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VOLUME LIII
SAVANNAH, GA.. WEDNESDAY MORNING. NOVEMBER 7.1850.
NUMBER 287.
pernor s
pXKiTTlVR DEPARTMENT, r
Mm.kdukvili.k, 6th Nov. 1855. J
•„yv iWtrnt of
" fit Senate and Wommu/ Kfprcimtdtivtt:
y,. B ba»o assembled as the reprekentaUves
! ib* people, to review tbo administration
ib* Stato Govoruuioot, for tbo last twu
„•*, and to cnaot suoh lawe aa your wis-
«may dictate, to bo nooeaaary for th#
r notion of the publlo atolfaro. You moat
t .icr circumstances well calculated to awak-
gratitude to Uaavan. For although ^he
■tvioaa yaar waa ona of drought and coin-
»r*tive aoarcity,and memorable for tha meN
acholy ravage* of yoltnw fovar upon our
•inclpal aaaport city,yat,tba temporary frown
t'rovtdanoa haa passed away,and again we
o»k la bit beneficent (mile*. Paaoe, health
d.I prosperity reign throughout our bordere;
« atill enjoy tba messing* of civil and re-
(ioua liberty ; all thing* combine to pro-
rite u« to that rlghtcousneia which “exalt-
th a Nation."
TREASURY.
I herewith aubinil tha Report of tha Tnaa-
far, exhibiting fully the oporationa of tho
1 partuont, tor the luat two fiscal veara,
: ling uu tha 20th of October. It appear*
nt thore wan at that data, an available bal-
t et in the Treusnry of #00,793 24.
The Western k Atlantio Rail lloak paid
iv the Treasury. in 1854, the auiu of $50,-
Thera were also collected from tho
fjtral Government, on acoount of military
iiiuf, # 11.331 79. In 1855 and prior to
; e lft of October, tha Western «f- Atlantio
til Koiid paid in tho further aum of $100,-
0 00. Tho Treaauror alao received on ao
cat of tho sale of tho reverted lands in
; Cherokee region, sold 4 uuder an net of
.< last Legislature, the aum of # 19,302 61.
viu the aula of the States’ intercat in lands
. me Chattahoochee, under an aet of the
jt «c-sion, he received the further aum of
11. lleuco, for the two flaoal years,
.i i'reosury hasreooived tho aggregate aura
$182,027 42, from extraordinary sources,
anticipated by the laat Legialature in the
<;iaute or revenue. The aggregate receipts
tho Treasury, from ordinary sources, for
.t two yeara was $930,244 03; and the ao-
id nggrogatb of disbursements, for the satno
at, a as $946,874 97 ,* showing that thero
.aid hare been a detlcit, without the re*
.;;tslrora these extraordinary sources, of
16.730 94. Now, the act of the 24th of
•tccuiber, 1845, creates a lion upon the Wes*
mi A Atlantio Rail Road and its nett earn-
:p or tho redemption of the Stands,amount-
:g to $125,500 00, which it authorised to
< i.-sued for the extension of that work.
,'hcy tall due in July and Deoember 1856.
iut’joeing that a deficit in the Trensury to
q««i the demands upon it, must necessarily
ur; finding it also impracticable to call
these Bonds, except to the amount of
{19.500, and feeling perfectly confident that
2* future procoods of tho road will he amply
mficient to meet tho balanoo of $106,000..
before or at maturity, I directed the
Irtisurer to carry the raunios paid in, from
::»i source, into the general fund, uso them
2 the paymont of the public Debt and in
terest,and the regular operations of the Trens-
iry.
The Committee of Finance on the State of
it Treasury, Ao., called my attention to
tt immense item of expense for the services
i! Clerks in both branches of the General
•vembly. I have investigated this subject,
Mutual examination of tho President’ll and
inker's Warrants from 1833, down to the
;r:»ent time, including the lost session. The
legato expenses of the two Houses, per
bi-ion, on this scoro, from 1833, down to
;t teuton of 1848-’50 ranged from $4,290.-
K'.o$S,833, the latter sum being tho largest
ir.ndituro of any ono session during that
id. For the session of 1359»’6U, the ex-
:-•.** for Clerk’s hlro of the two Houses was
I.-.2S6 60; for 1851 '2, it was $17,212 00,
ni for 1853-'4, it wus $33,150 00. Tho
r..rmuus uxpendlture.of the throe last sos-
mi of the Legislature cvinco oxtmva-
p:c* snd call fur retrenchment and ro-
:.:a.
TAXATION.
Looking at tho largo liabilities of the
‘ r tstern A Atlantio Rail Road, to mature in
■m6, and the heavy demands upon its re*
:.:pu, to perfect its equipmont, I submit,
it will oe wise to adhere to the policy of
raising, by taxation, the amount necessary to
ietray tho expenses of the Government, and
a«)t tho ordinary drafts upon the Treasury,
faene't e.'iruinu of the Road abould be
Jitfifu/Jy app9ed to the extinguishment of
e ur 'o public debt oreated for its construo-
, n . uxatiun should furnish the rovenuo
.mil that ehtsJl have been accomplished.
oomtnunicntiou Between tlio convicts, nntl
tlie absence of nil classification of them,ac
cording to the moral character of their re
spective offences, tho hope of reforming is
unavailing—is vain ami futile. It is rather
a school in which tlio villain loams to ho
more obdurate in bis depruvity, uud ho
who is imnrisonnd for an offonco not invol
ving tho darker shades of torpitudo, loses
tho littlo self respect remaining to him by
tho necessary contact with his associates,
and is thus ultimately robbed of this last
trait of human redumption. Tho exceptions
to this general remark,few and far between,
confirm its truth. Hence tho Penitentiary
ceases, to u great extent, to he a terror to
evil doers. It also fails to answer the other
object of punishment—tlmt of deterring
others from violating the laws of the land.
Tlio loss of personal liberty, of tho sweets
of coeinl life, and the necessity for conataut
toil and restraint upon the human possums,
should constitute the terror of imprison
ment. But organized aa it is, how feeble
and impotent nro those sanctions under our
system of Penitentiary confinement!
It has most signally"failed to accomplish
tho second design of its formation—that of
being a self sustaining system. Tho proof
of this is fouud in the largo appropriations
which tho Legislature have been compelled
at almost every session,| to mnko for its
support. Thore are palpable causes—causes
If you design it to be a that meet the eye of tho most superficial
paying road, then thmpoliov obviously Is, to observer—which render it impossible for
adjust the freight schedule, in reference to ils it to pay its own'expenses. Its wall endo-
oonnMtlon wUh.lh.™. If jou.r. oom.nl lb.t 0 „l y about two acres of R l-oum1. Is it
expected thatodohumlreiloml .even,
ns the means or affordingthe low with facilities l y ftv « "»«“«•" l)e employed profitably
for procuring the products of the up-country, upon so small an arena in wjuch it is ini-
wathaut special reference to profit, then it iui»y pract icable to diversify lnboif It is located
be treated and conducted as an independent whoro materials for niunufacturing enntiot
another part of this communication, then all
tho nett reoelpta of the Western A Atlantio
Rail Road should bo appropriated to the pay
ment of the Publlo Debt. Thore Is obvious
propriety in this policy. Most of tho Debt
waa oreated for the construction of the Road,
and it is thereforo proper, that it should first
discharge it* liabilities to the Stato. As a
large portion of tho Publio Debt will fall due
at the same time, tho Executive should be
olotbed with discretion to make such applica
tion of the money, dorivod from that souroo,
as will avoid tho etnbarrnssmont whloh such
heavy maturities must produce. I therefore
respeotfully submit, that, after the paymont of
these Ronds and reserving enough from time
to time to meet ita liabilities proper, aa thsy
may fall due, the nett earnings ot tho State
Road should constitute a Sinking Fund, per
manently set apart for tho purpose indicated.
WESTERN AND ATLANTIC RAILROAD.
I herewith submit the two annual reports of
the Sutwrintendant ef the Western and Atlan
tio Railroad, exhibiting ita operations for the
fiscal years 1854 and 1855. They show a steady
and highly encouraging increase of its business
and a commendable curtailment of its expen
ditures. As these documents furnish all the data
for the formation of a correct opinion aa to what.
should be the future policy of the Road, so fur
as'rvlates to the regulation of its tariff ot Heights
I shall indulge in no speculations upon that
subject; but leave it. in all its hearings, to the
wisdom of the Legislature It Is one of great
moment, ami oan only be correctly settled by
facts, its connexion with other roads, and the
light of experience
work. The road U the peoples' property, con
structed for their common benefit, and there
fore it is peculiarly appropriate for you, ns their
representatives, to prescribe the line of policy
to be punned.
be obtained without tho payment of ruiu-
ous prices.
Tho question then arises, wlint is tho re
medy f Remove it into another region of
the State. Construct it upon a plan sufll-
Rut viewed in another light, the building of
the Western A Atlantio Rail Road by the State
does furnish a sound reason why other sections
may ask,with propriety,her fostering aid.inthe
form of a loan of her credit. That work cost
not less than $5,000,000. The region through
which it runs was then very sparsely populated
and consequently contributed a comparatively
small portion of the expense of its construction.
Middle and Southern Georgia bore the tax;
tbev bore it generously and patriotically. It
is therefore, not arrogant nor unreasonable to
ask, in return, suoh aid from the Stato, os will
develops other sections and bring them within
reach of advantageous markets. The request
would come with the force of nn appeal to the
maganimity of those,who are the speoinl ben*
efioiariri of this large State'beneficenca.to prac
tice the spirit of enlightened reciprocation.
