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DRUO Af n CHEMICAL TORE.•
■» MR. CALHOUN'S REPLY TO SIR
tPEUSTER—[Conclnded.j
1 hare now,I trust,shown saitsfactorilly
(hat then i* oo proiiiitu la ibo Cooati'
latino to authorize the Qaoeral Go* no
meat, through MJT of it* departments, tc
ouuiro'the actios of the Rtate. withiu the
gphcro of it* reserved power*—and that
Jdentolthe Senate. Irl ihi ootWe*
taken,proposition* of the lame kind were
made end acceded to by aomeof the .coo-
tineotal power*.*
With the nine ri*w, the Senator cited
the inability of the •talcs, a* evidence of
their want of sovereignty; at which I moat
express my surprise, coming ftom the
quarter it doe*. No one know* better than
tit. Svimwm that it is perfectly within the
competency of a sovereign (late to permit
itself to be sued. Wo hue on tha statute
book a standing law,under which the Uni
ted State* may be aued in certain laud
esses. Il the protiaion in the constitu
tion on this point, prove* any thing, it
proves,by the extreme jealousy with which
the right o( suing a state is pettnitted, the
very reverse of that for which the Senator
contends.
Among other objection* to the slew* of
the constitution (or which I contend, it i*
said that they ere novel. I hold this to bo
great mistake. The novelty I* not on
course, according to the principle laid that oftho Senator from Mas
down by the Senator from Massachusetts sac bssett*. The doctrine of consolida
himself, the government ol the State,
ns well a* the General Government, ha*
the right to determine the extent of tbeir
respective power*, without the right oo
the part of either to control tho other.
The necessary result* is, the veto, to
which he so much objects; and to get
clear of which, he informs us, was the
object for which the present Constitution
was formed. I know not whence he had
derived his information; but my impres
sion is very different, as to the immedi
ate motives which led to the formation of
(hat instrument. I have always under
Stood that the principle object was. to
give to Congress the power to regulsta
commerce, to lay impost duties, ami to
raise a revenue for the payment of tbn
pnblic debt and the expense of the Gov
eminent, and to subject the action of the
citizens, individually, to the operation of
the laws, as a substitute for force. Iflhe
object hid been to get cleat of the veto
of the States,"as the Senator states, the
SvuVCrnh: cerfclsi* performed their
work in a most bungling manner. There
wav unquestionably a large party in that
body, headed by men of distinguished
talents and influence. who commenced
farly. and, worked earnestly to the last,
to deprive the State—not directly, for
shat o.iuid have bees fee bold at-
Cern’,1. bat iftidirectly—of the veto,. Tho
good tense of the Convention |however;
par down every effort.however disguised ft
perseveningly made.Ido not deent it ncce.-
* try m give front the journal-,the history n|
■ these various and unsuccessful (attempts,
thought it would afford a very instructive
lesson. It is sufficient to say, that it waa
attempted by proposing to give Concrete
power to annol the acts of the Stales,
whi It they mitht derm inconsistent with
the Constitution; to tire to the President
pie lose, of .ppoiotion the Qercrarrr el
■ the States, with a view of vetoing State
bin through bis authority; and finally,
to vise to the Judiciary, the powfgto do
Cide controversies between the states aoii
the General Government; all of which
failed—fortunately for the libeity of the
Country—utterly and entirely faded; aad,
(a their failure, wo have the strongest evi
dence, that it was not the intend m of tbo
the Convention to deprive the Suits n(
the veto power.—Ilsd the attempt to de
prive them of this power besa directly
pnde. and failed, every one would hive
peril and felt, that it would ruriv-tli
Conclusive evidence in favor of iu cm*
tece Now. I would ask. what possible
difference can it mAo, in wlttt fern
(hi" attempt was made f Whether by at
tempting to confer on .tbs General Gov
ernment a power ioenpabl* with the ex-
S trive of the veto the part of tho
Men, or bv attempting diiectly to
Aoprive them of the right of eiercitiog it
We have thus direct anil atroug proof.
Out in tho opinion of the Convention,
f e States, unless deprive' of it, posses*
e veto power; or, wbat is soother name
rthe same thing, tho right of oull-fica
(Ion. I know that there is ■ diversity
of opinion among the friends of ihe St ,te
rights, in regard to title power, which I
fggret; as 1 cannot hot consider it is s
power etsemial to the protection t.f tho
minor interest ofth* community, and tho
liberty and union of tho.country. It waa
the very shield ol Suto rights; sail the
pnly power by which that system ol in
juatee against which we has* contended,
/or more than thirteen years, could ha
qr rested; by which aytiem of hostile le
gislation, of plundering by law; which
must necessarily I sad to a conflict of arms,
^tn bo prevented.
