ers. or raising pork for market and
home use. must be treated as capital
in any other business. Since land
values have increased considerably
within recent years and feed crops
are more expensive to producq, breed
ers must look carefully to the cost of
raising swine.
It is a very difficult matter to pro
duce cheap pork without keeping ac
counts. Some idea must be had as to
the cost of feeding and marketing
each animal. Without this, the breed
er can never be sure he is making
money. This information is neces
sary not only at the time the animal
is disposed of, but while it is being
fed. The best way to keep accounts
is to take an inventory at the begin
ning of the year, making note of the
value of the farm, equipment, feeding
stuff, animals on hand, etc., then fix
a price on all the feed consumed,
grazing crops utilized and labor re
quired in taking care of the animals
until sold. This will require that
scales be handy, feed be weighed, and
daily or weekly records be kept. But
this is worth while. There is no oth-
way accurately to determine what
pork costs per pound on your farm,
and this information is necessary for
your success in breeding and feeding.
The most important consideration in
raising hogs is crops for feed. It is
seldom profitable to raise hogs where all
come too slowly available t.o meet the
needs of farm crops.
POULTRY AT THE STATE COLLEGE,
correspondent writes: I understand
tunt there has been established a poultry
department in connection with the State
College of Agriculture, and I would like
to have some information concerning it.
It is true that a department of poul
try husbandry has been established in
the Georgia State College of Agricul
ture, and that provision has been made
to organize the work of this department
along quite extensive lines. Some ten
acres of land will be at its disposal.
Brooder houses have already been con
structed. and incubator and exhibition
houses will be built during the summer.
Our professor has considered it better
policy to raise his own chickens, and al
ready has several hundred on hand. It
is our intention in the course of the
next year or two to have a 200,000 egg
plant, and maintain at least 1,000 lay
ing hens. Our work will be projected
along several lines. There will be the
commercial phase. We will endeavor to
make this part of the work self-sustain
ing, because we desire to impress upon
the people of the state the economic im
portance of poultry husbandry, and we
believe that the students whom we in
struct will be inspired if they realize
that the work is being carried on profit
ably. We will also maintain a number
of breeds for study and comparison and
experimental work. Naturally, a good
many investigations into the merits of
incubators, the relative efficiency of
breeds, the utility of various foods, and
the best conditions for maintaining
chickens under our climatic conditions
will be undertaken. We propose that
our plant shall be a source of informa
tion and constant guidance to the poul
try industry of the state. It is our in
tention to put -representatives of this
department on the road so that they
may talk to our farmers at" institutes,
extension schools and other .meetings
held by the college from time to time.
We will have a correspondence depart
ment in which an attempt will he made
to jjnswer all inquiries relative to the
business. The professor in charge will
attempt to gather all the information
and advice possible relative to diseases
and their control. Naturally, we will
have short courses In poultry husban
dry at the college, and' all our student
body will be brought into touch with
the work of this department. We hope
to organize and develop in the next two
or three years one of the most efficient
poultry departments in the United
States, and to make it of value, not
only to Georgians, but to the people of
other sections on account of the em
phasis which we will lay on research
and expriment.
THRESHING PEAS BY -MACHINERY.
J. S. M., Bartlesville, Ga., writes: I am
contemplating buying a pea threshing out
fit run with a six-horse gasoline engine, and
would like to have your opinion of such a
machine. With dry peavines how many tons
can be threshed in a. (lay? What per cent
of peas does It crack? How would it do
with wheat, oats, rye and barley ?
TRY OUR RAZOR-SENDNO MONEY.
We have purchased one of the so-
called farmers’ threshing* machine out
fits to which you refer, and have found
it quite satisfactory. It is, of course,
strictly a farmer’s machine, and has,
relatively speaking*, a small capacity on
that account. The machine does satis
factory work as to efficiency, and we
have found the six horse power engine
quite capable of pulling the load with
out. trouble. As to the quantity of peas
you can thresh per day with such a
machine that depends on many condi
tions. If the hay is unusually dry and
from varieties of peas that have rather
short vines, you may possibly thresh
as many as sixty bushels. If it is long
vined hay, such as would be obtained
from the Clay and other vigorous grow
ing varietties. you will probably not
thresh over 20 or 25 bushels. We have
found it necessary to remove the con
caves and change the pulleys in thresh
ing peas to prevent cracking. When the
hay is not too dry and the machine is
run at a moderate speed only a small
per cent of the peas are cracked. I do
not think we have been able to thresh
over 300 bushels of oats in any one
day with our machine. Presumably it
would thresh a little faster. We think
you will find this machine satisfactory
for the purpose for which it is sold.
f *550VALUE r*
N0W0NLY*165 L
THIS *192 STROP and
HONE FREE
BREEDS OF HOGS FOR GEORGIA.
