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THE ATLANTk PEMT-WE^LY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA.,
FRIDAY, OCTOBER 3 ;
1913.
AGRICULTURAL,
EDUCATION
Successful Farmin^-
mtup[. $ouLt
This department will cheerfully endeavor to furnish any information.
Letters should be addressed to Dr. Andrew M. Soule, president State
Agricultural College. Athens, Ga.
What Cotton Seed Means to the Farmer
Few by-products of the farm require
more earnest consideration at the hands
of the producer than cotton seed. Tnc
best disposition to make of it is natural
ly a matter of great concern. It can,
of course, be kept on the farm and
utilized after a fashion for feed or fer
tilizer. Experiments along this line are
legion in number. Those which have
been made in a careful manner by rep
utable institutions, however, indicate
that the farmer has not been able to
secure as large return from his seed
when fed directly to live stock or used
as fertilizer as he could hope to obtain
through their sale and the utilization of
the by-products in the furtherance of
his farming operations. The United
States department of agriculture made
ail extensive series of experiments a
few years ago in an effort to determine
what should be done with cotton sed
These tests reveal the fact that where
twenty bushels of seed was applied with
380 pounds of acid phosphate and
twenty-five pounds of muriate of
pctash, compared with 300 pounds of
meal and an equal amount of phosphate
and potash, the results favored the meai
bv eighty-eight pounds of seed cotton
per acre. This would J>e a difference of
at least $6 per acre in favor of the
meal. These experiments were repeated
under varying conditions for several
years. They were made by men abso
lutely without bias and with no interest
or concern in the outcome, and the dif
ference observed was so marked as to
indicate that the wise disposition to
make of cotton seed under ordinary cir
cumstances would be to sell them and
substitute meal therefor in mixed fer
tilizers.
The seed when fted directly to live
stock are known to be unsatisfactory in
many particulars. They contain so
much oil that scouring is sometimes in
duced, and often animals do not eat
them as readily as is desirable. More
over. if they constitute the exclusive
concentrate they are likely to produce
digestive troubles of more or less per
manent character, and certainly they
affect the quality of butter obtained
from dairy cows in an unfavorable man
ner, making it very slick, greasy and
lacking in aroma and flavor.
In the handling and management of
cotton seed the farmer should naturally
be actuated only by selfish motives. In
other words, he should utilize them so
as to secure for himself the largest pos
sible return in a financial way. It has
been shown that a ton of average meal,
say containing 6.18 per cent ( of nitrogen,
is more effective for fertilizing purposes
than two tons of seed. All will appre
ciate that a ton of meal may be bought
for much less than two tons of seed.
This being true, the farmer should
naturally sell or exchange his seed for
meal if he has the facilities on his farm
to feed the meal to the very best ad
vantage and secure from it at least
three-fourths of the fertilizing value it
contains in the form of yard manure.
It is needless to point out the remark
able benefits obtained from the use of
yard manure on soil types quite marked
ly deficient in vegetable matter.
By disposing of the seed and utilizing
the meal in the manner suggested, sev
eral benefits are thus obtained by the
farmer. He not only secures a larger
monetary return for his seed in the first
place than it can be made to bring him
either as feed or fertilizer, but, by
utilizing the meal, he can increase the
number of live stock kept on his farm
and thus add to his supply of yard
manure. When doing this he is increas
ing the vegetable content of his soil, an
Bssential and all-important matter.
Finally, he is adding a part of the fer
tilizer to his soil in a form which not
only promotes fermentation, but pre
vents the plant food from all becoming
available at once, thus affording the
crop time to take it up and utilize it
as it grows. Where the farmer sells
his seed, therefore, his interests are
fully protected, and he is the gainer
rather than the loser by the transaction.
Of course, the per cent of increment won
by the exchange depends much on his
individuality and the skill with which
he handles the product. Even where he
exchanges the seed for meal and uses
the latter for fertilizer, there is still an
advantage in his favor, but to secure
the largest return he must feed it for
obvious reasons.
While the producer should be thor
oughly protected in all business trans
actions and secure for himself the larg
est possible return, there is another
side to the cotto nseed problem
which must not be overlooked. The
family of the land owner ^nd the people
living in the towns and cities must be
fed and nourished to the best ad
vantage. A ton of seeds, as all know,
contains a large quantity of oil. Under
ordinary methods of practice from 40
to 44 gallons may be extracted, depend
ing considerably on the equipment used
for expressing the oil and the quantity
of seed grown. This oil is valuable in
its crude form to the farmer, and, of
course, can be purchased in this condi
tion at a reasonable price. It may be
used, for instance, for greasing animals
to keep ticks off them in infested ter
ritory. It is a cheap and efficient ma
terial for this purpose. It may be used
as the basis for administering many
forms of medicine to live stock with ad
vantage. When it is refined it provides
the farmer with a desirable substitute
for lard and adds wholesomeness and
variety to the dietary of his family.