Hut I rest the right of a auto to jodgr
Of the estent of iu reserved powers,in the
lg«t retort, on higher grounds—that the
Constitution it a compact, to which Ihe
Mates art parlies, in their sovereign capa
city; tod that, at in all other cases of c ;m
pact between parties haring no co nraon
umpire, each has a right to judge lar it
(elf. To the truth of this proposition the
Bena|or from UasiachutetU bat himself
(Stented, if the constitution itself be a
Compact—and that it it. I bass shown. 1
troM-boyood tbs possibility of doubt.—
lion which he mainuins,ts of recent growth
It it not the doctrioe ol Hamilton, Ames,
or any of the distinguished Federalism of
that petiod.all of whom strenuously main
tained tho federatire character of the con-
stitution; though they were accutod of
supporting a system of policy,whtch wonld
necessarily lead to consolidation. The
first disclosure of that doctrinu was in the
cate of McCnllolt, in which Ihe Supreme
Court held the doctrioe. though wrapt up
in language aomewhat indistinct and am
biguous The neat and more open a-
vowal waa by the Senator of Massachu
setts himself, about three yean ago, in
the debate on Foote’s retolntioo. Tbn
first official annunciation ol the doctrine
was the recent proclamation of the Presi
dent, of which the bill that hat recently
passed this body, is the hitler froit.
It is farther objected by thnScaalor ftom
Massachusetts,and other against this doc
trine of elate righta,aa maintained in this de-
bate.that if they should prevail,the peace of
the r nnMr J wonld he deitroved. Bat
what if they ehoulJ not prevail! Would
there be peace! Yes, the peace of despn
tism; that peace, which is enforced by the
bayonet and award; the peace of death,
where alt the vital functions-of liberty
have ceased. It is this psaco which the
doc:rt.:e of state sovereignty may disturb
bv that conflict, which.in every free state,
improperly organized, necessarily exists
between liberty xnd power, hut which, if
restrained within proper limits, is a salu
tary exercise to our moral and iniellectn-
al faculties. In the easeofCarolina.which
has esosed sll this discussion, who does
Dot see. iflhe effusion of blood bo |iveven-
ted, that the excitement, the agitation.and
the inquiry, which it has caused, will be
followed by the most beneficial consequen
ces. Tho country had sunk into avarice
lutriqar, and e!ee;l- -.••'-im. from which
nothing Jtut some such event could rouse
it, or restore these honest and patriotic
feelings, which had almost disappeared
tinder their baneful iunitvuCu. Whs! gs
vernment has ever attained power and dis
tinction, withont such conflicts! Look at
t!.s degraded state of ail those nations,
where they have been put down by (he i-
ron arm of the government,
I, for my part, have on fear of any dan
gerons conflict, under the fullest acknowl
edgment of State sovereignty', the very
meat, uhti too. strong, oxetpt Poland,
where every freeman possessed a veto;
but even there, although it exelsted in so
extravagant n form, I was the source of
the highest and usoet lofty attachment to
liberty, sod the most heroic courage; qual
ities ibtl mrso than ooee saved Europe
from th* domination of the crescent and
seymear. ' It i* worthy of remark, that
the fate of Poltod is not to be attributed eo
much to the exeoeo ofthle negativejtowor
of itself, aa to th* tketltty which is aitutuod
to foreign influence io cootrolling iu po
litical Improvements.
I am not surprised, that with th# idea
of a perfect Government which the Sena
tor from Massachusetts has formed, a
Government of an absolute tnsjorily, tin
checked and unrestrained, operating
through a representative body, that ha
thonld he co moch chocked with what he
is pleased to eall tho abeurdily of State
itrio. But let me tell him, that his
scheme of a perfect government, aa beau
tiful aa bn conceives it to be, though of
ten tried, hac invariably failed, and has
alwavs run, whenever tried, through the
same uniform process of factiun, cnr.sp
lion, anarchy,and despotism. Hecontid
ers the representative principle as the
aji/ANiJAi:
FRIDAY AFTERNOON, Hat 10, 1833.
REDUCTION CONVENTION.
W* refer tbs reader to a .very latereetiag
letter, in this aflernooD'e Republican, from oor
old corrsipcadsnt st MillsdgsvtUe, giving an
account of the proeeediage of the Con-entlon.
It will bt seta that than ws< eontlderabls fits-
would mw bo to session. WlMfio peoplb sc-
quiesce la tbs time sod pies si reeomtasndsdl
Certainly, it Is ssIPqVtdeat Wall, did thapso-
pls farther aeqabses In sending so many and
no more delegates frost each county, aaracocf
mended! Undoubtedly. If. therefore, tbepeejd#
acquiesced In sll these items of tbs set of tbs
■.sglslstars, by whst subtls construction iff the
WILL of tke people da w* Srrivs at th* fact,that
tbs oath iUd/ was not acquiesced In by them
also! Did ttty/arasoify old set to it nod instruct
that, delesatss nottotako Itt I believe hot
casslon. pvevlooe to the oretniietion of that X h«„ it l.dearthst they desired what tea Us
Body, wbieb grew out of tbe oath pre.cribed
by the LegDlature. fur member**
Among the tdrocate*. tbe correspondent of
tho Augusta Chronicle mention* the nnmei of
Messrs- \V%y«o„!rernpo. Harris of Walton:'
Clark, of Hear?, and Hturges, of Upson: and
among the opponents. Me»sr* W. H. Crawford,
Joel Crawford, Gilmer, Jourdon, Young. Fo**
ter. Thompson of Elbert, Oliver of Elbertg and
Dawson, of Greene.
