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Bv S. ROSE & QO n-Ji L Mu ItfLY JWRNAL IXP MftSENfiLR erncsc®*** 11 third and caswt sis., rMcwncv urn •»*■■*••••■;; v-I «... s,«> fiSJS"-- I^B T-r **«»• , _. ni iMrt tfc»-SI.W. K®«h Mbs** Os w«k,s0cenUpw f4j»r*- ff*.?rgS’^.tsparsq M re»yh £^^^^ C SJp*V a * F# «ebtolSum. F £?5Z!-L«»o«c ®ontbs3 per square. Second Ttird and each succeeding sent on shore nice. SE^SHfoa* notice* sl. jotices 10 cents per line to Daily and 25 wmrtmi 1 1. *« Weekly at SI.OO per " far tint iaaerdon, and 50 cents for each subse mu- patrons prefer to pay «a in produce, --Z-? feed or aartbing we can nac. we will take it ntuein Umoo. for all does to the office. t»ar hiends who lie* in the country can send these can clnb to -r— aad send their proriaioaa, supplies or. earn in ypsQ ptolUfC. trtOLC rxrtKS w errr. # Amls paper* will be sold on the streets and .at the 4akiitT*weliptreopf- _ . We will not receire any money but mecie, , f 7n» —» or Macon and Wcatem and South-Western Kaiilraad issues st present. , MACOX. rilDAt MOfeNINO. SEPT. 8.1865. Eztrecrdmaiy Writing.— Only a few years ago a famous author made use ol the idea m consequence of the wonderful im* provexueots in sound-writing or phonogra phy, (better kqown as short-hand) the time might come when it would be brought to such a state of perfection, that a complete library of the standard authors, English and foeeign, bound in one small volume and written in phonography, might be car ried IQ the vest pocket. The time has oorae. A blind man, one Mathew Matti son, after twenty years of patient and per serrering industry, is enabled to do what many persons never believed could be ac complished. While retaining each letter in perfect form and proportion, he has made such a reduction in size as to write the Old Testament, perfectly legible to the naked eye, on a common page of foolscap. The Old Testament is used os a simile, be cause all are familiar with its size; but it must not be thought this is the only effort of Mr. Mattison. On the contrary, over a hundred volumes of noted histories have been copied in the same manner by his ar duous toil. ' • Receiving an invitation, • our reporter visited the rooms of Mr. Mattison, for the purpose of gratifying his curiosity with a ■got of the chirr*graphical curiosities, of which faint rumors had reached him.— Upon mitering bis studio, which is a pleas gnt room, the walls of which were covered with steel engravings of the kind •a artists’ proofs, upon close examination we found each engraving was nothing more than a volume of some author, writ ten so as produce that which seemed a steel plate engraving of him. So many chapters made the wrinkles of the eye brows; so many the shading of the noee and nails, and so many were in each hair of the long beard. We cannot stop to particularize, but would enjom upon all who love art to call and examine his won derful collection. Mr. Mattison has brought the art of legible writing in long-hand or common text to such a beautiful degree of finish as te be enabled to write the Old Testament in a space of less than sixty square inches. Phonography of the utmost brevity, and of equal legibility, can be written in one seventy second the space that long-hand requires. This will givo the Bible, per fectly legible, in the space of one square inch. Mr. Mattison is now engaged on this study, and we may expect in a few months to have the result, for he is not limited in his writing to one language, writing Greek and Hebrew with the same fineness as he does English.— N. Y. Tribune. Maximilian and The Rebel General Slaughterjpublishos the following in the Brownsville (Texas) Rancherp; My attention has been called to an article in the New Orleans Daily Picayune of the 15th ult, under the head of “Maximilian and the Rebels.” It is but just to tbe Imperial Government that tbe people of the United States should understand that th i ideas expressed in that letter were founded uyon inferences drawn from private conversations which, when put to the test, proved entirely groundless. Not one rifle or musket ever crossed the Rio Grande, or otherwise entered the Confede racy through the Imperial lines to my knowledge. Some little powder, a small number of arms and a few pistols were smug gled into Texas, and purchased by the ord. nappe offioer serving on my staff. Some of the pistols were suited by the Custom House officers and not permitted to cross. At one time I was offered four pieces of artillery, and I called on Mejia with a view of making some arrangements to get them into Texas. He replied, unhesitatingly, “that he should take effective steps to main tun bis neutrality.” The artillery was in oonsequenoe not purchased. As all tbe records of the Ordnance De partment of the late Confederate army are in the possession of the officers of the Uni ted States Government, J confidently appeal to them to show the facts. *. 