Oil constitutes one of the important
items in our national balance sheet, the
quantity exported bringing nearly
forty million dollars a year in gold into
this country. When the oil is exported
it does not hurt the land as would be
the case with the seed or meal, for the
oil is a carbohydrate and valuable chief
ly as a solurce of fuel and energy. The
fact that there is a decrease in the sup
ply of meat animals in this country is
noted with concern in every quarter.
This means, of course, that cotton seed
oil is becoming a more and more im
portant factor in the nutrition of the
American people, and since extracting
the oil from the seed may be done to
the advantage of the land owner and
without injury to the value of the by
products for feed or fertilizing purposes,
it is easy to see what a remarkably fine
arrangement nature has made with re
spect to this matter.
There is often an undue amount of
suspicion in the minds of many per
sons with reference to a discussion of
a subject of this nature. Sometimes
the farmer thinks that he is not get
ting a fair return for his seed, and
that by keeping them at home he can
utilize them to better advantage. All
the investigations of capable and inde
pendent scientific men, however, are op
posed to this idea, which after all is
founded on notion and not on fact, in
vestigation and close observation. What
the farmer should receive for his seed
in the way of money is, of course, a de
batable question and he is entitled to
receive the largest return possible. This
is a matter of barter and sale and can
be adjusted satisfactorily between buyer
and seller without great difficulty, but
unless the farmer is called on to sell
his seed at a price clearly below their
market value for manufacturing pur
poses, it is to his interest in 99 cases
out of 100 to do so unless we can not
afford to place dependence on what our
experiment station and research workers
tell us.
* * *
FEEDING IRISH POTATOES TO
HORSES.
E. E. B., Elkton. Fla., writes: Do Irish
potatoes have any feeding value for horses
and mules? I have 100 barrels or more
of small culls and our houses are very fond
of them. I am feeding one gallon of po
tatoes and a half gallon of corn at a feed.
put a cement or brick foundation under
it so as to leave the sills well above the
soil and thus preserve them. If a wall
Is run along the open side of the shed,
it will act as a retainer of the manure
and the urine as well. Leaves, litter,
straw, chopped-up corn stalks or any
thing else should be used to keep the
urine properly absorbed. Let the ani
mals tramp over the manure, and they
will keep it packed so as to prevent Its
fire-fanging. In this way you can pre
serve it to good advantage.
Meal and hulls will make a fairly
good ration, but you will obtain larger
gains at a lower cost if you can use
some green feed, such as silage will
provide. If you expect to follow cattle
feeding, we would advise you to build
a silo in the near future.
* * *
USING A THERMOMETER IN
CHURNING.
J. R. B., Dewy Rose, Ga., writes: We
have two very fine cows and get a lot of
milk, but am not satisfied with the amount
of butter we get. I think the milk is too
often churned before it fully turns. What
about using a thermometer to tell when the
milk is readyj and at what degree should
the milk be churned? How do you use
the thermometer?
INDIGESTION, GAS OR
SICA, SOUR STOMACH
Time “Pape’s Diapepsin!” in
five minutes ail stomach
misery is gone
“Really does” put bad stomachs in
order—“really does” overcome indiges
tion, dyspepsia, gas, heartburn and
sourness in five minutes—that—just
that—makes Pape’s Diapepsin the lar
gest selling Stomach regulator in the
world. If what you eat ferments into
stubborn lumps, you belch gas and
eructate sour, undigested food and acid:
head is dizzy and aches; breath foul;
tongue coated; your Insides filled with
bile and indigestible waste, remember
the moment “Pape’s Diapepsin” comes
in contact with the stomach all such
distress vanishes. It’s truly astonish
ing—almost marvelous, and the joy is
its harmlessness.
A large fifty-cent case of Pape’s Dia
pepsin will give you a hundred dollars’
worth of satisfaction or your druggist
hands you your money back.
It’s worth its weight in gold to men
and women who can’t get their stom
achs regulated. It belongs in your
home—should always be kept bandy in
case of a sick, sour, upset stomach dur
ing the day or at night. It’s the quick
est. surest and most harmless stomach
doctor in the world.