There are those,whose patriotism and intel
ligence are entitled to great respect, who
earnestly advocate the polioy of the State
aiding works of internal improvement, by is
suing her Ronds fora sufficient amount, per
mile, to purchase the mils, to nil Rail Road
companies which shall have completed the gra
ding, Ac., of their respective Ronds,and made
them ready for laying the superstructure. Rut
I regard it wild and hazardous, and the adop
tion of such a measure, as the worst oalninity
that could be inflicted upon the State. If their
could possibly be any necessities which would
justify it, they certainly do not exist in Geor-
gia.—Rail road enterprise, with us, does not
ne*d stimulation, but rather wholesome and
, udicious direction. Such a system ns that
lowever, would multiply those works—or at
tempts to construct them-indeflnitely; and the
sequel would be a crushing Stnte debt,impair
ed State credit,ruinous depreciation of State
Sticks and genernl paralysis,in nil the depart
ments of business and labor. States, like in
dividuals.will retard their progress, if they en
deavor to advanoe too rapidly. A system of
internal improvement* should be rather a
S owth, developed and gradually matured by
o action of the laws of sooinl and commer
cial progress,than the nrtifleal result of restless
impatient,and ill guided, but will meant legis
lation. Let us shun both Sylla and Gharibdis
nnd move cautiously through the strait between
tho two extremes.
Nor I, <t »N’mi7 to dlrcur, Ih. rorloo. ; „ to moot - ,ill tlwoondltloM
& sa ti'tV s ° r* iu T*rr “ s to
or In whole, so as to sever its ownership from classify tho coin lots, acoouling to the mo
ths State, or to give its control to private In- ral character of their offences, and to sc-
dividuals. Others urge that it should be leaded cu re absolute prohibition of all social inter—
for a term of years These propositions were course among them. Locate it at a point
discussed by my immediate predecessor, and where material of all kinds can be proeur
by tho Inst Legislature. They have, also, in the • • » • - -
mean time engaged the popular mind to a con
siderable extent, and you are doubtless prepa
red to represent correotly, by yonr action, tbe
ed cheaply, and build it of sfoue uud iron.
Now is a most favorable time to apply this
indispensable remedy. Tbe piesent wal
... • . .«■ ky yonr action, tne buildings are all dilapidated and tottering, and
publicentim.nt. Ann h.rnoj. pro P o«dI It,to lh hour , , h „ d , T ; urll ,g
pl«r its tnM.Bem.nt In the h.nti, of . bonrj Som , lhlnR ' mu ,t be done, .ml dnnJ
ootanused of three tominiee.oner., to be oht.een „„„ Th „ , „„ |„ 0 „ p „ Me „ r
bj the people I rel.r to the,, proportion, to Iuoh wll | „ Ild „ them .nimbi, foe
demonstrate rrhat I b.ller.lnbe Indirpeninbl. d„ ir ,d. Th. shol. conoern tiM
to meet he e.pectnt on, of tbe people of the b , ,p in „ n j lh , i 01tl
whole Slaw, and that a the nece„it, or remnv. it whal it hl , 0 b „.
making it independent of party influences.—
However widely different these various posit!-
tions are, they afford conclusive evidence of the
restlessness of the popular mind on the subject
The sentiment is all pervading,and is manifest
ed in a thousand forme, that this is expected
and demanded ot your bands. How it shall be
done is the question for your wisdom. I have
no hesitation in expressing the firm belief that
it were better to adopt any one of these propo-
evil You enn locate it, at n point, at which,
benvy operations in iron nnd stone, may fur
nish employment for the convicts,and thus dis
pense with the common branches of tho me'
chunio arts. On this score the present system
is most detrimental. So far from retarding, the
Stule should so shape her policy, as to encour..
age industrious nnd honest men to engage in
them. Hut what is the effect of the present
Penitentiary system ? It degrades them, by
.... ... . • • j turning loose nnnunlly a corps of graduated
Si!?“.? an P0rmit ,‘ he '° Rd t0 l ' e . mBDM K ei1 , villeins, half skilled and too depraved, in most
under the present mode of Its organization.- , in9lance# , 0 perform according to their abilr
• h. a..!?, 0f .' h 9 va r CRpUnl r f ? ng * ub J^i e, f 0 ty, who will work at reduced prices, and thus
ucluatiiiiij of party politics confided to mee ( t |,e honert inechmio with ruinous com*
agents, who, ns a general rule, will be changed | p« t nioa. In arranging a system of Penitent!-
‘r obe,lienCB t0 th® ut terances ^ ry | u hour, this reform should not be disregard
of the ba lot box, Is preposterous and ridiculous | e /. but aituate d ns the institution now i*rit is
tn the extreme. It is only llnilroad men whe impracticable
und.r.l.tid tbe eottdttet of the,e e re.t «t>ik, - | !„ (Ubul | U |™ this ,ubje« to pour con.ider-
1 olttict.n,, vho ,,plre to Bubern.torlol hi,non . „, u „ j„ ur is i lt „ ote d th „
know but little, tf .ny thinp, about it. Ilow ab- tion , th] , ,,„j e , mlalDBd |„ the Report
surd, tberefore, to place tbe Enotltln at the : „ f lb . .. Ki „„ nc ,, Committee no th, stole of tha
baad of tha rood-inexp.tlanced, uud therefore . Tr0 „,„ rv io , v „„ a tba report of tbe Hrinci.
disqualified—and expect him to manage it with | . mt i( ee .,^ r
skill and eucceas ’ Ilow unjust to Itim-how ittrunu.tL turnovituituTS-itTATl Att>.
hazardous Ip the Inters,t or tbe peopla, to .all- , j, „„ |, J0k t0 lbl , geographical position of
' the State, it is not singalar, that sho has tak
die him with so heavy a responsibility. With
out disparagement to predecessors, it is believ
ed, that tbe road fms never been better man
aged than it has been during the lust two yeurs.
Eoonouiy and punctuality ,in every department
have been enforced—not a dollar lost by defal-
en the lead ot tier .Southern sisters, in works of
Internal Improvement, She occupies the gup
between the Southern spur of the Alleghany
mountains and the Atlantic, nnd is, therefore,
. ... , , •. . i tbe portal through which the travel and pro
bation not a dollar recovered in litigation for i j U( ,| 8 0 f (|, e great vallies of the West must find
damages which accrued within that period—but
few and slight disasters from running off or col
lisions of trains—and yet tbe dissatisfaction
and complaint in certain quarters,nre deep and
loud. Alt, all demonstrating that the policy of
severing it from Executive control,is absolutely
Imperative. I r»-*i>«oifully urge the Legialature
to do If
Under the resolution of tho last Legiela-
tuiv, for that purpose, I appointed the Hon
.... . John D. Stoll a Commissioner, "to proceed
I shall not enter Into a discussion of the to the State of Tennessee, to procure the
l;rinciple upon which the tax should bo lovlod, .... ....
1 - ..I ,<al„pAin ia 11,m nnlv piirpunt tirim-inln
_e ad valorem, is the only correct principle.
I'., uiiy now, I trust, be considered ns tbe fixed
. :y of Georgia; for it has vindicated itself
Itr experiment, and the pnblic mind is satis-
Ot its wisdom. Tho existing system may
l:-'J amendment, in ita details, but you should
lilcere to the principle on which it is based.
I PUBLIC DEBT AND CREDIT.
I }j tho 2uth of October last, tho Publio Debt,
I: .uling tho 6 per cent, bonds issued for tho
l.ua.ent of claims against the State, on ao-
pant of the Darien Rank, was $2,614,222 22.
It -. 't thu action of the last Legislature, tho
l.tiirs! Lank 7 porcont. bonds are consider-
J'.ji s pm of tha Public Debt, and conse-
l-.-'itly tho balance outstanding, amounting
n 1225,000, ore ombrncod in this estimate. I
v-r you to the report of tho Treasurer, and
accompanying "Report of the Finance
-tuttee on tbe atato of the Treasury, Ao.,’’
••dmlnr eUtaraents of the amount of the
'-li which constitute tho State Debt, their
»•« if interest, when and where payable, and
: -;ijinenU made during tho two past fin
ite ii years.
J Lh* credit of tho Stato is now good—a
|f. :e of congratulation to ovory Georgian.
" ‘ arid not only be preserved, but every
s- a-loptod to increase and strengthen it. It
Im.urkable, that tha Bonds of Georgia coin-
"it-l a leas price than the bonds of othor
■*'ti that owe a much larger debt. This is
:t which should arrest tho attontion of tlio
Odiure. I apprehend that, upon cxaml-
,r >, the reason will ba found to bo, that
I ’ bonds are mainly payablo in Augusta,
'•r.nah and at the Treasury. This is true
the issues, except those of July tho 1st,
and these amount to but $525,000, pny-
; in Now York. They wero negotiated in
_ ’ York, for a premium of five per cent,
ll!o the issues, undor tho act of December
| 185i, tho intorost of which is payable
f'-i annually in Havannab, were negotiated
I ‘-itn-rage premium of but two per cont.—
■j furnishes a striking illustration of tho
: ; yitago of making our Stato bonds pay ablo
M«»York. This is the groat commercial
ip-riamoftbe Union, and thither eapital
1 *•. from all points,# seek investment.—
ns a means of appreciating tho credit
5*State, I recommend tho Lugislaturo to
• rite tbo calling in ot all tho State Ronds,
ilng the Central Iiauk 7 per conts, not
ia New York, ami tbo issuing of others
'•«ir stead, of similar tenor, dates and
- nit* respectively, payablo at that point,
' I also impart greater simplicity and uni-
*}'■! to the operations of tho Treasury.
I.-Mri ai-t of the last Legislature, approved
1 ' 7<l». 1854, I was directed to issue State
J 'd»,in lieu of the outstanding bonds of the
I j ,r *l bank. It waa impossible to effect tho
I'-'Ctruunt contemplated by a literal ex-
l '?*of Ronds. Tbo interest on tho tbo
* limited to 0, wheroas tho old Cen-
b»nk Ronds sought to bo called in, bore
*' rent. Of course, tin: holders would not
■‘•the former, In lieu of tho latter.