In this impression, w* conclude Ihe speech
of Mr. CALifou.e, in reply to Mr. Webster. Id
doing so, we bare complied with tbo wishes of
some ofour subscribers; at tbe same time, do
ing that justice to Mr. <?AtH00't that was ex*
peeled from the publication of that of Mr. Wait
Raving eatsblished that point, I ouw -Uim
aa I stated 1 would do, in tbo ronvte of
(bo discussion, the udaisstons of the tit
’ tutor, tad among them,tho liglyt of seces
fioa nod nullification, wltlch ho conceded
Wonld necessarily follow, if the conatitu
lion ba indeed acompact.
I bare now replied to the arguments of
tbo tisaator from Meunchuseiu. so far as
they directly apply to the resolutions, and
will.in conclutiou.notico some ol his gan
oral sod detached remarks. To pros* that
our* is a consolidated Governmsot.de that
there is an immedists connexion lietween
the Governmsot sod the citizen, he relies
on the fact, that tbe Iswe set directly oo
individuals. That such i* th* ease, 1 will
eo< deny; bat I am very far from eaoced
sag the point, tbit it affords the decisive
proof, or nvao any proof at all, of tho po-
eitiun wbieb tbn Seaator wish** to main
tain. I held it to bo perfectly within the
competency of two or more atatee to aub-
joet their ettixtoa, io certain cases, to the
tfircct action af rttch other, without (at-
nodes big or impairing their sovereignty.
'A recollect, white I was a member of Sir.
do troc’s cabinet,'* proposition was soli-
(bitted by the BritishGovernment, to pet-
mil a mutual right of search no I seizure,
on thn partof each gotrernmsnt.oi tbe citi-
tens of the other. •• board of result en
jftged iu tbo stare trade, and to erubtfsh
a join tribaoal for lhair trialfiod punish
ment. The proposition S3* declined, oat
VUiiUlCUl Ui OlfiW ouvsmyjij, IU6 WX-IJ
(bci that iho States m.iy interpose, will
S odacc m»«icratioa And justice Tin
rncral Government will absthin from the
txercise of any power io which they mav
•npp«>se three foorths of the States will
not sustain them; whilo on the other
teiod. the States will not interpose but
on eonvictien that they will be supported
l>y on.’.fourth of their co-Statcs. Moder
ation nd justice will produce conAdsnce,
attachment, and patriotism; and these, in
turn, will ofler most powerful barriers
against the excess of conflicts between
the Sutes and the bead of the confcder.v
cy
Hot we are told, that should the doc
trine prevail, the present system would be
as Mad, if not worse, than the old confed
eration. I regard ths assertion only as
evidence of that extravagance of dechr v
lion, in which, from excitement of feel
ing, we so often indulge. Admit the
lower, and still ths present system would
in as far removed from the weakness of
tbo old confederation, ns it woold be from
ths lawless and despotic violence of con
solidaiioa So fur from being the same t
ihe dilfcrence between the confederation
and the present Constitution, wonld still
be most strongly m rked. If there were
oo otliei flstiT-tion, the fact th*t the for
mer required the concurrence of the states
to execute its acts, and ths latfer the act
uftho Stiles to arrest its sets, would
make a divtinciion a* broad as tbe ocean;
i. the former, the vi* inertia of bur nature
was io opposition to the setionof the ays
tom. Not to act. was to defeat. In tho
Utter., the same principle is no the oppo
site si-rt; action is n-quited to defeat.—
lie who understands imnun nature will
see in this difference between a feeble
and illy co.itrived confederation, sod the
restrained energy of a federal system.
Of the s.vue chan ter is the objection,
that ths doctrine wilt be the source of
weakness- If we look to mere org nixa*
lion and physical power as the uoly source
of strength, without taking into the eed
mate, tbs operation of moral causes, such
would appear to be tbe fact; but if we iahs
into the climate the I niter, you will And
that those Governments have the greatest
strength in which power has been most
efficiently checked. Th« Government
of Rome furnishes s memorable esample.