Potatoes would not be regarded as an
especially valuable adjunct to the ration
of horses and mules because of their
relatively low content of protein and
fat The digestibility of potatoes is as
follows: 1.1 per cent of crude protein,
15.7 per cent of carbohydrates and .01
per cent of fat. The horse, because of
the rather limited capacity of his stom
ach, should be fed on rather a concen
trated food. Of course, a little succu
lent material such as would be provided
through the medium of potatoes where
only corn and dry roughness is fed
would be advantageous in keeping the
appetite on edge. Potatoes when fed to
horses are generally cooked. In France
it was found that 280 pounds of cooked
potatoes were equal in feeding value to
100 pounds of good mixed hay. You
will thus see that their feeding value
for horses is not of a high order. We
would be more disposed to feed these
potatoes to pigs qr even cows and pro
vide the horses and mules with green
feed in the form of some forage crop.
* * *
FEEDING CATTLE IN NORTH GEOR
GIA.
E. O. W., Alto, Ga., writes: I am
thinking of getting a carload of steers
about four years old next November for
feeding. My idea Is to keep them tied in
a barn all the time and feeding them all
the hulls and meal they will eat. Would
this be all right? How large a barn ought
I to have for 40 steers, and how can I
save the liquid manure? I do not expect
to make anything much more than the
cost of the feed and the manure, which I
need on my place.
THE MINERAL RESOURCESOF GEORGIA
BY S. w. M'CAIiLIE, State Geologist.
Georgia, often designated the Empire; These ores occur in two different va-
State of the South, comprises an area | rieties, namely, the brqwn or limon-
aaa 14, ; ite ores, and the fossil or hematite
ol nearly 6,000 square miles. It is the ’ “ , .
M . . . . ores. The former class of ores are
largest state east of the Mississippi, bo-; | usually found in irregular deposits as-
ing nearly equal in size to the six New ' sociated with th e residual cherts and
England states, namely: Maine, New clays derived from the Knox Dolomite
Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts,! and the Weisner Quartzite, both of
Rhode Island and Connecticut. It is
Cambrian age. The main district In
which these ores have been mined in
more than one-fourth the size of Ger- j !arg . e quantltieS| is located in Bartow
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The chances of making money out of
steer feeding depend on the class of cat
tle you can secure and the facilities
available for finishing them in an eco
nomical manner. We would suggest that
you get good three-year-olds if possible.
To this end you should select a uniform
bunch of cattle, say about twenty. Get
them as nearly the same size, color and
age as possible. You will probably have
to go back into the mountains some dis
tance, probably into North Carolina or
Tennessee. You can drive them down
by easy stages, however, and it will
probably pay you to buy them in the
early part of the summer, so as to be
able to pick the class of animals you
want. Uniformity in size, color and fin
ish have much to do with the price you
•an get for the animals at the time you
>ell them.
There is no objection to tying the
.nimals in stalls in a barn, but we
>ardly think this necessary or desirable
n Georgia. We would prefer to feed
hern in troughs in an open shed. Of
•ourse, the shed should be built so as
° protect them from the north and west
•inds; in other words, it shoufd face
the south. A leanto shed will be satis
factory for this purpose. You may clap-
hoard it, use some of the artificial roof
ing papers or shingle it. If you expect
to make cattle feeding a permanent
business, we would advise you to build
the shed in a fairly substantial manner.
We would put the feeding troughs down
t.hc center of the shed so the animals
could feed from all sides. You would
not need a shed over 20x40 feet for one
carload of cattleu It would be best to
The amount of butter fat secured
from milk depends a good deal on the
skill with which it is handled in churn
ing. The first thing to purchase is a
good barrel or box churn, which should
not be filled more than half full of milk.
By this you can gauge the size of chum
you will need. Milk is best churned at
a temperature of 50 to 54 degrees in
summer. Sometimes if you are feeding
some cotton seed meal to your cows,
even though they are on pasture, it will
be necessary to raise the churning tem
perature up to 60 or 64 degrees. In the
winter time during unusually cold
weather and where considerable quanti
ties of cotton seed meal are fed, it is
sometimes necessary to raise the tem
perature to 90 or 94 degrees. The low
est temperature at which you can churn,
the more complete will be the recovery
of the butter fat. In other words, if
you attempt to churn immediately after
drawing the milk there will be a con
siderable loss of fat. If the milk is
ripened, that is, allowed to turn mildly
acid, certain processes take place which
enable the butter fat to escape more
readily from the fibrin of the milk, and
therefore, a larger return of fat in the
form of butter is secured.
Get a oflating thermometer. Any dairy
supply house can furnish you with one.
They will ordinarily cost you about 25
cents. Put the thermometer in the milk
before churning, and if the temperature
runs above the temperature suggested,
cool it down by inserting a small piece
of ice. As soon as the milk is drawn
from the cow it is well to chill it, and
then allow it to stand overnight to
ripen. After the butter is gathered,
draw off the buttermilk and wash the
butter thoroughly with cold water. This
will enable you to keep the butter long
er and will make a more wholesome and
desirable product.