1 am sir. rmnpeetfally, etc, mmbb—i—a——ieggtr- i __ [LJ _____ "~* -L" ■ The Fate of the Nqgro Race. The tC edited by John W. Pordey, almost within the atmos phere of the White House and the Capi-. tol, has recently given some statistics, to the world which would seem to indicate a very rapid disappearance of the ‘unfortunate children of Ham from the politic of the United States. These estimates are deduced from n thorough examination of the official census records, and are ts such general interest at this particular time, when so many good people lie awake o’ nights for fear of the negro, that we reprint them by way of a sedative to the public nerves. The first of Forney’s tables compares the“ percentage of whites and blacks in the en tire population of the Union, from 1790 to 1860, as follows: Year?. Whites. Slacks. Yeira. Whiter Black#. rw.T:.. 80.73 ls.sr i530.....8i.50 is.io 1800 81.81 18 87‘ - 1810 53.17 16.8 C 18)0 80 5*7 1V.03 1850 84.31 15.60 ia*0...,.i4.57 IMS 1860 85.88 14 12 From this jt appears that, in seventy year* the whites have gained 5.15 per cent, absolutely by a steady and unbroken in crease, excepting by a steady,and unbroken increase, 'excepting only in the decade from 1800 to 1810 when the blacks made their last rallyit were, only to descend more and 'more. rapidly with each succeeding yeap. Thus, in the outset, the negroes were about one to five in contrast with the rest of the people, but la iB6O not more than one to seven. Since then, by emigra tion, colonization and the terrible waste of the war, which fairly * slaughtered them, wholesale, they have lost more and ihore until, to-day, they are not stronger, proba bly than one to ten. The terrible ratio of loss thus initiated continues, if we are to believe the best authorities who have invest igated the subject, both at the North and South, and bide fair to go on with even greater speed. The next table gives the increase of each class, separately taken, along with the to tal numbers, respectively: • Per ci Per c’t Centu-i. White#, increase. Colored, incr'se. 175*0.... 8,172,464 757,863 1500.. * 4,804,489 35.68 1,001,436 32.23 1810 5.862,004 36.18 1,37V,810 37.58 1820.. 7.861,987 84.12 1,771,562 28 v sb 1880.. 10,587.878 34.03 2,328.642 31.42 1840 14,195 605 34 82 2,878,753 23.42 1850.%.. 19,558,063 37.74 3,638,762 26.62 1860 26,5*75,575 37.97 4,4415%', 22.07 The per ventage of white increase shown is constant after 1840 and rises from the commencement of the present century to 2.20 per cent. The decline of the blacks is equal y marked and regular, with here and there a fluctuation in their favor.— Since 1800 their loss is fully 10 per cent. In the decade extending to 1810, they went up from 32.23 to 37.59 owing to the fact that the importation of slaves was car ried on With greatly'increased activity up to 1808, when it ceased, in- accordance with the provisions of the Constitution.— The near approach of *tho legal limit stim ulated the traders to the utmost exertion in theirtraffic of human flesh, and the sea was dotted with vessels packed with living freight from the African coast. On the other hand, from 1810 to 1820, a great change is observable. It will be seen that the black ratio declines fully nine per cent, and if we examine it from the same period—i. e., from the cessation of the slave trade up to 1860 —we will find that the diminution is all of 15£ per cent. It will be remembered that the above figures embrace the whole colored popula tion both slave and free, but,„owing to some sad fatality, it has been remarked by the prying statistician that the per centage of proportionate decrease is much larger among the free blacks. The reason for this we will not now stop io inquire, but the fact cannot be gainsay ed. Well, in this year of grace, all the blacks are free, and, if the same law should hold good among them tor the next decade that has been found positive in the past, their total increase will not be above ten per,cent., while that of the whites will come nearer to forty. ... There is still another reflection that finds place aud has much force in this interest ing survey. Every census past has classi fied as negroes hundreds of thousands of mulattoes, quadroons, octoroons, etc., etc., who will probably never again be noted as such, because they are no longer slaves, and in a state of freedom, scattered far and wide through the country, the light ness of their complexion will not betray their origin, or rather it will rank them among the .dominant race. Moreover, it is notorious that of this class multitudes, particularly of females, are leaving the United States for EUFopean countries, thus beariug away hwist essential elements