There two independent and distinct pow
ers existed—the people acting by tribes,in
which the plebtans prevailed and by cen
turies, in which (lie patricians ruled
Ths tribune* were ths appropriate repr*
•entatives of ths one power, and the Hen
ate of ths other: each possessed of th*wu
thority of ebsekiog and overruling one
soother, not a* departments of the Gov
erameot as supposed by the Senator from
Massachusetts, but as independent pow
era—as much so as (he .State sad Gener
al Governments. A shallow observer
would perceive io such an organisation,
great modern improvement in legislation >TER
and of itself sufficient to secure liberty.—
I cannot regard it in the light in which he
does. Instead of modern, it is of remote
and hss exlfted in greater or less
perfection, io every free State from Hie
remotest antiquity. Nor do I consider it
as of itself sufficient to securd liberty,
though I regard it as one of the indispen
sable means—the means of securing the
peoplo against the tyranny and oppres
sion of their rulers. To secure liberty,
another means is still neccssary.the means
of securing the different portions of socie
ty against the injustice and oppression of
each other,, which can only be effected by
veto, interposition, or nullification, or by
whatever n.une the rcsttair.mg or negative
power of Government may be called.
Tbe Sena*or appears to bo enamored
with his conception ofa consolidated ^ v
erhment, and avows himself to be prepar
ed, seeking no lead.to rush, in its uaicnco
t*> the front rank.where the blows fall hea
viest and thickest. I admire his gallantry
and courage—but I will tell him, that he
trill fir d in the oppo*ite ranks, under the
flag of liberty, spirits as gallant as his own;
and that experience will teach him,that if
is infinitely easier to carry on the war of
legislative exaction by bills and enact
mentn, than to extort by sword and bayo
net, from the brivesind the ftee.
The hill which has passed this body, is
intended to decide this great controversy
between that view of our government, cn
tcrtained by the Senator and those who
act with him, and that supported on our
side. It has merged the tanff, and all
other questions connected with it. in the
higher and direct ivsne, which it presents
ihfl Federal «vstem of govern
ment and consolidation. I consider the
bill ns far worse an J more dangcroos to lib
erty, than the tariff. It has been m «st
wruuiutm |).«»s£u, when its arswed ehj*?!
no longer justified it. I consider it as
chains forged and fitted to tho limbs of
the states, and hung up to bo used wheu
occasion mar renuire. We are told, in
order to justify tlie passage of this fatal
measure, that it was necessary to present
the olive branch with one hand and the
sword with the other We scorn the .al
ternative. You have no right to present
the sword. The constitution never pul
the instrument in your bands to be cm
ployed against a state; and as to the olive
bntQcbi whether wc receive it or not, will
oot depend on your menace, but on our
own estimate of whit is due ro ourselves
and (he rest of the community, in refer
ence to tho difficult subject, on which wc
have taken issue.
Sores months since we noticed ths Invention
ofs Rico Tlire<hing Machine, by Mr C. Em-
«. We are upw enabled fund do it with
th plcaanre) to state, that those who hare
them in operation, hsve found them tosuccerd
in all that they were intended to perform. Ve
nous certificates of tbe most respectable indi
viduals of thi* and the adjoining statediave been
thown us, and they spenk|in high terms of tbit
Machine. One of the certificates from • gen
tlcmauwhn hu been uninsone for some time
state*, that be has threshed 350 hufbels per
day. by the power of four males; and another,
whob’U two driven by steam power, that they
turn out 7<H) bushels peTday, winnowed at the
lime time*
We hsve no doubt from wbat we understand
that they will be geuerally ased on all the plan
tations in preference to the Frathtfrorait* save
of labor f»nd the clear manner in which the Rica
Is tiics fr.*re ,h « It U nil admirable
invention, and tbo inventor merit* every ere-
A On Sunday the 28th April lav*,
the Cherokee Intelligencer nftlia-flh in*t)
s battle was fonght near^cudder'e in For«yth
betwaan « !“wty nf Indians and a party
of Whites consisting of about thirty on each
•ido. Their weapon* of warfure consisted of
ftsis. aticks,and *ton«*. There were no lives
but rtfany a black eye and broken bone was
tbe result of the conflict. Mr- Lout IIobix'ok,
from whom we obtained thii intelligence, wua
prevent at the scene, and described it os being
Tery terrific. We (regret that Mr. Ilosisso*
was in such a great burry that we had not suf
ficient time to enquire into tbe particulars. Tbs
victory wav claimed by the White*: and we
presume the quarrel originated in a dispute a-
bout the gold mine a at that place.
A parent lately brought an action in one of
tkc'Crsr*? •! f*h$Hd#lnhin. njrninst Ihe Rev.
