Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

kI’AREWELL ADDRESS OF GE.NERAL * Andrew Jacksos: To the People of the I nltcd States. * Fsldow-Citi2exs : I Being about to retire iimtlly from public life, 1 I beg leave to uIRt you my gnudiil thanks lot r the many proofs of kindness and confident v | which L have received at your hands. It has I been my famine, in the discharge of public du ’ ties, civil and military, frequently to have found p myself in difficult and trying situations, w here > ironipt decision and energetic action were ne ve«*nry, and where the interest of the cotintn required that high responsibilities should be feat- Ittssly encountered : and it is with the deepest emotions of gratitude, that I acknowledge the continued and unbroken confident e w ith w hich youh.no sustained me in every trial. My pub lic I ifu has been along one, and I cannot hope that it has, at al! times, been free from errors. Bai I have tl te consolation ot knowing' tii.it, it ; inntakes have been committed, they have not ,/mriously injured the countr. 1 so anxiously en r deavnred to serve ; and, at tiie moment vv n 1 surrender my last public trust, I tease this gr. at people prosperous and happy ; in the full en joyment of liberty and peace ; and honored and and respected by every nation of the world. If my humble eli'orts have in any degree, contributed to preserve to jou these blessings, I have been more than rewarded by the honors ' you have heajH-d upon tm* ; and, above all, bv the generous confidence w ith vv.'iiih you have supported me in every peril, and vvillr which yaa have continued to animate and cheer mv , path to the closing hour of my political life. The time has now come, when advanced tige, an.' a broken frame warn me to retire i'.oin public concerns; bitt the recollection of the favors von have bostowed upon me, is engiaved up in mv heart,an I’l have feltth.it 1 coni I not put from vour service without making this public ac knowledgement of the gratitude that I ewe you. And if I use the occasion to olli r to yon the counsels of age and experience, you will, I trust, receive them with the s unc i ; fulgent kindness which you have so often extended to me; and will, at least, sec in them an earnest desire t.> perpotuate, in th s favored land, the blessings of liberty and equal Ir.v. *.,. We have now lived almost fifty years under the Constitution framed by the sages of the Re volution. Imi Condicts in w ii.« h the nations of Europe were engaged durma a gtcal part of this period ; th? spirit in winciitluv waged war against each other; an I oui* intimate commer cial connexions w ith eve.y part ol the civilized world rendered it a time ol mu h dtfiicultv tor the Government of the United States. ' We ' have had our seasons of peace and of war, w ith all the evils which precede or follow a state of hostility with powerful nations. We encoun tered these trials with our constitution vet io its infancy, and under the- disadvantages which a ■ow and untried government iinis/alwiivs feel when it is called upon to put forth its mc.ismes. But wo have passed triuniphandy liuonji all tlwse difficulties. Our coiistiinuou is no longet a doubtful experiment; am:, at Hie end of n. al - ly half a century, we find that i; has preserved unimpaired, the liberties oi the p<oph , secured the rights of property, ana that our comitrv has’ iinproven, and is flourishing beyond auv fo'imer example in the history of naiii’ns. In our domestic concerns there is everv thing to encourage us ; and ii you are true to’vm::- selvcs, nothing can imj e'ue* your march to iim highest point ufn e.iouai pr./.-p; i i.;.. the Slates . ■which had so long been retardeu in their im provement, by die Indian tribes residing in the ■midst of them, are at le.gih relieved irom lite evil; and this unhappy race —me original: >tdw-e!lers in our hind—are now placed in .isiui ation where we may well hope that they will' slai.e in tho blessings ol civ liiviitioii, and be , saved from that degradation and destruction to which they were rapidly hastening while thev remained tn the States , and while tho saf. tv and comfort of ourown citizens have been great ly promoted by their removal, lint phiiaiitlir. - pint will rejoice tb it lite ream mt ofth.it di fated race has been al length placed beyoti l th • reach ’ ■ofrtjury or oppression, and that’ the paternal' mtaeof the General Government will bcreaiter watch over them and protect then’. Ii wo turn to our relations w uh foreign posiTs wo find our condition equally gralifvitm. Ac tuated by lite sincere de-in: to do justice to eve ry nation, and to preserve th ; bl*, ssitigsoi peace ■ our intercourse with them has been "conducted war he part of this Government in the spirit ot , frar.ktiess, and I take pleasure in saving, tlrit it ban-. generally been met in a corresponding tent- : par Difficulties oi old stamliim Lave been stir— mm.intedby friendly discus .ion, and the mutual | deiire to be just; and the claims of our citizens, I which Imd been long withheld, have at b ir th i iMK.n acknowledged and adjusted, and saii.dac twry arrangements nude for'tbiir fim;l pav nteiit; and with a limited, and, I trust, a temoorarv ex eqption, our relations with every foreign po—er > ami now ol the most Iricndlv character—our j commerce continually expanding, and our flag respected in every quarter of the wot Id. These cheering and grateful prospects, and ' those intihijilied favors, vve owe, under Provi dence, to the ad iption oi’the I rd rii Consti'.u tien. It is no longer a question whether this great country can iTinuj h<i*»|)ii\ iniiiud, and liourish under our present firm of Government. Experience, the unerring test of all inimatt tin- j dertakings has shown the wisdom and foresight of those who f irmed it; ami for the brightest hopes of freedom, and for lite happiness of the people. At every linzird.and bv every sacri fice this Union must be preserved. The necessity of watching wi;lt jealous anxie ty for the preservation ot the ( iiion, was ear nestly pressed upon his feilow-citizens by the Father of his country, in hi ; farewell address. He has there told lis, th it “ white < x trriem-e •hill not have deni-HBtiaieil its pructicabiiitv, there will always be reason to distrust the pairi otism of those who in tiny q : irter, tn iv < nd.*.i vorto weaken its bomL and lie has cautioned n« in the strongest terms, the formation «f parties, o t geographic il <l:s<; iminatimis, as ons of the means which might disturb our iciion, •nd to which designing men would be likely to reunrt. The lessons contained in this invaLnible le gacy of Washington to his r.oimn vnn'ii, should be cherished in the heart of i s erv citizen to the fitcst generation ; and p;:rh ips, at tio period ol time could they be more usefully remembered than at the present moment, lot when we look upon the seem s that, are passing around us, and dwell upon the paces ot'his pat ling ad dress, his pitermd counsels would seem to be not merely the offspring of wisdom and fozi.'sighl but the voire ofprophecy fondling events ami warning us ol the evils to come. Forty vein s have passed since this impel i-Lalde dm ument B*' 1 n to his countrymen. Ihe i edetal Constitution was then regard; d bv him a, an ex periment, and he so .