<t act alao required tho i**uo of now
•1\ in lieu of cortain other Ronds of this
*• |,rimed on inferior paper, mutilated
r ‘f innunvonient nmount-. 'J'ho holders
1 Lund*, with ono exception, have not
f *1 f‘>r the benefit of tho net; nnd llioro-
' -t wus not deemed expedient to incur tho
•"-»» >.f a now engraving. IJy adopting tho
7 above recoinmondod, both object* of
"'-it, will Lo acoumplishcd, aud contribute
the publio good, since It will form a
k> , -'the plan for simplifying tha Suta debt
'.‘VHeciating its credit.
, the act of 24th Deeomher, 1845, “to
I,.*' 1 the Western A Atlantio Rail Road,
;jr«ivide meant therefor,” 6 per oent.
'»re issued to the amount of $125,500
It.’by th c Governor and oountersign-
then Chief Engineer, and payablo
“iT* ^ u ' r '* ut0, T bo 7 *»®re issued on tho
It*.', ' ,c *u»ber and July, 1846, and conse-
n,duo tho 1st of Deoember and
1 ( ' ' , 5. In anticipation of their maturity,
bf the iionds havo boon paid, loav«
•C - 01 00 unpaid. Tho Act
^ Ntogi Vei to the holders of these Ronds
-j, *' /,ni lien upon the llnad and Its nett
tf. !° r ,b °* r redemption. Honoo, tho
I’ 1 ' °f ,ba Road must bo appro-
0 *he satisfaction of those liabilities ;
‘ 1 no doubt, but they will bo amply
'•’i. * tafot them all before or at inn-
* ,,#r that, they may bo used In any
l J* begiaiaturo may dirn'I. Tbere-
" ‘"ti'itiiit necessary far tbe adniinis-
• , ‘ove r,, iu"iit, bo auihori»o<i »•»
'7 'leAatiuu, us recommended in
their transit to the "highway of nations.' 1
Such a position fixes upon her a heavy, but
glorious responsibility, involving a mission for
the future, worthy tho most comprehensive
grasp of enlightened statesmanship. Oil the
other bund, her varied and inexhuualable min
eral end agiicultural resources afford a perpet
ual etiinmus and prompt to constant efforts to
secure the moans of their develnpeinent. These
considerations oronte a twofold obligation upon
tbe Legislature ; the one, to adjacent Slates—
the other, to her own vest internal iuterests.
Ilence, to comprehend fully their legitimate
scope of action, tbe Legislature should assume
a lofty stand-point from which they can sur-
tlie whole field. Holding in her hand the
vcy t
repeal of the law ut tlmt State, which sub
jects the Western ami Atlantic Railroad to
suits in her Courts, ami to fix upon such __
terms of negotiation ami reciprocity as shall key wbieb opens the Atlantic to the West, the
be acceptable to both States.” As tho re- State should so use her power, ns to force, by
suit of hiR mission, I herewith submit tho * compulsion mutually advantageous, the trav-
MeiMifO uf tin* Guvurnor t.f Teltncsacd, nnd -'“nd produo. whloh „ek th. zhip, to beoouto
the action of the Legislature mjmth. eu»,
ject. «u will perceive that they, by ro- 0 , policy 7 she shoU ld likewise, as the
solution, authorized him to "appoint a p ro *injnte motive of action, keep in view the
Commissioner learned iu tho law, whose dev*lopement of her nnturul resources, nnd the
duty it shall be to confer with tho Comtnis- advancement of the people, in ull the elements
sioner appointed by the Governor of Geor- ] of the highest and best civilization. Hence,
pi« either here (in Nashville) or in the . the paramount neoe*sity of well defined nnd
State of Georgia, upon the subject of tho well regulated system, in our scheme of Inter*
intercourse by railroad between tho two [ n ." 1 Improvements.
States, with instructions to report to the i
General Assembly of this Stato (Tennessee)
all tho legislative action that hasbeon had
by tho two States in reference to this mat
ter, and also what further legislation, if
any, is necessury to preserve the rights of
the citizens of Tennessee, ami to maintain
our friendly relations." After Mr. Stell re
turned, lie surrendered his commission,and
1 appointed William K. DuGrttffenried, Esq,
in Ins stead, to complete the negotiation.—
Tho Governor of Tennessee appointed Jas.
A. Whitesides, Esq., under the resolution
above quoted. Tlu-se two gentlemen have
had a meeting, but finding that the ques
tion of the jurisdiction of tho Courts of
Tennessee over tho Western and - Atlantic
Railroad was made in the McClung case
then pending before her highest judicial
tribunal, they considered it most prudent
nnd respectful to await the decision, before
proceeding with the negotiation ; for the
Court might determine the question in our
favor; ami thus end all trouble on this score.
But our hopes of so gratifying a result hero
failed. I understand the Court lms decided
against us. Hence, if no satisfactory ad
justment between the two States can bo
effected by negotiation, it will devolve up
on you to’dotcrinine thecourso to bo adop
ted. A lease or sale of that portion ot tho
Road which is within tho limits of Tennes
see, would scorn to suggest itself os the most
natural remedy.
PENITENTIARY.
I refer you to the report of the Principal
Keeper Tor the operations of the Penitenti
ary. The following statement exhibits ita
present financial condition.
RESOURCES AND LIABILITIES ON OCT.lat, '55.
Kaourcet.
To Notes and Accounts $i3,278 t3
which nro cou.lderwl bad
doubtful 2,702 27-$20,573 76
Arul the LiahUUie.i art:
Due Ofll ef- and Guard $ 7.600 87
" Individuals Inepw'r’s Dept. 8,4*4 !li
“ “ Book K«nj|*rs " 604 05—16,670 10
BANKS—ATLANTA—CENTRAL—DARIEN.
The various Ranks of the State have prompt,
ly mude their reports from time to lime, under
ixeoutive proclamations, issued in obedience
to the law regulating thut subject. By thu ex
hibits made, those institutions soeui to be
sound and healthy. Still, the Legislature can
not be loo vigilant, In their examinations, nor
too stringent, in restraining them within tbe
limits of their respective charters. New char
ters should be grunted with oaution, and only
at points, where the interests of trade require
an increase of Ranking capital and fnoilities.
Created in reference to such demand, they are
E ubllo conveniences; otherwise, they are more
rokernges and shaving shops, and being com'
polled to realize their profits by other tueaua
than the appropriate business of Bankiug.
they become engines of ruthless oppression mid
lawless usury—grinding the faces ofthe neces
sitous and wagiog a guerrilla warfare upon the
safer and hqtter institutions of the State.—
The prnotlce seems to have obtnined, of late,
with some Banks, of sending tbetr issues to
distant States, not seeking nor desiring a home
circulation. As yet, it is not known,
material injury has resulted, but that it is vio
lative of the correct prlncipio of Bunking, is
not to be douoted. It is equully certain, that
their ultimate failure will bring reproach nnd
dishonor upon the Stnte. Hence, it would ho
well for the Legislature to investigate tho ex-
tent,churacter und policy of these distant operui
tions, Arc they not hazardous to the flnauelul
welfare of the State ? Arc they not inconsist
ent with correct Banking principles ? Are
they not against tho reason and spirit which
protnptod tho Legislature to charter them?
Is it nut bad policy, fur tho General Assem
bly of Georgia, virtually to establish Ranks
for other States, although nominally located
within our limits ? These uro grave questions.
I atn nut prepured to say what ought to be
tho effect, if investigation should furnish nn
nffiriuativo answer to them. Thnt it would
disclose a fearful evil is certain ; hut wheth
er it is within tho reach of legislntivo reme
dy, consistent with chartered franchises, can
only bo determined by tho facts developed,
If such disclosures should amount to u fraud
upon tho intention of tho Legislature, in
granting tho charters, or show n misuser of
tho charters, by their perversion to purposos,
not contemplated by their croation, tho reme
dy is pluin. The wbolo subject is respectful
ly submited, and if nothiug moro valuable
result from its discussion, it will, at least, in
culcate the salutary lesson, thnt lieruul'tos
they shall be grunted upon suoh terms and
restrictions as will provent tho evil.
In ootnpliunco with a resolution of tho last
Legislature, I appointed L. E. Bleckly, Esq.,
Solicitor General of the Coweta Circuit,to en
quire into and report,the circumstances nttendi
ing the organization of the Atlanta Bunk, and
also its mode nnd places of transacting busi*
ness. He performed the duty with ability and
neatness. It was a laborious sorvice.not neces
sarily appertaining to his ofine, nnd tberefore,
it U but justice, that the Legislature should
make an appropriation for his liberal compen
sation. In examining the Report, I did not
deem the irregularities, in the organization of
the Rank, or the place and mode of its trnns-
Botions.to be of such a character as to work a
forfeiture of charter,and therefore, I have not
caused a judir-inl proceeding to be instituted for
that purpose. It is.however, herewith submitt
ed,that you may take such action in the prem
ises, as you may deem proper and expe
dient.
In obedience to Exocutivo order, to turn
over tho ussets, of every description, of tho
Contrnl Rank, cithor in his hands or those of
Attorneys or Agents to two or moro suitublo
Attorneys or Agents, tbe Treasurer, on tho
15th of July, 1854, entrusted tho sumo to
William L. Mitchell, Esq., and James N.
Bcthuno, Esq., wi*h full powur to collect,
compromise or disposo of, upon an agree
ment, tlmt they should retain ono hulf ot tho
amounts realised, as compensation fur their
services. Those assets were in great confu
sion, consisting of Notes, Rills of Exchange,
roturnodas insolvent, Attorney’s receipts and
11 fus, endorsed "Nulla bona," scattered over
tho ontiro oxtont of tho State. Tho aggro-
gato amount was $312,650 63. As yet, but
littlo bus been collected, und it is quite cer
tain, that tho ultimato loss on this scoro,must
bo very lurgo. Tho indebtedness of tho Rank,
exclusive of her outstanding Ronds, is about
$36,140 00. It is hoped, that sufficient may
lo roalizod from these ussots, to pay this
liability, but tho hopo is not founded upon
such data as to make it confident. From tho
known energy of tho gontlomcn entrusted
thoy may go to remove tho oonsuro which tbe
publio mind, undor othor circuinstanoos
would visit upon tho delinquent, It d- es not
weaken tho ronson for requiring tho work to
bo dolo hereafter at tho Seat of Government.