* * *
CATTLE
J. A. C., Moultrie, Ga., writes: I am
thinking of going into the cattle and hog
raising business. Which ao you consider
the best beef breeds for this climate?
Would also appreciate any information in
regard to hog raising.
There are several good breeds of beef
cattle well adapted to Georgia. We are
inclined to think, however, that you
will find the Hereford one of the best
you can employ in this state. They have
been raised quite extensively in some
sections of south Georgia and have done
fairly well. Of course, no class of cat
tle will do their best on tick-infested
lands, and in purchasing, it is impor
tant to remember that you should buy
cattle which have been exposed to
tick fever. In other words, if you buy
them north of the quarantine line or
off farms where ticks have not existed
and put them on a range where ticks
are found, you will lose most if not all
of them and in a comparatively short
time. If you can fence your land you
can easily get rid of th eticks, and it
will pay you to do this. We have a
herd of high-grade Herefords on the
college farm. We run them on waste
land and have found them to earn a
good rental on it. This breed is at
tractively marked; they are hardy, quite
prolific, vigorous and excellent, grazers.
They are probably not quite so heavy
as the Shorthorns and possibly not so
good for finishing in the stall as the
Angus, but all in all, they have given
excellent account of themselves, and we
feel we can safely recommend them for
your consideration.
In attempting to raise hogs econ
omically in Georgia, it is important that
you keep cholera out. This may be
done by inoculating them with serum.
We would also advise that you fence
your lands off into paddocks and grow
a succession of grazing crops. A five-
acre tract of land, for instance, divided
into five equal areas with a lane along
one side so as to make all the pad-
docks easy of access will be found a
desirable arrangements. Qf course, an
abundance of clean, pure water should
be supplied. On one area of land we
would prefer to have alfalfa if possible.
To this end you should plow it thor
oughly and lime it at the rate of two
tons of the pulverized rock per acre, and
fertilize very freely. You should grow
cowpeas on the land this summer and
turn them under in the fall. We are
having fair success with alfalfa on some
small areas on the college farm treated
as suggested, though it is rather a dif
ficult crop to grow in Georgia. On the
other areas of land we would plant win
ter oats and vetch to graze down in the
spring. Then you might sow spring
oats and Canada peas In January. Mil
let or Bermuda sod may be used for
grazing in the early spring after which
cowpeas, soy beans, peanuts and arti
chokes planted in proper succession
should provide an abundance of grazing.
We think five acres of land should care
for about five brood sows and their pro
geny, according to the experience we
have had here at the college.
* * *
MANAGEMENT OF A SHY BREEDER.
C. W. C., Colbert, Ga., writes: I have
a fine pure-bred Berkshire sow that I can
not get to. breed. Is theer anything I can
do to remedy this trouble? Is there any
thing as good as nitrate ror cotton and
corn as a top dressing? Nitrate has got so
high that I want something cheaper if pos
sible.
many, one-third that of the entire em
pire of Japan, and larger than England
and Wales combined. From njrth to
south its length exceeds 300 miles, while
its greatest width from east to west is
approximately 250 miles. The southern
part of the state, known as the coastal
plain and comprising an area six times
as large as Massachusetts, is compara
tively level with an average elevation
of about 150 feet above sea level. North
of the coastal low land is the Piedmont
plateau, an elevated area varying from
300 to 1,500 feet, while still farther to
the north is the Appalachian mountain
region, where many ridges and peaks at
tain an altitude of from 4,000 to 5,000
feet above sea level.
All of the greater time divisions of
geological history are represented in
Georgia with only one two excep
tions. To the south, embracing the en
tire coastal plain, occur the Quarternary,
the Tertiary and the Cretaceous forma
tions with their extensive beds of lime
stone, clays,* marls and sands. To the
north, forming the Piedmont plateau
region, are the crystalline rocks, includ
ing the granites, gneisses and marbles
of Archaean and pre-Cambrian age,
while to the northwest, forming the Ap
palachian mountain and valley regions,
are the Cambrian, Silurian, Devonian
and carboniferous rocks. This great
diversity of geological formations, to
gether with the intense metamorphism
to which the rocks have undergone in
certain sections, accounts for the great
variety of minerals found within the
limits of the state. Some idea may be
haa of this variety from the following
bst of minerals now being produced in
commercial quantities: Beauxite, cop-
pci. gold, iron ore, manganese, granites,
gneisses, marbles, limestones, slates,
sandstones, serpentine, kaoline fire
clays coal, cements, corundum, garnet,
tripoli, pyrites, barytes, brown and red
ochers, asbestos, fuller’s earth, talc and
soapstone, graphite, marls and mica.