[te iks of it 'io hi, aldi;*.-; hut an expetiment ( ip oll ([„. , ol'whiib the best hop'*s ofliis count: v d< peml.aml we ail know that lie was prepar; d to lav down hi, lit;., if necessary, to'seciin it a full 'and fair trial. Fite trial has fie; n made, ft has succeeded be yond the proudest of tlm-e who ft tut.rd it. Ev ery quarter of this v. id; ly < xt; tided nation has fell its files,in 2 s, ami shat; din tin* gem-tal pro*. perity ’produced by its adoption. But amid this general prosperity and splendid su. the Han gers of which lie warned ih, ar<* be;mining t very day more evident, and the signsofci i| are eiently apparent to awaken the deepest anxiety in the bosom ofthe patriot. We behold syste matic efforts publicly rnadeto sow the seeds of discord between different parts of tlm linited States, and to place party divisions direct! v up on geographical dis; inc Hons ; to ext i.e i l.e south i against ti.e north. tu.d the north against the south) and lotce into the controversv tl.e most ■ ileln a't ami exciting topics;—topics nponwhieh ■ it is impossible that a large portionol the ' iiion ian evei speak without sltong emotion. Ap peals too, are cotistamlv mnde tosectmmil inter ests, in mder to infltietne the election ot the: ; Cliiel Magistrate, as if it were dcstrt d that l.e should lav or a pai tictilar quarter of the comitrv instead of iiiltiltnig the duties of his station with ! impartial justice to ail; and the possible dis sclution ol tl.e l n.cn, has al length In come an onlinary and familiar subject of discussion. Has lhe warning voice of Washington been forgot ten I or have designs already been fotiiM d to sever lhe Union ! Let it not be supposed that I impute to all luose jvv ho have taken an active , part in the-e unwise and unprofitable discussions i i want of patriotism or of public virtue. The i honorable feeling oi' State pride, and local at tachments, find a place in the bosoms of the most enlightened ami pure. But while stub, ' men vre conscious ol' their own integrity and ; honesty of purpose they ought nevet to forget ; that the citizens of other States are their own j : political brethren; and that, however mistaken j they may he in their views, the'gii al body of ■ tiieni are equally honest and uprignt with them- i ' selves. .Mutual suspicions and reproaches may i in time create mutual hestililv, and nrit'ulandj designing men will always he found, vv ho are j ready to foment these fatal divisions, and to [ ini’ame the natural jealousies ol dilferent sec- ■ 1 lions of the country. The history of tho world ' ' is full of such examples, and especial!} the! history ot' republics. \\ hat have you to ;;aiu by <liv i>ion nml dissen- I ' tion ! Delude net course.ves wilhthe belief that . a breach once made may he f.t'ti t wards repaired. Il’ the I'uitiu is once >ev end the hue of s p-tra t’mn wilt grow w iiltw ami n ider. and die contro versies vvhuh are now ileltatcd am! settled in th" halls ot h g:-l.ititin. will then be t'ied in the fields 'of battle, ami determined by the sword. Neither' should you deceive yoitrselvet wiih the hope, that j the first Im? of separation would be lhe pertnanent one. ami ihat iiotliinj; I t:t harmony and concord 1 would l.e tumid in the new associations forme,| I ttpon the dissoliilion of this I’liimi Local it;', r I ; t sis w ov.ld s;i!l be i'mimi there, and ttnclmstened , amid t. ii. .And it the recollection ot common | dinger.-, in wlm't the people of these ( iiit-t! I ."tates stood side l.y side against t!:ccommon foe ; 1 the memo: y ot vi.-tor:es won by their united v nior: i the p.o-piiify ami Imppimss they have enjoyed j . t:m:er lite present consiitutien ; tin, moml name they bare as citizens el' this great republic; if ali these rccohectirits and proofs of c, mmon in'errst : are not strong enough to bind ns together as one i people, vv hat tic will miitcd the lew divi-ions ‘ of empire, when these bonds have been broken and this t'mon ili-severed ! The first line of sep- : siratimi would not last for a sinple ireneration : ' new fragments would 1"> torn off; new letidrrs ' w on'd si>ting ti]>: and this great ami glorious re public would soon l>e broken into a mtthitmlc ofi petty Simes, vvilhont comin.'-rce. witlmnt cro-iit; ' , jealous o: one aumh -r ; armed for mulnel a?gres- I sum : loaded with taxes to pay armies aw , lead- ' ers ; seeking aid again-t emh other from foreign! pov. e.s if>. liked and trampled upon by the natiotl- ;i i I’.mopc. med h erass <1 with eo' Jbctc, :l; «i : ' hmr.bli'd and <li l> is ■ I in spirit thev wo.dd [>e rea- ! 'dv to -id.nut to thi‘ absolute domin'ir a an.v mil- nary a t' enmr.'r, an > to siirrettd r their liberty for 1 the sake of repose. It is imm ssib’eto look <m the I c.m eqm-uces th i- w n'd inevitably follow th des ' !; t:e:ion of 'his Gov' rnu’e' j. ami not feel indig- ' mirn when w<- hear cold c:;!eulati< ns about th • ' value "I tin. I'liron. and haves', constantly before I ■'-a lineal conduct so 'Vidl caletdated to weaken I | There is too nrtu hat stake to allow pride or | b» ip ;r,cure your n Xrver f«>r a i iif.an t;t b. ii, v i-th i,•'tho g ea> I’mlv of lhe citizens i . f any S; itc ot Stams can delib-ratclv iuwml to! ulo w rong, i'l- v may. mid-r th' infliiem- of ■ tempo:nry excitement or misguided opinions.) i commit mist d,es ; they may be misled for a time : tty tile sugges ,on- of -elf in <re t ; l.m in ;1 c ,„ n | mtinify so, u ivliteued and p :t.i<.tii- a- the people i oi tho i'mt d St ites. arguments will soon mi ke ! ■ them ett.-ib'e ol tin irerrors ; and, w hen convitt- ' I eed. they will be ready to repair them. If thev 1 hive m> :.:g'.' r or b. tter motives to govern them I i iiwy v. id .it leist perceive that theii own interest i ! :•< <;mr< s :h ill to lie jt:- i to others as they hope to I ' ,eci iv e ju-iii < a: th. 1/ h imis. But in ord. r t„ mai>:t:>iti the Union im:mpa"ed. i i >lis ah olutely tweessary that the laws pas-ed by ) . ■ the con-tituted autfi..rilles stnoild be faithfully <■’ e’ : ' ; <.ute<i i:i omrypaitoi the country, and t.hat everv ■ ' good citiz; it should, at ali times, stand ready to j put down, wi'dt theimmbii.ed force of tiw nation, j : every attempt at unlaw ltd rcsistiiiic". timlct wlmb ' ’ ever pretext it m.ty be made, or wlt.ilevei shape j , it may a—mite. Lucousiiintiunai or oppressive laws may sometimes ue pas ed by Uoitgress.either ' ) Irom er:o n ous views, or lhe want of due con- I ! sideriition; 11 they are w irtini the reach ofjudi | i cial ..utlioitiy, lhe rem; d/ ts easy and peaceful; ; I and it, Ui.m the iln.r..