from any future census of their people. Again, as the tide of immigration, military and civil, has rolled over the South, inter marriage between the white mao and the beautiful quadroon has at once and forever put an end to the existence of the latter under the tabular heading of the negro, and this is a change which gathers volume every hour. In fine, it is quite reasonable to infer from all these ouuses and from many others, out of place elsewhere than in a medical review, that ten years hence the conjoint increase of all the negro tribes, distinctly set down as such, in the United States; will not exceed the meagre rate of five per cent. This result would appear well calculated to relieve us, decided, of the terrors con nected, in the minds of some very excita ble people, with the idea, of negro prepon derance, either here or nt the South. Why, do what we will with it, that unfortunate remnant of Africa left among us is just as certain of being swept away or swallowed upby MACON.iGA , FBIDjAY. SEPTEMBER 8, 1=65. of white population as that we all are to die. Witbio the lifetime of Another gen eration, the black element will be a<j feeble at theSbufh as it now is at the North, while here it will be beyond the researches of the microscope. Five year’ time -wiH, xrt the South, i € “See busy millions quickening ail the land, With cities thronged and teeming culture high,” aad the blood of Sambo merged in the .mighty current as the modest brook is lost in the “existing and abounding river.”- iV. Y. Mercantile Journal. English Testimony to the Treatment qf Fed eral Prisoners at the 'South. —Lieutenant- Golonel Freemantle, of the Coldstream Guards, makes the followings communica tion to the London Times: In the Times of last Friday, your cor respondent, writing from Saratoga, states that public, feeling in the North still craves for vengeance on Mr. Davis, in conse quence of the “incredible and infamous treatment which Northern captured Sol diers received in Southern prisons.”. t As I traveled throughout the entire Southern States during the heightb of the war, I had many opportunities of seeing Northern prisoners under a variety of cir cumstances. I always observed they were treated with generosity and humanity, and not with barbarity. 1 can quite believe that they must have suffered dreadfully, and been almost starved, at which they had to endure in common with Con federate soldiers, women and children in many parts of the South, the superior numbers and resources of the enemy at the latter period of the war having enabled him to lay waste the crops and destroy the means of sustenance, as well as rail way communication. The cruelty of keeping vast numbers of men confined in places where they could only be fed with much difficulty, roust remain with Mr. Lincoln, and not with Mr. Davis; for it is notorious that all objections to exchange of prisoners came from the North, not from the South. Mr. Davis would always have been delighted to exchange the fifteen thousand starving Federals at Anderson ville for sx similar number of Confederates who were at the same time rotting at Johnson’s Island. With regard to the starvation and cru elty alloged to have gone on at the Libby prison, you, sir, had fortunately a corres pondent at Richmond during nearly, the whole war. This gentleman has often bet n able, after personal iuspection of the Libby Prison, to expose in your own columns such odious calumnies. I have seen the disgusting sepsational photographs of Federal prisoners to which your correspondent alludes. Copies of them were sent to me and to many other arsons unsolicited, a novel and horrid manner of raising public feeling against the South. As well might the emaciated, naked bodies'of dying guardsmen be pho tographed in London, and then published as examples of the manner in which Eng land treats Jier sol diem With the deepest regret I see for the first time a widely honored name mixed up with these allegations If any respectable Northerner really believes General Lee ca pable of countenancing cruelty to the un fortunate, I wish he e uld have overheard the manner in which that officer soon astir the battle of Getty burg lamented to me the necessity he was under of m irehing several thousand Federal prisoners to Rich mond. He deeply regretted that no ex change could be effected, as he deplored the hardships Ihey would have to encoun ter on the journey at that particular time. May 1 ask, in justice to Mr. Davis, that you will insert this letter, as he is now placed in a position peculiarly unfair, for, probably, his firmness and determination alone prevented the Confederate Govern ment from listening to the clamors for re taliation, “black flag,” etc., w’hich often poured into Richmond from different parts of the South. Black Against White in