Dr. llrt.rE.v tkin. for joining hi* son io the
bond* of matrimony before be had attained tbe
age of I wenty*one. From the evidence produ
cid, it wav shown that the son nt tbo time of
hit marriage, wav but little more than seven
teen. and tbe law being very explicit in tbe
ca«e. tbe raverenJ gentleman bad judgment
given agniuvthiin for forty pounds [#! >133] the
full amount of the penalty.
nothing bat lbs perpetual source of soar
chy, discord and weakness; and yet expo
rnent. 1 he ptojwit:;cR rat declined, oot which may bs considered extravagant.bat
% ’cause it woald impair the sovereignty ia wbieb history will (ally bear me our.
rteeee has proved that it was the ran»i
powerful Government that ever existed;
nod reason teaches that this power w*<
derived from tbe very circumstance which
Hasty reflection would consider ths cause
ofwsakoete. I wi’l venture so assertion
which mov be considered extravagant.but
of either, baton the ground bf general |t list wcfcsve no knowledge of any people
OxpcJieocy, and bscAUiC it woul.l be io-1 in which s power of arresting the improrv
Thn Senatnr from Massnchuietts has
struggled hard to.sust.nin his cause; but
the load was too heavy for him to bear I
am not surprised at ihe ardor and zeal
with which he has entered into the contro
versy. It is a great struggle between pow
er and liberty—power on the aide of the
North.and liberty on the side ol theHouth.
Rut, while 1 am not surprised at the part
which the Henntor from Massachusetts
lias taken, I mutt express my n:nn/ement
at the principles advanced by the Senator
from Georgia, nearest me (.Mr. Forajth)
I had anppoced it was imposvihle, that
one of his experience and sagacity,should
not p?rcri*** lb* n*w and dangerous di
rection which this controversy is about
to take For the flret time we nave heard
of ominous reference to a provision in the
Constitution, which ! have never known
to be before alluded to in discussi.vn, or,
in connexion with any of our measures.
I refer to that provisions in tho Constitu
tion, in which the General Government
guaranties a republican form of Gov
ernment to the states—s power which,
h- reafter. if not rigidly restricted to the
objects intended hy the Constitution, ie
destined to be a pretext to interfere with
our political affairs and domestic institu
ticnsin a manner infinitely more danger
out than any other power which hase-
ver been exercised on the part of the
General Government. I had supposed,
that evety .Southern Senator at least
would have been awake to the danger
which menancee us from this new quer
ter; and that no sentiment wonld be ut
tered, on their part, calculated to counte
nance th** exercise of this dangerous (low
er. With these impress! ids, I heard the
rienatnr with amazemant, alluding to
Carolina, asfurnithing a case which cal
led for the enforcement oft his guarantee.
Does ho not teethe hazird of the inde
finite vxtousion of this daogerous now
er? There exists h every Southern
Hute a domestic institution, which
would r.*q'aire a far less hold construc
tion to co n viderthe g vernment of every
Htate iathnt quarter not to be republi
can; and, ok course, to demand, oa the
part of this government, a suppression of
the institution to which I a'lnde, in ful
filment of the gorsntee. I believe there
it now no hosti e feeling combined with-
political considerations, in aoy section
connected with this delicate subject.
Rut U requires nn strech of the imagina
tion to see the dancer which must one day
come, if not vigilantly watched. With
tbe rapid strides with which this govern-
them is advancing io power, a time will
come, and that not far distant, when peti
tions will be received, from the quarter
• hieh I allude, for protection: 'when the
laith of the guarantee will be at least as
applicable to that easu as the Senator
from Oeorgb now,thinks it is to Carolina.
Unless his doetria*bu opposed by am-
and firm resistance, its ultimate effect
^nspatidt with the pro virions ol the coo-1 er acts of the Gtveru neat, or what -m y will bu to drive tbu white popalttios from
fi3fc»ti>ATfwEi«& ggNMMpI tho>dic«l| hp$gU*)thtO<gaafi yomtf of Germ- ‘ ~ ‘
thi Southern Atlantis Staler.
To the Editor of the Sav'h Ilc publican—
Mr LEnoKviLi.E. Slay 7. 1833.
I he Reduction Convention is in session. At
about 13 o'clock, A. M. of yesterday, tbs mein,
hers met in tbe Representative's Hall of tie
Ca itol and exchanged credentials— 'nj AVnop
of M'latari*, acting atCUairmsn. The Hon. Jas.
>1. WaTSE wr» chosen •*re«ident, -od Mr. ——
Hi nt, of Monroe County, Clerk. Tbt Hon
Wm. II CiiAivroRp. was run in opposition to
r. Wavni, but the succeis of lh« latter gen
tleman was gained bv « vast majority.
la untieing thas ranch of the organisation of
thi* Rody, you bnVe but a very imperfoct idea
of what took place previously; As soon s* ths
credent ials # were road. Col. Foiter of Greene,
and at present one of our Representatives in
Congress, moved to procred with the election
of I'resMont. This motion, as it proved to b«*
by a debate of nearly two boars, vn nothing
loss than introducing • bone fur contention It
was promptly objected to by Gen. IVai keh nf
Richmond, who urged the pre*pri#ly e.f the
member* fint qaiifying, agreeably to the pro
vinons oftho act of tbo last I.egDlntpre. au
thorizing tbe Convention It wn* difficult to
perceive wbat differenre a prmv action upon
•itber proportion, wonld make. Neverthelese,
the speakerar-and no yery smell number of
them—waged the contest with a Seal and earn
estness. betokening tbe salvation of the Con
vention itself. Like nil discussions arising be
fore deliberative assemblies, extensive digres
sions were made from the main point of debate;
and notwithstanding the qnestioo of "order”
and Parliament ry practice were strictly the
confines of the argument, tbe disputants trant
gretsing inch hyjincli. gradually and fearfully at
it were, approached fie secret and raal cause of
complaint,to’tvit-rie Inking ihe onth preteribed
in the act. Some culled it a teet oath, and made
great ado against its propriety: others admit
ted its legitim ary, and felt bound to take it.