<ter oi the law , it is an a- Imse of power not w iiiim the control of the jmliei- 1 my, then free di-ctisstoii and calm . ppeal.stu tea- I i -on and to the JU,two ot tiie people will not fall ' io red,ess the wrong.—l.uf until the hiw shnli be ! ■ deelar.d vutu Uy tne courts, or tepealed by Con- ! gi'c-s, no tudivu.uaJ, ot ccniuimitimi of individuals, ; I can bejusitfied m tmciidy restsimg its execution.! ; it is iu.possiide tlt.it any Government can cotititi- | I tie to exist upon any oilier jinuciples. It would ! > eato l.e* a Govennmnt. amt be unworthy of • .lie mime, i: it tiad not the puwet to enforce the! : xei titiuti ol its ovv u law s w itinu its own sphere of i : action. I it is true that cases may be imagined disclosing > such a se.tied purpose <>l usurpation and oppres sion, ou ;i>e part oi Hie Gove; mm m, as vv oulil jus i uty au appeal to arms, 'lltese, however, tire ex treme cases, vv ln.li wo iiavo no reason to a'.jire lieud tn a Government where tiie power is tn tiie minds at a panimic people ; amino citizen who : mvesias coumrj vv otilu, m any ease wlbitevet.re .-oi tio lorcdne resistance, uu,ess h« ciear.y saw I iii.it Lie lime tiad come when a freeman should preltr death to sui mtssioii ; tor ii such a le h unit: tn gun, mid the citizens of otic secilon ’oi ti,.:; o.nilrj arrayed tn arms agam ,t tlmse ol aaotii erm lambll;;! conflict let the battle rCst.lltis It may, there wilt be an emi ot ine Lm-.ni, an t. vvnliit an eim to th. h<>j»cs of i.eedom. Tim v le.ory o< the uijUreit would not secure to them tin; lae.-sing ol "■•.•ity; it vvomd avenge then* wrongs, %ut ttcy would tbciuselves sliare in the common ru nt. But the constitution cannot be maintained, nor ( die I. mim p.esciv'ed, m opposition to ptmhc leei mg, by tne mere cxeHioii oi th..* coercive power : comided to me v.eai riii i.ovt; nnient. ’I lie lotiii | rn.tmn.s must l.e Lm; n> t| lv aliectmns of tin p *;,n r • m tueseiurrty n gnes io Ine, hm rij, c.,„r eier’ ..ml pro,,. r;j. m every quart, rot the . orndry , mm m me il.ueinai auaemm nt wim it ti:e Ciiiza ns ol Uie several .Stales beario om: uiiolm’i* as members ol on? |>o;it:c..l l.iimly, mutually promote the hap; incss ol em.li otiu r. !•< | K< ? the ciliZt u.s id . very .-tale stiould stmliotisly avoidev cry thing calculat.-.d to wound the M'lisibiitty or oil; tl'l me JU,I pride of lite pecpl of othci .Suites; amt tin y siioiilu trown upon any proc. idui sw rl ' - '■• "■■•■ >mr..; r, luelv to m-.i’.n, ||„. irm.-pm,,, j'.i tie po,.m al lirellnei; m other pi nions of tIJ. inoit. in a cotimry so extensive a, the f tiipd •Mates, ami Willi I Uismts veiled, i!,o iimimd : ri n iil.itiou, of ;ln .-mv;ral States, mils: freqimnijv i1.1.'.r I;, m • tie am lln r in tnq orti tit [tarla ulais ami ildsmff. me 1, tmavrndtdny nicie.isi <i Ih'iJk' varytus, [aim i, ie, upon which the American coh, me, were m p'.mied ; pi imipi. , u | ll( | Had mkcu deep root tn their snei.J relation, lief,. the Revolution, amt. ihereiore, of tie; easily iitiia em ingthe [miiey Sl m e tiicy l.ecani" flee and i,i,| e . I.i'iiil. nl. .••.ales. f .nt em ii .State inis ilie ntiques imiialde hjHii to requisite nsown intetit d com i ins : ..ccordmg m it,ovv u pleasure ; ami while it dm no. nmrleic witii die ti, bis of the people of i,t| )u .'-tales, oi. Ilie iizliH ol lite I tij< n. every St I; I must i.e tin; sole judze ol Hie measures proii. i to I ■ cuic tii. salely ol iKeni/.i n, am! pion.ole iheu I happiness; mui all t fforis on the |.; rt of tiie p ( .„ ■ pic ol oilot ; I I; to . a.sl odium iq.on their iu.ij. i "im.i.s, amt a:| im*a;,mesi*ali ulat. d Io disturb ihei.* : . izlds of j.ropcrty. or to put in Jeopardy tlu ii j eace . ai..l im. rm.i tranquility, are in oireci opjiositioh to I ilie>| i.it in v hi< Ii the I nion was foiim u, amt must 1 endanp. rtf--al. ty. Motives of philantlnopy i l|!n lie assigned lor this uuvv ai ri n': Ide ii.tcrfi lence : j and w eak lucct m .y pelstitlde ill' lil-elv< s Io a mo- | niont tiial ’ln v me l.d" tin:: in thecmi'i' ot lium in- . ilv. ami iieriiiig t!i. ■ ig '.I - '* biima i race.l I ill every one, upon s. Iwr rel'b ( lirni. vv ill -co ill ■! ' ; nothing hut mischief caneome irom these imi r. p | er assaults upon the f, e!in;s and l ights id' i.tilers. ' Best assured, dial, the men found buxy in tins | wink of discoid are not worthy ol your eon [ lidi ncc, mid deceive your strongest reproli.i tion. In the li'gi'la'ien of Con-tress, and in) . every n,ensure of the to-ueral Government, jii-ticu , ! to rv< I V peiliou of the United States should lie In it h I rd! v ohrci'vi'd. No l.ee (,'ivei timcnt tail , stand wiih mt virtue in the people : mid a lofty ) spirit of patriotism "lid if the sordid ( dings of! mere sclii-hne:.- slid! ntu p the place which migiii | to lie Cdli-d bv public spirit, the legislation of Con- ; gross will soon be converted mto a sc: amide fori peisonal mid sectional iidvmit ige-. I'uder our i liee institution:: the citi'.'.' t'.s of i very quarter id , ) our Country are capable of attaining a high degree ■ of prosperity mid kappint ss, vvidicut seeking to profit themselves at the expen-e of , 'hers ; and j everv such :itt< nipt nie. -t in the one fail to succeed. , I for tiie people in eve. y part of the Uuiled States! j are too erdigh:. ned not to miderstnnd their own | rights and interests, mid to detect mid d, feat every : I effort Io gain undue advantages over them, ami I w hen such designs are discovered, it naturally pro ■ ' vokes resenlments which cannot always he easily j ! allayed. Justice, full and ample insi'ce. to every I ! portion of the United States should be the ruling: j prim ipie of every In etnan am] should guide the! i <f"lil>eratious i f ev< ry public body whether it be i ! L ttt'o ornniional. i It is well known that there have alvvavs been . ) those amongs't us who wish to enlarge the power ! !oi the Generil Government; nd experience | ; would seem to indicate there is atend' nev on tit : ) part ol this Govermnce.t to oveistep the houuda j ries marked out fur it bv th" constitution. Its I b ultimate atilhori’v is ai.undmit'y siiflicicnt for al! i tl.e purpo.-es for which it was created ;and its pow ers being expressly cnunteialcil. iheu can be no justification for claiming any thing bevond them. Every attemjit to exercise power beyond these limits should be prommlv ami firndv opposed . cor evil example will lead to other measures still j mote mi.-i'luevemis ; and if the piiiiciple of con- | struelivc pow ers or supposed ad' outages <>: torn j ■ jioriry cireumstmices shall ever he permitted to) j justify th assumption of p paver unt giv«-;t bv the constitution, the •'enera’. flGovermnent will before . long nhsnrb al! the pov ( <r« of legislation, and von j will have, in ekeet. but. one con olidated Govern | meet. I'rom th;" oxten" of on " country, its diversified | ■ iut.