Nexc Orleans. — Iq New Orleans separate street cars, marked by a star, arc provided for the accommoda tion of negroes. The “Freedman's Aid As sociation,” of which a Mr. Durant is princi pal member, commenced to agi'ate against the “star nuisance,” as they termed it, de manding that blacks should be admitted into all the care.. Banks came very near grant ing an edict to this effect, but temporized and wavered until he went out of power. A second attempt was lately made. The New York World's correspondent thus tells it: When the attempt was made to obtain such an order from Gen. Canby, he inquired into the nature of the grievance. Were any colored people prevented fiorn going in the star cars ? No. Did they fill them up, so that there was need for more carß ? No.— Were they refused extra'cars when there was some special assemblage, pie nic, or the like to call them out? No. What then wa9 the grievance ? That there was a dis tinction made by the company in excluding them from the cars without stars. Gen Canby observed that he could not see the grievance. They bad plenty of room for their travel and plenty of couveyauces, as much as-the white people had. They ‘could not claim a right to force themselves upon tho company of the white people. — Therefore, I am told, Mr, Da rant rose and io bis very tragical manner, and with trem ulous emotion exclaimed, “ There, will be blood shed, then “Ah !” said Canby, “It is true that there is but a small force of United States soldiers here just now —a mere handful; if there should be bloodshed, I may find it difficult to keep order; but l have lately• paroled over 20,000 Confederates, and it is possible that if I should need their services to pre ssrve ordsxy I might obtain them.” * What if Amnesty > As many questions have already arisen as to the effect of i’reaident Johnson’s p-ocla mstion of amnesty, and as many more are likciy to arise i»* the civil tribunals, when the seal of martial law shall be raised, that may seriously affect tfosr civil acd political strut cf citiz.'ffi), we have- thought it a question of so milch interest and moment to examine carefully into ihe sc pj sad deri vation of the word, which, has now, fer the first time in our history, come into the use of our Government and laws, and must be the subject of adjudication by oar judicial tribunals. In tho prosecution of this .in quiry, we are necessarily compelled to refer to the history, jurisprudence and verbiology of European nations, which, convulsed by frequent internal coin motions, furnish copi ous sources of information, whence we may draw examples and precedents of the wise and patriotic treatment of alleged political delinquency, and the judicious regulation of ibe new status and relation* of those who have been involved in the consequences of unsuccessful J rebellion. Traoicg*tbis word, amuisty, to its root, we find it composed of the Greek particle a;, not, and the verb mnaomai, to remember. Iu political law, it is used to signify an act of pardon or oblivion, usually uttered in public proclamations to tho effect that ali acts against the established authority shall be forgotten and pardooed. The decree of Thrasybulus, when the Thirty Tyrants wero expelled from Athens, that ho man should bo pursued (or the past, was an example of toleration which the Athenians called am nextia —amnesties abound in the Ficuch books. They arc ofteq the declarations of persons on recovering the sovereign power of a State, by which pardon is extended to those who composed or obeyed the Govern ment which was overturned. The ordinances oi 1789, in France, of the Constituent Assembly, the National Convention, and the Legislative Body, granting terms and grace to the rebels of Y r endee, to Frenchmen who had served iu the Continental league against France, aud to subjects of the realm who had partici pated in tho usurpation of Napoleon, were alkacts of amnesty, and were iu legnl in tendment an oblivion and remission of po* litical offences. The judicial tribunals gave them even -a larger effect than pardun.— Wh.n general, they embrace a whole com munity ; when special, only individuals or u designated c'ass. When absolute, no con ditions are attached, when couditioual cer tain lequitcmcuts are to be observed to profit by the benefit, l’he occasion of a victory or a fete was usually selected to grant am nesties, and when embrp ed they could not be extended beyond, nor restrained • within their terms. Amnesty, as above stated, is more gracious in performance than pardon. It acts upou adjudgt and crime, upon accusa tions aud prosecutions, whilst pardon only exempts the convict from the sentence us the law, and defeats justice of the victim. Amnesty is pardon, oven more—obliviou, granted by the Government, not to the con victed felon, but to men who may have been guilty of some offouse. __ Belligerents, on the cessation of hostili ties, stipulated for amnesties in a treaty of peace; sometimes implied them, as in the conventions between Grant and Lee, John ston and Sherman, which contained a clause of safe conduct and pe.