A. L. C., Faceville, Ga., writes: Which
breed of hog do you consider superior, the
Puroc-.Tersoy or Polnnd-Chinag Which Is
largest at the same age with the same
treatment?
25 YEARS
The Duroc Jerseys are now consider-
GUARANTEE ably reduced in size over the average of i
this breed a few y^ars ago. They vary
! USE OUR RAZOR 10 DAYS—Test its quality yourself. You will get the
| easiest and smoothest shaves you ever had, for a better shaver could not
I he made. You will agree with us this Razor is worth $3.50. If you don’t, send
I Razor back and we -will charge you not a penny. If you are pleased, pay our
I wholesale factory price of $1.65 and the Razor, our Corrugo Strop and our
I Escher Hone are all yours. When you see the goods they will prove their value.
|tAME..
greatly in this respect, however. They
are not quite equal to the Berkshire and
Poland China in size, but they bear a j
close relationship to these breeds in j
form, though they differ radically in
color. The Duroc Jerseys with their;
rather light straight heads, drooping;
ears and smooth and neat frame bear ;
no little resemblance to the Poland!
Chinas in form, but they are larger and
stronger in limb. They stand high
among the American breeds as to pro
lificacy, but in this respect there is not
wide variation from that of a number
of other standard breeds. Possibly in
some sections where the Poland China
has been bred for great refinement and
>"^1y,™ c »rn there la not quite
*. the same degree of prolificacy as wit
nessed in the Duroc Jersey. There
...St, orR. F. D.No .-Box would be very little difference, however,
12 in weight or rat# ©£ gain made by* Riga
The M1DDLEBR00KS RAZOR is Hollow Ground, made of the finest s'.eel.
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the Eschcr Hone are included with-each razor sold free to introduce them. They
I are alone worth the special price for razor. If you purchase razor, you may, if
| desired, earn through handing out a few cards, the mirror and the brush shown.
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Our Products are fully guaranteed.
MirPLEBROOKS CO., Dept. 12
162 N. Dearborn St. Chicago, III.
-COUPON
MiddlebrooksCo., Chicago. „ . , _ ... .
Gentlemen: I accept your Razor. Strop and Hone offer. If razor is satisfactory, I will sena
you your special wholesale factory Price of $1*65.
and no charge is to be made for trial.
the feed must be bought. Breeders
know this and try to raise as much of
the feed as possible. All of the grain
should be raised, forage crops planted
for grazing, and as much of the concen
trates produced on the farm as is possi
ble. Usually it will be necessary to
buy only a small quantity of concen
trates such as cotton seed meal, tank
age, shorts, bran, etc. Many crops that
furnish protein, can, as a rule, be grown
br. the farm. Among the crops that may
be grown for this purpose are alfalfa,
peas, soy beans, peanuts, etc. As the
protein is the most expensive element
in a feeding stuff when bought, it will
be seen that good business requires that
these crops be grown when possible.
One of the advantages of raising
swine is that these animals consume by
products and some products that would
otherwise be wasted. Skimmed milk is
a by-product from the dairy, yet it is a
most excellent feed for swine. When
fed with grain and pasture, skimmed
milk generally insures economical gains.
On most farms there are sweet pota
toes, sorghum, unsalable fruits, surplus
vegetables, all of which should con
tribute toward economy in feeding.
Where cattle are fed corn economy re
quires that hogs follow the caitle as
this saves grain and enables the breed
ers to reduce the cost of feeding.
Since the cost of producing swine is
very largely dependent upon the cost
of feed, it follows that the cost of pro
ducing crops is a large factor in cheap
pork, or economical fitting of breeding
stock, The price of pork will generally
fluctuate q.s the price of corn and other
grains rise and fall. Likewise will the
breeder’s profits depend upon what it
cost him to feed corn, kaffir, milo, graz
ing crops, etc.
Pasture in permanent fields must also
be taken into account because it has
value and it is a part of the original
investment.
Grazing* crops must be made use of
freely where the permanent pasture is
not sufficient to furnish succulent food
when it is needed, .and since the per
manent pasture is seldom ample for this
purpose, special crops must be grown.