Both si-les, however, regarded tbe election pj
their President, to be materially eoncerut-d.
Those who desired it before tbe oath should ba
required to be taken .did so that the President
(ho being responsible—officiating—organ of
tbe Body) might determine upon soy objection
raised to taking it—While tbe other party
maintained, that the President, whoever he
might be, roost himself first be qualified--and
along with him. all the rest of tbe members;
and then the Rody being organized, could pro
perly elect it« officer*. At an early stage of
this discussion, the Hon Ww. II. Crawvird
eame forward and remarked hi* repugnance
to the aath—said it would be treason to the
peoole to take It. and nothing less then
cheating them out of thair sovereignty—
at least eo I understood tke gentleman.—
What a wide difference 4n opinion, great
men entertain'. A man of ordinary mind
wonld say (and eo It waa slid repeatedly
in tbs Convention) that although tbe U.
gietature, generally speaking could not bind a
Coavxeviov oftho Peovlc. y«t, | Q this partic-
nlev instance, tbs Convention have adapted tbe
teruse prescribed bv tbe Legiriatsre—snd.tbste-
foce, it is incumbent upon tbe asembere of tbe
•ame to do and to eon form totbe provisions of
tbe act in qnestfoo.— V# will aay that Us U-
giriatsrs rteemmended to tbe peeplo this r«r
vention—that it ehonld meet st (this piece end
nw tke Iret Monday is Msjr. dad that as oath
should betaken, wbieb oath was prescribed to
so many word.. Lei •• now ask i# the people
«rs*J»k«ToaC0Tcstiot. Cl, jse.otooo.
gislature authorized, and if-Treason' bad been
committed. It seems that the not taking ths
oath wonld have approached hearer to it than
otherwise. Resides sll this, the Convention now
in eession is one chosen fore special and spe<
cified purpose. Tho people themselves in par
sing ae literally •* they have done the act of
the legislature, so have constituted it—and. it
would most unquestionably be departing from
their high trust to transcend the limits ordained
for deliberation and amendment. Much being
the true nature «f <Si« raa?tc:\evf!V , "d*« <'hari.
ton must err in recommending a different course
fur the action oftbe Convention, and so I un-
der«tand.he does in u uuuiiauaicaiiss addr****d
to the members oftho Convention.and publish
ed recently in your Journal.
Rat to resume. The motion of Col. Foster
was fially referred to Ibu sense uf the Hou«e,
an) overruled A motion was then made
to proceed in qualifying the members, nmf
again the sp»ut uf debate broke !*?•• ••‘•miue-
ly fresher and stronger than ever. The direct
question of taking the oath as nn obligatory du
ty was oowfpresentedby Mr- f)AWSOJi.»ifGreene,
by way of am.-ndmenha1lowinf those dissenting
from its binding influcnce.to take it voluntarily,
thrreby. not subscribing to the Idea of being
dictated toby the i^giaature! Here. too. a
wrong co. eeption of the matter seemed still t"
linirer with some of the members. one can
doubt fur n moment, which powrr is superior
the l.egirinturc. or a Convention of the eover
eign People—but thi* Convention was call«d
into existence upon the basis and very term*
of the Act ofthe Legislature. The people hid
ratified wbat the Legislature authorized—tht^
mad* the act of tho latter their teritten iri//.and
all opposing acts are derogatory toil- Mr.
Dawson's amendment, however, after long ar
gument. was likewise overruled, and tbe mem
her* required to qualify by taking tbe oath
After this latter diseusrioa. an adjournment
was moved nod carried to 5. P. M. At which
«j w-jss rfinnwit the ehair and the
qualifying of members proceeded. Nothing
further occurred worthy of remark, save the
singular and odd manner which some qualified
tkemtelae It seemed after all had been said
done, they still objected to being sworn b>
any officer acting fur tbe nbolnbody audio
strict pursuance of tbe act of tbe Legislature—
bccaune, such would aeknowledge at uoce tbe
right in tbe Legislature to make an path or pre
scribe melee and bound* fur the convention
to avoid this and rrtain their seats, tbe\ rend
the oath alond and kissed tbe Uible
Col. Joohdon. of Jones, was tha first,
who took the oath this wise. After him, there
were others—ail of whom were doubtle** rio
cero in iuuit' Slid Isfli-TSefd by
proper judgment*—bet It furnished. I humbly
conceive, a feeble, though labored crpou of tie
true sovereignty ofthe people.