Of the several minerals above enum
erated I will here discuss in a very gen
eral way only a few of the more impor
tant, and to this discussion will add
such remarks on the inventory of each
individual mineral as* our present
knowledge seems to warrant. The min
erals to which I wish to call your spe
cial attention are: Bauxite, iron ore,
marble, granite, ocher, fuller's earth, as
bestos and clay.
BAUXITE.—The first discovery of
bauxite in America was made near
Rome, Ga., in 1887. Eleven years later
the first bauxite was mined at this point
and the following year the first ship
ment of ore was made to the ^e nns yl*
vania Salt company, Natrona, Pa. This
lot of ore, consisting of 728 tons, was said
to have been used in the manufacture
of alum and the metal aluminum, an4
constituted the entire production of
bauxite in the United States in 1889.
Subsequent to the last named date, othei
deposits were discovered in the vicinity
of Rome and Cav Spring, and in a
short time mining became quite active
at a number of localities. At first the
mining of bauxite was confined to Floyd
and Polk counties, but later deposits
were discovered in Bartow, Gordon,
Walker and Chattooga counties. These
deposits are all confined to the paleozoic
area of the state, and are always inti
mately associated with the Knox Dolo
mite series of rocks of Cambrian age.
In 1907 a member of the state geologi
cal survey, Otto Veatch, discovered
bauxite associated with cretaceous
rocks about thirty miles east of Macon
in Wilkinson county, and only two
years ago what appears to be valuable
deposits of bauxite were found in Sum
ter county, near Americus, associated
with tertiary, clays.
In the paleozoic area the bauxite is
usually found in more or less irregular
pockets somewhat similar t. the occur
rence of brown iron ore, whereas, in
the tertiary and cretaceous ores in Wil
kinson county it appers to occur in well
defined beds of greater or less extent.
Since the first shipments of bauxite from
Georgia, the annual output has varied
from 2,000 to 26,000 tons. For a num
ber of years Georgia led in the pro
duction of bauxite, but at present it
occupies second place, its output being
exceeded by that of Arkansas.
It is an exceedingly difficult matter
to give even an approximate idea of the
tonnage of bauxite yet to be mined in
Georgia. This difficulty arises from two
different causes, namely: In the paleo
zoic area of northwest Georgia the ore
occurs chiefly in irregular pockets or
deposits, whose ore content in many
cases can only be determined by actual
mining, and in the cretaceous and ter
tiary ores of south Georgia the deposits
have not yet been sufficiently pros
pected to determine definitely either the
thickness or the latteral extention of
the different beds. In view of the facts
here state, it would seem to be a
hazardous undertaking to give even a
rough guess as to the probable tonnage
of bauxite still to be mined. Neverthe
less, I am fully persuaded that, taking
into consideration the deposits recently
discovered and those which are almost
certainly to be discovered in the future,
Georgia has ample bauxite to keep up
its present annual production for fully
a quarter of a century. To state it dif-
ferenty, Georgia has more bauxite ore
now in sight than at any time since the
discovery of bauxite twenty-five years
ago.
Iron Ores.—Georgia at present stands
fourth in the production of iron ores
of the southern states, being exceeded
only by Alabama, Virginia and Tennes
see. These iron ores are confined
chiefly to the Paleozoic rocks in north
west part of the state, where they have
been worked almost continuously for
more than three-fourths of a century.
In the last 25 years the total annual
output of ore from these various mines
has varied from 150,000 to 540,000 tons.
county, near Cartersville, and in Polk
county, in the vicinity of Cedartown.
A large amount of ore has also been
mined in Floyd county, in the Hermi
tage district, and in the Etna district
near the Georgia-Alabama state line.
The fossil or hematite ores, which
are found mainly in Dade, Walker and
Chattooga counties, belong to the same
series of fossil ores as those now be
ing so extensively worked in the Bir
mingham district. These ores have
been largely worked along the Alabama
Great Southern railroad in Lookout
valley, Dade county, and along the Ten
nessee, Alabama and Georgia railroad
east of Lookout and Pigeon mountains
in W T alker and Chattooga counties.
More or less extensive mining has also
been carried on near the Central of
Georgia railroad along Taylor’s ridge
and Dirtseller mountain. The aggre
gate length of outcroppings of the fos
sil iron ores of Georgia is estimated at
175 miles. Assuming that these ore-
bearing beds will average thirty inches
in thickness and they can be worked
1,000 feet back from their outcropping,
Edwin C. Eckel, formerly of the United
States geological survey, estimates
that Georgia still has in reserve more
than 200,000,000 tons of fossil iron ore.