There are a number of crops that may
be used for this purpose and the breed
er must select those that produce the
most pork at the minimum price. To do
this, a knowledge must be had of the
cost of growing the various crops. It
may require several years for the man
ager to arrive at the estimate of grow
ing crops, but it can be done and it
should be done in order that the feeder
may have satisfactory information.
Much depends upon the conveniences
at the disposal of the feeder in reduc
ing the cost of labor. The place must
be supplied with water, if possible, un
der pressure, so that the animals may
have an abundance of pure water, not
only for drinking, but to cool their
bodies in hot weather. Economy de
mands that little time and* labor be re
quired in watering the herd.
An abundance of hog wire is always
needed to permit the manager to fence
off his fields to be grazed so little time
will be lost in transferring from one
field to another. A general plan should
be followed in building farrowing pens,
breeding pens, and the various pastures
and fields. Simplicity, convenience and
economy should be striven for to allow
a wider margin on the profits.
It will cost something to keep the
pens, water, feeding troughs and sur
roundings sanitary, but it is absolutely
necessary from a business point of view.
One outbreak.of cholera or swine plague
may destroy the profits and demoralize
the herd for several years. The breeder
cannot afford to take any risk, hence
he will incur the expense of keeping the
place sanitary as necessary cost in
production.
The cost of marketing is an item that
should have the greatest attention. Ev
ery breeder should carefully work out
his own plan, remembering the advan
tage of co-operation with his neighbors
and fellow-breeders, and striving al
ways to sell his animals on their mer
its. Every dollar saved in marketing
Is? one dollar more to add to the profits.
It is hoped that some of these sugges
tions may seem practical, and cause
some one to work out business princi
ples that will make his operation^ more
successful.
from well selected individuals of either
breed. There is as much variation in
weight, character and quality of animals
due to the method of feeding and hand
ling pursued,, as of the different breeds.
There are so many factors of individu
ality entering into a discussion of this
question that a definite conclusion can
not be reached. You may rest assured,
however, that there is no wide differ
ence between the two breeds in the re
spects mentioned in your letter.
DESTROYING LICE ON CATTLE.
J. M. B., Rome, Ga., writes: Please ad
vise me bow to kill lice on cattle. Would
also like'to visit the college of agriculture
to get some information on farming.
Lice may be destroyed on cattle by the
use of a solution of creolin in the pro
portions of one part to fifty parts of
water. Any of the coal tar dips will
answer equally well. It is important to
feed the animals carefully and keep the
quarters thoroughly clean. All straw
and litter on the floors and in the stalls
should be gathered up and used as a
source of humus in the fields, but if
there is only a small amount it should
be burned. The mangers, rubbing posts
and fences should be thoroughly white
washed. The creolin may be put on with
a mop or hand spray pump or in some
other convenient manner. The treat
ment should be repeated from time to
time.
Visitors to the college are welcome at
all times. It is best to write and let us
know when ypu are likely to reach the
college, as in this way arrangements can
be made to show you around to better
advantage than if you just drop in un
expectedly. Hundreds of farmers now
avail themselves of the opportunity to
visit the college and see what is being
done by the various departments to se
cure information and advice of primary
importance to the farmers of the state.
'DTWrT>‘IJ*T> Attachment with Corn Harvest-
A/ JZfXV er outs and throws in piles on
harvester or winrows. Man and horse cuts and
shocks equal with a Corn Binder. Sold in every
state. Price $20.00. W. H. BUXTON, of Johns
town, Ohio, writes: “The Harvester has proven
all you claim for it; the Harvester saved me
over $25 in labor last year’s corn cutting. I cut
over $500 shocks; will make 4 bushels corn to
a shock.” Testimonials and catalog free, show
ing pictures of harvester. Address
NEW PROCESS MEG. CO . SALINA, KANSAS.
Trade and Crop Re
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HOW INCREASED FERTILITY OF
SOIL HELPS MARKET PRICES
thta than ynn'eTer thought’poaeibior 80 easy to make it you
astonished. Only one FREE 8AMPLE BOOK to each
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Chicago Tailors* Isi’g, Dept. &S0 faa Buren St, Chicago
RICHMOND—Crops are in good con
ditions. Corn • and tobacco have been
improved by rains, but fruit is short-
Late vegetables are in fair condition.
Trade is active, due to special efforts to
attract buyers to market. Collections
are slightly better.