There is still unothor and unansworablo
nrguaont in support of such requisition.—
The 9th sootion of tho net roforred to, very
proporly, requires tho Compiler, to read tbo
proof ol tha Laws and carefully comparo
them with tho enrolled Acts. Those nots
cannot bo reniovod, with propriety, from file
in tho office of Hocrotary of Stnte. Hence,
tbo exceodlng Inconvonionce, almost imprac
ticability, of thus reading ntul comparing tho
proofs. I thereforo, earnestly recommend,
that, who over may bo tlio Public Printer or
whomsoever rorideut, ho sbAll bo required by
law, and tho terms of his Roud, to execute
tho work in tho city of Millcdgovillo. It will
secure dispatch, accuracy nnd fidelity.
A large nmountof the expense of this branch
of the publio service tony be saved,without de
triment. The Inw requires tho publication of
4000 copies of the Journals uf each House ;
whereas, 2000 copies of eaob would be a most
atnplejeupply. It is well known,that the Jour
nals,in most cases,are deposited with the Clerks
of the Courts of tbe several oounties and are
plied awny unappropriated to mould or rot or
waste. It also requires 5000 copies of the Laws
whereas 2500 would be sufficient. Why con
linue the useless expense ot so many copies of
the Laws and Journal? Under this head,there
may be a still further reduction of the expense
by printing the Jonrnuls in smaller type. By
the change, in these two respects, several thorn
sand dollars may be snved to the Trensury,
without any detriment to the public interest.’ I
therefore recommend the publication of 2000
instead of 4000 copies of each ot the Journals
and 2500, instead of 5000 copies uf the Laws,
tbe Journals in Long Primer, instead of Small
Pioa type. The marginal notes to the Laws
are almost useless ; they may aa well he dis
pensed with,und thus save another very consul'
eruble item of expense.
A still greater saving may be effected by
letting the public Printing to the lowest bid
der, under sealed proposals, to be opened and
the oontract awarded, on a specified duy, by
the Executive. I therefore recommend the
adoption of this plan of selecting the Publio
Printer. Fidelity and despatch uny he se
cured by responsible Bondsmen nnd tbe con
tinuance of the powers of the Executive over
the subject with which he is clothed by tbe
existing laws.
Mr. Chapman reocived on account of print
ing the Laws aud Journals tho following sums,
to'wit:
As un advance by legislative
authority
Under Executive Wurrant...
Freight ou Journals properly
cbargable to him,
Paid J. M. Cooper A Co., to
lift lien for biuding Laws,
$6,000 00
$11,000 00
100 00
1,137 00
Amounting in the aggregate to. .$18,237 00
For the work performed by him, according
to nn cstiinato made by Guo. ltinglund and
Wen. Barnes, prucllcnl printers, at tho ro-
quost uf tho Executivo, bo wus entitled to
receive $13,749 80, showing un over pay
ment of $4,487 20. Tbo oslimato is bused
that I u P° n what ho would havo been entitled to.
leola and moralise the hearts of the masses.
Thu importance of this subject is paramount,
and should bring into requisition all the wis
dom of the Legislature ; whilst the thousand
of poor children within the State, too indigent
to provide for themselves tbo blessings uf edu
cation, but who mutt have it,ns un indispensi-
ble qualification for good citizenship, should
awaken an enlarged and benevolent liberality.
Tbo returns for 1864 show that 42,407 belongs
to this class, who are entitled to participate in
the pittauce of $23,388 provided lor their bene,
fit.
The considerations whloh should prompt to
efficient notion are appnrentto every reflecting
mind. They are such as challenge tho atten
tion of the highest statesmnnshih. We see
them not.only in the necessity of education to
tho perpetuity of popular liberty, but in the
thousand social blessings which it oonfers. It
promotes publio pencejgives security to proper
ty, diminishes crime, lightens the expense of
administering the laws, stimulates enterprise,
directs industry, and capital, and hastens tbe
march of civilisation. The difficulty is, not to
determine what ought to be done, but how it
shall be done.
The subject beoomes more and more embar<
easing, eaeh successive year, because the In
crease of poor children, renders the amount of
money adequate to the emergency, more diffi
cult to be raised. Ilence, if the Legislature
ever Intend to come up fully and fairly to the
high mark of enlightened duty, it would seem,
that tha lime tins arrived, when they should
iultiuto n system, capshlo of gradanl expansion
and self sustenance. I shall venture no spe
cific recommendation. I prefer rather to sub
mit the great subject to your wisdom, animat
ed as it must be, by patriotic desire, to proiuoto
the happiness nnd prosperity of the Stnte. Rut
if I could command the power to awaken the
proper spirit and excite the proper liberality,
I would make tho app*al with an urgency
which should be overwhelming, that the Gen
eral Assembly will not rise, until it shall have
redeemed tbe high obligations of the present,
to future generations. Georgia is in advauce,
in material prosperity and improvement; she
Is in the rear, on the subject of common school
education. The ship, driven before the wind,
mny sail rapidly, (or a lime, without a helms
man, hut she will be wrecked ut last. Educa
tion is to Stnte progress, whnt the helmsman
is to the ship; the more rapid her career, with
out it, the sooner she will he stranded.
In this connection, tbo Stato University is
earnestly commended to your fostering cure-
Dy reference to the act of 1785, "for tho moro
full and complete establishment of a public
seat of learning in this Rtuto," it is quite evi
dent, that eur forefathers designed to eroct a
University uf the highest charucter. It is
apparent, from the preamble to tho bill and
from tho-very liberal endowment for which
they provided. In view of tho paramount im
portance which they attached to liberal cdq.
cation, as n means of sustaining and perpe
tuating free government, they felt that it was
a humiliating acknowledgment of tho ignor
ance or inferiority of our own Stato, to send
our youth abroad toothers, fur its acquisition.
II this were true in 1785; tho policy which,
they then deplored, is still more to bo de
precated now, when, by sending them to other
St itcs, they uro surrounded by prejudices nnd
influences against our domestic institutions,
calculated to giro an unwholcsomo direction
to tlioir sentiments. Tho original design of
tho founders of our Stato University ought
therefore to bo completed nnd perfected. It
should bo 60 endowed, nud furnished with alt
tho facilities for tho prosecution of scientific
tho Executive office, for the use of tho now
and such old counties, as havo not been *uj>-
E Iloil undor tbo Act of the 23d of Decetn-
or, 1839. Upon proper Investigation, it
was ascertained, that it would requiro about
$3,500 00; and ns tho Legislature mado no
provision for tho paymont, tho act hns not
boon oarriud into oxooution. The ohjoot is
important and you should mako the requisite
appropriation.
JUDICIARY.
A case has been brought to my notice,by the
enlightened courtesy ol the Hun. W. R. Fleur
rning, Judge of the Eastern Circuit, which'
suggests tho proprlsty of Legislative remedy.
A man by the name of McCullough killed a
negro,the properly of Ilohert Habersham, Esq
at Fort Jackson.—That place being under the
exolusivo control of the United States,although
within tbe county of Chatham, he wns indict*,
ed before the Cirouit Court ofthe United States
and utiuder the oharge of Judge Nicoll.was ac
quitted, on the ground, that the Court had no
jurisdiction, He was subsequently indicted
in the Superior Conrt of Chathutn aud was no-
quitted upon the plea of former acquittal. The
negro was shot at Fort Jnokson, but dud be
yond it. lienee,the Cirouit Court hnd uo juris
diction. If be had been prosecuted in the first
instance in Chatham Superior Court, then, the
plea to the jurisdiction, sustained by the proof,
that the act was committed nt Fort Jaokson,
by requiring the reo. lver of Ux ietarns In tho
several counties, to mako a list of oU
citizens between the ages of 1$ and 4ft yoow-
This list could bo tabulated aoMBf tMlrrsi
puctive Regiments, Brigades and Divisions
undor tho direction of tba Governor. This
would onnblo the Commandor-in-Chief, in
obso of a oall for troops by tbo General Gov
ernment, if tbe number %«oro greater than
could bo raised by volunteervb to actualize tbo
draft among the several mill tarr divisions.
The State will, in a few yoa n be supplied by
a well educated, scientific en zl efficient o or Pj
of young men, to officer hor troops, should
necessity require, in thegradui ites of the Geor*
gia Military institute, capable to jtwbamtM
duties of nny post, in any dep trtmeot of mills
tnry servloe. Two daises, one of six end tba
other of fifteen membors, have • already been
graduated ; their scientific skill end military
knowledge can readily be made • available and
the volunteer organization of th 0 Slate placed
upon a permanent footing.
There are in the Arsenal, at t
pieot'8 of siege and field ArtUIe tj. DWt of
them have been condemned aa ns stem. Tbsy .
should be sold. The small arms, lo both oar
Arsentis are of obsolete model. These also,
with tbe exception of the Tower tnaekete la
the Arsenal at Milledgpville, shot Ud be ex
changed for new and efficient weapoi is.
,, I commend to your fostering care tbe Qeor«
which heloiig.to th.United Sml.,,would h.v. igi.MIILlar, Inilltut.. It la dMtlmvi to Itiiv.
produced bis acquittal. Hence the Legislature p|y a great and important desideratum—mill*
. cauittal.
should provide,that.in such acnse.the prosecu
tion may be had, and tho offender tried in the
county, in wbioh the death tnkes place.