-rets, de erent tau-m's mid different habits. . it is too ohv unis tor nrgmnetir, that a single con i solid iron (r i'erom 'iit would be wholly inode-i iquoto to Witch over its interests; mid every i friend of cur free institutions should be always i prepared to tn lintaiu unimpaired ami in full vigor) . i’ii' rig*,;- mid server-igntv of th. S ates, and to | eon t>- 1;. the ."te’i'm ofttr- Gen; rtl Government strict ! :ly ’.l'he sphere <d'its oppropriafa ihtfivs. There i ji -rhaps no one of th ' powers confer- | I red tin th.- Ih-dei:;) government so Ii ble to abuse } us :h.' t tying power. Th : nm<t |>rod::ctivc ami jco ivetii. nt s uirces of revenue were nercssard. > ! given to it. th it it might b? able to perform tnc impmt.mi duties imposed n;»ni "t ; am! :h? tax;:.- ! •winch il lay- upon lomimrce being conee.i.e,; ■ ) from du- real pajier in the p.ric • of the artie e ) ib.y d > not so rcaui!, attract the attention of tin j people a- n .her sums, demanded ti '/m luem u-. ; I ihe tax gatherer. istit the imposed on goods enhances by so ! 1 rmicii tile pr.cvs o* Uh commo Uyao tile ion um I ] er; its m :t:y oi Ui<s duties me 1 . pos, d <m i I lisits ol iigccsstl;,. vvmcit me d.u.y Used :>y tiie: ■..re.it tmuj oi tile p.opiu. the ttimiey r ised iiv ! I iiiwitupom, i.i'.,„u i.oui tiaii p.ici, is. Con ; ildb »4U fl, ill. U.ilkl liic CtMLaUlmltOU, tO Hike • I inoik j lac pt.Gpic, Utdcs.y u u required to | I c.,,1 .utc -UIUJ one ... im speem, ,1 p;,w, r.- i.n rtfs leu | 'to govermucui; uu.i u the , raue mure (li.i.t i- tie I cc.-».i>y lor siu li pa. pu»e.', it c, an ..i.u,,c of tin power oi i. xian.i.. ... u m jm.; . u.; ,q>j.: i. site. 1 ■ ur y , mUcvu, it . . p, o, 111 .1 ,lie lev,:.me vv lit -ome • datu vxi t.y.. Hi.. ii.lt ...i l. i J .iiic,i wu. o lue i.:.\ (w i.vie irtio. V, u, u, i.0..e.< <. ilu is aseeriam I ell i. io rvu..c- dmu, ..nd Hl -Uim a ease, n | Is uaq.wswmmmy the uu.j ui ,11c G.ivermuei.l io' afUutu L»‘-v I**, lu. aa Ci. uu.h^l.,iivu» cktijii ,|,t j t : 4H |JA’.G-I.vi b ivai to it i.\ lhe cun ! ;&tl.U.iuU, i»wf .ii iiic inudc; oi t iv i ; i.CGpiu, UncUili, Uv4 uvudcu juf lilt* l. ! om.ls ol Use Cju.LiU..lcUt. J • i idlli ..a tilUov pi'.ilc.jmUx <lppC«il‘ t'.« 1)C, YOU U ill ! jUI fuid luett UiciC IS •* ciicil L./ iaUUCc ’ I.JC UciiLTdl UU',U';n».'.ik b> Uu-j Oi.lG UIU ll.lj'.i Ot n.> i.JXiD o ponui, and in imp., l* num c< s ‘ iniiuciio uj.uU mu pu«)j ic. ?»lan ? jO.VcHm UH . i ca.s arc ex uduuai jat r.x • r .cu c er. v du • lies <>u cuiiitbu I Cu, duu lo h’duli lii.j iCVCIHio be tuud the • udi ol Uju pu-.1.c-■'vrvjce , and ' j lhe caun.ij ii<»b a.iu.ai» ini t ic iii u iir:ou.'> cEvc.s ol | ih«.b' cuaibiik'• Hi.iueuuuis. 'i'iisiy succeeded jn oi) il oLuli Ui Glides LllUsl U pUfC.'.'-i Vi ] V u.j Hie ..1 and I and p«'uuiuiii o <t EvVunce ii.at could noi be | Wtii.iii uic rui*x<‘ °1 ide lh>v. <■ i* cons, r c:i I upon Cultures.., ms.i, m order to f.is tn upon th. I people tuis unjust mm unequal system ot taxatim:. I ex,r.ivag„ul .-cbetucs oi internal mprov e:tn ui i were got up, in V'.oious qu.ii'Kr.-, to squander the ! mom? ami to pmcaase support. Thus oim tm- ■ cousliimt.mal mc..su;e, was m. tided :o u.- ti;:;i..l,i j l>y another, ~u.. the mn:se of tue power of tax.iii. n I was io be mmiimiitcd by lis.irpmg tiie (tower <>t 1 e'Xpcttomg tile mi.ucy la inter.-..:i improvements. i. ou Ciitiuut have torgo,tea lite seve e and.'loubt i tul stru;giu tin,.ugh which we giassed. when the I Executive Izepaiimeui oi the I mv.-i nmem, by Us ■; veto, endeavored 'a arrest this piodi;/,.! sciteme ot . i'.ijusacc, mid t» iiriug baea the iegtsi.it ton of Con •j gress to the iiouud.'.iies prescribed by the con-tt tiitlou. 'I lie gmm sense :atd [littciienl mdgment ': of tiie people, when the subjecl »a» I;. oil, hl he 1 tore tnem, sustained tiie course I the Executive , ami tins pitm ol uncoils.uulu.n.J expetidi.u.e tor the purpose ot corrupt iuiluuuces is, j trust tin .in, j ovetthrow u. T lie rv.-ult of this decision has been fija ii in the raptii exluio'uisiimcnl ul the public ■ ! debt, .nd tiie lurye iiccuitiul.ition <>‘i ;i stir ! plus in the tn iisiirv, ttotwitltsiatidinw |i.,. tuiiU wits .educed, and is now very tar be i ) low the amount originally contemplated by •j its advocates, but, rely upon it, the de ’ sign to collect an extravagant revenue, anti J to burden you with taxes bevond the tcono ! uncal wauls ol the Government, is not y< i t abandoned. Tiie various inteiests whi*h ! have combined together to impose a heav v larili, audio prodine an ovet lion tug treasn -1 ! iy, tire too strong, and have too nniclt at J stake to surrender tiie contest. The cor . ' porattoiis and vwaitiiy iuuiv iduals who ar; i I engaged in large iiiaiiufacturnig estaldish ’ i me,. I-, desiie a high larili to im reuse their ( gains. Designing politicians will sttjiport , it, to conciliate t,.eir favor, and to obtain i | lite means ot proluse expenditure, forth; ' purpose ol puri basing inlluviice in other ■! quarters ; and since tjie people have dcci . • ‘.ten that lhe i 1 edi t al Gov i i iitiien! < ahttol be - j p< rtnitti ii to employ its income in inie -1 ! mil nnpl oveitieiit.-, < li'orts will be math Ito setime ami litislead the citizens oi I • die sc vi tal .-tales, by bolding out to them, y i the dt < tit lit I prospect <d b; m lit to be th rt . ! vt d Irom a surplus revt nm ctdlei ti <1 by the ■jGemial Gov i 1 1. mt nt, and annually divided i aiinmg the states. Ami if etieoiiraged by . I llie.-e laliacioiis hopes, the stales should di- : egard lh<‘ pritictp ■ - ol economy which • | o'ghl to cliai aei, i ize ivi ry r< pnlilii an ) Govet mtn nt, ami sltotild iiioulge in lavi-h i i xpendiltucs rxcci ding tl.eir icsoiiiri s tin y I wid, lit lull" I'Hig, lind then selves opprcssei- I w Uli th ills whu ll tin v ate tin ,ihie topay , am: 1 | the ltiiiptatii.il will bc< ott.e it rt s:st ible to i support a high lariti, in order to <d tutu •> -nrpltis tor distribuiion. I) i not allow yimisi ivis, ti y fi ili vv tiii /.i n-, to In- misled <ti this mlj« it. r l | , li'deial Gov > i iiiuciit itiiiiuii tullfii n -a ■- plus lor such put post s without vio'taiiiig STANB Ail B 0 F UN 10 A I :e prim iples ol the constitution, ami a-su- j . imm.. powers, vvhiili have no! ba it maul ‘s, uioi' o\e , a sy-tem of' injustice i I and, il pi r-isted i,, ( will inevitably lead to i j cori ttpiitin, and must end in ruin. The ■ i stirplus I'l'venue will be drawn from the i I poi ki ts <d the people, front lhe tariner, th ! i ■ mei h:mi<", ami lhe lalmt itig classes oi snci ! i j <'ly, bill vvim will Hn t ive it when di.