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furtbe Metiomowies, as ptoviJed tor by the uintli section of lhe act of Juuo thirtieth, eighteen hundred and thirty*four, one hundred and uveu* <y dollars ; For additional compensations to blacksmiths 1 for the Senecas and Shawimes, as provided lor j by the ninth section of the act of Juno thirtieth, : eighteen hundred and thirty -four, two hundred I uud forty dollars; For agricultural assistance for the Sacs ami ' Foxes, in addition to the amount heretofore til lowed, and to which they are entitled by an e quilablo construction of tlte treaties of the fourth of August, eighteen hundred a.id twenty-four,' ami the iillecntli July, eighteen humin*d ana ■ thirty, seven hundred and forty dollars ; tor the purpose ot supplying a deficiency in j the sum applicable to the payment i f <i><iti:.i< ■* for eighteen hundred and thirty-six, can*.-.! by th a retention, ns commissioners ondisbursemem, I by Lieutenant N. J. Eston, United States army, ol this amount, two thousand seven hundred 1 and eighty-nine dollars: Provided always,' That this appropriation shall not be so coiistru - cd as to give any sanction to any disborsmg of ficer in ret: iuiug commissions on any su 1U of money pail by him in pursuance of treat , slip, ulatiuiis ; but, on the contrary, it is stil'. consid ered the duty of tho proper odicei-i to use all legal meins to compel the payment -of said sum vs two tho.nan I seven hundred ax/. eight',-;:ino dollars, retained by Lieut. N. J.. Eaton ; For payment of balance Clue Andrew S. Hughes aud Jonathan L. Bear,, in compliance with an arrangement made with them, Februa ry fourteenth, eighteen hundred and thiriv-two, by the Buperiutend«iit nf fudian Ali’uirs’at St. Louis, in pursuance to instructions from the War Department, si.ucmt hundred dollar* ; For the payment to Cmulcs Rodgers the ap praised value of a dkstilery built by him prior to the actol’ eighteen hundred and thirty-feur, and afterwards destroyed by order of tiie Indi an agents, and for which he was promised in demnity. the sum of sixteen hundred and nine ty-two dollars ; For the purpose ot paying the expenses of two F ox chiefs and their attendants, in coming to the city of Washington, mi necessary business, and retaruiag to their nation, the sum of fifteen hundred dollars; For the purpose of enabling the Secretary of ar to pay a subscription made in eighteen hun dred and thirty, for the Indian department, of fifty copies of the History of the Indian Tribes of North America, «i;h biographical sketches, to be composed of, say, twenty numbers each, the sum of three thousand dollars ; Fur tiie purpose ot tuiiiiiir.g the stipulation ia die twomieta article of the treaty wiui Lie Cuoctaws es the twenty-seventh September, eighteen humite, and thirty, providin'; tor the educa:.*»u of forty Choctaw youths, in i . Jition to the sum heretofore provided, the sum ot two thousand dollars ; for he'ding tho treaties with tin? various tribes of Isdwis east of the Mississippi river, lor the: cettieu of lands held by them respectiv.-|y and their removal west of tho Mtssissipi river, tee thousand dollars ; Tor the purpose ot defray ing the expenses of Eleazor U illiam,, i t coming from Green Bav, and returning home, on business relative to the Oneida Indians, the sum of five thousand dol lars ; For carrying into effect the treaty with tiie Jhnomotiies of the third September, eighteen hundred and thirty-six, two hundred and «ig«ty eight thousand five hundred and forty dollars ; For carrying into effect the treaties with the Potawaumies, of thefitth of August, twentieth, twenty second, and twenty third Sep-ember, eighteen hundred and thirty-six, and eleventh I ebruary, hundred and thirty-seven, seventy three thousand four hundred and twen ty-three dollars ; Fi*®terrying