Tho ohjoot of punishment is to prevent
crime. To bo effectual, it must bo sufficient
ly sovero, to operate as n terror to ovil
ply a great a
tnry education and the nurture of m proper
military spirit. Having enjoyed pesos so long,
we permit both to ba neglected. The ebarao-
ter of our oivil institutions and tbe pursuits of
our people are not calculated to stimulate the
arts of war. It is well to be so; bat we ought
doors, and sufficiently cortain, to cut off tho to profit by the Jesson ef history, tbit no peo«
bopo of impunity. If it bo too mild, tho ploever preserved their freedom who were not
offender will rather enduro it, than forogo ] both willing and prepared to fight for it.
iho gratification of his vioious passions and , ,.A L cl ?!! l, . IOIIB !i u,n !:
unlawful I osiffna If moro than common.' I transmit tho thtrd Annual Report of the OeOT-
,„r..c with “he' turpitude of ,b. crime, I.,
shocks tho sonsoof public justice, nnd con- financial operations. The sightless objects of It*
soquontfyt tho transgroesur escapes. These 1 cure are entitled to the sympathy end aid of every
remarks aro suggested by tho act of the last patriot and philanthropist .The successions of
posing 1 oniteutiiry punishment on Fara l!0 i 0rH> ar „ *n unenjoyed, unappreciated by the
dealing, ami gaming of that character. Iho blind. To them, earthly existence is one long, dark,
ovil intended to bo prevented is great, but 1 monotonous night, without e glimmering star to
the law fell, to.nsncr the purpoio. Thoro rell.rc It. «lo .m. LM th. Iwgt.l.tur.i uke th.m
h,,,not been . .In,., c.n.ic,ton under it- , J^***^*™**^
The offcnco B oc, entirely unpun sbod-OTcn ozonou ,iric» Ton znz >ur .funoMB.
uiiprosccutud. It ubouuda in all our cities The Ueorgla Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb pre-
anil at our fa&hionablo watering plnccs. It seats -Imllar claims upon your (kvorable tontid-
is bold; it scarcely seoks to conceal Itself • ■»*•««. ennoal Hgoit. heiewIthjMiia-
according to the rates of compensation fixed
by law prior to tho act. of 10th February,
1854. He should havo been held down to
tho«o rates, on account of his failuro to per
forin tho work neuordiug to contract, a faith-
... . .**, . . .II Ut— . l UU lllllltlUUB IVI mo |IIUI<UVUIIUII Ol Ol-icnillll
lul coinpllunoe with which nnly, entitled h.m r0!eurc . bi e0 „ b r„ tho dcyolooz ,.f team
to tho increased compensation provided fur
by that net. If, however, ho should bo con
sidered as deserving, undor tbo circumstances,
tho rates of compensation provided for by
that act, ho would then bo entitled to rocoivo
for tho work done by him the sum of #16,-
172 05, which deducted from the $13,237 00,
which ho actually recoivod, shows uu ovor
payment still, of $2,005 00. For ono or tho
othor of these amounts of over pnyuiont, ac
cording ns tne Legislature shall hold him to
ing, to roach tho highest attainments. Sever
al other professorships should be created, uud
ampin appropriations made for such compen
sation as will cominund tho Highest talent to
Dll then.
By the liberality of the late Dr. William
Terrell, an Agricultural chair has been estah*
lished nnd $20,000 donated, the interest of
which is to be applied to the support of its
I'rofessor, in the Stnte University. But this
inadequate. To render the department effi
bold; it scarcely seoks to conceal Itself ur *v°°' , *. .— .
f,o,„ public g»,e. Why i. thi. t It l. he- , ^tt"l2VulhSa^ , -S.'S£a5
esusotho ponalty is too severe. Publio opin.. . accommodations,In the way of bulldlug*. Thw
ion does not demand that it shall be visited < Report represents that about $8,000 will be sufll-
with Penitentiary imprisonment. Ilence, I eient for tbe purpose, ami ask- the Legislature for .
tho Inw i,-o«« unexecuted, end Inste.d of I ««• zpprnpri.llnu. It would bo wall, tbet pro-
* . b j, u . i ...M j. I vision should be mode for tbe employment of an
preventing, it has increased tho otil it do* 1 age nt, to devote bis whole time, in seeking out
signed to suppress. I thcroforo rccommeud r au d bringing to tbe Inatltut on the unfortunate
its repeal, or such modification as will ad- “ objects whom it is desigued to benefit. Tbe sam*
just tlio penalty to tho nature of tho offence, f? Individual might al-o be the agent of the Academy
The low orgnuizing th. Supreme Court for ' •» >»,? JMnd, .udtliu. perform the .erric. for both
„,r , u., I establishments. This arrangement would be, at
the Correction of Lrrors, requires that tribu- 0 nce, eeonomlosl and useful, and bring both thw
iiul to hold its sessions ut nine different points J un u j an j u,e Mute within the genial sphere of an
in the Slate, to-wit: Columbus, Aiuerious,. education adoptea to their respective conditions.
Macon, Decatur, Milledgeville, Augu^a,) LUNATIC AlTim.
Gainesville, Cassville, und tsnvunn&b, and to | The Lunatio Asylum although fur ftom compU-
deliver their opinions upon eneb case, dur- tion, both os to the necessary building* end the full
in*' the respective Terms. This imposes so consummation ot the object of its establishment, 1*
much travel upun the Juilg.l, and suoh h„te , J-t lufflcltuilv .dv.ncwt tobecom. . head «nd ,,l-
th. forum ton of opinion, .. hot only to , SSSXKStfKWSff SSSff- iK
make their labors almost intolerable, but de- t ,, t , s ,j ne j t 0 be an honor to the taste, liberality and
prives them of the time for deliberation and* philanthropy of Georgia. Uu-lertha Act. approved
patient research, so indispensable for tbe cor * February Hub, 1864,1 appointed Dr*. R D. Arnold,
reot determination of important legal ques- * It chard Moore and Philip Minis, and Hines Holt
tions. This I, n RlurinR defect nod dirqunlilies *"d * *■ Ni.b.'. thqr.,, to inv.stlg.t. and d.t.r-
!h. Court from Log*., Ij., «2.State, tlTtffSSS^t&SSSS S l7o»
ns it mightund wouW be.^if itwjrs oured.— upo n the.re-lgnation ot Dr. Minis snd Col. nolt.
the rates of compensation of the old or the c i en t and useful, the Legislature should, not
now law. his securities are rospnnsihlo to the only increase the sum to the extent of un
State. Under this view of the subject, it is ample endowment, but also made n suitable
respectfully submitted to the General As- appropriation for fitting it up with auiplo
seinbly to determine whether, under tho cir- means of instruction, illustration and expert-
cumstanccs, thoy will diruot suit to bo brought inenL Tbo appeal, upon this score, will not
upon tlio Rond ofthe Stnte Printer. | he in vain. It is the first movement, in Geor-
thl* kvvtop niivrimuEVT i R 1 ' 1 - in favor of Airriculturnl education, hith-
mi 7l \x ® “r ,i i V *i,A r,r 1 ertomore neglected, although moro Important,
Tho quo,lion of th. ro ,„.vu of tho Sent of lb „ n ol h.r branch. The l>rofv„or mny
f ovormnent tin, been agitated, from t me to r „ du0 . annually hi, course of Lectures, nod
time, for many years, ll.e last Legi.ln ure. ^ | bt hil 0 |„„' (kb , b , tbc „„ 0 f Agriculture,
irapreisod with tho importance of its tonal set- . „.,.i
It does not follow, that a
•hurter'for a rail road must be granted, ns a
matter of course, when asked. An enlighten
ed legislature, comprehending fully the system,
its design, and whnt is bast calculated lo ad
vance tbe general welfure, will inquiro wheth
er the dinner asked, is in harmony with that
system, whnt will be the hearings of its con*
nexions without the State, what its effect in
developing our resources, nnd what its relation
to other works under which large interests
have become, or nre likely to beoome, Involv
ed and vested 1 The system in Georgia, though
in its infancy, is yet sufficiently advanced to
indicate the ultimate shape which it is likely
to assume. On her eastern border she has three
points, which have formed and nre reeking to
form connexions with the various sections, in
ternal nnd external, whoso productions will
foster their growth and prosperity. These
points are Augusta, Savannah und Brunswick.
The two former are connected, by Roads com
pleted, with Tennessee nnd Alabama; nnd the
latter possessing a harbor, unsurpassed by any
nn the Atlnntio const, south of the Cbesapenke >ii>iim „„„ B
and flanked by an extensive territory, covered w i t h G, enjf all that can, will bo accomplish-
by the best pine field in the world, and of won- 1 ■ - • •
Resources over and nl»ovo LI-
alillltP s, collectable $ 6,80« 4u
To winch mill:
Menof tcture-1 articles, in Book
Keeper's Department. .. E.747 00
Material on band, U.K.'s Dept. 10,257 91-17.005 81
$23,808 2l
Hone*, it appear* to have boon managed
with quite an much ability ami aueeesa, a*
under firovioun aeininiatrationa. Still I feel
constrained to say, wlint it* wbolo history
confirms, thnt il Ima, to n great extent,
proved t‘» bo ft failure. A brief glance at
the causes will point, out the remedy. It
in the duly of tho Legislature to apply it
promptly.