CHARLESTON. S. C.—Trade and col
lections continue slow. The cotton crop
is in fine shape, and the first bale of
the new crop was received here this
week. The * crop is about one week
earlier than last year.
CHATTANOOGA—General trade con
ditions, considering the season, are satis
factory. Wholesale dealers in dry goods
and notions report trade about normal,
while dealers in boots and shoes think
there is a slight improvement in their
line. Pig iron is selling better and
prospects are more favorable. Little
change is noted in textile lines. Tem
peratures have been high for the week,
but a general rain on Thursday relieved
conditions, and crop prospects still are
good.
/MEMPHIS—Midsummer dullness pre
vails in all lines. However, crop con
ditions are excellent and prospects for
fall are good. Collections are slow.
ATLANTA—Over. 1,200 merchants
visited the convention here, and in con
sequence trade, wholesale and retail, is
gcod. Collections are* fair. Crop con
ditions continue favorable.
SAVANNAH—Trade in all lines con
tinues quiet, with collections slow. In
dications are that a change in the sea
son and the moving of crops will great
ly improve conditions, hence brisk buy
ing for fall and spring requirements is
anticipated. Lumber dealers report busi
ness quiet
BIRMINGHAM—The big iron market
is firm, with demand showing a slight
increase. Trade, wholesale and retail,
is only fair. Collections are slow. Crops
are in excellent condition and prospects
are good.
MOBILE—Trade in all lines remains
quiet and collections are slow. Crop
conditions continue favorable, and large
harvests are expected.
MONTGOMERY—Trade conditions
continue fairly satisfactory. Some im
provement is noted in wholesale lines.
Collections are poor. There is very lit
tle activity in building. Cotton and
corn continue to advance under favor
able weather conditions, and the out
look for large yields is good.
JACKSON—Wholesale trade is sea
sonably normal, but retail business is
quiet, except for clearance sales. Crops
are in very good conditior^. Collections
are slow.
NEW ORLEANS—Local showers
have fallen over this district almost
daily during the past week, but there
has been no excess of any consequence,
and crops will be benefited rather than
damaged. Some rice harvesting is be
ing done, and a few of the cotton plant
ers report their crops as rapidly matur
ing. Prospects continue to look good
for a favorable yield of all crops. Job
bers report increased activity in sales
and collections fair. Rains have affect
ed the retail trade, which is usually slow
at this season
FORT * WORTH—Continued dry
weather and high temperature is very
much deteriorating cotton in the central
western and north central western
parts of Texas. Upland cotton is suffer
ing from lack of moisture, without
which very soon a large part of the
crop will be lost. Those who claim to
be posted, however, state that with rains
in these sections within the next ten
days and cooler nights in September,
material improvement can be made. For
age crops have been practically made,
and it appears that a sufficient amount
has been harvested to carry farmers
through until next season. Retail trade
is quiet, the extreme heat and unpleas
antness of the weather having affected
this line very much, still a good busi
ness is looked for in the fall. Col
lections continue fair.
THE CROPS.
Crop reports to Bradstreet’s this
week show that the heavy rains or
showers that visited Iowa, Illinois and
the eastern corn belt this week did not
extend into Kansas or the other
drought-stricken sections. Besides the
heavy damage in Kansas, injury rang
ing from 25 to 50 per cent is reported
in Nebraska south of the Platte river,
western Missouri and parts of southern
Iowa. Central Illinois, the two prin
cipal corn-growing states, eastern Mis
souri and parts of Indiana and Ohio
have been helped by rains, and the
damage has been arrested. Iowa now
reports enough moisture in the state to
carry the crop to maturity. Late ad
vices are that some rain has fallen in
Topeka, Kan., but the corn crop of
Kansas, judging from reports, is a prac
tical failure, and that state must buy
corn or use wheat and other feedstuffs
to take its place. Trade estimates of'
damage since August 1, the date of the
government report, are a further loss
of 300,000,000 bushels. The total crop
promise, maximum estimate, now does
not exceed 2,500,000,000 bushels, or
about what was gathered in 191.
Spring wheat harvest is about com-'
pleted in northern Iowa, South Dakota
and southern Minnesota, and is now ac
tive in North Dakota and northern Min
nesota. A good crop of excellent quality
is indicated in spring wheat as a whole.
Winter wheat threshings are rather
better than earlier indicated, and 525,-
000,000 bushels minimum is a prevail
ing estimate, which with an 'average
spring wheat yield indicates i total
wheat crop in* excess of all previous
records.