into effect the treaty with the low<Wthe seventeentk September,eighteen dmnc.y jfcpd thirty-six,sixty-five thousand five ninety dollars ; For carrying into effect the treaties with the ■Rsrs and t oxes o! the seventeenth, twntv-sev entli and twenty-eighth September, eighteen .hundred and thirty-six, one hundred md thirty •eight thousand two hundred and tony dollars-; For carrying into effect the m aty with the tQuoesaad Missouriasof the fifteenth October, eighteen hundred and thirty-six, three-thousand dollars; For carrying into effect tho treaty with the Omahas of the fifteenth October, eigijeea Hun dred and thirty-six, two thousand foe’ hundred and seventy dollars ; For carrying into effect tha treaties with the Sioux of tha tenth .September, liftceitii Octo ber and thirteenth November, ei"fftee| Irnn red and thirty-six, one thousand nine Luijiud and fifty dollars ; For pay of four additional sub-agcits, three thousand dollars; , For defraying the expenses of a mere partic •flar examinat.-m of the vacant lndi.it country, couth west of tbo Missouri river, with i view io ascertain its adaption, in quality and ixtent, to I Xhe accommodation of the tribes yet .o be re anoved, • iree thousand dollars ; For fielding treaties with the Sioui Indian: tfo extinguish their title to that part of tieir lands lying east of the Mississippi river, tivetirousauii ■dollars ; For the expenses of a deputation of the New York Indiana to visit the country west <f the Mis sissippi with a view to the selection of a pet wanetu residence, eight thousand doikrs ; Fur the expeases of a deputation of lie Chip- ’ ipewas of Maganaw for the same obect, two ! .thousand dollars; For defraying llio expenses of Hodrick, a Stockbridge Indian, and of two lowty chiefs,' and their attendants, who have visited the seal 1 of Government ou business during tig present j winter, one thousand dollars ; 1- or defraying tiie expenses of a treaty with ’ •the Wyandot Indians of Upper Smdu.skv, in ! the St.ite of Ohio, one tJmusand dolars ; ’ For holding treaties with the vaious tribes' east of the Mississippi river, for tiie cession of lands held by them respectively, aid for their i removal west of said river ; uud wstlt th. Si oux fir the cession of their country lying e >*t of the s-tfne rivoc, and for deixayiiigtbc expen ses of a more particular examiuuxi.n.af tiie va caat lands west ol the Mississippi, jv.i'u a view to asccrx-iin whether it be suificieutly t» accom taofiate the tribes reiuaiaing east of sad river, tv'Veateeo thousand dollars. Section. 2. Anti b’. it further tn'tcled,'i'h :t the «HH of five thousand dolfirs be, an I iia «ama i , i fiv'tifiy appropriat 'd, out of any inuuyrj the ; ir unity. M'rt othamije npprop.i ited, t ciia!> : e tie Krcudeat of the Ujiitcii States by s. tale a geute srbiicdepredations v. e mmuiit- ■ to.i by fit: Stualtiulf aa-l Creek Indian ou lha j property es the eifizcus of Florida. Geogi i an J A* ibagia. itMmedi'44/jy bef*ire tile of actual bostilit.es on tba part of said rkp -ctivc I 4ri'us«»f ißdmns ; what am.’unt of duptd'iti-ms | were cym-mu -<1 duriiu t' 4O pendem-y of o 1 bos- i tililiM. Wbat portl >» of the Creek tri: »c wre 1 £ed iu such b#stiljtie;,. and wbatd -predatiusfaave been coi«iH»itf<d by a reinmmt of said the s«p- I powd to be Irit tsdly aud apart of wlmru -ere ,i< : - I tuafly employed against the Sent noics. m;e ti;e • onioval of th? insits b'xfy of them we: of the 1 Mississippi, and thatth* President r< porthe iu fcrmation m* acquired to Com grass at its e-;tse*-| siou : Provided, u»i hiug hereinbefore < otained.' •kali be so construed, a* to subject theLnited Kt aw* to pay fur ab predatioits «»t proved for. by the act of April uiiitti. . igltteeo hmtdd mid sixteen, and the acts ametid tbiry (heretmor by ! arts rafsdsti:>K rhncH’ereoarsebetwecu tUn ban tritas fci«<i the (.oiled Kt it<-s. Kw rio.s •?. Anil t>r it f/rthtr tnr.rt' , d, 'let the i Fresidesaatuy. aud w hviby aulbt/rizedfo ,ap- i (.. -.11.. i»y. „n.i wiili the cou*cut ol in l C'euate, ; i'iivc r.dmiioiial iu.ti.m agents, one lor tho ('reck, oneli r tlm Cherokee tribe of fiidinti*. mid tmo fol I I ilte tuarson the upper'dissumi, who shall execute ' I the same duli-. s possess the same powers, and vo j ceive the same pay and emoluments axtiuisi: t> ow i authorized by law.execute, possess, <n>.