-tceablo enjoyment of th?ir homes to the surrendered armies, without distinction of rank; a convention which President Johnson executed in part, and is daily executing by his general am nesfy and special pardons. The effect of the amnesty is to rub out the past history of th« revolutionist and con sign it to oblivion; to obliterate the remem brance and destroy t|e record, while pardon can have no operation save the remission of the sentence. Amnssty concedes all, and obligates*but little. Pardon grants less and binds more Oae follows crime, conviction, the forms cf procedure and judgment, but the ttiin of the transgression survives. The other leaves no infamy, and purifies with a touch as healing as the waters of Damascus. Ttieso distinctions, which Marlin', and Dae -1 *z, and other French writers broadly lay down, establish the design of the amnesty to be the preservation of the public peace, the rehabilitation of the person or communi ty under the ban of the Government, by perfect oblivion of the past, and the return •of all the civil and political rights enjoyed before the disturbance. Suoh wero the amnesties accorded on the restoration of Charles 11, the safe conducts stipulated to the brigands by the Piedmontese constitu tions, and the concessions in the treaties of Campo Formio and Luneville. When in surgeauts were arraigned for murder after the fight cf Bonaparte, on proof made that the acts wero o-unmiYted in the heat and surge of revolution, and on the plea of am nesty contained in the order of 1816, the soldiers were discharged. The ministers of justice decided that the past was buried, that confiscation and seques tration, civil and criminal pursuits were abolished, that the rebel was a noous homo. If such be the effect of amnesty in empires of continental Europe, where governments are despotic, surely a Republican Govern ment “ the greatest under the sun,” resting on the supposed consent of the governed, and whose corner stone was successful re bellion, cau imitate their leniency, teachings and jurisprudence With honor and credit i N 0. picayune. _ S@rThe Exploring Expedition which late ly’ visited Western Colorado and the Eastern slopes of the Roeky Mountains, reached Denver City on Wednesday last, and report that they have made important discoveries of coal, petroleum and shale on tho proposed route of tho Passim railroad. The Raising of Cotton by Free White Labor. ‘ ' It is important in a hundred ways that a large crop of cotton bo planted in the Southern States Qo,\t Spring;. It is im portant to the North amt to the South, to all the business interests, and to the gen eral well-being of the United 9tates. It is important that this country maintain ascendency as the chief cotton-producing country of the world, .and retain the domi nacy it formerly held in the markets of Europe. n . The slave labor bv which our great cot ton crop was formerly planted is now done away with; and there is no doubt what ever that the existing condition of things in the South, both atoong tho blacks and the whites, is such as to forbid the thought that, under present circumstances, there I will be more than a quarter the average! crop raised next year. Negro labor is greatly unsettled throughout the planting’ districts, and the war has made the plan ters very deficient both in capital proper and in other means. We do not believe that the months which intervene between now and Spring time will prove anything like sufficient to get society and labor in working order under the new conditions that must here after govern both. We do not believe that one-quarter of the negroes who form erly. worked on cotton plantations are like ly soon to be again engaged in tfee some employment. >' Under these circumstances, or even though all the circpmsCances were to be different, there is no\y offered an unequaled opportunity for the profitable employment of free white labor and Northern capital, in the production of cotton;- Since the cessation of the American pro duction and supply of cofton, the price of the staple has ruled Very high. It is now; something like four times its value before 5 the war, und it is n .t likely to bo very much i lower uutil the American supplies at least 4|>p|-oximate their former magnitude. At this rate —at the rate of (say) forty cents a pound, a small planter, who raised even six bales a year, would obtain for his annual prop over ten thousand dollars in money.. At but twenty cents a pound, tho little crop of a dozen bales would, of course, re turn as much, which is quadruple the val ue that can be obtained from an equal amount of land, labor, and capital, by any crop in part of the United. States. Even if cotton were to fall to the price in 1860, of twelve cents a pound, it would still be j far the most profitable staple crop to which \ labor could be applied ; but corn is likely ) to sell for twelve cents a bushel before cot-; ton sells for twelve cents a pound. All the cotton that be raised in the » Southern States will rapidly find markets j throughout the world. We could market; ten million bales a year at price.