To this should be added the reserve
brown iron ore which has been esti
mated at approximately 100,000,000
tons, giving a grand total reserve of
300,000,000 tons. The significance of
this enormous tonnage of iron ore can
be better understood when it is stated
that at the present rate of mining
Georgia has today sufficient iron ore
in store to last for more than 1,000
years. I would here add that I do not
wish to convey the idea by this state
ment that under the present economic
condition that the estimated amount of
iron ores here given is now available,
but in the near future, however, when
less wasteful methods of mining are
resorted to and the higher grade of
ores is exhausted all or a great part
of these ores will become available.
MARBLE—The value of Georgia mar
ble fort he past several years has exceeded
that of any state in the union with the
exception of Vermont. The seat of this
great industry is located on the Louis
ville and Nashville railroad in the vicin
ity of Tate, Pickens county, sixty-one
miles north of Atlanta. Marble has
been quarried in this district since 1840,
but it was not until 1884, which marks
the date of the organization of the Geor
gia Marble company, that the quarries
began to produce marble on an exten
sive scale. The value of the output of
stone from these quarries last year pass
ed beyond the million dollar mark, an
amount exceeding that of any previous
year in the history of the marble quar
rying industry. There are three large
companies now operating in the district,
namely: The Georgia Marble company,
the Southern Mable company and the
Amicalola Marble company. All of
these companies are at present working
a full force of hands and are at the
same time increasing their capacity by
enlarging their plants and extending or
opening up new quarries. I question if
there is any restricted area in the south
which will compare with this small dis
trict in the point of the quarrying in
dustry. Longswamp creek valley is
scarcely four miles long, yet.within its
limits are to be found some of the
largest marble mills and quarries in this
country. From a financial standpoint
these quarries and mills tell only a
part of the importance of the marble
industry to the state. Another feature
of the industry, and one which largely
augments its commercial importance is
the marble finishing plants which give
employment to several hundred hands.
The largest and most important of these
finishing plants are located at Tate, Ball
Ground, Nelson, Canton and Marietta.
At these plants the rough stone as it
comes from the quarries is carved and
fashioned by skilled workinen into all
classes of structural and monumental
designs. The Georgia marble is pre
eminently a building stone, having but
few equals if any superiors in this coun-
The failure of your sow to breed may
be due to one of several reasons. First
of all, she may be too fat. Then there
may be some defect, for instance, as a
watered secretion of the mucous mem
branes. It is, of course, possible that
there may be something wrong with
the male. Both animals should be care
fully examined, and if no defect can be
found and a course of tonic treatment
does not prove effective, it is best then
to fatten and dispose of your sow. Ex
amples of the character referred to in
your letter are not infrequently met
with, and the trouble is very often of
an individual character and medicinal
treatment ineffective in producing the
desired results.
Nitrate of soda is an excellent top
dressing t.o use on cotton, corn and
other crops. Its advantages lie« in the
fact that it is so quickly available. It
is true that it is expensive to purchase,
but there is nothing which just exactly
takes its place. On soils where lime is
found in abundance or where it has
been applied artificially, sulphate of am
monia may be used to advantage. Blood
will also answer fairly well, though the
last two carriers mentioned furnish ni
trogen in a slower available form than
nitrate of soda.
BIG MINE
WILL FAY
BIG PROFITS
Money deposited in your
bank to your credit that you
will receive profits of not less
than
16 Per Cent
IS Per Cent
Firit Year
Second Year
With every proof of rapidly increas
ing dividends for years to come.
It is a developed mine, with proven
ore declared sufficient to run the mill
for yeais and years, and worth $10,000,-
000 to $20,000,000.
The section has produced some $300.-
000,000 of GOLD, and this is declared
the RICHEST MINE in it.
Write at once for particulars, as I
have only a few thousand shares to sell.
Easy terms granted. Highest endorse:
men's given.
E. L. MARTIN, Box 124, care Jour*
■ nal, Atlanta, Ga. ■
try for this class of work. Its purity
and great strength, together with its ex
tremely low absorption properties, fits
it for all classes of exterior work and
at the same time, even in the most rigid
climate, gives it a lasting quality rare
ly excelled. The dark and flesh-color of
the stone, which is due mainly to the
presence of graphite and iron oxide, are
but little affected by atmospheric agen
cies and as a consequence the colors are
permanent and as durable as the stone
itself. In addition to the use of the
Georgia marble for building purposes
it also has an extensive use in monu
mental work and in interior finishing.