| receive: * atld that the salaries ot said .items bo paid mu of I my money in tiie Treasury not uii’.-rwixe appro | p: iated. JAMES K. POLK, . ol tin- House IL prr.'Cntativis. j w. R. KING, Presidi nt of t'ic Senate pro tern. , Approved, fiJ.irch t,.|, | 'd?. ANDRKW JACKSON’. I _ ?J<». 21.] : AC i to vhatme tiie titles of certain ; I officers in the n ivy. Toe it mat ted the Sm.ite ami Honse of ■ v cprt’seuftvive* of tin U lited Slates ofA-J i nieiivaiii Cong’ress assmiiilvd, That from I land after the passage oi'tliis act, a:i -‘mas ters co nniantiani” in t ie nary shall l-e ta ken to i-.e, an-l sit til be called “ coninian- I tier’‘and all “ sailitigntasfers” shill be taken to lie, and shall lie calk'd “ m t-ters :" lint such elm.lire <:f title shall not impair, or in any wayafi'ett, tiie rank, pay, orpriv- | i!e;;cs, of any tn.ister comm indnnt or sail- ■ ,! itig master now iu the service ; and should . ■ they receive new commissions or warrants, ; ■ they shall respectively take rank I'om the ■ tlale of' their present commissions. Approved, Marih 3,1, 1537. ?< is h st ' Mil. BENTON’S CLOSING SPEECH ON THE EXPUNGING RESO- { LUTION. I Mr. President: It is no'v near three years ' since lite resolve w as adopted by the Senate, j which it is my present motion to expunge ; I from the journal. At the moment this j 1 ressdve was adopted, 1 gave notice of inv in | tenfionto mo e to expu ige itjan i then ex- • pi eced my confident belief that the motion J would eventually prevail. Tint express- ! ion of confidence was not and ebullition ol i! vanity, or a presumptuous calculation, in , tended to accelerate the’event it affected to i , foretell. It was not a vain boast, or an idle assumption, but was tiie result of a deep: 1 conviction o! the injustice Hone Pie-ideut : Jackson, anti a thmough reliance upon the ‘ •itsfice of the A.meiiian people. I felt that I Hu-f'rc s'di nt had iuv n uroig<<!; and my j j heart told me that this wronu would be re- ! I dressed ! ’"lie event proves tii.u I was not X h»‘ QllVslioH ol *»• litis ' resolution h is been carrie d to the people, j and their deci-iun Ims been had upon it, [ They decide in favor of the < xj Ur .atioai . and their decision has in-en both imide and j manifested, mid commutncau <1 to os in a ‘ ; great variety of'ways. A great numbered! i Stales have expressly iusti ticied tin ir Sen- I I ators to vote for this expurgation. Avert ; j great majority of the States have elected I [ Senators ami Repre.-entaiives to Congress.! ; upon the express gro -nd oi favoring this - i expurgation. The Bank of the United ! Stiles, which took the i utiative in the aven- ' I sation against the Piesiihn’, and furni-h: d ■ j the material, and worked tiie tiiacl.inerv i I which was used ■ ixaiust him, ■<ii-| whieli was ! I then *o powerful on this floor, has It- rmne ; j iu >re and more odious to the pubiie mind, I and musters now out a slender phalanx of ! ifiietiils in tiie txo Houses of Congress. I 'The late Presidential el .