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z i,, f*lß^ sa?a < __ <§fauiwfr of O!stttott. “The friends of the Union are our friends,SUld its enemies. our enemies." TUESDAY UOKVIMO. Jan. VI. CHANGE OF PUBCLIAT ION. We have changed oui day of publication to Tuesday, which will be continued until the next session of the legislature. FIRE AT MIDWAY. The following Circular communicates the' unfortunate intelligence of the destruction, by tire, of the Steward’s Hall, attached to the I Academy at Midway. We are gratified to learn that the exercises of the Institution nre already rr» lined, and that Mr. Stubbs will, in a few i days open his boarding house for the accommo dalion of the students. CIRCULAR. Midway, January 19, 1J37. SIR—I he Steward's Hall, connected with , our Institution, was this morning, at about 9 o’- ! clock, consumed by lire. It is made my duty, I Chairman ot the Executive Committee of the j Board ot Trustees of Oglethorpe University, to communicate the fact to you, and to state that although the loss to the Institution is considera ble,yet but little inconvenience will result there by. Tho exercises of the Academy will be re sumed to-morrow, in the building heretofore occupied. Mr. STUBBS, our Steward, will, in a few days, open his Boarding House, for the accommodation of the Students, and will oc cupy the dwelling house now used as the Acad en ’.'.'. l ' ,e building near it, and another building fitting up for the purpose, also near • In the moan time ample arrangements have b< ; eii made, free of charge, for the accommo l.tion of the Students at this place and in tha City o f Milledgeville. I regret to add, that some of the effects of the Students were unfortunately consu ned. Verv respectfully, SAMUEL ROCKWELL, Chairman. THE EXPUNGING RESOLUTIONS. The resolutions offer.-d by Col. Benton two sessions ago, to EXPUNGE from the journal of the U. S. Senate a gross libel upon the character of General Jackson, has passed that body by a vote of 24 to 19—five members absent. The intelligence, we learn, wa, brought by the Express mail of Sunday last. This is one act of signal justice to an in ured patriot, and will be hailed with accla mation by the American people. THE TARIFF. We are much gratified to learn, that this im portant subject is again before Congress, and that strong hopes are entertained of a material reduction, in spite of Mr. Calhoun’s compromise. A motion to lay the Bill on the table, was lost in ths House, on the 12ih inst. by a majority of twenty five votes. W e shall soon see how far, compromises of political aspirants aro to bind the honest legis lation of the country. BIDDLE’S BANK. The right of a State, to judge of 11 infrac tions" of her sovereignty, as well as “ the. mode and measure of redress," is a doctrine so broad ly laid dow n—so strenuously maintained, and so stubbornly adhered to by the nulliliers, since 1831, that we did not expect to find a single member of that party, shrinking from this fun damental principle of liis creed, at the moment when a most flagrant attempt is making to usurp those rights. We were nut prepare 1 for a change so sudden and so great. But “ times change and men change with them ;” and we behold those, who have been a mi.ng the loudest advocates for nullification for the absolute and unconditional sovereignty of the States, not, silently, submitting to tlcir open violation, but actually defending the vio lators. So far as we have seen the newspaper dis •ussioits upon the late movement of the United States’ Bank, in Georgia, tho Union presse ss speak one unanimous language. They all de ■ounec the act,so far as the United States’ Bank i* concerned, us a direct invasion of the reser ved rights of tho State, and as assuming pow er*, tin; grant of which, belongs to her people. I Wo are proud to sec a course so decidedly re publican, maintained with so much unanimity by the Union party —a party which has been branded with the epithets ofsubniissionist—con •olidatiouist—and lory; standing upas tt lias al ways stood, fortlie pure principles of constitu tional State sovereignty. A case has now arisen in which all men de voted to those sacred principles may unite, a case in which the infraction is too palpable to be mis- I understood, and where the remedy lies within the peaceful and constitutional action of the ' State Government. The corrective is in the j hands of tho people, and may be applied thro’ their representatives in the legislature. It requires no extraordinary movement to drive out the invaders. N:» Conventions or Or dinances are excitement or vi olence j and that such power belongs .to a State, of t..is Union, as reserved under the com pact, it shall be our business to shew in due sea son. We take the broad ground, that the legisla ture of Georgia possesses the unqualified right to repeal a Bauk Charter, or any other act of incorporation passed for the exclusive benefit ol the persons incorporated, and their associates, and when this op uiou shall be fairly and fullv controverted, it shall be our business to sup- I pert our position Isy reason and argument. But will the principle lx- denied ? It may, but we have no right to expect it from the Union partv, from our knowledge of their firm and inviolable attachment to the rights of the States ; noi ' eould it be looked for from the nullifiers, ifthev have been sincere in the position they him occupied, in regard to the powers of States. Yet, money is power, and power will find par ' ■ • iv e