-po-cd j ; j ot by leading ISiale politicians who have I | ll'tends tn lavor, and political p irli-atis, to | < I gratify f It wdl certainly not be returned j I to tin se who paid it w h<> have most need <>fl ! :i, aal arc Imnesi'y enti.tlcd to it. There ; i is but one sale rule, and that is, to confine [, j the General Govi rnmeiit rigidly vvil'iin tin I sphere cd its appropriate duties. It has no [ , power to raise a revenue, or impose taxes,! | exccjit for the purpose t numerated in tin . constitution ; ami if its income is fonml to j exceed these wants, it should be forthwith rum id. ami lhe burdens of the people so I tar lights tied. hi rev iewing the conflicts which ha? ta- I ken places betwten <1 II’; rent interests itt the ) U nited State.-, ami the policy pursued since j the a.'option of our pre.-eut form of Govern-! : inetit, we ftmi nothing that has produced: such deep--t aiei! evil, <s lhe course of !<•-1 j zishition in nlai'n nto the cm rcttcy. The) i constitution oi tlm United Stati s uttqnes-l i tionalilv intended to secure to the people ' 'a circulating medium of Gold ami Silver.: . But the < stat.,!.-I.metti ol a X itioual Bank ! | by Congress, with the privilege of issuing ! [taper money receivable in the payment of: the public ditties, and tiie imforttiiiate i cotuces; f Legislation in the several states ! I'pmi the same subject, drove I’rmn general ( circtila ion the con-titnlhmal ciirrem v, ami sub.-ti’.ttietl one oi j api r in its place. It was not east I r men engaged in tin* | . ordinary ptirsui's ol business, whose atten- : tion had not been pariiruiat I v drawn to the ; subject to fort st »• till the < <m-i quinces of a ! currency exclusively i.f paper; and we 1 might not, on that account, to be surprised | at the facility wit! wlii, h laws were obtain- ! ,ed to carry into >ii i t the paper system. ! IL.inest an.l even eaiiglttene - ! men, are j sima times misled by the specious and plan-, j -ible stateim nts <>f the desigtiittg. 13. it ex- [ ! perimiee has now | rovt d the mist hiel's ami | j dangers <si a piper currency, ami it rests! ! with yon to deii rmine whether the pr >pe ! j re tl,; dy shall be ;q (.lit ti. The paper syst; m bi ing I' ,t;m!ed on’pub- ’ I lit confitb nee, amt h iving' nf it-eli' no in-! ! trntsic vaht ■, it f. lialde to areal am! sudden ■ :il n'tmitions; thereby retid< t ing" property in- : : -ecure, alt.l tiie vv agesol labor mt-mad v and ! j uncertain. The corporations w Inch create I | tile tiaper money cannot tie relied upon to! ! k''Cji tiie ciri ttl.iiing m"ifi:i:ti uiiil'orm in a ■ I iiioanl. Li times oi prosper:! v, wln n con-! .ti fem e i-tngh, the; aie tempted, by the j ; [)< ospect ot gain, or oy the in line nee of those | : who hope to profit by it, to extend their is- ' i sue.- oi p tper be . mi.l the bounds of discr; - I I tmu ams tiie retis.malde .lemamls n| bit-mess. 1 I An.l wa. ti these issu s l ive been piis ed mt. I I. om day to day, until public cotifid nce is .a; lenglli shak; ti, then a ri -.n t’t'iti lake pi.ice ami liny imaa-diately withdraw the 'Cfe.it they have given; -idiiitily curtail ■ lm ii issue-; and product mi unexp' cted and ruiniUs coutrai timi ol the cit itilatin.' me-: ilium, vv lm n is it it I> v th' while cmr m uni: y. . i lie o iiias, ity’ tai, mea ts, -:iv;• tll.'tliselves, ! mid tiie mis; iiiev on, cotisi tp.u u<*es of their: ! mtpl'miimcr ami. cupidity ar;* vi-ited ii|mn lit piitihc. Nor does the evil stop here. These ebbs ami 11 iws in the currency, and: [ these imttsi reel extensions of credit, until-' rally eugeu ;<*r a spnii <.f culalum inju f l ions io tiie Inmil- amfcliaracter of' tiie jh o . pie. Ur e li.l ve already seen it-effects in the! ■ wild sptiil oi -pec .1 itm.i in (he pu ; lie - fmtd-; and v-triom- kinds ot stock, whi. h, within lite Lt.-i y var or two, seized upon -m h a iniiittlrtde oi our eitizen-, ami litre-ttmed to pervade ail classes of society, and to! : wi'imraw their atti ntimt from the sober pttr siinsci honest i dus'rv. It is md by en e.mr.igi.ig th:- -pirn l.iat we simll best pre serv'? public vti iti • and promote tiie trim in ti rest ol our country. But if your cur rency contiimes as exclusively paper as it now is, it will luster this eager desire to .laia-s wea.t.i without latmr; it will multiply tae no miter ol dependants on batik aceom j modations ami baik favor..; the temptation to obtain momy at any saciiftce will be-' ; come slioiigt r ami stronger, and inevitably I lead to corrupiiott, which will find it, wav ■ into your public eoum ils, mid destroy, at ! m> distant day, the puri y of <mr govern itmiit. borne <>i theevtis w hich ari-e front | this system o! paper, press with peculiar j b.irdslitp mt the cl iSs of society least able Ito Iti.of it. A po: turn of this < nrrenry trv j qfit iply bei <mu s < i’p, < emit d or v.'ortidi's-', I mill mi oi it is e islly cotiiitetdeited, in such a immiter as to ri'tpiire iiec.uli ir skill and ! much experience io ui-tingnish the coimter- ■ii it from tiie genuine n >te. These framls | are most gi-m rally perpetralccl in the small er mt e-, witii It a;.' used in the daily trans i actions <d orcin n v business; ami the losses or; a.-ioned by the., me coumionl', t'-rown ■ I'jtori tin- latmrmg eia.-s of so. iitv, whose 'ini iiion and pursuits put it out of tin ir powi rto guaid Ilirm-t Iva - from the-e im positions, ami v. .i.i-e tim.v wage, are nvces- I ary lor tmir sttb-i -ictice. Il is the duty ol every Government -o to regulate its c.ur- ■ ri ttcy as to pfidei l tins titlin' rmts <1 i-s as . j l.ir as practicable from the impo-iti ms of aV- ’ erice and fraud. it is m ire especially the I duty ol the U i.ited S ales, wln re the Gov : I'ciimei i is tin | hatii ally tie Gi.v et mm mt ol . ■ lite people, and v, licie this ii s| < < table por tion ol <mr < ittzi its aie so pr< tidly distill-' . I gttisi.ed Irom the ialmt mg < la-s< s ot ail wih ! er natiims; by their imi< pend; nt sp rit, their j love i f liberty, their intidii.gtmce <md their ! high time of moral i haracter. T heir in i dust ry , u p.-m e, is the so Hire o'<mr wea Ith; | ! Hid Hu ir lirav erv , in war, has covered its I J " iib glory ; ami the Gov erumen' of the U-, j’ mu d States will but til discharge it- duties ; d it leaves them a prey to sm li dishonest I ; impositions. Yet Ht> cv idei I that th; ir in- j : (• la -t- I'aimot lie < Ili i Imdiv proti i ted, tin ' less stivi r am! gold are restored to circnl..- . The-e views alone of the paper enrreti j. y, are sufiii ietit Io call for imm diate re ; i rm; Ind fin re is aimthcr con-idi ration > w hi; h should still more strongly press it tq>- . cm y our attention. IveceiH event- have proved that the paper money systemof this l onnti v may In* its; d a- an eitgi'ie to undermine y our free insti - iiitiims; ami th t those who desire to eti t gross all power in the hands of the few . mi l to gov e, n by <mnmplt'iii or fori e, are I twareol i:s jmwer, nd prepared to employ | it. Your Banks now I'ltroi-h your only ! i iri ulating me..'mm, and m-mey is plenty or ! scarce, tn cur ing to the quantity of m»'<S ‘ i sited by them. While they have capitals I n.n greatly di-projiorti it 'd in each mi,,, ; they are competitors in bu-im ss. ami no nm ol tin tn can exercise dominion over the rest; and although in the present state of the i iirieney, these banks may and do operate mjiiriimsly Upon the ha ih, of i...,,.