* enormous- j ly profitable. There Is no tfetibt whatever, that white * farmers and laborers can, so far as health aud strength are concerned, engage in rais- ; ing this great staple upou the cotton lands of the South. The cotton raising regions of Middle »South Carolina, of Central and Southern Georgia, of Middle and Northern. Alabama, of YVestero Tennessee, together with the greater part of the vast area of Texas, arc highly salubrious. Much of the couutry alluded to lies high, it L well j watered, and has facilities for reaching mar- j ket; and there would be little diihcalty, ; with local aid that could bo obtained, of] Northern men quickly learning tho whole : art and mystery of cotton wiring. The subject is well -deserving* the atten- ■ tion of firmer.?, laborers, ami capitalists, * and of all who desire a plea;ant occupation and an easy fortune. —Louisville Journo l. The Richmond Hass Meeting. From the New York Herald’s Rich mond correspondent of Aug. 29th, we cull the following particulars of a mass meet ing held in Richmond on that date. The meeting was held in the public square, was an “immense” one, with the flags of the United States and Virginia floating over the speaker’s si and, and was presided over by J edge Wm. H. Lyons, of the Court of Conciliation, assisted by five Vice Presi dents. The resolutions, said to have been drafted by Meredith, also of the Court of Conciliation, are as follow-s : RESOLUTIONS. We, the people of the city of Richmond, in mass meeting assembled to express crur opinion in the present exigency of public affairs, do * ' Resolve , That we have witnessed with jf st ■indignation the persistent and wicked -ef forts of a portion of the press and people of the Northern States to brand the people -of the South with perfidy and insincerity in the honest attempts they have made, aiid are making, to resume" their form«*r rela tions with the Union, by questionh jg their fidelity and truth in the oaths of aliegjiance which they have taken, and, by v ague and unsupported charges, that they desire, if they do not contemplate further resisttpico to its au'hority. Such imputations are not only false, but mischievous, being calculat ed to retard, if they be not designed to de feat, that perfect and constitutional resto ration of the Union which th<a war was pro fessedly waged against the receding States to effect, and which good men and patriots in all sections of the country earnestly de sire to accomplish. A.id it being of the last importance that the minds of the whole people be disabused of these errors, and particularly that the authorities at Wash ington be .truly idCocmadof the temper; usd the the Southern people^ oriier imputations upon them of a kindred character, no matter from w bat source they come, to be utterly ungrounded and false. Resolved, That the general temper and disposition of the Southern people, includ ing our own, are to accept and acquiesce in the results of the late sanguinary strug gle and to resume the duties of citizenship in the Union. That the men of character amiability who have hitherto influenced public sentiment neither advice nor intend anything different from the discharge of tlieir duties as citizens of the United States; and are setting an example of full and rea dy submission to the authority of its gov ernment, and counsel a full recognition of the facte of the actual situation, including the accepted and irreversible abolition of slavery. Resolved, That we, the people of Rich mond, fully and thoroughly comprehend ing and accepting the results of that strug gle in all their force and significance, and as one of the most important, the abolition of slavery, already effected by the restored constitution of the State under which tfre live and which we are sworn tc* support, do pledge ourselves to support the recon struction policy of the PrtferfHent, which purposes a restored equality of rights and privileges to all the States, including the power in each to regulate the right of suf frage for itself, as distinguished from the reckless and pernicious theories of the so called radical party, which propose to the: Southern States the alternative of negro suffrage or an indefinite exclusion from the benafita of a