s': u! > | etray not only weekness, but a total ignorance jof human nature, were we for a moment to imagine that tin army of thirty-live millions of dollars, could be conquered without a struggle. I\\ e know better. We know that the Bank will | find advocates, but we know ami feel, that the | honest yeomanry of the country will overpower 1 them. \\ e are told by the friends of this movement, that it will do good to the country—that it will ' make money plenty, and furnish exchanges I upon easy and model ate terms, and that, take ' it all in all, it is one of the best things which i could have happened in Georgia. It will not bo st, and it it is tolerated by the people, it will prove a scourge and a pestilence. It will op- ! press our State institutions, monopolize all the exchanges—expand and contract,at pleasure— ; and pressure and panic will be the order of the day. j If they are permitted to carry on their ope- I rations, it will not be long before they will, with, their immense capital, monopolize all that is | profitable in Banking and Exchanges, and. i 1( . | citizens of Georgia, thereby deprived of bene fits to which they are ext lusively entitl'd. under i the law and the constitution. If Banking is profitable, it is dv c ; 0 our own i citizens, that they should reap i|- e advantages j arising from the system, and 5 t i s j n v iolation°of i right and justice, -j should bo al ' lowed to interfere, or in a av w ise to participate. I We say foreigners, be- at.se it is a notorious i fact, that a very large portion of the United Slates Bank is held, ty subjects of foreign Gov ernments—Grea’. Britain, Franco, &c. Are our citiz to be driven out of the money market, ortr.er; political rights usurped by for eign specu'.a.urs and capitalists I Arc we so weak or so wicked that the fiscal concerns of’ our co u'itry cannot be managed by our own p?o --1’1- *r Or are we so degraded that the subjects •* England and France are to be called to reg al ate our affairs, and teach us how to handle our I own money 1 Let every independent republican answer these questions, and we shall hear one general , burst of indignation from one end of the State j to the other. The President of the United States has notified the Senate to convene on the 4th of March next, for the purpose ofholding an Executive session. Foil THE STANDARD OF UNION. I Mr. Editor— The recent operations of the Insurance Bank of Columbus, in trans ferring its charter to the control of Nicho ■ las Biddle, E<q. virtually transferring it in to a irunc/t of the United States' Bank of Pennsylvania, has created no little excite ment among the people; and hoiv could it he otherwise ; What are to become of our boasted Slates Hights nnd State sovereign ly, if such an act is tolerated in Georgia. Our own people are not suffered to carry on Banking operations without the consent of the Legislature of Georgia; ami shall a for eign institution, with a capita! 0f30,000,000, ' insidiously plant its branches among, and ’ seek to control all the monied operations of the State? Wonderful audacity! but the; people will not submit to it; they cannot ; ! and Mr. Biddle will soon find himself in a nest of hornets, it he shall continue pursuit j in his impudent intrusion. We believe that the Insurance Bank has virtually forfeited its charter, bv transcend ing the plain meaning and intent for w hich it was created. Can it be believed that the power which brought this Bank into exist- I ence, would have ever done so, had it been | known that it was the intention, or ever would he the intention of its stockholders i to have placed it in the hand- of Nicholas , Biddle, as an opeialive machine for the [United States’ Bank, or any other foreign [ Bank. Never! never! I Mr. Editor—l will before long, hand yon ' [anotherarticle on this subject, in which it is my design to discuss it more fully. I will j endeavor to show, sir, that if this ba k is' . [suffered to carry on its operations, tinder its I recent transformation, that it will he entire- • ly ii« opposition t<> the Constitution of the i State and a violation of the intent ami spir- * iit of its charter. Th it it will control the ! [entire commercial ami planting interest,, cause a great scarcity ts mimey and re-\ dice the price of cotton.—That the mer chant will be shaved deeper in his monied operations, ami that the whole per centum at last, will come out of the farmers’ pockets. 1 li it the local Batiks will necessarily cur ia I their own operations, draw in their ac : I'ommod itions, nml give place to the circu lation of a paper currency issued not only by a foreign bank but by one whose stocks is owri-il principally by the cnpitalistssof France and England.—A FARMER. From the Augusta Constitutionalist. UNITED STATES BANK. We ptiblidi in this day’s paper a comma- i nication taken from th- Boston Courier, which must attract attention at tliis time. I i The article speaks for itself, it requires mil comment. We will observe however, that, [ 1 if the Bank o' - the United States acts in the manner the w riter ol the communication | represents that institution to have done, a inong friends and supporters—among those ' who did not sp ire tiieir invectives against j the federal admini-tration for its hostility t<> that bank—what have we to expect whin !' located among us ? Can we expect more' 1 liberality ami disinterestedness ? Can we I deceive our»t Ives so inucli as to believe that | 1 the United Stales Bank intends to establish | ' its power in Georgia, merely for our own ' accommodation and benefit and for the re- 1 luction am' equalization of exchange? 