|e.-, f,, pec mi try com-erns, a t i lhe nior il ton" society, yet, from tlnir nimbi* md di-in" , ed situation they catimit co idtme for tin purposes of political mfl.tem e; and whate ver may he the dispositions of some ofthenl. their power of mischu f must necessarily be confined to a narrow s ( are, an ! felt on’ ly in their immediate neighborhoods. B it w hen the charter for the B ink of the United States was obtained from Congress it perlected ,he schemes of the paper sys tem, and gave to its advocates the position they have struggled to obtain, from the l ommencement of the Federal Government tlown to lhe present horn*. The immense capital ami peculiar advantages bestowed upon it, enabled H to exercise despotic sway ov*’i* the otm r banks in every part of the country. From its superior strength it could seriously injure, if not destroy, the business of any one of them wimh might itt i tit* its resi-ntnieni, and it openly claimed for it sell’ the povv r of regulating the cur-i rency throughout the United States. Lt ; other words, it asserted (and it undoubtedly j passed) tile [tower to makemoney plenty m* j scarce, at its pleasure, nt any time, mid in ! any q i.uter of the Union, by controlling i theis-ues of other banks, anil permitting an ! exp m,ion, or coiiipellimr a general rontrar- i ti nt ol'titi' circuiati-mi medium, according to j i s own w ill. The oilier banking institu-I turns were sensible of its strength, and they : .-mm generally became its obedient instrti- ' ments, ready at all tittles to execute its man- : dates; ami with th'* Bank - necessarily went, also, that numerous class of’persons in our! commercial cities, who depend altogether on bank credits for theirsolvetx y and means ot' business ; and vvhoare therefore obliged i for their own safety, to propriate the favor of' the money powi rby disiiiigtiisin d zeal ’ and (ievoted in its service. The result of th" ill-adv Led legi-lation which established : this great monopoly, was to concent rate lhe ’ whole irnmeved power, of the Union, with : its Im'in Hess means ol corruption, and its iiii ; merous depend mis, mid t tit* direction and ! command ol one at know ledged head: tlm, : org-aciziiiff this particular im< rest ns one bmld ■ and securing* to ii n-iity and concert of action ! thro.mb-mt the United Stales, am! enabling j i' tn bring* forward, tipint any occasion, it» '•'Hire undivided strength, to stqtpm t f de feat any measttn sos the Govt rnment. In [tin* han 's of this foi'midahle power, thus perfectly organiz. d, was also placed milimi ted <!o:ninin;i over the ampiHil of tin* < in n ' I 'ting medium, giving* it the power to regu late tiie value of propei ty, and tiie fi nits of labor in every quarter ol' the Union, and to bi stow prosperity, or bring ruin, tipi n any ciiy or s;*cii;m of th" cm itry, as might b st com:'in i with its own interest or j> di<*y. We are not est to cot'j *ctiire bow lhe mo neyed power, tims org iniz 'd, am) w:th Sin ti a weapon in its ham',, would be likely to use il. Ihe distress and alarm which per vaded and agit iied the vvlmle <*<>tintrv, whi n lhe id I- k oi tla* Unit 'd Slates waged war ttpoii Hu* people, i:i order to compel them! to submit to its dt m m i-, < amiot yet be | forgotten. I tie ruthless an i unsparing I temper vv it It which whole < i ies and i tmimu .lilies were oppre-sed, iadividmtls i i pover- ! isjied and ruined, ami a cene of cheerful ! prosj.eriiy suddenly* i hanged into one of g.iiom and despo idency, might to b- indel ibly nit, ressed mt the memory i f t: e peo ! pie ol lhe Uuifed S ates. If sin h was its ! p wet* in a time ol p. ace. what would it not nave lie. ti in a s itsoit of war w ith an enemy ai y our doors ?—No nation Imt the f'reemen ol tile Untied Slate-, emit! have com.*' out I victorious irom such a contest ; yet, il’ you I had not conquered, the Gov et mnetit would | hav<- pass.id from the bands of the many to I the Lands oi the few ; and this organized i ! money power, from its secret conclave, ! would have dictated the choice of your highest officers, and compelled you to make : peace or war, as best suited their own wish ! es.—The terms of your government mig'rt, lm* a lime have remained, but .its livittgsuir it would have departed Iron; it. Tne distress and s inflicted on the people by the bank, are some of the fruits oi’ that system of policy w hich is con ! tiimaliy striving to enlarge tiie authority of tiie Federal Governm nt beyond the liti’iits fixed by the constitution. The pow ers enu merated in that instrument do not confer on Congress the right to est»bli-h such a cor poration as lhe Bank of the United Stales; and the evil consequences which followed may warn ns of the danger of departing from the true rule of construction, ami of permitting temporary circumstances, or the hope of better promoting the public wel fare, to inflm nee, in ant degree, our de< i sioiis upon the extent of lhe mitlmrity of t'ie general Giivernnu'til. Let us abide ; by the constitution as it is w ritten, or amend it in the cotriiimitmal mode, if it is iettmd to be Selective. , The severe lessons of experience will, I ! doubt not be sufficient to prevent Congress from again chartering such a monopoly, even if the constitution did not prevent an insuperable objection to it. But yon must remember, my lei low-citizens, that eternal vigilance liy the peoples the price ofTiber ty ; and th it you must pay the [trice if'yon w i,h to secure the blesssi.ig. It behooves you, therefore, to lie w at' lilul in vmir States, •is well as in ’he Federal Government.—The power which the money interest can vv i ' ■ ise, wh m conceit trail'd timler a single head, I ami with y our pri sent system ol' currency , j was sufficiently <h immstrat'd in the sti tiggh made by tiie Batik of' th" United Stan -. Del ated in the General G .v rnment, th -ante class of i 'trigu is and poliitctatts wi I now rit-oit to lite State-, ami end avour t > obtain there the same orgmiir. iti .-it, which they l iiled to per. eluate in the Union ; I ami ity spreimts and dec-t itlul plan- of |.nb- Hie advantages, Slate inti rests and Slate I [>|i *e, they w ill endeavor to e-talilisli, in the ! liitt'crcnt State.'