Some of the most costly buildings erect
ed in this country in the last few years
have been constructed of Georgia mar
ble. These buildings include such struc
tures as the Corcoran Art gallery, Wash
ington, D. C.; City Stock exchange, New
York City; Rhode Island sta£e capltol;
Minnesota state capitol, and the Field
museum, at Chicago. There is probably
no building stone in this country which
has in recent years gained such a wide
spread use and given such universal sat
isfaction as the Georgia marble.
The amount of Georgia marble still
in store for future generations might
for all practical purposes be referred
to as limitless. The deepest quarries
have, so far, attained a depth 6f only
about 200 feet and the stratum has
not yet been penetrated. Taking into
consideration the great thickness of the
marble, together with the length of out
croppings, which are several times in
extent, it will at once be seen why the
supply is referred to as limitless.
GRANITE.—Georgia produces more
ganite at present than any other south
ern state. The granites are widely dis
tributed throughout the Piedmont
plateau where they occur, for the most
part in large, flat, horizontal masses
and in the form of huge dome-shaped
areas. Stone Mountain, in DeKalb coun
ty, seventeen miles east of Atlanta,
which rises to an elevation of 686 feet
above the surrounding country, and
which has a basal circumference of ap
proximately seven miles, is one of the
most conspicuous of these dome-shaped
masses. Other granite masses of much
larger basal area, but of less altitude
and, therefore, less conspicuous, are to
be found in a number of localities.
The first granite quarries of the state
were opened at Stone Mountain about
1850. The stone from these quarries,
a light colored muscovite granite, has
an extensive use as a building material
and is also largely employed in street
improvement. Other extensive quarries
are located at Lithonia, Oglesby and
elsewhere. The stone from the Oglesby
quarries is used entirely for monu
mental work, for which purpose it is
said to equal in weathering and finish
ing properties the famous Barre granite
of Vermont. In the case of granites, as
that of marbles above referred to, the
supply is practically inexhaustible.
Stone Mountain alone has ample granite
to supply the entire United States for
a long period of years.
Ocher.—Georgia has produced ocher
on a more or less extensive scale since
1877. The output of Georgia ocher
mines today exceed that of the combined
output of all of the states in the un
ion. This industry is located in Bartow
county in the vicinity of Cartersville,
where the ocher occurs associated with
the Weisner quartzite. The Georgia
ochers are largely used in paints and
in the manufacture of linoleums. The
greater part of the output of these
mines is exported at present to England,
Scotland and other European countries.
The occurence of the Georgia ochers
is always in pockets or irregular depos
its and the available tonnage is there
fore difficult to estimate. Nevertheless,
there is not at present any sign, what
ever, of immediate exhaustion, although
the mines have been continuously oper
ated for more than a quarter of a cen
tury.
Fuller’s Earth.—With the exception of
Florida, Georgia leads in the production
of fuller's earth. These earths occur
in the tertiary deposits in Twiggs coun
ty. near Macon, and in Decatur county,
near. Attapulgus. At the former local
ity the earth attains a thickness of
twenty feet and it is quite free from
impurities. It is claimed by the Gen
eral Reduction company, now the only
producers in that district, .that their
earth has no superior in clarifying or
bleaching cotton seed oil, a use for
which it is now solely employed. Taking
into consideration the wide area over
which these earths extend, together with
\the unusual thickness of the beds, it
would seem that they are in sufficient
abundance to supply any reasonable
demand for an indefinite period.
Asbestos.—The chief supply of do
mestic asbestos in this country for the
last several years has been obtained
COTTON FUTURES TUX
FACES UNCERTAIN FATE
Chaotic Condition and Demo
cratic Caucus Make Im
possible Sure Outlook
BY RALPH SMITHS
* WASHINGTON, Oct. 2.—The changes
in the tariff bill are so closely allied
to the cotton futures tax matter and
the conflict of opinion divergent among
Democrats as regards all the questions,
that it is absolutely impossible today
to predict with any degree of certainty
what will be the fate of the cotton fu
tures tax matter.
The whole situation this morning was
more or less chaotic. Democratic sena
tors were visibly alarmed over the out
look. It is their hope that the caucus
this afternoon will find a way out of the
difficulty arising from dissatisfaction
and threatened disaffection on the part
of senators whose pet amendments were
thrown into the discard by the confer
ence committee.