1 Uhe idea is preposterous ami ridiculous. 1 Two leading papers in the State, ofoppo site parlies, have taken a decided stand a uairist the establishment of the power of the ' United States Batik, in Georgia f the Fed- I •ral Union and Recorder have re-echoed 'he voice of the people. We find,diowev- I ■r, that the papers of Macon are giving an ; indirect support to tie ariangemeiil in qnes- I ion. The Telegraph says : “A“ inajm iti , 4 the stock in the Insurance Bank of Co- i iimbus, has been transferred, by the late t toi kholders, to Nicholas BiddJe, of Phi Li - This transaction is viewed hy i ’•> I. • I. to-;; j | to tlm :■! I-?.;: <•' ' Georgia; while others esteem it injurious to her interests ami degrading to her char acter. For ourselves we cannot view the matter in any other light than as a lair busi ness trusaaction, in w hich one p r .ity was at liberty to sell ami the other to purchase. I 1 he effect it may have on tire currency or ’ the ex, hange, w e should think, cannot be much worse.” And the M css.etigerobserves: •• Much unnecessary x.pprehension is fell, ami as we conceive, -a r reat deal of snper thious comment exy ressed by the ncvvspa pe s, at a recent transfer of a portion ol stock (mid mu . a za | e o f the charter, as rep • esented,) made ov the Insurance Bank ol Columbus, to Xl|-. Biddle. We cannot , eouiprehep d j lc force of the reasoning used to show thc.t by this transfur a fraud has been ecu ni jt( Vl l on t| le legislation of the State.. The terms of the charter, whether we vensuit the letter or spirit of ii, do not *'*•'strict the owners of the stock in their tie o c (iations for the sale of the same. Indi . v idaala either in or out of the State may i t beavme purchasers of the stock; and if the , provisions of the charter are not violated, !we cannot see how the ownership of the I stock can be made a subject of legislative I interference. The people in this part of I the country appear to be well satisfied with 1 ; the arrangement, and whether A, B or C, s [ all or either ot’ them are stockholders, is a t[ matter of indifference ; provided the insti - [ tulion be managed on fair, equitable ami .[banking principles. We know that it will s i be the policy of the Bank to do a liberal ] business; we were going to say that it will be absolutely necessary, tl.at they should do so. We are well assured that the Branch in Macon will pursue a policy acceptable to the people, and not at variance w ith the in terests of our local Banks. The views of ’ j the direction in this place we are acqttain- II ted with from long ami intimate assoiia ■, tion, and we can with confidence say, that !' they would not be accessory to any measures .' tnat would prove detrimental to the inter r i est ol our city, or that could be regar ! ded as a fraud on the legislation of the ! State.” r [ I The principal ground assumed by’ these . papers, in an indirect support of the ar rangement, is, that the stockholders had the right to sell their stock to whom they please. Certainly they bad that right, as there is ; no provision in the charter which could f have prevented them from disposing of their ! interest in that institution in the manner they did ; they could have sold their stock to lire Khan ofTartary as well as to Air. Bid dle. But it never was contemplated by the ) legislature that the control of the institution I should ever fall into the hands of other |- men but citizens of Georgia. Intheskelch . wr give below of the provisions of the char . ter, it will be seen that the legislature . thought it had provided against any control p of the bank by other individuals than citi . zens ot Georgia. In presenting the following sketch of the • provisions of the charter of the Insurance • Bank, we beg l< ave to ask the question, whether the control of the institution by the I United Slates Bank, comports with the ( | spirit and letter ot that charter, and w ith the I intentions ot the legislature in granting it ? I What does the preamble say ? That, ‘•whereas insurance companies property j conducted are beneficial to society, bv divi ding among many , losses which would oth erwise fall heavily on few ; and whereas the [ good ol this Stale would be promoted by keeping w ithin it, the large sums of money w hich are now annually sent to the north, to pay insurance on southern property; and whereas an insurance bank, located at Co lumbus, willing (or a reasonable premium to take risks on buildings and merchandise, is much desired by the merchants ami oth ers ol that ami the neighboring towns,” jizc. This preamble breathes the spirit of the legislature. The Insurance Bank was in corporated with the view of operating as a stale institution, and ot preventing large sums <>j money from being sent annually to the north. And yet, by the transfer of the ; stock to Air. Biddle ami his associates, the j views of the legislature ate to be put aside, [ and the benefits resulting from the opera i lions of the institution, are to be enjoyed by [individuals m>t citizens of Georgia’! By the second section of the charter, it is I d dared that lite capital stock of the ’ttsur [ ance Bank, shall be §300,000, with the privilege ol' increasing it io §600,000. . By the sixth section, the Bank is autlmr | ized to issue bills or notes of credit, for three times the amount of the capital stock paid in. By the seventh section, the corporation lias full