common and equal Union; and that we will support the national au thority and the supremo rule of law and order everywh re, as Ihe only s\*re guaran tee for the re-establishraent of the rights and privileges of our own and of the other Southern States, under the constitution, in the Union. Resoived, That we earnestly recommend *e oar fellow citizens throughout (he State te&oid ineotiDga as soon as practicable in their respective counties and town, and adopt suitable resolutions expressive (as wc 4o not 4<*a*'t they will be) of their entire sympathy in Iha motives, purposes and ob jects herein declared; that no cloud of doubt, no shadow of suspicion may rest on the iniegrity, honor and good faitb of their expressed desire and itionest attempts to re jsuuiO the duties (A ft) the United States. Resolved, That it is,no tips* a pleasure than a duty oa the part to give public ex pression to the esteem and respect which we i'eel for the present Chief Magistrate of our 28tate, whose conciliatory bearing, frank and xnauly manners, and firm and well consid ered rtatesmanship, have enabled him to grapple succesriully with the unusual diffi euhies of his position. With the opportu nity to see us face to face as we are, he has the wisdom to appreciate,tbe true character oi' our He- iiSW* thrown bimr>©U without reserve on their candor, truthfulness and conscientiousness, and they have met, and will continue to meet, him in like spirit of cordial confidence. Generals Kirby Smith and Magrv.rfer. —- As popular rumor, both here and at the North, has ascribed to these two gentlemen the of immense wealth, derived from the Mexican cotton trade, simple jus tice to two gallant officers, whatever their errors or misfortunes, demand the refuta tion of a caluuiuy (unfortunately for them) without the sligbesc foundation in fact.— Should they be arraigned for treason, neither of them possess* enough to euable him to retain the services of even a Tombs lawyer for his defense. These who know the char acter and habits ol the two men will need no argument to ctjuviocx* them of tLis. Gen eral Magrudcr is an improvident aud impul sive man, whose liborai and profuse expen ditures were never restrained by any thought for the future. He is indebted to the gen erosity cf friends for the scant means by which ho hopes, as a refugee in a foreign Stand, to be able to escape persecution. Gen- W&3I Smith, on the other hand, is a gentle |i££in of most exemplary life and spotless character. A pious and humble member of the Episcopal Church, in which it was his highest ambition to be permitted to take > holy osiers on tho termination of the war; his orderly habits and scrupulous adherence to a .conscientious discharge of his duties, assure all xeaeoning men of the groundless ness of thißeoavge. Indeed, his administra tive capacity ag & department commander placed the possibility of successful specula tion beyond his reaob, had he been so in clined. T never personally ,fc»aw either of these gentlemen, or eDjoyed any favor at their hands. Their present status a3 fugitives gives littlo promise of “thrift” following this voluntary attempt to do them justice; but deriving my facts from an unquestionable source, I believe them, and make the atate- t went with an unswerving faith in their truth. Texas Carr. N. Y. Tribune. letter from Houghton, Michi gan, on Lake Superior, has the following about copper : Here are altogether twenty-four mining companies, which, at a moderate estimate, have spent #5,000,000 in merely develop ing their mines. Bix or seven of these may be regarded as first-class mines, one of which has expended within three years m ?ar half a million of dollars isl permanent imptovcments. A grand total of 4,500 toffs of ingot of copper wiU be sent to market the present year, oa the mining and manufacture of which will be laid out hereon*the ground $2,100,000, and which at present-pricey #2,800,000, Vol. LXin—Ho. 13S . cf Nm teqprtiTi, m Reconstruction.—Jndgs Uphem, ct Nat Hampshire, says the N. Y Toil reel of Commoroe, has written a letter in which he recommends amendments to the QmmiSm tion so that rspreseotatives in Congress atti electors of hwiiait and Tien Pimiisai and the United tetsf should he apportioned among the Mescal Blotos In the Uaiee an the h«sis of the number of legally aeaher isad rostra in anah tele. He an ja: b By tbeaenans of IMP there ware, in the Southern States nearly fear miHisns es slaves. Three-fifths of netthai, or twenty-four hundred thousand of these, ere therefore, by the Oonetatetioe an it new op iate, entitled to be represented, and, seder the present apportionment of member.