< lion lurnirii- * ad- ! dt’.imtal evidence ofpttblic sentiment. Tiie I candidate who was tin- friend of President I J.t( ksiiti, the supporter of htsadmini-n ation, i and the avowed advocate f' r the exp u ira-| lion, has received a huge majority of tii ! sttfl’rnges of the w hole Union, and tiiat after j | an express deci ration of fiis sentiments on i j this pr< < i-e point. The evidt nee of the i | public will, exi’ibiten’ in ail these forms, i*, | too inani.est to be mi-taken, too explicit to • i require illustration, and too imperative to i i lit- disregarded. Omitting i let ail* an.i $ .p. ' | c:ti : enumeration of prom's, i refer t > ■•ur ’ , o.va fil.-s i<>r tin- instruci:o-is to exotuige,— ; ■ to t,):‘ coniph-xmii of toe two Houses fiirthei j lumper o| t.:i‘ people,—io the •.enntit. 1 jed condition of the Bank oi tiie U utsdi | States for the fate of Lie mperi.itts accii-i i set, —and to the issue of t-.e Pr-sid-n.i d i j electi'iu for the oftite Union. A.i ' j these are pregnant proofs <>f ih< public will, ! j and tl:el i*t pr< -eminei-tiy so; fit cau e, Loth i j the qnesiioii oftite expurgation, m,d i ! form of lite process, was iln-eci iy pm ; (1 j., s:u . ' upon it. A representative ( ,f t,|,- peooh from the State of Kentucky fornudh inter- I rogateda prominent candidate for tin- Pres- ! idem-y on these points, and required from ! him a public answer for tho information of i the public mind. Tiie answer was given,! and published, and read by all the voter* J neforc the election; and I deem it right to ' refer n that answer in this place, ni)l on | v I as evidence oftite points put in issue, but ! also for the purpose <>*' doing more ample i justice to President Jackson by incorpora i ting into lim legislative history oftite case, J the liigli and hotiorgilde testimony in his fa- ! vorof tiie eminent citizen who has just bt en ' ; exalted to the lofty honors of the Annr-| i ican Presidency: i “ A our last question seeks to know ‘my* opin , ion as to the constitutional power of die Senate ; or House of Representatives to expunge or obliter . ate from the journals the proceedings of a previ ous session. You wifi, I atn sum. be satisfied upon further coudileration. that there are but few questions of j a political character less connected w ith the duties ot the office of I’n- id nt of the United States, or th it aiidir nut with equal propriety be put by an | '-ic-toi- to a candidate lor that station, than thi--. | A it.'i the journals of either house of (fotigress can |he pi-opi rly have nny tiling to do. But, ns vour ■ qii.-siiun h.i doubtless been induced hy thf pi-n'd- u iey of (fol Bcn’oii s Resahitioiis. to cxpum-c from - t ii'.j'i'r.-a-ilscf tit ■ S< nate c-rtaiii other ri so’utiiun I toughing the official cotrltiet < f {’resident .Jack sou, I pr-fer to say that I i-.-g-ird the passage o i - o|. 1. nton s I it* 'in.-It* and Resolutions to be an I . riel of justice to a fmth.'-il :unl «r e :id vinm ed pnb : -ic servant, not only < i-n ti.utimial in itself, I ur ! i-np;: i-msiy dem-in-icd by a proper respect for the well known will ot the pci pie.” I do not propose, sir. to draw violent, un warranted, or strained inlercncos. Ido not a-*tiine t-i say that the question of this ex- - purgation was a leading, ora controlling . point in the issue of this < lecti-n. Ido not !' assttme to say, or insinuate, that every in- ' dividual, mid evi ry voter, delivered his suf- ' (rage villi reference to this question, i Doubtless there were many cx< entimis. Still, I tin- tciumplimit flection of the candidate!' who had extire-s'-rl himself in the terms just f quoted, and who w is, be-ides, the pcrs uml f find political frit nd of President Ja< ks- n, ’ and th -avowed approver of his administra- 1 lion, must be admitted to a place among the ' p. Qufs iu ilx: i:a*e, and ranked among the a i high concurring evidences.of lite public | sentiment in lavor of tiie motion which 1 I make. Assuming then that we have ascertained the w ill of the people on this great ■question, ike inquiry presents itstlf, Imvv far the ex prt Ssion of that will ought to lie < imebisive iifotir action here? I hold that it ongdit.to be binding and obligatory upon us I and I that, not only upon tiie principles ol'repre | seutaliv e Goverinnvnt. wiiii It m quires obe j iri'-iu c to the known will oft:n- people, but also in conformity to tiie principle-;’qi.ui which tin: pioctvding against Pre.ident J. i kson was coudm te.il when th-.'si ntenct against him was adopted. Then overt jibing was d< :ie witlt e*.