power to insure propertv an effects of every description, against losses by fire or water, Bie. One of the fundamental articles of the constitution of the corporation, is, that lite number of votes to winch each stockholder shall be entitled, shall I e according to the number of shares lie shall hold, each share ] to be entitled to one vote. If Messrs. Biddle I & Co. have purchased a majority of the j (shares, it is very clear that the. control <>f | the institution is in their hands, mitwithstan ding the amount of shares that may be ] owned by citizens of Georgia. That Messrs. | Biddle Co. have not purchased the entire j slock, is interred from the second article, which declares that none but a stockholder [ entitled in his own right to 50 shares, ami he- I ing a citizen of the State, shall be eligible ias a director. The five directors of the I mother bank at Columbus, must own al [ least 250 shares, a.id if the second article applies as well to branch directors, 750 [shares at least must be owned by the 15 directors of three branches, which, by the till) section of the charter, the Bank has the power to establish in the State.—So that 1 000 -bares, out ol 6000, must be ow ti ed by citizens of Georgia. If the 20 direc tors of the mother bank and branches, do not own 1000 shares, the charter will have Ireen forfeited. f Bv the 12th section the corporation is to sejist for thirty years. The charter was eranted December 26, 1831 ; it has there fore 25 years to run. Here is an institution, chartered will banking ami insurance privileges, for th< tfood of the state, and for the purpose ol keeping within it the large sums of monev w hich arc annually sent to the north, to'pay insurance on southern property, p need it the hands of individuals, not ciliz ns of tin state, who will no doubt endeavor to tnalu ii as profitable to lltem-clves as they possi- in v hb'lrm - ' rno-’n* <>f «an-|i THE STAND ARD OF liNiO N. profits from the state to enjoy it elsew here. Lus this expected by the legislature, when they granted the charter? Trom the Constitutionalist. THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION. It is surprising to what despicable shifts the oppositio resorts, for the putpose of throwing obstacles to Air. Van Buren’s being sworn into the oilice lor which he was chosen by a large majority of the electoral votes. Itis’said that he will be an usurper; that lie was not elected by a majority of the people of the United States ; and that he should, therefore, be nre 'ented by force from being placed in die pres idential chair. The people of the United St.ites cannot certainly be deceived by such unfounded assertions, as much devoid of truth as of matter of fact. Air. Van Buren has been elected by a majority ol the electoral votes and l by a majority of the people; but if we place 40,'iUO votes against him in Sou’ll Carolina, there will be a majority of about 20,< (() votes against him in the United States. How has it been ascertained that Mr. Van Buren had not one supporter in South Carolina, either as a first or see nd choice, or in preference to Gen. Harrison? li the sense of the people ofSouth Carolina, could have been ascertained, at the recent election, it would heve turned out that i a majority would have declared themselves for I Mr. Van Buren, in prel’erence to the other | candidates, when a candidate of their choice could uot be started with any prospect of suc cess. And notwithstanding what the state rights presses in the south may sav, there is no doubt tnat a majority ot the people of South Carolina are satisfied with the election of Air. Van Buren by the electoral colleges. It is now asserted that post masters in the States of New- Vork, Pennsylvania and other states which gave their votes to that gentleman, were elect ors: that being postmasters they were not eli gible as electors, and being ineligible, the whole electoral votes given by those states are invali dated and void. What a conclusion these wiseacres have arrived at ! Because one or two or three ineligible citizens were chosen e lectors, the proceedings of the whole electoral colleges are to be made null and void ! Those oppositionists knew that three or four votes would not change the result of the election; hence the bright idea of invallidatiug the whole ofthe electoral votes given by New York, Penn sylvania, ami other states. Failing so far in their plan to defeat the will ofthe people, will the opposition stop in their reckless career? Will they attempt to create new obstacles be fore the inauguration of the new president. . We would not be surprised at some other devi. ces being adopted; but the will ofthe ma;ority will have to be obeyed : Mr. Van Buren will be placed in the presidential chair in spite ofthe opposition. MR. BIDDLE’S BANK, HIS PATRIOT ISM, IBS POLICY, AND CONDUCT. To the Editor of the Boston Courier. The remarks in your paper of Wednes day last, on the subject ol Air. Biddle’s pt o fessions and his practices meet my hearty approbation. To me it seems you have “shown up” Mr. Biddle, in his true colors. A man so conspicuously situated, who wields more than a tenth of the Bank ing capital of this vast country, who has at tained to vast consequence, by having been for a long period, at the head ofthe great est monied institution in this country, and backed and strengthen* d looby the use and handling of many tens of millions ofthe public money, —such a man, to whom all eyes and minds aie directed as one pecu liarly fitted and