Tho original design of the Institution
waa two-fold ; 1st, to substitute sufilricnt
punishment for crime, properly adjusted to
itH demerit- for tho gallows, in the higher,
nd the whipping post to the lower grades
of offences; and 2ndly, by connecting labor
with confinement to mnko it n self-hustiim-
ing system. Tim first object bits been ao far
neoomplinliod only, ns to dispense With
those engines of cruelty and barbarism.—
But the I’enitentiary has failed to answer
tbe great ends of punishment—reforming
tIq; criminal and deterring other- f """'
crime. Il never cun answer tlici
under ile piv cnl organization,
utter uujHM.>ihility ol pruveutiiig inter
from
pill JMIMCH
From the
derful agricultural fertility, seeks a connect ion
with the vast region that skirts the Gulf of
Mexico. In a word, these three cities form
the bnsis of our system, nnd the lines through
the State which connect, or propose to connect
them, with her own great divisions, within, and
exhnustless feeders, without, constitute its
framework or skeleton. Its symmetrical com
pletion should both define and limit the polioy
of Legislate e notion. It will he most speedily
accomplished by private cupiiul aided l>y the
loan of State credit- Such chnrters, and such
only, ns may bo required for necessary inter
mediate connections and facilities, should be
grunted, to fill out the system ; nnd these
should he constructed by unaided private cap
ital. But to complete the skeleton of the sys
tem, so as to extend an ariu Into each of the
grand geographical sections or divisions of the
8tate, she mny, with propriety and wisdom,
lend her credit, under securities and guaran
tees, which will place hor beyond the contin
gency of ultimate liability nnd loss. To that
extent thu Legislature may go; but to that ex
tent only should It go, nnd with well consider
ed caution nnd well guarded prudence.
The direct appropriation of money or suh-
■oription for Stock, by the Stwte, to aid in tha
mustruction uf rail roads, is considered to he
unwise and inexpedient. Its tendency is to
•inosculate private enterprise, by removing the
lecessity of self reliance. It will complicate
he .Stato with individual interests, which ex
perience teaches lo he dangerous to tlio publio
volfuro. It will increase tho Htate debt, nnd
onscquently create a necessity for burdensome
sxation.
The construction of the Western A Atlantio
".nil Rond, by tho Stato, is regarded, both ns
precedent und nn argument in favor of di-
sot appropriations, in aid of internnl improve-
lents- But it ceases to be forcible, in either
oint of view, when we consider tho ciroum-
tnces which prompted that mugnifloent pro-
•ot. At that time, there whs not a rail mud
' i Georgia. Private capital refused to ho thus
ivetted, because experiment had not shown
itber the practicability or profitableness of
icb works. Resides, the region which it pen*
rates, though abounding in agricultural and
• dneral fertility, is mountainous nnd difficult
f aooes*. Is was socially and plijsionliy sav
ed from the lower region of the tftnte and
Ivantsgeoua markets for the prodaots of its
dustry. On the one hand, rail road enter-
lie needed tbe stimulus of example ; nnd on
ib other, the North West wns incapable of
ivelopment by private capital. Hence, the
ate embarked in the enterprise ; eml if no
t her advantage shall ever he realized, the
i ihnnned value of the lands of Cherokee Geor-
. a amply remunerates the Htate for the out
ii vindicates th* farsighted wisdom of
ed. For accurate information, as to tho
amount, thus lar, collected, you nro respect
fully referred to tho Report of tho Treas
urer.
The Commission to settle the claims of the
creditors of the Darien Biyik upon the State,
under an net of the Inst Genernl Assembly, ap
proved, February 14th. 1854, performed the
duty useigned them. The lion. Eli II. Bax-
ter, not accepting, William L. Mitchell, Esq,
was nppointed in his stead. The Hon Walter
T. Colquitt and Richard II Clark E.-q., were
appointed ns Attorneys to represent the State
before the Commissioners. Early however, in
the progress of the investigations, the former
departed this life, whereby the labor nnd re
sponsibility were devolved upon the latter.—
It is hut a tribute of justice to bear testimony
to the signal ability and success, with which
he performed the duty aesioned him.
impressed with tho importance of its final
tloinout, referred it to tho legal voters of tho
Stato, nnd required them to endorse on their
tlokata ‘'removal" or "no removal," nod "if
to bis hmoTotl, wbero." The following is tho
ofltelsl vote on the Monday of Oot iher
last, according to tho official returns on file
in the Exoeutivo Department : No removal,
49,781, Removal to Atlanta, 29,337; to .Macon,
3,802; to Thotuusvillc, 1; to Havarinnli, 93; to
Marietta, 4; to Gordon, 1; to Fort Valloy, 1;
to Gritlin, 311, to Waynesborough, 1; to Rome,
4; to Madison, 5; to Stone Mountain, 4; to
Indian Springs, 2; to» Sundersvillo, 5; to
Rnrucsvillc, 1; to llootensville, 1; to Augusta,
1; to Clarksville, 1; to £t. Simon's Island, 1;
to Lumpkin, 1, removal to no placo designate
ed, 952; scattering, 14. Tho aggregate vote
upon tlio quostiun of romoval is 84,320, of
which 49,781 were for "no removal," und but
34,545 for removal to all other placos. lloncc,
it uppears, thut tho majority for "no removal"
ovor all others is 15,24,0. Tho Gubernatorial
vote, nt tho Into election, was about 104,250, I of adjacent owners,
showing that thero wero about 19,705 legal
voters who did not vote on tho question of
removal. Hence, if it, ho a fair construction,
a* it would soeui to ho, that their failure to
voto is expres.-ivo uf their oontoutmenl with
Milledgovillo ns tho Seut of Government, it is
evident, that tlio popular will is overwhelm-
ingly opposed to its removal.
If the Legislature should concur in this view,
then, it is duo to the publio ns well ns to tho
citizens of Milledgeville, thnt you should, at
one-;, by deoisivo action, put n quietus to the
further agitation of tbe question. Not tbe least
effectual mude of accomplishing this object,
will be to mnko necessary repairs nnd addi
tions to your public buildings. The State
House should be repaired nnd suitablv enlarg
ed. Tbe square should be graded, cleared of
the Arsenal. Magazine nnd the four Churches,
upon just compensation to the respective de
nominations, set with shade trees, and enclosed
by a substantial iron fence. The Executive
Mansion, also, should be thoroughly repaired
and refurnished, and tbo lot surrounded with
an iron enolosure
By the resolution of the last Session, I wns
" requested to furnish to each branch of the
Legislature, the amount of the original cost of
the public buildings at Milledgeville, exclusive
ofthe Penitentiury and Lunatic Asylum, and
what amount is necessary to so repair them as
to mnke them suitable lor the purposes for
which they were intended." This resolution
passed just at the close of the Session, and con
sequently, could not bp responded lo, before its
adjournment. I «in unable, even now, to give
a full reply. As far ns can be ascertained, the
public buildings, including State House, Exe
cutive Mansion, nnd out houses, the Arsenal
nnd Magnziuc, have cost, first nnd Inst, nbout
$300 000 00. I have engaged Messrs. Sholl k
Fay, professional Architects, to furnish infor
mation on the second branch of tho resolution.
They have already submitted to me a rough
sketch of the addition and improvements to
the State llousp which ar- necessary; und
they authorize mo to say, that thu whole cau
be completed for $125 to $150,000. They nre
now engaged In making the necessary drawings
nnd estimates ofthe expense ; and at nn enrly
diligence, industry and legal research, ho \ ""y ”will be ready'for transmission to
doubtless saved tho Stato ninny thousand dol- I L^jginture.
I.rs. The o«rurd of the Oemmiz,lonersi wee “ s , , House le entirely unprotected
appealed Iran to the Superior Court ot Bald I 1 lb , „f Bro . you zhould
win county, und thence, the question, ol Inw
wore carried, by Writ of Error, to tho Supreme
Court. The ultimate liability of tho .Slate,
including compensation to the Commissioners,
Counsel fees nud Court ousts, wns only $ 18.
600 00. By authority ofthe net under which * provident economy.
nuthoriso tho oonslructiou of a largo cistern
on cither side, nnd tho purohaso of a Fire
Engine. This precaution is highly important,
and, cost wlint it mny, it will bo wise and
the proceedings were had, this ninount was
paid, with the proceeds <>f Stnte Ronds, sold at
par, dated July 1st 1855, nnd payable ten
yeurs ufter date, lit the city ot Huvunnuh.
PUDLIC PIIINTINO.
Tlio publication and distribution of tbo Laws
and Journals, of tho lost Legislature wore not
uccomplishod until a year alter tho lime re
quired by tho law regulating tlio duty of tbo
ANNUAL SESSIONS.
I recommend u return to aunual Sessions
of tho General Assembly. Tho growing and
diversified interests of tho State require it.—
Tho people, in a popular government, should,
overy yonr, havo their minds specially direct
ed to tlio principles on which it is based and
should ho conducted, and by their represen
tatives, roviow its administration. . Nothing
Publio Printer. Tl»is* affords the sucoud, of | will so effectually enforce responsibility up
two successive iustuncos, showing tho abso- w n it* oUioors of evory grado, from tho high-
luto necessity of requiring this work to bepor-1 ost to tlio lowest' So far from bolng an evil.
lurinod at tho Seat of Government. Tlio act
of tho 10th of February, 1854, clothos tho
Executive with enlarged powor over the sub
ject, and undor proper circumstunces, it might
bo oxorcisod with uvuntago. llul thero wero
considerations connected with tlio doliiiquouoy
of the late l'ublia Printer which induced for
bearance. Undor that net, if tho delay, In tho
delivery of tho Laws nnd Journals, go beyond
six mouths, tlio Executive is authorised to
romovo him from the office and appoint a suc
cessor. Ero tlio expiration of tho six months
however, tlio Public Printer had tlio misfor
tune to lose, by fire, almost tho entire edition
of tho Houso Journal. Boon niter that, tho
oily of Suvannuh was visited by tho Yellow
annual olcctiona aro important; they inter
est tho inussos in tho piditics of their coun
try, nnd they heonuio enlightened by tlio dis-
cussioiisjtlioy provoke. Tho Executivo term
begins nud ends with tlio Legislative, and
consequently, both Governor and Legislature
ontcr upon their respoolivo dopaftmonts
without much knowledge of tlio duties thoy
require. Tho Legislature adjourns and
leaves the government in tho 'lands of tho
Exocutivo; his term expires nt the assem
bling of the next, and no opportunity is af
forded to roviow his conduct, until alter ho
has relirod from offico. Tho ronwdy for
this is a return to aunual Sossious. Rut tho
duration of tho Hesslou should bo limited by
y, nn<l vindicates toa mrstgl
i projectors. Tho justification of tho .Stale ri T
is l lie necessity ofthe case; lull where Iho | J,", *, * 1 . J. 0X0U,U * A 1,1
i
is the necessity of ll
i cessity does not exist, th# reason lor lh#
l riicy does uut obiaiu.