FARMERS’ WAREHOUSE
BURNS AT CONYERS
CONYERS, Ga., Oct. 2.—The Farmers’
Union Warehouse was completely de
stroyed by fire here Monday night about
10 o’clock. The damages are estimated
at $40,000. Over 400 bales of cotton
were burned. The Georgia railroad lost
three cars, two being loaded with cot
ton. Most of the cotton, except that
stored by the farmers, was protected
with insurance. It is not known how
the fire was started. Apparently it had
been burning about an hour when dis
covered.
has been the opinion of the company
operating this mine for some time that
their supply of asbestos was well nigh
exhausted, but development work in the
last few months has brought to light
what appears to be a larger amount
of the material and of a higher grade
than has heretofore been in sight. In
addition to this local! ly, undeveloped
prospects of asbestos, which appear to
be of fair grade, are widely distribut
ed throughout the Piedmont plateau, in
dicating that the reserve of this ma
terial is not only large, but that it will
long continue a source of revenue.
Clay.—The value of clay mined and
sold in Georgia exceeds that of any
states with the exception of New Jer
sey, Pennsylvania, Missouri. There are
a number of varieties of Georgia clays
put on the market, but the main out
put is high-grade kaolin used chiefly in
the paper trade. Nearly 50 per cent
of the paper clays used in 'this country
are obtained from the Georgia mines.
In addition to supplying the paper trade,
there is also a limited amount of these
high-grade clays used in the manufac
ture of fire brick and china ware, etc.
These kaolins, which are of sedimen
tary origin, are found in the cretaceous
formation near the northern boundary of
the Coastal Plain, where they occur in
great purity, forming beds often twenty
feet thick. So pure are some of these
clays that they are put directly on the
market without washing or other prep
aration.
The extent of these clays is so great
that the supply will probably last for
generations to come. They are found
also along almost unbroken line of out
croppings from near Butler, in Taylor
county, to Augusta, a distance of more
than 150 miles. There is probably no
place in this country where high-grade
sedimentary kaolin occurs in such a
great abundance as in the locality here
referred to.
In summing up the above' statements,
Vhich are intended only as a partial re
view of the mineral resources of Geor
gia, the fact seems to be established
without question that the Empire State
of the South has not only a great va
riety of mineral wealth, but that the
mineral wealth is so abundant that it
will amply supply all demands for years
to come. But I would here add in core
clusion in the name of conservation that,
although Georgia’s mineral resources
in many respect appear to be well nigh
inexhaustible, nevertheless, this fact,
even though it be literally true, should
not by any means license the useless and
prodigal waste of these resources.
FERTILIZER FACTS NO. 6
A CLARION CALL FOR OATS
Can you afford to use your farm half the time? A combination
oats and peas makes possible a double-cropping
and a double-profit system
LOOK AT THE LEDGER
of
Oats Followed by Peas
Cotton
Dr.
Cr.
Dr. | Cr.
Cost of producing
an acre of oats $10.00
Cost of producing
an acre of peas
and sorghum... 10.00
NET PROFIT... 40.00
50 bushels oats at
60 cents $30.00
1 1-2 tons of hay 30.00
•
Cost of producing
an acre of cot
ton $35.00
NET PROFIT... 25.00
1 bale of cotton..$60.00
$60.00
ALSO SOIL IMPROVED
$60.00
$60.00
$60.00
PROTECT THE LAND IN WINTER WITH COVER CPOP
More plant food is lost'by leaching and erosion during the winter than Is removed by a maxi
mum crop In the growing season. Oats bind together and protect the land against winter rainB.
Cowpeas improve the physical condition of the soil and add nitrogen during the summer.
OATS SHOULD FOLLOW CORN AND COTTON
After the crops are laid by, profitable employment of farm work stock can be had by pre
paring for fall seeding. Three rows of oats should be planted between tfie cotton rows Immedi
ately after the first general picking (October 1st to 15th). The corn should be cut and shocked
In order to get the greatest possible feeding value from the crop. Go over this land twice with
a heavy cut-away harrow, and the land is in ideal condition for seeding the oats.
SEED.
Two bushels per acre of any good variety of reclaimed, rust-proof oats should be planted.
To prevent smut, the seed should be treated with formaldehyde or bluestone solution before plant
ing.
FERTILIZER
Under average conditions, 400 to 500 pounds of about a 9-2-3 fertilizer should be used. If
the oats do not grow off well in the spring of the year, apply 100 pounds of nitrate of soda in
two applications.
The South is an ideal oat section, but we are annually purchasing many million dollars’
worth of western-grown oats for feed. YOU should stop your part of this expense by planting
oats abundantly this fall.
SOIL IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE
Southern Fertilizer Association
ATLANTA, GA.
A new Bulletin, containing extracts from Experiment Station tests of fertilized
and unfes Uzed fields of corn, cotton, grains, fruits, etc., ready for distribution De
cember 1st. Write for one. Sent free on request.