situated to afford relief in j the tinparelled difficulties of the money af | fairs ofthe countty, should not exhibit, on I a calm review, the disgusting spectacle you have presented. And yet, the pit lure you have drawn is undoubtedly true to the let ter. Air. Biddle’s letters are before the ;woil l, and he cannot retract the bombas , tic professions helms made of his pure and ardent devotion to his dear country, and its interests. One would naturally suppose on reading his gratuitous strictures on the ( conduct of others, his expressions of deep feeling for a suffering people, and his vol ] tinteering to devote his best faculties for the correction of abuses that he really was the sincere friend of the people, and the country. But how stands the fact? Has Mr. Biddle striven with lite great means he possesses to relieve a suffering community ? lias he employed a portion of the im i mense capital of the Bank he directs to aid. the merchants and others of our city, where are to be fount a host of his enthusiastic i admirers a host ot men who heretofore have been ready almost to deify him ; has he, 1 [ask, pursued an honorable and magnanim j ons course, and aimed at doing good? Or has lie not rather seasoned and spiced j his Av’m/Zy aid with the very essence of [ most told usury ? His course, here in Boston is but tc.:> well known ; —all that j you have stated and insinuated is most true. 1 happen to know a recent case exactly in point, where one of our most respectable ! Imuses asked ol' Air. Biddle’s agent the discount of a draft of §SOOO at 60 days ion New-York. The aeent condescended to offer to take it «s a favor, at the inter | est and two percent exchange off, thus, I proposing to put into the honest, patriotic I pockets of Air. Biddle, eighteen percent, per anum interest! The member of the firm applying for the discount declined it, hoping to do better. He succeeded in ob taining the money, without extraordinary effort, ata Bank in State street, the same day, and was charged only a half per cent, exchange and the legal interst—thus er caping from the insatiate grasp of Mr. Biddle, “to the tune of” seventy five dol lars, in this single transaction ! This as must be believi d, is not tin isolated trans action ! It' it is urged that it is, copious eases, wit* l lull proofs, shall be furnished - Comment upon such conduct on the pat tot the great vol ntcer champion of the peo ple, and the country, it would seem, is hard ly necessary. Still lam aware so tam< have some ot our people become, by tlu constant experience of being shaved, that it is urged, that Biddle’s agent don’t skin any harder than others! Indeed, that those tiered are filled with love and grati tude for the moderation and delicacy of'tin operation! Even the very re.pei table a gent himselt has urged, (I speak advisedly j that the victims would most gladly, thank fully have submitted to harsher knives am leepcr cuts if insisted on ; and this h< ■ rged as a justification ol' the practice! It liar, been urged by some of the deyotei I ind subservient a inirers of Air. Biddle' bathe never would have authorized stub a otirse; that it has been adopted and pm • ned by his ageir, wiihi.ut his knowledge. ?or Air. Biddle’s reputation 1 wish this rrrr trit' - , wen’ it not for bis egent so: ' whom 1 have heretofore cherished feelings! ' I great respect. But <m this point there can be no doubt. The agent would never, of his own motion, have volunteeied in such a course. Be sides, it is well known Air. Biddle has been addiesscd on the subject, has been respect tully asked if he has authorized such course* and though more titan a fortnight has elap sed, he has not condescended to give atty answer, —he has been as “silent as an oys ter.” Why has he not answered ? espe - cially, why has he not answered if he feels that the course pursued is a justifiable and defensible one? lie knows too, full well that it is in violation ofthe spirit of the charter under which lie acts, that if the same course of policy should be attempted in the city where he lives, the merchants would cry aloud against it, and that he would have to encounter the well merited repptobation of a spirited community. No! No! Air. Biddle knows too well the intellinence and spirit ofthe sober people of Philadelphia, to dare for one moment to attempt to obtain an exorbitant rate of in terest, by charging two per cent, exchange on New-York. Sooner than endure such a prostitution of the powers wielded by him, their ow n grant, they would pull his i bank down about his ears—not a stone would remain unmoved. And will Boston nians, will the people of Massachusetts, suffer a foreign Bank to establish an agen cy here, to wield a capital not subject to taxation, boldly to go on violating out laws by taking most exorbitant interest, I while at the same time our government ri ■ gidly restrains the Banks of its own crea [ lion from such a course ? They cannot [ and ought not to suffer it. No arguments i that will stand the test of examination, can he urged in support of it, and if it is ac [ quiesced in, if a miserable ‘available’ policy is encouraged and pursued, well may all in telligent and good men pray, “God save j the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.” Athens, Jan. 21. RAIL ROAD STOCK. As previously announced, one thousand shares ofthe Stock of the Georgia Rail Road [ and Banking Company were offered for sale in this place on Thursday last. It was all imme [ diately taken at premiums ranging from §lo,to [ sll 25 per share ; and all disposed of to about | thirty individuals. The liability of Rail Road Companies ( for the payment of damages for injuries sus tained by passengers, has been clearly re cognized by the Superior Court of Massa chusetts, in a recent decision in the case of Lieut. RUSS, of the U. S. Navy, and six seamen, who were injured by the concussion of two locomotives, on the Boston and | Providence Rail Road, some months since, i We have heard (says the Boston Centi i nel,) that the minute investigation has in- I creased the public confidence in Rail Road travelling, showing more precautionary measures in these Corporations against ac cidents than were supposed to exist. The verdicts in the six sailor causes were as, fol lows ; For Howell, who was severly inju red in a delicate part, §2,250 For James Thompson, who lost the calfof his leg, §2,250 For Murdock, who received an in- ternal abdominal injury, §3,000 For White, for fracture ofthigh bone &z shortening his leg one inch, §1,500 For Cummings’ who had his collar bone broken, but deserted from the Hospital, §175 For Raw son, who broke bis fore arm, and also deserted, §175 Total, §9,350 The Jury were four hours in agreeing on the main points. A ter these verdicts were rendered, the Counsel agreed upon a ver dict to be given by the Jury without evi dence or discussion for Lt. John A. Russ for two thousand dollars—making in ail, eleven thousand three hundred and fifty dol lars. Some of the sailors are said to be still lin gering ‘n the hospitals. The most eminent counsel were engaged, on both sides, and the favorable result of the trial, to the in jured men, is stated to be marly attributed I to the exertions and perseverance ol'Capt. Percival, of the U. S. Navy, who himself caused the prosecutions to he carried on, and was personally responsible for all the costs ofsuit, in case the decision had been advcrsdto the seamen. Charleston Courier. The Pork Market.—Welearn through our western exchange papers, that the price of that indispensable eatable, hog meat, has fallen very considerably in the principal pork-market in the Union. On the Bth ult., contracts to a large a inount, were made in Cincinnati at $5 per cwtt The next day some heavy sales were made a s 4 75 and $4 50. The Cincinnati Evening Post says that live hogs are extremely abundant in the country [the contiguous paits of Kentucky and Ohio,] and that the pi ice of pork must come down. This depreciation in the price of pork at Cincinnati, however, can have very little effect upon the market of East Tennessee, as the a mount ot Pork left in tho country is scarcely e .qual to the necessary demand.— Col. Sent. New-Orleans, Jan. 12, 1837. A citizen of New Orleans who has lately returned from Vera Cruz, where he met with a gentleman recently from the city of Mexico, received from him the following communication, which we give our readers, •vithout however having any other knowl edge as to how much reliance ought to be placed upon the statements. TO THE FRIENDS OF TEXAS. A gentleman just arrived from the city of tlexicohas been an eye-witness to the great reparations making by that government I o open the Spring campaign with great rigor. The troops were well clothed and amph rovided with every tiling necessary for the ampaign. The numbers are much greater than is nentioned in any of the newspapers, sax bout 16,000. Gen. Bravo, at a procession of monks, priests, &,c. swore extermination to evert H ing he could find in Texas, without re tard to age or sex. Friends ot’ Liberty! Now is the time foi •on to look out—do not be lulled to .sleej iy false reports —be aware that you havi t a powerful enemy to cope with. , ;V. O. Com. Bude!in. I We are indebted to a gentleman ol this city for the following extract of a letter da ted, Vera Cruz, Dec. 1, 1836. Dear Sir—Since my last, aclmnue has been effected in the functionary ol the com mandaucia ofthe stale Vera Cruz. On the 10th ult., Gen. Antonio de Castro assumed the charge of this office by order wf the su preme government, but whose appointment is understood to be only temporary, Gen. V icioria having been mimed by the Cabinet ot Mexico to fill the station and who it is expected will soon reach this place.—Gen eral Guiaco Vasquez had become unpopu lar, and w'as, it is believed, consequently su perseded. Within the last fortnight, intelligence has been received at this place of a movement against the administration at Papuntla, a town near Tuspan. An ancient guerilla w arrior, an Indian of the name of Olarte, has taken np arms in fi.vor of a change of government, at the head of about one thou sand men, principally Indians, and who it is supposed may at this time possibly be io possession ofTuspan. Sbaidd this prove true, his influence may perhaps extend to Tampico. Troops have been despatched from this to put Olarte. down, but which is somewhat doubtful. The last advices from the interior were, that General Bravo, commander of the forces destined for Texas, was at or near San Louis Potosi—with abtmt four thousand men, in place of eight thousand as promis ed by government, and that, in consequence of the government not having supplied the number of troops, and failed to raise tne necessary means for prosecuting the Cam paign. General Bravo had it is said, sig nified his intention or wish to resign the command, but was willing to serve in the ranks. The troops were greatly disafiect ed, one regiment having revolted, conse quently many executions ot officers and privates had taken place. There is little reason to believe that the projected campaign will ever go into effect —the want of money, men and officers to lead are insurmountable obstacles. 