-evial i<■!'< r nee to I the vviii oi t.hepeo, a ! Tiicir impulsion was j as.-i>m»<l to be tin- sole motive to actum, and ' ' to them lite ultimate verdict w is referred. Tiie whole uiacliinery <>l ifiaru and pressure—every engine of political and moiieyeii power—was put in motion, an ! worked f<>r many months, to excite tin pee; I - -again* the p, esid.-nt, ami to stir up meetings, memorials, petitions, tr; eonnnittees, and di- ires* depuia>,iims tigitinst j him ; mid eneb sympti-m of popular d’sseon- ■ lent was h; i.ed as an ev im-iiec of public will ; and quoted ii-re as pr int’ that tiie pertple i demanded tiie < ouiii imuition oi'tiie Presi jdvnt. Not only legi-lativ e assembli •*, and j.memorials from large as*om lie*, were then i produced here a* ev id'-nce ol public opinion, '[but tiie p< tit’ums of boys under a-e, the I renmn'strance.s of a few signers, and the re- I suits ol tiie most ii'c.uusidi ruble elections, were ostentatiously paraded ami magnified as the evidence ot’ the sovereign will ofour constituents. Tints, sir, the public voice was every tlriig wbi'e tiiat voice. par:ial v, obtained through political and pecuniary machinations, was adverse to tiie President I Then the popular wiil was the shrine at which all worshipped. Now, when that ■ willis teeidarly, soberly, repeatedly, and : almost universally expressed through the | battiot boxes, at the various elections, and ttiriis.-mt to be it) favor oftite President, I certainly no one can dirty arti it, nor oth- I erwise look at it that) t s lit- solem verdict of the comp 'e.tt a id ultimate tr'.iuiiial upon an ! issue faii-iy made tip, fuliy argued, and di.lv sut-initted lor decision. As si cl) vir.’ict, I receive it. As the Jelioerite verdict of [ the sovereign people, I bow to it. I am ■ ci-nii'tii. I do not im mi to re-open the 1 case, nor to rei-ommeuce the argmm nt. I , leave tiiat work to others, if any others choose to perfium it. F.>r myself, lam j content; mid, di*p< ,;*mg with further ar i gument, I stiali call for judgment, and a*k ' to have exeeu ion done, upon tiiafc tiiiiiappy Ijourtiai, which the verdict of millions of , hcetnen finds guilty oi bearing on its f u-e an untrue, illegal, and' 'unconsiitutioiial I sentence ot condeumation against the ap ; proved President of the Republic. | Jyut, vviiile dev lining U> re-c-peu the argument of ; I);* q.it-*:ion, and rclusiug to tread over again the I gryuinl already traversed, there is another and a | diii'ercut ia*k t > perfoin:: oiiu which die :i[.proach i iu;; te: munition oi I'resi teiH-.lacxsou's adiuiai.-ti a : null inai-es peeuh i;-j proper at mis time, an.l i . wiiiea it is my privilege, ami perhaps my duty, to | I execute, .is .icing toe su) table com: I a sum to the ar- i I duous contest m which we h w been so iocg in 1 i n-'ljefi- I allude to the general teiim- of his adilim- ; I t-tratiun, and u> itseaee.i. lorgomi or for evil, upon I die eouditio'n oi in* country 'i ins is the proper ! j time forsnei) a view to betaken. The political! I existence of this great man m>-.v draws to a ctose. j i in little more than forty d tysheceascs to oo a mm- He character. In ale w brief weeks be e a:e vl > Ibe u object of political hope to any, nd should ! c : ise to be an object oi political hate, or envy, to j al;. V. ii itever oi motive tin- s rvile and time-: i servitij; might have immd m his exalted station ■ lor rauiiig the aliertd adulation, and bui iiing the j ißucn.ve oi piaise hclore him. iliat motive c.ai n*» I uHucr exis:. Ihe dispenser < f tha patrmiage oi’ jan empire—-tiie chief oi this great Conti dvr.icy i oi .