Tbe Hon: \V. II. CRAwmD took the oath,
but banded in a piper containing. I judge, bis
proleet against it*justice or propriety. It ws»
not read, but a>ill ba spread up- n the Journal.
Tho Delesation from tho county of Murray,
arcrc cstspped fr*»m taking the oath, bv wont
ofthe oumber of years (7J prescribed in it for
their citizcnsbip Col. Foster made a motion
io tbeir behalf which was postponed and final-
ly rejected.
To day, i committee of three from eaeh Ju
dicial Circuit,bn* bean aothoriaeJ, to devisee
plan, or basis, fur reductiun, to be re
ported to the Convention. ' ben that come*
up, then comes tbs tug of war.
As accountants say, " errors excepted.” en
«ny I: for. to a spectator standing at a consul
treble distauce. It is difficult to bear correctly,
that which is read from the table—much less to
preserve accurately, the thread of debate
METROPOLITAN.
srflKMttfiit the blot** between Ore.
with and Washington streets ,,,,JL
luge. We undefittnd thstthe lot, k?
log deep there were dwalliug hotus, iJl
oo tho front, and rears of non of th,,
Tho Im* of MoiMMjr has beta hut?,'
estimated at from (tse hundred toil
hundred and fifty thou land dollar,‘ j.”
feared that comparatitrely bat. , B 5
portion is ensured. • W* learn that Ki»
& Brown’s policy expired only *est»rf»
or tho day before. The loss ofihessS
il.mnn will ba tore severe. Fnv i.
tion to the Bomber ul hones, eigiitTrl
nmm MfMl«* hfirnt. thrssn nt al>UL ^
gee were burnt, thiee of which ••»».'
The Are ie ——h- •— i; —-• - - *
geuerally beliered to' fe:
HR Of a femala inr..,,.
been the wotk or a 'female inceodr
Some mitaoderstsndiitg harin| t,' *
pltee between the persons suspected w
one ofthe drivers, sod she wu heard
say last night, that she would lu,e»
vonge—and hi less thau two hours f,!l
this declaration; the stables wac io rn’m
There wua no want of water, buire
firemen could not approach near ths u
in front, in consequence of the
beat: the whole burning, os on old f,!'
man .aid this morning, liheohean J
dry shavings—The cits was illnmij;.,
audit ope period, it w.., 0 light to
second wsrd; that a. newspaper ...J
have beau read. A gentletnao hoot N»
ark. inform* ot that it wu duiinrih
at tl^it plane. 3 ^**1
Iti. quite impossible to give , nJ -
like a corvee list oftl.e suffer,,, k *
e iriy pertud, uul au far at «e arsshl. ,.
[Here followed the list ofi u ir tre
which we will publish hereafter ] '
The scene presented this tm,,.;..
desolate indeed. Thete tire • g,^, * -
families reduced to absoluteoaot
tue glad to tee that a public mWtio.i?
been called re rentier aid to the ,
•us siiffereta. The Are came»«, *
ny eo autideu that they had luiilf^Z
escape with their lives—somri*;,,,.?
streets with only whst thev hat n *Ii
they retire.l t*s bed In som«l«i»r W
furniture had to be restored two ovthvat
times, and many articles wste buiu
Ihe streets.
. We heard one man remark, that In,
last night lie removed all his furniture 11
to a house that he was this Are t 0 hi.
occupied, and this morning uoi a veitir
of it remained '
lilaay are running about iu tha oeitl
icrhcsd loshici far the:.- gcodj, „
knowing up to eleven o'clock, wlnln
they Imre aared an article. lilochr
le.-irn was stolen, and the pickporkr*
on ihe alert—one or two were lakci t
the police.
LATE t, IMPORTANT PROEmU
Private accounts received ro ibj.
from the most reopectolde iotirrs, .ed
Cadiz Mareli 93d tiring infornM! -t,
Don Carlos left Madrid on the iOV,,
afl.rwsrd.! C0,T1 P nnv with Ute llutehesa de lino.*
it I, believe, Thty l.'f! thr ccp.f! t! S-’ 4 .
In the morning, tv thuut protlii'-ing r
ezei'einent
Th- imp-’rtant movement, wldet
expected by tome of the puit ic WI ICII
Europe si onr last dale., but >hick v
regard'd as rather do'i' tf'l'. hi- the'*,
been made; and the retnl't must hr r .
dad at favorable to tha best interim
Spain
Carlos, lbs chief ol jec> of (enr,al i;
prehension among the friend, of lihts
aa well at the Queen', putty, i< nn. o
d*V *b- -ye., and in fact greatly v ii
disposal of France and Enrlootl wiwl
means nf tlirir present adnntim w
hsve in Ihrir power to -xert s iw, e
portent influence io the Pcntatuli.