Fovur and ho full un early victim, loavihg tlio tfio Constitution,
woi k unfinished and the offico vuenut. Messrs. education.
Houghton, Nishot k Hornes of tho Federal Our political system is based upon tho maxim
(!n(pii press, were appointed to reproduce the ifint the people are capable of self govcrnnieii .
to number nf copies or the burnt Jour- This presupposes intelligence, to kii"w ii"i
.rk tsltli ipru.st j gqvoni.uiHl vir gi„.tli.ittnl.lliit.no. pro.
fidelity anti dlHpateli. il>>wc
lor tho delay in tills lusluuco, aud fiowovor lar
nf a s
but be must have the means of illustration nnd
experiment to unfold its relations to, und de
pendence upon, Mineralogy, Geology, Rntuny,
Chemistry, Nnturul History aud Aleah.-iiiios.
Agriculture is the most important, because it
is tbe foundation of, nil oth*» pursuits. It sup*
p.ies Commerce and Manufactures, in all their
various and multiplied departments, with
whutevor impart" to them activity, prosperity
and vitality. Hence the indispensihility of
its being directed nnd dignified by the light of
science and the devotion of educated mind.
AGItlCL'LTL'ni*. AND mining.
Tlio promotion of Agriculture and tlio de
velopment of our Mineral resources should
ougago the earnest attention of the Legisla
ture. In tbo older region of the .State; much
of tho lands have been exhausted by
tillugo, and planters aro turning attention to
the reclamation of swamps, by ditching nnd
embanking. Tho latter process, in many in
stances, is provonrod by tho fact, that em
bankments throw back wator ovor tho lands
When this is tho caso
tho apprehension of an injunction arrests the
cutcrpriso. I recommend tho pnssugo of a
law to authorise any person owning swamp
land, on ono sido of a stream or creek, to em
bank tho same, nlthough it should havo the
effect to increase tho wator ovor tho swamp
of the other side, owned by another. .Such
au act will greatly promote such enterprises
ami lead to tho reclamation of thousands of
acres of tho most productive lands, which
are, otherwise, valueless.
It is doubtless, the true cause of the dissatis
faction with the Court, which obtains in some
sections of the State, and threatens its aboli
tion. This would he a retrogado movement,
nnd the idea ia not to be tolerated for n mo
ment. Tho most enlightened Courts some
times err, even under circumstances most fav
orable for the investigation of truth. Or
their vacancy was filled by the appointment of R.
II. ltsmsay und Nuthan McQehee, Ksqra. The ne-
ce--nry buildings have been determined upon, put
uuil**r contract, und are in rapid piogmsof con-
htructiou. 1 refer you to the Report of this Board a
herewith trnn-mltte 1, for tbe details ot thsir pro
ceedings, the terms of the contracts for the build*
Ing-), the amount necessary to their completion.
Looking to the provlm of the fourth Bsciion lot
gunised nt is our Supreme Court, the wonder this Act, 1 first doubted whether it authorized the
i* that it does not err oftener, nnd instead of work to proceed if the estimates transcended $50-
this furnishing aground for dispensing with, Ooo.But being *st.sfied, a* It must appear to every
; , ' . ,v,«, intelligent man, that the In-titutlon could not be
it ought to present enlightened ram with the enlarj{tt j (0 „„ MtBllt ,, qua | to th(l nPC easUy of th#
strongest reason for remedy ing its Itnperteo c , lMJ n0 r in arahitecturd harmony with the nrigi-
lions. I tberefore reoominend, thnt the Con- nnl d-sign, nor In accordance with the character of
siitution be so altered as to confine its sessions the State, my construction of the proviso was, thnt
to one point In the State ; at.d as tho State is it intended to limit the expenditure'to $60,000, pri-
collecting a vnlunhle Law Library at the Cap- or to another Benton ot .he L gislature. It was th#
tint, it is th. proper point for it. p.tmr.n.nt lo. , 'i'Jn'HS.S .f' ,0rlly ?'
. TV,... .1 ,.tdA l<» lu.rinitiPil when 'hem being l’hvskinns, famlll-ir with the nccessl-
cation. They should also be permitted, Whin ^ ofguch lD „ t tu ;lonw, thut, If the Legislature In-
the Judges may desire, to hold up cases for tended t> limit the extent of tlie lmprov.meat#
lurther deliberation anti investigation. This within th# aggregate and final sum of $50,000, it
will correct the prominent defects in its or- wn* tot illy lundt-quate to furnish tbe necessary ad-
canizution nud render it inure efficient. . •'■itionnl accommodations, llenoe, It seemed to b#
retail I i cense ’ th# reasonable iutenllon of the Act, to initiate such
r, nninTiii >hn .Jtipin. iml ehrlutlnnlo Improvements and additions to the Asylum build-
It is painful to ing., as would enable the Institution th fulfill th#
witnepg the ravages ot intemperance. Like e nd of Its establishment, to appropriate $50,000 tor
»-* «—HI—— «• I««v. In ill rmibwacD. fc r ,t two v *rs, and l-ave it to a ■ncceedin* le
gislature to complete the work. Under this con
struction of the law, I did not hesitate to sanction
me report of the gentlemen appointed, and permit
the work to pi ogress. It will devolve upon the Le
gislature to in tke tbe appropriation necessary for
iis completion,
I herewith transmit the bl-ennlal Report of tbe
gist, Mineralogist and Agricultural Chemist.—
11 is office should he located nt the Capital and
his general duty should bo to make a Geolog'
icnl survey of the State, direct the mode of test*
ing for ores, unnlvze soils nnd point out tho
various kinds of manures (or their fertilization.
To make the orgnniz .lion of such a department
efficient and useful, it would require the State
to he divided into Ge dog oul Districts, and the
employment of assistants. Its dotuils however
will readily suggest themselves to the Legislai
lure, end the policy, once adopted in good ear.
nest, lime und experience will very scon per
fect it. A similar appointment, in other States,
bns been attended with the most beneficial re
sults. It is more easy to adduce than to select
illustrations of its ndvuntnges.
In Gonrgia, but littlo attontion has been de
voted to Agricultural education; nnd without
disparagement to our planters, it must ho con-
tossed, thut their success is mainly tho result
of fertility of soil and unconquerablo cnorgy
and industry • They owe but littlo to tho ap
plication of scientific principles to tho multi
plied details of tho plantation. Rut as tho
land" become exhausted by such n system of
cultivation, they will rofuso their wonted
yield, until science shall come to their rescue,
by showing tho moans of their resuscitation.
Tho office undor consideration will, to a con
siderable extent, rotnody this ivido spread
evil. Ry his analysis of specimens of soils
furnishod to him, ho will explain to tbo
owuors tho character, components and quan
tity <>f tho munurcs required to fertilise tbom.
Ry delivering publio lcoturos as often, and at
as mntiy points, as ho may bo ablo, ho wil
instruct tbe inhubitnnts of tho whole Agri
cultural districts, as to tho qualities of thoir
lands, nnd the fertilizers host calculated to
confer upon them tho highest capacity for
production. This will soon awaken the proper
spirit among tho people nnd lead, as an ulti
mate result, to a just appreciation of tho im
portance of Agricultural education. Tlie ag
gregate of advnntage could bo ascertained
only, by knowing fully tho loss to tho coun
try, from the absence of, and tho amount
gained by, tho application of scieneo to tho
operations of tho plantation.
And how shall wo estimate the thrift and ac
tivity which such nn appointment will impart
to the Milling interest of thd SMot U'r
mountains and hills are rich in embedded
mines of ore. As yet, we have made hut lit
tle progress in their discovery. Vast sums nre
expended. In blind experiments to uctrUin
their location, resulting often in tho hopeless
ruin of the zealous seeker after hidden wealth.
The Urge amount saved, in the work of test
ing lor ores, is tho least of tho advantages of
the appointment under consideration. 1 he no-
tuol wealth which would he developed by tho
scientific direction of these operations, is abso
lutely incalculable, whilst it would, at the snuio
time, open new channels for capital and indus
try, nnd furnish employment for thousands of
laborers. I may not dwell at greater length
upon thi* interesting topic. I trust It will en
gage the serious deliberations of the Lagisla..
ture, and thut they will act ns. bocomes en
lightened statesmen.
WKIGIITH AND MKARUHKB.
By an net of the lant llonoral Assombly,
approved February 9lh, 1354, tlio Governor
was directed, to cause to ho procured in sumo
cheap and economical way, fifty standards
I tho reasons „i UCia jon lo lighten tho Intel- iu Weight
gill.- and me,
, I’ll Ull III Vllllttsputld • - I s
witu thuou uow Iu ouoal oliengtb of our Militia. Il iuay bodoue
war and pestilence, it leaves in its pathway its
millions of viothns slain, lamentation nnd wo.