-tates—is*, on tube a private individual, sirin- - pod ol ail power to rewaru. or to puni*li. liisovvn j tbought , as th has show n i.s in tiie coucluding : par i;.;. •ph oi th . t in- s - age vvii ch t. to be tin I ,*t [id its liind mat v> e sii.di ever receive bom him, I aie directed to th it litdoved retirement from which he w isiir.iwn by the voiceoi uiiilimis of i’n enietu j and to ui'.-li ,ic no r iuoi.* lor th at mi. rv:al of rc [ po* -. which ag - and i.ilu mi.as requne. cud. r I idea- cneimismcc:-*, lu-ceases io lie a sid j. c. i .r i lac c.-ii.iti'i-i cl Uie p-**ioi>--, aud pasts moa j elm;.:. ier m. :a co-iieiuidalioti ol hi.-iorv. ilis icrigi.iy di. ii *!j..li j nen ji.i., ; f ,u-.i ii i-i;..-ig this I ».er. lainscivii ;d.mi is:.ain n, 1 d. uiim l wo. re ; to,, i; a c.m I m \ 3 ..itel wii niso u;u< h-.-vii, ; iri.; been p.emc.ed. ..nd fi m wii- mso mu.b ,o >d I lias come ? .■eve. lias any mall en'. ieii u. ,m : the ciii i in cull-in y I' a < o»i;t; < miner si.cii np | ;> .iibizpredii i •; ni of ruin : mi wo ’ never !:-.* a iv lone hoi, so purh'-fi vvilh ilinaui ..ti.u)s’ Never h- s any one been so In-set and impeded by I a powerful n’mi imiu.m of piditieal mid moneyed I cmiit ~erm ~a* -my cie i any ccun-, | try tv a-, re’.lu-admiiusti uu.'ui ol Ju*.ice ha* ri-cu ' j above the k-aia. or the bow*., been so lawless- 1 | !y. ami sa inicd. ssiy, tried am! ,‘.'lldeinucd by ri-' ] vms ;ui.: enemies, vv iih-.ut bl aring, without de-i [ lenci-. wiihout ;!ie forms oi iaw or ju lice ! i’is’,-)- I’■ /'.' 1S *’ ecil r ntsack t! to limi examples of tyrants ' Muiicieutiy odious to illustrate iritn by eiunp .i .'son. ijimjiiiag.: ha* been tiirtmi-d :o fmd epithets suio- : eieutiy strong tupaint him in desciiptioH. Ima-' gimuiou lias been exhausted in her efforts to deck : mm mill levelling and iuliiinian attributes. 'l-, ■ I rant, despot, usurper; destroyer of the liberties of I luscmintry ; rash, ignorant, imbecile; emlmgei-, Dig tlfe public peace with aii foreign nations;! destroy mg domestic property al home ; riiiningJ | ail industry, all commerce, -ail manufactories; am ; [ miniating confidence between ih.ui ami man ; de-, | iivei ing up tiie streets of populous cities to grass and weeds, and the wharves <>f commercial towns to tue incumbrance of decaying vessels, dcprivi.i- i labor ol all reward ; depriving industry of all cm-: p oyment; destroyingthe currency; plunging an > Ittuoci nt and happy people from the summit of I Ivlicily to the depths of misery, want, and des pair. Such is the faint outline, followed up by actual com! nmatton. of the appalling demmcia'- Uons daily littered against this one MAN. from the | moment he became an object of political t umpe- I I •itimi, dow n to die concluding moment of his po ll.leal cxi-teuce. * The sacred voice of inspiration has told us tiiat there is a lime fm-all iliii;;;s. There certainly lias < e. n i tiire for eveiy e'-il tiiat liumati m-.tuie ad mits of to be vi.ctii inated ol President Jackson's adininistrahon ; equally certain tho time has imu-! conn- tor ail rational and well disposer! people to i conipaie the predictions with tiie facts, ami to ■ si I [thtmseives ~ these c-.Dmious prognostications It ive been ver:fn-d by events? I.ave we |[ or war, witli fm-ei&'i nations ! Certainly, v. c ha< e p--ace ! peace vv itli all die world ! peace witii : 1! I 4* benign, and felicitous, ami bcm tieieiit influ ences J Are we respected, or despised abroad > ( <-i tainly the Amcrirrn name never was moreim : mn-ed throughout the tour quarters <-f the glol-.i. I ih-.iiiti this very moment. Bo we hearof [ uitv, or outrage iu any quarter ? »f meiclian'ts robbed in foreign ports ? ot vessels searched on the high sea* ? ol American citizens impressed in to lorcizli service ?of lie namm.