7’he Mexican naVy, consisting of the V incedor del Alamo, the Bravo, the Fama and the Urrea, and the brig, thi; American, brig Fourth of July, is at present in this port, all with the exception of the latter, winch is daily expected to arrive from I ampico, and which they are unable to put to sea for want of means. Capt. Ribeaud, of the Mexican service, has recently been promoted, and is appoint ed to the command of the squadron. This however is an unpopular measure with the officers ol the navy, who have expressed an inclination to throw' up their commissions, lin case the appointment is insisted on by government. The American seamen, eight in number, belonging to the United States sloop of war Natchez, and who were imprisoned at this place by order of the late military comman dant general, were released and delivered to the charge ofthe consul of the United States on the 25th nit. No proofs, as 1 am informed, have been produced of the criminality of these seaman. The Alinister Plenipotentiary of the Alexi can government to the United States, arrived at this from New York a few days since, and as 1 understand, has returned somewhat dissatisfied with proceedings at Washington, and savs that a war is inevita ble between the two countries. The next packet from France is-expect ed to bring Gen. B.istamente from whom much is exp< cted. He will probably be elected to the presidency. Air. Tourme, the present secretary of war, and deficto, the head ol the government, is beginning to lose his popularity, and will, 1 doubt not, ere long, be consigned to humble life. His measuresare too despoticeven tor the pres ent administration, much more so for the great mass ofthe population, who are op posed to the present military system Os gov ernment. I look upon this country as on the verge of ruin, and unless there be a change in affairs, it may become necessary for Eng land, France or some other power to assume a guardianship over it, inasmuch as it is ap parently utterly unqualified to control its affairs as a nation. 1 am, yours most respectfully iyc. I* rom tho Natchez (Mississippi) Courier. CAUSES OF THE RELEASE OF SANTA ANNA. The following communication comes to hand at a very favorable juncture, when the presses from every quarter are rife with speculations respecting the reasons that actuated the Texian Chief Magistrate in releasing the President of Mexico. For the information and satisfaction of those ata distance, who feel interested in the welfare of this interesting country, perhaps it may be no more than proper for us tostate, that the gen tleman who favored us with this communication, is a highly respectable gentleman of the Natch ez Bar, and who, being intimately acquainted with the headof the Government, and the lead ingmen of Texas, has all the adequate op portunities of speaking authentically on thesub- This expose of the course of policy adopted by the Texians, is highly satisfactory, and al though we have been inclined to doubt the ex pediency ofthe measure, we aro now convinced that the interests tmd wellaie of the infant Re public may be really promoted by Santa An na’s restoration to liberty, while at the very worst it can do no harm, if the results anticipa ted therefrom should not be realized. To the Editor of the Natchez (Aliss.) Courier. Sir:—The Mexican General, Santa Anna, and his friend and aid-de-camp, Colonel Al monte, have been released from their captivity in Texas, and passed up th river a few daysa go on their way to the City ot Washington. They are escorted on behalf ofthe Texian Gov ernment by Colonel Hockley, Inspector Gene ral of the army, Colonel Bee, late Secretary ot 1 the Treasury, and Captain Patton. I accom-l panied them from this place to Vicksburg, and I the views which have induced the visit of San- J ta Anna to our Capitol have been placed in my possession with tho request that ! should makn pub’ic so much of them as might bo interesting ■ o the people of this country. In view of the speedy and pacific adjustment if the sanguinary war which hasexisted between Ab xico and Texas, the Captive General solici ed permission from the Texian Government ti brow himself upon the protection ofthe Unite< states, and claim tho interposition of the nmdi itory offices of their Chief Alagistrate. He pro mised to acknowledge the Republic of Texas tu ndependent and sovereign nation—or to agree to the incorporation of her territory into the North Amciican Union, if the other parties in terested should so determine. Being a prisoner ol war—and the Mexican Government having expressly declared that it would hold no negoti ation with Texas through General Santa while lie so remained in duresse, it became ne cessary, ii ids authority and influence were to lie made available at all, that he should at once be placed in a different attitude, in which ho might set free and untraninn led, unbiassed bv any disparaging circumstances; but according to his unquestioned legal right, that he should, in .act, be restored to the lull and complete pos session ot all his lawful authority and power as President ol Alexico. To effect this, his imme diate and unconditional release by the Govern ment ol Texas was indispensably requisite ; and under the petuliar circumstances which exist, in connecti. n with his captivity, it was deemed advisable that the pacific officers should be in voked of some neutral power, friendly to both of the belligerent parties, and impai tial between them. General Santa Anna, therefore, propo sed to visit Washington, and .solicit the media tion of the Picsideut of tho United States, and iiis proposal was acceded to by the Executive of 1 exas, who believed that nothing could possi bly be gained by detaining him longer. On the Ist ol Aiareli next, the term of of bis President ship will expire, alter which time he would bo utterly valueless as a prisoner. 