We further learn.that in syw-'iN
From lb* N. Y. Com. Ad,erti.tr, April I
DESTRUCTIVE FIRE!
■urmiara ol th- late English aa' I’
Journola.no change had hero it**
Ih* Hp-nish Ministry. sHhoagi tb
were many rumors afloat io rrlww
the subject.—V. K. Daily Ul
CO IVIE iOIAL
’atz. raostUva*»ooL,!t::tn:::t 2W
Iiatks raoii nAvaa.t:::«t:i::iitt!t:ttw < ‘
SAVANNAH EXfOttTt- - .
Spanish poise.. Con.tvntia.8it lltne-
whole and 43 half rn.ks Itics.
FitUR UI.OCK.-A OF mill.lllNQd NEAR
I.V DEHTItOV Eit—FORTY BURN
BU tNT TO DEATH*
Within one week from lliiaday, il has
been oor painful duty to record three des
tructive fires, aud this day the fourth, lar
more disastrous than either of the former
and morn ealenairo than any that has no
curred in this city for lire last quarter of a
century.
About II o'clock loat night, the alarm
wua given, and it to anon asr.ertsineil
that the eaiensire stables ofMessrt. Kipp
Si. Brown, proprietors of Ihe Greenwich
stages, were on fire;and Ihe work of des
truction did not cease until all tho build -
logs on four block*. 01 squares,were near
ly destroyed—destroying, il ia computed
from one hundred and thirty to one hun
dred and fifty houses, and drising into tha
street from 330 to 400 families. Soeh
scenes of distress were never before wit-
nessqd by the thousands ol persona who
ware (he looker* on of this dreadful ca-
lamity. We fully concur with tha Daily
Advertiser of this morning, that “lan
guage can scarcely deacribe the icene of
eonfu-i-1 and consternation at this mo
ment—hunt) reds of lamilies who had te
moved their furniture to placet supposed
by them to be secure, were now seen fly-
ing in every direction before tbe fury of
the all obaorbio; rlemrn ;—in many in-
stances furniture after being removed, wae
destsyed by (lie fire. Through the dense
clouds of smoke and burning emhera.chil-
Uren half naked were to be seen tunning
to and fro crying for their parents, and
patents in despair shrieking the name* of
their children."
The at ablet where the Are orignated
were siuiaiett oath* corner of the lluif-
son end Hank streets. Tbe wind blow
iog a gale from the eastward at tbo. time,
and so rapid waa the progress of Ihe the.
souring element, that Io. five minutes
from the esmmeucemeot the stables were
iu oo* sheet of flame, tad In twentv min*
ate* the block of building* bounded by
Hudson. Beak, Greenwich aad Hammoad
streets were buret to tho ground. "It
speedily eammonieated to tho adjoining
block, taking a westwardly direction,
which very ooon after, shared the
fat*. The flame* soon crossed rtt
veaterlv eid* af Hammond atacet—and
shot;!- after th* satire row fraotiug no
Party street, aad extending all tbg way
to Washington stroot—comprising alto-
'gather fear square*, waa tea blaze. U
those who are not acquainted With that
part of Owelty Fill leak at Ure sap they
Apgcsta, Msy a—i rflM-Tbe tba- 1
it so extensive as last wv-ku"^' 1 r
’ f
rvssdsd i to i csot, io comnws
- ■■ Ilia ll|.Stam ,r “
thatfsr this ws.i hssstiwsLirit'i*" 1 '
£2i
ViA&I < B gft
FO&X OF SA/A I -JJ*
A It It I / E D
Srbr. Ilslssy. H-dvtskg^^.Ja
to S U Parkasss* J 0 llarhsrt »«h
SkJop aJavgilUc., » b *i
tea Is E P n*Us. n n . «. pp
Sloop Bolivar, Psjas, Dstha- «
too to AV Patterson n . 31
Sloop Saw*’. *
Cotton ta J ritoas kco. F. l>-“
rstoo,. mmi 4c Ebz*. Briggs. Hsu"
haltsCottoo toiK PBatts
stcam-bost CbarissUm- fUsrfrf. tl
to W Uujean. H4sshttei*
Sloop Joha Cbssslisr/tAi’-^- *****
Spanish Poise ro Crestsells. Alcioa. H* -
Steam-boat Q AVsshiD*toa,Pa"« ttu?
of ApriL
" •noMtFloridasmvsd f*-
Texel, on the'JJd. rt .
Ths brie Clarissa Ass, hr
FOR NEW YURI
IITASUtBW
Will soB on Moudiy.n*xi 1*^
balance of freight or pea"**-."VTl
cellcet accommodattoos. »PV'I/
Whitson board,or to #
HALL, 8HAPTER%
FQR. PROvfiffi*'
The ship
MARY.
Wdl"s*ilTbi* Day. *1^*
Providence,and
modal* four YgasregjTf *|Jc5
may 10 M*