* in Congress, the notion population of the Southern States would bane eighteen rapes sentttives in Congress, and e like aamber of oleetors more than the same noting peg* ulation of the North. With slavery abolished, the remaining two-fifths are repraaanted, eeeriag a tether inequality of twelve represents >«»<*, or thirty in all, making the repreeentatioe in Con gress to which the South would he anti tied ninety-seven members, wkee they thee id have bat sixty-seven; on inequality, by three votes, greeter than the satire repre sentation of New England, av her entire vote in the eleetion of President red Vise President. It is manifest that this astonishing in equality should not be tolerated. We eaa not afford to stultify ourselves of ear final reskoniug with the South, by the longer continuance of suoh preponderance es pewar in disk yal hands. te,Tho Warts trial seme to n mm twist abrupt conclusion, at aa early boar fa the afternoon yesterday, by thd withdrawal es the prisoner’s oounsel, Messrs Baker and Scbade. It seams Baker, in his erase anam ination of tbs witnesses on tbs strnd, and pretty sharp words psawd batwaaa the two, the Judge using language quite imperious and diotatoral. Mr. Baker, at length rigni fied his intention of retiring from the earn, and leaving his client, whose infests he could no longer serve, ia the charge and custody of the Court and the Advocate Gen eral. Mr. Sohade followed the example es his colleague, and withdrew. Whereupon the Court adjourned over for the day. The testimony was much to the seme effect aa that given by previous witaemea. The wit* as as Alcock stated that Captain Warts tank from hint « hundredand fifty dollars in gold, and two hun 4r «d and eighty dollars in greenbacks, with some* otherpersonal effects He made his esoape from .** J the money and articles were never On the cross-examination he aekawledgtU that he had “eaptared” the money from the enemy, or found it where it had here concealed. He further testified n«- tain Wirte shot a man for the ««ploofea£ of asking for a drink of water. Other witnesses testified to similar seta of enmity on the part of the prisoner. Among other witnesses, the man oalled “Boston Cor bett." was examined at some length.—AT Y. Neict, 2 9th ult. Speech oj Dr. French to the Frmdmm a Baldwin. —On Wednesday last, Dr. Frsmoh delivered an address to a large aadieooe of black men and women, from tke steps at the capital in Miilodgpville. The speech was substantially the same aa that marled in the Macon Telegraph as bean de livered at Albany. We have heard variens opinions on the merits of the some believing it had done good, end others hessa. The darkies took all they liked aad threw the rest over the left shoulder. Qoe thing, hi.wAvar, mads a profound impronsirm Dr. French told them that the white people here were compelled to employ them, that they could not get white labor from the North, because the white men here woe poor aad could not pay high wages, wheroes the while men at the North were rioh and had plenty of green books, and oonld pay higher wages The freed men said among them selves, if the people at the North are our friends, and are rioh, aad see pey high wages, that is the plaoe for ns. We think that is a very natural sooelfeion Cram the premises, and we are willing they should sot upon it. The people at the North thiak they know more about the negro then wade, and can manage them better then we de, end we are willing they should have the trial. That is the natural eouree of events, and to that complexion it will come at last. —Federal Union. A Qrott Outrage. — We learn that a day or taa since a band of lawless individuals —l, aa on the premises of a gentleman living near Carters rille, injuring him and his property to a eooiadar able extent. The facts becoming known la Car terSTille a party was made ap to go la poreok of tho outlaws. They were found end a coo Slot eaaoad which resalted in the killing of four of tho eeoua drels and mortally wounding ona of tho party la pursuit. We regret exceedingly being called oa toahroo icle this the first thing that mints of gasriilia warfare in North Georgia. Affairs In that aactioo. and, in feet, all other sections of tho State, have been programing so quietly since tho done of Cm wrr that we had begun to feel melds at that wo should be cursed with no such outrages. It Is mortifying to all peace-lot lug men to have tMs damper oast upon their labors for tho rmtoradwo of civil law. We hope prompt ■userit wig ko taken to suppress the band entirely. Tor el who are ao lost to (be manifest interest at the Stole as to try to inaugurate a guerilla warfare there la but one proper punishment—the? should ho bopg as soon as oaught, like nay highway robber. We trust the law-abiding eitiarae will aid tip authorities to the fall extent of thoir powers la bringing all such offenders to joauoo.— ktianta if«t Era, Sept, id.* %ST Human existence hinges apoo trike*. Who* would beauty ho without soopf