-l flag iti*ii|t.ed any where? <?ii the contrary, we see formci wi inigs repaired ; no new ones inflicted. France I, pays twenty .» l( . mdlions of francs for sppfialions ■onimiltcd thirty i ears ago; Naples pay* two mil 'ions one hundred thousand ducats for wrongs of the same date ; Denmark pays six hundred ami t fifty tliotisaml rixdofitirs for v.iougs dime aqu.u terofa century ago ; ,S| ;.in engages to pay tvvclvi ■ imi.musol reals vcllon for itijmics of fifteen yean t date; and Portugal, the last it; tho list of fmmei i aggressors admits her liability, and only waitstlie adjustment us details to elosekr account bv ado £ ' : k A* in >;>• .‘j i.i 1? Vi- fi' stj in kVII . ■ | qu. te iiideu.uity. i.-u far truhi war, insult, eou [ - tempt,mu; spoliation from abroad ; tins denoun- ci-d administration lias beeti the season ol peace l ami good vviii. and ibe auspicious era of tiniv-eis .1 '[ iv paratill. Sofarfiotu Miilering injury at the , . li..nils ot foreign j ovvers, our merchant* have re . i ceived indemnities for all former injuries, it has _ j been the day of accounting, of settlement, ami of I rctrilmtioti. 'i'he li.ug list of airearages exti-nd -1 H)g suceessi"o previous aiiministi’a -1 I lions, lias been closed ami settled up. Tim vv ii.iigs . | dime to cminm-rce Im-tliiny y ears back, and under _ so miny different Presidents, ami indemnities withheld from all, have been icpaiied im-.l paid o- 1 ver mu' r th,, l>,-nci:ciei>t and glorious adininistra i tien of f‘i cfi.leut Jlu ksoii. i.m urn- single instance ; i>t iiii:r;i;;(: has oeeuir. il. and tiiat at tile extiemi ti- .sm tile wo; l.t, ami bv a pir .tieal horde, ame n .I'l.■ to no |iv butiiii! 1;. ~ of ivree. 'i he .’da ily* oi S.iiiiniatra coaimitu-d a robbe.-y and mas 1 san ? upon :-i; Ami-ric in ve--el. V, rcii'i- s ! they ; <h-i no- Hu n know that JAt '■ KS< ).'< was Picsiili n’t |j ( d tin- I liin d .’-late*! :u.-I ihat no di-iance. no I time, u-i idle ceremolii.-l of ti e fling vvilli robbers I mid assassins, was to hold back theai m of justice. | < ommo lore Dowm s ivein out. His camion and I iii.s bayonets struck the outlaws in their den. ! i'i.i’y paid m teirorand in blend for the ouirage . vv m-ii w;as committed ; t,ml the great le.-sou vv.i:-. t .light ti> these disianr pirates—to our antipode* I I themselves—that uotercii tiieenmo diMinet-.-r ol ; j tin* globe cm.ld prctcit them ! ami th.it the name I ol Amenc:.i:fli.e that of I’onriil ciii-zen i.i , ibe gre.it day* i.i toe kr.pimiic ami of the empire. was to Im ilr.: iuvi- lai.Je j> i.isp-.,; lof aii that wore it ihroughout the vv im.e extent of the habit aide ■ Wold. . At home t.'ie most (.ratifyingpietui't.' presi nt* it | self to the view, 'f it; pu .'iie <i< l.t pai l oil; taxes reduced one imlf: the completii u of tho pn. iie ■ iefeiices syst. matu a! y commem ed ; th? compact i , will; (leoigia i if.-oiopjicd will) since iBO2, now : ■ carried into clfeci, aini her soil rcadv to be freed. I as her jurisdiction Iris been delivered, from the presence andiucuaibianc? of at> Indian papula-1 ’ tion. Mississippi ami Alabama. Georgia. Ten ' North Carolina, Oiiio, Indi utti. Illinois, r Missouri and Arkansas, in a word, all the States I , encumbered with an (ndiau population have I cell relieved from that incumbrance ; and the Indians j ’ themselves have been transferred to new and per man -nt hiiint’r.. every way better adapted to the j t enjoyment cf their existence, the proserv atii.n of! 1 their rights, ami the improvement of (licit eomli-[ , tioii. , i The cm-rincv is no? ruined !On the contrary J SEVENTATIVE millions of spcciein thecoun- : try is a sja ciacle n.