The apple crop of Washington prom
ises 60 to 70 per cent of last year,
with pears and peaches a short crop.
Except in Texas and Oklahoma, the
southern corn crop promises well, and
the south this year will not need to buy
as much corn as usual.
Aside from some deterioration in
north central and west Texas and parts
of Oklahoma, due to high temperatures
and dry weather, Cotton crop reports
are generally favorable, especially so
from the 'lower Mississippi and the
eastern half of the belt.
Tobacco in Virginia, Maryland and
Kentucky has been helped by rains, and
the outlook has brightened.
THE REAL SIZE OF THEf CROPS.
The government report of August 8
indicated only two out of twelve lead
ing crops as likely to show gains over
1912, these being winter wheat and rice,
with increases of 27 and 8 per cent re
spectively, while such important crops
as corn, oats, potatoes, spring wheat
and hay fell off 14, 27, 20, 30 and 12
per cent respectively. As several times
before stated, however, the fact needs
to be borne in mind that the 1912 crops
■ of these five staples were record-break-
i ers, and far and away larger than in
i any preceding year. Hence the danger
i of making comparisons rather unfavor-
i able to the present year, which, after
• all, still promises comfortably large to
tal yields”of most leading crops. To in
stance the variation of results when
compared with a year of really short
crops, it might be worth noting that
ten out of twelve leading crops this
year show gains over 1911, such, for in
stance, as corn and barley, 5.5 per cent;
winter wheat 19 per cent, spring wheat
22 per cent, all wheat 20 per cent, oats
11.5 per cent, hay 16 per cent, rice 17
per cent, and potatoes 15 per cent.
When one considers the agencies at
work it is not difficult to understand
why agriculture is attracting so much
attention. In the first place, every one
Ttcognizes that agriculture is the foun
dation upon which all industrial, educa
tional and social fabrics must be laid.
It is a foundation deep and broad.
In the sense we wish to apply the
word agriculture here it means the
science or art of cultivating the soil,
harvesting the crops and selling the
products of the farm. It is a potent
fact that the' success or failure of a
community and the happiness and con
tentment of its people depends upon the
success or failure of its agriculture.
Crop shortage in any community tends
to depress the spirits of the inhabi
tants of the community, it matters not
whether the majority of its inhabitants
are engaged in agriculture or not. All
are affected alike in times of short crop
yield. And this is one of the reasons
why there is such a stirring among all
interests to further and advance agri
culture.
During the past few years great at
tention has been given to the question
of conserving the fertility of our soils.
If the nation’s prosperity depends upon
the productiveness of the land is it not
wise that it be lengthened? Rob a soil
of its productiveness and its wealth-
producing function is impaired. It is
then the part of wisdom for our nation’s
rulers to consider the question of the
soil and its power to bring happiness
and contentment to our people.
It is all well and good" for us to
spend our energies in devising methods
to find a market for the products of the
farm, but it is infinitely more vital
to the sth.bleness of our institutions that
we address ourselves to the perpetuat- 1
ing of the soil’s power to produce crops.
Deplete the soil of its fertility and the'
marketing question will adjust itself.
The two most important problems!
which at this time confront us are the 1 *
conserving of the soil fertility and de-’
vising a method of marketing farm pro
ducts. Our soil's fertility must be!
conserved and the farmer’s surplus pro-'
ducts sold. A system of agriculture!
that robs the soil of its power to pro- 1
duce is a ruinous system, and if fol-.
lowed will impoverish the nation. There'
is no need for a soil to become less pro-,
ductive because of the crops grown'
upon it. binder the ordinary sys
tem of agriculture practiced, the soil is'
being robbed of its fertility and power 1
to produce. If this system of agri
culture is persisted in we shall be forced
to go to the other nations for our food 1
supply. Should this ever become nee- 1
essary our boasted civilization would'.
become a memory.
It is not our purpose here to discus*
the methods of farming which will both
increase our soil’s fertility and power to
produce. We have before done this. But'
we wish to emphasize the importance of'
a serious consideration of these ques
tions which effect permanency of agri
culture and the happiness of our peo
ple. Our national and state govern
ments are placing these matters before)
the farmers for their consideration and'
it is a patriotic duty which they owe 1
the government to adopt and follow the
method suggested. It will insure Vu
perpetual fertile soil, increase the'
wealth of the nation and bring happi
ness and contentment to our people.