., one numi y< <1 mstitiit on I w ith overgt* >w n capital, amlexcliisivepi iv- I lUgcs, sufficient to enalil.' it to control tiie operati ms of’ the B ink-. S ich an iuslitu | ti"ti will be pregti uit with the same evils produced bv the Balli. “I Lhlilrd Stales, although its sphere of a- ''t"* l '*■ ttmte con fined ; and in the State in ' vli cl *’ 18 1 bar tered. the m<>n 'v power will b<' «ible to im b.idy its vvHole streugth, sit'd to move lo getin r with imdiv ided force, to aci , ’mi'li-h any olij'icl it may wish to attain. You ita; e already bad abundant evidence of |!s [xover to infln t mj try upon tiie agricultural, mechanical and laboring clas-es of society ;' and over those whose engagements in Iraoej or spt culalioit render tiiftn dept miant <m bank facilities, the dominion of ilie State | monopoly will be absolute, and their obedi- I ence unlimited. Witn such a paper cur-! rency, the money power would, in a few; years, govern the Slate and control its mea sures ; and il a sufiicient number of’State-, j can be induct d to create such estab.i-hmei.t ,! the time will soon come when it will again: take the field against th? United Slates, and succeed in perfecting and perpetuating its organization by a charter from Con gress. Il is one of the serious evils of our pte seut system of banking that it enables one class of society—and tha'. by no means a numerous one—by its control over lhe cur rency, to act injuriously upon the interests ol ail the other-, and to exercise more than its just proportion ot influence in political , afiairs. The agricultural, and- mechanical,! mid laboring classes, have little or no share m the direction of the great monied corpo rations; ami irom their habits and the na ture of their pursuits, they are ittcapable of forming extensive .combination to net to- | gethvr witti united force. Sut il concert oi l action may sometime be produced, in a sin gle t ity, in a small district or country, by j means of pei>ottal cmummiicatiuns with j each other; but they have no regular or j active Corti spondettce w ith tlio-e wh" are [ettgageii in similar pursuits m distant pla ices; they have but little patronage t > g.ve j to itti press, and ext rctse hut a small -hare : "I influence over it ; tin y have no crosd of ' dependents about them, who hope to grew j t ich w itiiQut laiior, by tm-ir ■ onntenance land iavor ami who are therefore, alway | ready to execute their wishv*. Tne plan lei, lhe larmer, the mcebauir, and lhe lalto ! rer, ail know that tm ir -uc; . ss <'e t ends up* on their own industry and e<or.omv, ami I that they must not exp <*t t h one su iden ly l icit by the H itits ot tm ir toil. A< t lln-sc classes oi society form the gn tit 1.0. y of lite people ot tin U. S. they are the bone I mtn smew of tin* country ; nun who love libei ty ami desire nothing Imt < qual rigid ; and equal law , and wint moreve , hold tin . great ma.- of our national weal!) although it is dlsti .bitted in modeiate amomti- among lhe millions of ireemen who possess il. But, with ovi rwheimntg numbers and wealth mi their .-ide, they are in constant danger oi losing then influeinein the go : vermnent, mid w ith difliculty maintain th; ir ■ just ii.,iits again t Hie im- ssant <*fl''i t- daily > made to eu rum Ii upon them. Tiie mis -1 ciiiel springs horn die power which the mo ney co ititi'K st derives liom a paper ctirren u*v, vv tiii.ii they are able to control; from tile multitude of corporation*, and exclu- ■ site prtv deges which they Lave succeeded jin obtaining in tiie difl'erent States, mid : w Bit'll are employe d a I tog e. her for their ben efit ; ami unless you becou e more wmch- I tai in your Stales, and diet k this spirit of | it onopoly mrlihirs; fur exclusive pri iUges I you w ilt, in the end find that the most iu:- I imrtant powers of goveriim mt Ii ive been given or ba; i, r"d aw iy, and the control < - : veryottr dearest interests has passed into I lhe hands ot these corporali.m-. j Ihe paper money sy stem, and its n itnral • associates, monopoly and exclusive privile ges, have already struck heir ions det p dt the soil; and it will require all your ef forts to check its further growth, and to e radicale lhe evil The men who profit by t e abmes an i desire to perpetuate them, wt;l c iitHiue to besiege the hails ofleuL laiion in the General Govt rnni' iit, as well as in the States, and will seek Ity ev< rt arti fice, to mi-lea f mid diceive t e public ser vants. Ii is to ourselves th d you must I look ibr safety mid tin means of guarding | and perpetiiatingyour free institutions. In ! your hands is i iglnfufly placed the sove reignty of the country, and to you every one placed in authority is ultimately respott siftle. It is always in your power to see that the wishes of the people are carried in to taiihlul execution, and their will, when i once made know n, mti.-t sooner or later he j obeyed.—And w hile the people remain, as i iru-t they never wil*, uneorriipted and iircoriuptiole and conti ate watchful mid jealous of their rights the Government is safe and the cause of freedom will continue to triumph o> er nil it-enemies. But it will require sternly and persever ing exertions <m your part to rid \ ourselves j of the iniquities and mischi. f- of the papet I sy.-tem, ami to check lhe sjiiiit of monopo ly and other ahu-e- which have sprung up with it, and oi w hich it is the main stipi ort. S.I tnatiy inteie-i.-a e united to re-i-t ah ■ reform on tm- t, that you must not I hope tin* conflict w ill be a short one, no* ! sit< evs- easy . My humble effort- have imt j het'ii sp ircd, during my adminis rain>n < (’ j the G.t > erntmmt, t.*> restore the con t tut <>t - :al cm rency ot go d and silver, and some thing, 1 trust, Ims been done towards ti e I accpmplislmn nt of this most th s t* :ble oh- Iject. But enotih yet remains to require I all your energy and |et s< v?t a-< t. Tl* [tower, however, is in your hands, and tlt> remedy must and will be applied if you ; e t*.*i mine upon it. 'V hili* 1 am thus endeavoring tn press uji <m y our attention l.e principles wh-ch I deem of vital importance in lite detm-ti< < oucertis m the coiuitrv, I might not to pas over, without notice, the im; orta; t cottsid er hi ns which should go'ecu von poli v towards foreign [towers. It i-.impieslion ably , our tru< inteiest to cull i vale t e most frieildly undeistand ng with t v tv umiim. hi a to avoid, Ity every h movable man- tin calamities ill war; and vv? shall It st idtaii tins olij; ct by fra: Kit ss and smeerity in o foreign in.enouis, by tiie prompt an. t'.iithf.d e.xecmion of tr aiies, and by ji: - lice ami inqiai i laliiy in onr conduet to al ■ But no tmtioi , however i esirou-; of | e i< e ■ ■ n I'ope i<> e iape o casimial c ;li-io - Ivv 'uh nth’ rp< wet*s; ,'id i lheSimndcsld < tales jot t obey icqmt*;* that vv ■ should plate one 's Ivis mac; n iitiirn to ;ss< rt <ur rights, it | a result to I n*' e *t mid ever |>t come neces js.try. Our local situ.it on, <ur long line <> M'i coasi, indr tiled by the numerous I,at w ith d< < p rivers op niug into the interior, a w ell as ottr extended and still increasing , cornmt-Ti