1 lie people ot i exas are anxious to termiii ate their war. j hey wish to live at peace with Alexico. 1 hey desire most heartily to establish their Government, and, it possible, to annex themselves to our own Union. Thev could hardly hope to attain their object while they held the Chief of their enemy in the bonds of iiiiprisonment. They have, therefore, in a spirit ot magnanimity, deserving of all praise, volun tarily surrendered to him his liberty, on the pledge of his word of honor, that the war shall be terminated, that peace shall be restored, that the relations of amity and friendship shall be cultivated and cherished. To detain him could avail them nothing ; to lelieve him, afforded at least the prospect of advantage. If their hope shall be realized, the blessings of a prosperous peace will fall upon them; if disappointed, the execrations of the civilized world will be visited ujion their enemy, and him whom they have conquered, they can conquer again. Respectfully, your obedient servant, JOHN ROSS. Natchez, 21st December, 1836. From the Columbus Herald, Jan. 20. ALARAI IN THE CREEK NATION. Intelligence has just been received in our I city that the Indian Warriors who wereen [ camped about 25 miles from this place tin der charge, of Lieut. Sloan, broke loose yesterday morning and took to the woods, [carrying with them their Rifles, ammuni tion, &a-.! their (lumber is some two bun dled, and there is every reason to believe that they are as hostile'as at any period of the late Creek war. A family came into town last evening, who had fled from a larm, stating that the Indians appeared nu merous in the neighborhood where they had lived —that they were constantly whooping and shooting around their dwelling and gave every demonstration of hostility—as we stated a fortnight since, there are about lour hundred wai riors yet remaining in the- Creek Nation, am! agre*<ibly to our best information, they have all good Rifles and a supply of powder and ball; what damage may they not do? What defence have the Wliite-? The friendly Creeks now at • D.ide’s battle ground digging ditches* would be of more service at home. The Volunteer Companies of this City hold themselves ready ata moment’s warn ing to lake the field, we have not learned whether the Covernor of Alabama has or dered out any troop—the news has proba bly not reached him yet. From the Savannah Georgian Jan. 17. LATEST FROM FLORIDA. By the steamer Santee. Capt. Brooks, ar rived yesterday from Garey’s Ferry via Jacksonville, we have received the follow ing which exhibits the party of Indians, which captured Mr. Dell’s negroes, as more numerous than before reported. Two of tile negroes too, have been cru elly murdered by the blood thirsty sava ges. (Frowi our Correspondent.) Courier office, JACKSONVILLE, Jan. 11—9 a. m. LNDIAN DEFREDATION'S. AGAIN.. Indians in the rear of th Army.— On Thursday last, 11 or 12 negroes belonging to Air. B. M. Dell, going from Black Creek to Newnansville, were captured by a party of Indians. The particulars are giv en in the following letter. To the Editor— Dear Sir : Lest a wrong construction should be put upon the capture of Air. B. M. Dell’s negroes, I give yon as near as I can, the particular's. . Two or three weeks Air. Dell sent a party of his blacks to Ins plantation near Newnansville, hoping that so near the fort at that place, it would be safe for him to make a crop this year. Finding from the presence ofthe Indians, no safety could be found there, he rented a.place in Houston county—whither he intended to remove his. iblaeks. On Tuesday or Wednesday last* he started a wagon and team, with 12 ne groes from Black Creek to join those al ready al Newnansville in order to go from; ihence to Hamilton County. Yesterday,; the sth inst. about eleven o’clock, 11 were captured near Mrs. Monroe’s place, on the* road from Black Creek to Newnansville, by, it is believed, 20 or 30 Indians. One only made his escape. The United States, baggage train was before them, but how far I do not know. The militia from this and Nassau . county, sent as an escort to said train, under command I believe, of Lieu t nniit Hart, passed the wagon and negroes hut a short time previous to the capture, and fortunately took with them from the wagon Mr. Deli’s little son, William, who would otherwise have fallen a victim to In dian barbarity. 1 write in iiaste. Should 1 learn farther particulars I will inform you. Respectfully your ob’t serv’t, JAMES DELL. January 6th, 18337. e are indebted also to the politeness of ('<>l. Dell tor the following letter to him, by ivliii li it will be seen that the Indians made their retreat—that their numbers in • reused on their way by others joining them —and that they inhumanly murdered two ■itlhe eleven negroes they had taken pris mers. Isaac was a prime negro fellow and vas probably stubborn, or perhaps he op msed the murder of the little negro boy f harles, and for that opposition lost bis life.