A COVERCROPTO
FOLLOW COTTON
A Mississippi reader makes the fol
lowing inquiry: ‘What is best to sow
In cotton at last plowing for the ben
efit of these prairie lands, crimson
clover or vetch? Remember these lands
are to be turned for cotton during
coming winter and spring.”
We regret that there is no crop
known that, will make sufficient growth
sowed when the cotton is laid-by to be
of any great value if turned under dur
ing the following winter and early
spring. Certainly neither crimson clover
nor vetch will serve this purpose,for
these plants make this purpose, for
growth during March, April and May.
If the cotton is not too thick cow-
peas might make considerable growth,
but they are objectionable when they
make such growth, because a serious
obstacle to cotton picking. As a rule,
however, they do not make satisfactory
growth and it is doubtful if the sow
ing of cowpeas in cotton will or should
become general or popular. Rye or oa + -s
sowed at the last working of the cot
ton is not likely to make much growth
during the hot months of August and
September, if they are not actually kill
ed; but the rye being a better grower
in cool weather might make sufficient
growth during a mild winter, or in the
southern part of the cotton belt, to jus
tify sowing It, even though it must
be plowed under in March.
On the whole, It is probable that in
the southern part of the cotton belt
any cover crop sowed In cotton, had
better be sowed immediately after the
first picking, rather than at the last
working, unless the crop is cultivated
later than Is the general custom. In
fact, even in the northern part of the
cotton belt, it is questionable if this
is not also true.
Cotton occupies the land too large a
part of the year to make fall-sowed
cover crops satisfactory when cotton
follows cotton year after year. We do
not believe that any satisfactory cover
crop can be used when cotton occupies
the land every year. It stays on the
land late and preparation must begin
early, and at best the idea is fundamen
tally wrong. We shall probably nev
er build up or maintain soil fertility
until we recognize the basic fact that
to obtain a satisfactory crop rotation
no one crop should occupy more than
one-third the cultivated land, certainly
not until we are willing to limit the
cotton crqp to at least half the land
and grow it on the same land not often-
er than once in two years.
CONDUCTOR’S HEAD IS
SEVERED BY OWN TRAIN
(Special Dispatch to The Journal.)
DALTON; Ga., Aug. 21.—Conductor Ed
Salmon, of a north bound Southern local,
was Instantly killed when run down by
his own train near the Waugh street
crossing at 11:30 this morning. His head
was completely severed from the body,
being picked up along side the track.
He was supervising placing some cars on
a side track when killed. His home was
ln Rome.
CITIZENSHIP DENIED TO
RUMANIAN VOLUNTEERS
BERLIN, Aug. 21.—The Rumanian
government, which promised to confer
citizenship on Jews who served in the
army in the recent campaign against
Bulgaria, seems bent, according to the
Tagerblatt on restricting its action to
the narrowest limit.
GEORGIA CORN ACREAGE
NGREASEO BY 600100
Acreage for 1913 Is 4,061,-
412—Fine Condition Prom
ises Bumper Crop
Reports of the United States depart
ment of agriculture recetevd in the
Georgia agricultural department show
more than a 600,000 increase ln corir
acreage of Georgia • over last year.
These figures were arrived at Wed
nesday morning by Assistant Commis
sioner of Agriculture Daniel G. HugheS.
and show the acreage for this year to
be 4,061 J12 against 3,383,061 ln 1912.
or a gabs of 678,361 acres over the pre
ceding »ear.
The total corn acreage of the coun
try is 106,884,000, according to the fed
eral reports just received and of that
vast area Georgia represents .0381. The
system of reaching approximately the
acreage of the state Is simply to tako
thlty-eight thousandths of the United
States report, which gives the total for
Georgia.
This tremendous increase will mean
a like Increase ln production of corn 1
and the excellent condition of the cropl
presages one of the most successful 1
years for corn growers ln the history
of the state.
NEW PATENT CHIEF
SIGNS FIRST RECORD
WASHINGTON, Aug. 21.—To Harry
McKenzie Ridge, of London, England,
has fallen the distinction of being the
first inventor whose patent has gone on
the record in the United States office
bearing the signature of the new com
missioner, Thomas Ewing. Mr. Ridge is
safeguarding his interests in a “muf
fled roasting furnace,” which he al
ready has patented ln other countries.
“Just what is a ‘muffled roasting fur
nace?’ ” demanded an inquisitive visit
or of the clerk today who had entered
the record.
“A muffled roasting furnace,” repeat
ed the clerk, scratching his 1 ear with
his pen, “why It's—I should say it was
—Oh, I’ll be hanged if I know."
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