e, point to the navy as our natural means <4 den nee. It will in the end, be found to be tiie < In apt st and most effectual; • and now i-the time m the season of peace, • and with an ovetflowing revenue, that we i ca uyt ar alter y ear add to its str ng th, w ith i out increasing the burdens of the people. It ; is your true policy. For your navy will imt only protect your ricn and Nourishing c/miiiierce in distant seas, but will enable you J" I'vai b mid annoy the enemv. and jwiil gi :*e to defence its greatest efficiency, by uttnger ala distance front home. Il is impossible, by atty line of forlifica ! lions to gitaru every point front attack a gaiiist a hostile ft.rces advancing from the : ocean and select! g ii? object ; but they are I indispensable to protei 1 cities Irom Imm ; banimetil, duck yards am! ji-ivals arsenals from d. structioti; to give shelter to mer chmt vessels in time of war, and to single ships of weaker squadrons when pressed by superior force. Fortifications of this de* scriptioiis cannot be too soon completed and armed, mid placed in a condition of the most perfei t preparation. The abundant means we now possess cannot be npplied in atty mamier more useful lotlie country; and when this is done, and our naval forces sufficient!, str< ngtliened and our militia ; armed, we need not fear that any nation vv id-vatHonly insult us, or needlessly pro voke hostilities. We shall more certainly preserve peace, a vvhen it is well understood we are prepared for war. In presenting to you, my fellow-citizens, [ these parting comtseß, 1 have brought be i Io e you lhe leading principles upon which . 1 endeavored to administer the Government tn lhe high oflice with which you have twige ; honored me. Knowing that the path of freedom is contitHially beset by enemies, wDo oticn a.-stime lhe disguise of friends, 1 have devoted the l ist hours of my public life to wan you o l ' the d ingers. Ti e pro gress ol the United states, under our tree and fl ippy institutions, has surpassed the nmst sanguine hopes of the founders of the republic. Uttr growth has been rapid be- ■ ymid ail fnmtt* example, in numbers, in wealth, in knowledge, and all tile useful arts vv bn ti contributed to lhe comfort and con venience o man ; a*t I from the earliest ages of uistory io tin* present d iy, rli< ie never Have been tlmteeii millions of people asso ct i e i together in one politial body, who en- I joyed so mm Ii freedom ami happiness, as ' | tiie p< opie of these U'nittd States. You h ive tm loner any cause to fear danger *: lr<mi abro.ut ; y our strength and power are welt knovv" throughout the.civ ilized world, i as wed as toe iiig’ii and gallant bearing of I your soils. It is Iron; within, rmongyour- • ' selves, Irom cupidity, fiom corruption, from ■ disappointment ambition, and inordinate 1 tmi'-t tor tiowt r, that factious will be for.n- :ed and liberty endangered. Il is against sum designs, whatever disguise the actors may assume, th it you I a e especially to • gaard yourse ves. You have the highest | oi human trusts committed to your care, I lovitieine has showered on this favored 1 laud, i>l .-sings wnho.it number, and has ■, ciioseii you . s the guardi m of freedom to I pres; rv e it lor the benefit of the human race. 1 -d iy H<*, wito ho d- in his han 's tie dest nes ot nations, make y ou, with pure hearts a >d pine ha ids, and sleepless vigilence, to gu'ard mid defend to the end of time, tie • gieatelt rge he lias cotnmiiied to your keep- ■ mg. > j My own race is nearly run ; advanced age and tailing heal,lt warn met a*, before long ’: 1 must press beyond the reach of human afiairs. 1 thank God that my* life his been spent in a land <tf liberty, and that he hat given me a heart to love my country with 1 the afiecti.Hi ol a son. And filled withgral itude lor your constant and unwavering kindness, 1 bid you a last and affectionate farewell. ’ ANDREW JACKSON. [ From the Aiacon Messenger. '’Absence oj JJind. ' — lnnumerable instan ces are refeteu by our cotemporaries, in all parts ’ ot the couniry, snowing tiie disease to be of a ■ national citaiaclcr. zVrnong the /uftsi! remark aoie cases Him have come to our knowledge, are i tiie following: A lady m Boston, on retiring to bed, in an at- • tack ot Hie complaint, took her dog into bed with iter, and sent her infant to the kitchen ! She , did not discover het mistake till the cries of the child alarmed tiie neighborhood ! In 1 niiad"l|>id.t, a lady, after ordering her carnage, through pure absence of mind, sent het Jiusband to nis business, and rode out with ' tne footman 1 She found out Iter mistake after 1 het husband had sued lor a divorce I I A factor m evv Orleans having received - irom a planter a large sum of money withorders. . to invest in Bank stock, in a sudden attack of the nt uejiostted it in at* aro Bank I He never found out Ins mistake, until one eveuim r he was . abruptly accosted by the sheriff'. A young lady irom the country, lately, in stead oi preparing stocking yarn, through pure absence ot mind went to sjnnning street yarn ! ' She never found out tier mistake till her stock- - ittgs were out at lite heel ! One of our subscribers the other day, after t wining us a very compliineinaiy letter, tho year being om, instead of sendi ig ns a five dol- I lai i iti, Irmn .ibs* im* ol in nd at the time, wrote (■ ’*.o st;>i< Ins j.api-i U . faiimau’iv lor us ho llas not ibtiiiu out his mistake vet. Anecdote <j i,u .naiun.— Au Indian chief e having done a small favor tor the first Governor _ ol Cana tn, called tor It s reward. His Excel ? leiicy t< <>K lhe rid mm nto the public store, I o m, and d si ed him to mine what he wanted. I ills savage eyes, after nvaming about for some j :ime, al last settled upon some t How candles i which were su-pmded from a joist. He took ! th. m tbr toroign fruit, sLiat was hung up tot dry. i Ah* take d.;t, said ti e savagi . Ihe Gover— I [ nor handed him two pounds of the candles, ! whiih he tin usi into his l.osem, and went awav web a shed. A lew days at eivvatds the Gov ernor met tin Indian it* ti e si net, and after the u-ti il < onqdinietti, :L;’ to! ow ing Conversation Governm \\ ell, Hutbuck, l.ovv did you like he eandh s ? I ndiiiti— Berry well. (x.veiu r—Have ym In rnt them all vet ? In Jan—Bui n Lint ? I eat him- Go' entor—You ate tla tn I Indian' Yes, I boded him with my corn and at I tm all up. G.iveitmr—And how did thev eat ? Indian—\\ h\, die jruit eat j.errv well, but core sun kin my squaw true, and nearly > Hoke him—that’s . 11. I nrig/itii us C(idi L i— a n . owns indict ed lai; ly in Eitylaml tor slcaiiga ham. I -he i liner who apprehended turn, staled hat the priMiner sa.'d In- had stolui the ham "f the pinpose of beiim prosecuted and i ansporti <l, as he w tts tirnl of liv n ; with •is "if". The jury sou nl the plea ■: ctent, and tl e man was acquitted!.