It pours desecration nnd contempt upon all
that is hnllowed in domestic life, and all thnt
is sacred in the rites of our holy religion. The
good man naturally enquires for n remedy.---
He looks hack upon the past—eloquence und . , . w
argument have grappled with it, social organ- 1 Trustees Superlnteodant and Rosldont JPhysicUn.
izntiou." has exerted its combined instrumen- From them, you will learn fully the progress, con-
tulity, Christianity has wept and prayed over ' d*Bou and operations ofthe Institution; all re-
ll . nnd v.-l thu evil conMnuss. Losinn sight . »*MgwcredIt up™,th»Mulltj *foI*blUtr oftho>
olT,ho potency of moral sunsion, losing faith ,n I Iw wMfo'j’foMhsm'b# suppKtd-.S'ls
the ultimate triumph ol truth and v irtue, nnd . liberality coa.men«uiate with claims of the unfur-
impatient for summary relief, ho feels that leg- J tuuute demented, and worthy the character of a
{station must come to the rescue, by prohibit- great and growing State,
ing the sale of intoxicating liquors. This leads paiidojuxo powtb.
us to search for the delicate line which defines J The Executive l« charged with no duty more
tl... Issfritimntrt inhere ofthe civil newer embarrassing and delicate than that of deciding
the legitimate Apnere ot me civ ll power. petitions for pardon. In most cases, the ap-
Tho Legislature is the guardian ot iho gen- |,ucati on 1- su-tained, uot only by a long list of
oral woifuro. It is its duty to secure public signors, but by ihe streaming tears of the heart
peace and tranquillity,and to protect persons, . bn.ken wile or mother. To resin such appeals re-
character ami properly. JSut why ? Sot bo- qyi™ » lirtnnsss of csrre, bordcriag rtpoo stoi-
caiiso religion enjoin,, hut bccccsc the interest
of tlio body social demunds it. Hence, social e PU ti T e. wIiLst he remembers his oath to execute
nnd civil nocossity only should both prompt , tlio law iu ‘ mercy,” au<t also look steadfastly to
nnd limit legislative action; tho promotion of . the great Interests of society which are involved in
the morality which religion inculcates must •“» eie.clseof the Pardootng Pow.r. Th. publlo
bo uu incuLal result, uo, the primary oh- • "^h.” muTh? 5 llfo, , %ZfflSXS$Sl
ject. Tills is tho true criterion to giiido tho , and the socinl weal depend upon ft. Certainty and
law-making power. To transcend It is fana- J unif >rmity in tlio execution ofthe criminal laws
tici«m, because it is tho recognition of a prin « are of incalculable importance. They are terror*
ciplo, wnich would justify tho civil authority t” evil aoers, whilst facility, in pardoning offences,
,. r J gives license to the commission of crime, by hold-
Impressed with there
As a further means of encouraging Agricttl. ....... - y-r-w gins Item,, to th. cm,miss,
ture and the do velopement ot the mineral In taking charge of tho consciences ol men f ng outjtbe hope of Impunity, *m|> ra ..eu wiu* «
wealth of the State, I recommend that prnvis nnd enforcing moral reforms by law, which ' views and tho opinion, that too much clemency
ion be made by the Legislature for the appoint- can only ho legitimately done by appeal to been heretofore prnctl-i-d, I have interposed who
inent, with « suitable salary, of State Geolo reason. Hence, tho danger and impolicy of ( great caution. For the purpose. of preserving con-
' attempting to ah! the tempera,tee cause by |
legislative prohibition of tho traffic in ardent • | n thu oflk#) entitled the "l’ardon Docket,” lu
spirits. It is not only wrong ns a pnnciplo - which every case of application is entered, and the
of legislation, but tho public sentiment boing > realms briefly statcl on which It waa decided;
ad verso to it. tho law would not bo enforood, : »nd I have adopted written rulestor my guidance,
intemperance would be ttutlimittished uud
tho social evils aggravated, which it would ( ^^age of a law requiring the Executive, intu-
dc.-ign to suppress. ture, to commuuicAte to the Legislature, at tha
It does n»t follow however,that there are not 1 opening of each session, a full list of pardon#
abuses connected with our retuil license law, 1 A 1 ?.*.* la . , . e . , ?4PL 0 L t . h !.”.?'
which nr. within ^ reach of the
Legislative arm. INhoeier will examine the ( tho f 0r(nu tion of a sounder publlo opinion, upon
criminal dockets of our courts, will see abun- Grij important subject*
dnnt proof, that the system needs the restraint j Unoer the provision of ths 17th 8ertion of tha
of n more rigid and wholesome police. It is the ! 1st Article of the Constitution of this State, on the
fruitful source of'erime against life.person.pro- 8th ef June Inst, I respited the sentence against
perty and the public pence, «d.therefore U I
the dnty of the Legislature to apply a remedy. , ^ hu „ K on the 1 ^ th day of June, 1856. Un the
I have given this subject much reflection and .^ tlj j iv y 0 j- August lut, I aim respited tho sen-
did satisfied that,if the existing laws oould be terceazAiust John T. U»yd, convicted of the mur-
steruly enforced, most ot the evils connected | der. in the second d- gree, of Alexander M. Robln-
with our license system would cease. Why are i son, in tho county Of Muscogee, And adjudged to
they not enforced ? Is It because publio sen- b* hung
timent is opposed to them ? Is it beouuse good
citizens do not approve them ? Is it because
tho penalties are too severe ? By no means.
But it is because their violation is covered in
secrecy and darkness, so that they escape dis
covery and detection.
The grand defect therefore, is apparent. _
lies in the fact that the existing Inw requires
tho Clerk ofthe Inferior Court of each county
to grant, as a matter of course, a lioense ta
every man who complies with its precedent
conditions Hence, in too manv instances bad
nnd unprincipled men obtain permission to re
tail, who defy the restraints ol law, if they can
conceal its violation. Now suppose the retail
traffic were confined to men whv> would respect
nnd faithfully obey the laws for its regulation,
is it not evident that the great mas- of exist
ing evils that nflliot society would case ? Tho
remedy then, is to confine the granjing of li
cense to such men. How can you effect this
Withdraw tbe granting power from the Clerk,
nnd vest it in the sound discretion ot the Inte
rior Court of each county. As the guardians
of the genernl welfare, they will exclude vie
rnuuiy oi AiuKUpn, nuu u>
the 7th day of September 1855. The
sentence, ia both rases, 1* respited until the 23d
dev of the present month It will therefore be
hoove tho Legis.sture to give their early attention
to tnone irases. It is not deslgaed that the action
of th-* Executive shall be eon«trued into the ex-
pres-ion of an opinion, as to what ought to be the
flail decision of the Legislature. The casee should
he decided strictly upon their merits- But human
I 1 life being suspended upou my action, Ifeltbouud
to give the unfortunate convicts the benefit of eve
ry extenuating circumstance, end cost upon tbe
pardoning power tbe res{onslbUltjr of determining
their fate.
Former Legislatures, in a tow Instance#, have ex
ercised the pardoning power, by passing laws for
tlmt pur|<ose, iu ozses uot capita). Tbe constitu
tionality of such action I. so que-tlonable, that it
o glit never sg-In to be attempted. The 7th ora
tion of tho 1st Article of the State Constitution, con
fers upon the Governor the power “ to grant par-
dous, or to remit nny part of a neutence, in all
cam's after conviction, except for Treason or Mur
der, in which ciso he may respite the exeoutioa
aud make report thereof to tbe next Oenorai As
semble, by whom a pardon may be granted.”-—
Ilence the power to pardon. In cases, not capita),!*
entirely distinct from tbe power to pardon, in capi
tal offences. The one i< vested in tbe Governor, th#
other in tha General As-embly. Tberefore, tho
First Section of tbe First Article of tha Constitution
ious nnti corrupt men .IJ n ?L°?l« | would seem to settle thequsstion. It declares that,
firio it to those whose known fidelity to tho „ Th# j^uintive, Executive, and Judlcl.ry de-
laws of the land will bo a guarantee for well
regulated, nnd orderly houses. I feel confi
dent, that this change in the license law. would
vindicate itself, by tho benefits it would difluse
and meet a sustaining response in tho public
sentiment.
MILITARY.
Our Militia system requires ontiro reor
ganization. It might ho wo'.l to substitute a
ooiiiinutialinn tax in lieu of the present oner
ous requisition of personal service, at tho op
tion of tbo militiaman.
Tlio Htrtto should oncourago tho organiza
tion of Volunteer companies. The judicious
application of cho tund arising from tho corn-
inutatiou would to well devoted to that ob-
joct.
Previous to the last Congress, tho Mate lost
largely in tho quota of Arms to which she
was entitled from tho Federal govornraent
undor tho law of 1803, on account of tho im
ported returns of our militia strength. Wo
havo lost not loss than $50,000, equal to 3846
muskets. But tho law is now sa amended, as
to distribute tho quotas of Anns to tlie several
States, according to their representation iu
('•ingress Still however, it is important for
Im|»i Miiun plan In oncerlmii tlie mini
partmeuts of Government shall be distinct, and
each department shall bo confined to a separate
body of Magistracy ; and no person or collection nf
persons, being one of thoee departments, shall cx-
ercNe any power properly attached to either of the
otbers, except in the Instances herein expressly
permitted.” It Is ncodliwe to say, the power under
consideration is not one of theee “ instances.”—
Tho Executive will always respect the wi*bce or the
Legislature, and therelbre.it were better for them,
to rvcomuicnd him to pardon, where, in easea not
capital, they think clemency la due, than to at
tempt the exercise of a power M questionable aa
the enactment of a law for that purpose.
norVnARV LINE BETWEEN FLORIDA AND OEOROIA.
In c •nformlty with an Interlocutory decree of
the Supreme Court of tho United States, the last
General Assembly by resolution required the Ex
ecutive to appoint a Commissioner and Surveyor,
on the part of Georgia, to run and mark the boun
dary lino between the States of Florida and Geor
gia, whenever the former should sigulfy its accept
ance of the terms of the Decree, and ita readiness
to proceed therewith. This resolution was duly
executed by tho appointment of Alexander A.
Allen, Esq., ns Commissioner; and James It. Butts,
K*q., ns Surveyor on tho part of the Btato. These
gentlemen, in conjunction with the Commissioner
and Surveyor on the part of Florid*, devoted four
mouths to tho prosecution «<f the work; and by tho
amount of labor •performed, the Information col
lected, and the science exhibited, they fully evinced
CONTINUED ON FOURTH TAGS-