-vi i seen before, and is the bar- 1 I | ri<-r of the p.ople against the designs of any banks I which may attempt to suspend payments, and to I ’ force a ilish. um-cd paper < urri-iicy upon the com- j Uiuuity. 'Bese sevi ntysfive mii’jmis are the se- i curity of the >. ople aeaiust the dangers ol a depre- [ i eia’i <! and intmivertible paper money. Gohl, as- ■ tor adis’ipperfanc.-'of thirty year*, is restored t>| om-coumry. AU Europe beholds with admira-| tien the succels of our i-fl'mts iu three years, to 1 ' supply onrselv-.'s with the currency whieli oar Con- - i stihftioil giiareiri.-*. and v.hieh tiie exam;:!'? of! ■ : France and Hdland shows to be so easily att -ina- : 1 ble, ami of suci incalculable value to iudusirv. [ j moials. econo try an I sol.-I vve-il’ll. The sue :. s-: ' j of these effort.; in the best London papors. ! ' ' not merely a refir.n iti-'ii, but a revolu-ion in the ! ■ [ cui-i-ency 1 a r.-vriutic.'i by w hic'i our Ami rica i.d I now regaining frrm Europe the gold ami silvpi ; ; w hich she hasbeea sending to them forilm t-,- years ! J past. . . ’ [ 1 | Domestic industiy is not pralvzcd, conmLnr eis ' ' : n it destroyed, facto ies are not stopped, work i | nif-'n arc notmemliciutsf.ir bread ami em”loyinei>t, i ! credit is not exlin;;i.isi)ed. prices have not sunk i I grass is not growing m the streets of populous | _: cities, the w bai ve.s ;:-e not lumbered v> itb dee icing | - vessels, columns of eurs.-s rii-iiig fioni the bosoms [ j of a ruined and agonized people, tire not asci tid ing (ieav<?ii against ihede*tn;yer oi’ a n ition'r ! felicity and p.-osp- ritv. On the contrary, the re ; verse of all this is true 1 mid true to a degree that i astonishes ami m-wdders the senses. 1 knew rh.it I ' al! i* not gold that glitters ; timt there is a differ- i j I'iice hetwee.) a specious -iml a s.d. I prosperity. I i knew in-.it apa tofth-i p e.-.-ni prosperity isaopa- I j rent only, the effect of an increi-c of fifty millions I i ci paper money forced . into eii en ath n by one j j thousand banks ; but -tft;-r m iking due ailoiv :nce | lor this fietitio.vs and delusive excess, the real pros l i perky of the country i. still tmpi-ecedently and 1 , ti-au*i s:>da:itly great. 1 know that every How must’ be lollovye I by its ebb, that every exp :n*ion must j !be followed hy its coiiifne.ion. i know that a re- - vidsi ni in tin: paper system i* ineyitabla ; hut!: know, .il.-o. h ii these XENEN'i’Y-TjVE MiL- i Id '.NS OF GO’.D Ai.D SILVER is th? hul wurk ol' the country, mid will enable every honest bank to meet it* lial’i'iiies and every prudent citi-[ zen to :,.ke care of him-.elf. Tiiimiig to soma pains in til? civil administra- j tionol Piesideut Ja<k-«n. ami bow ni'tclnlo we, no. find to admire ! 'i be great cau-e of the Con- - stitutio.i has lie; n vindicated' from an imputation; <d more ill an ioriy yean’ duration. He bis de mcnstrat.-d by the fact itielf. that a n iliim-ii bank [ s not •’Kfcct-ffur./” to ths fi-eal opei-iiion; of the 1 i-’e-iertd Go .-ci-ameiii. as I in tb it dempn-t I'imi ! h - a.is up.i t the argoment id' tfeneral Hamilt n. ! ..nd file deci i- n ot tin: .-upreme Court ofibe Uni li d St. tus, . nd ail lb it «rc. bus been said in favor ' o: t:.e < mi-:ituti<>n;:!i y of a i...tii n 1 'auk. Ail; tills ..rgimii-ut anil d-'ci ior. re*K-ri i;p. i: tile -ii; J.- ‘ a sumption ofihe ■■ nice; ilj" of th.iti.ntiluti oi t-> ■ th. i‘ td..:d t > uv. ; r.nic-iit. 11e d.i’- sbi;v. nit i* m.i >“ n cf.-sor’/,-” iliat ike currency i.f the •-oi.-dtu-! tidu. .-.ml e p cially a gold enr.-enev, is all tli.u th-,- : Fedei a'r Governn.e it wants, mid (hat she can get | tint wlicaever she pleases, in this single nci tic ; ii ;.s v’.n.iii a.c’i the Cunstitati. n IDm-iii imj.ist iin- j p.it. lioa, mid knock. d fromuuiler tlm .keisi.in of | th? LupreiueCourt 1. e assumed tact mi vvbiihit. i rested. i'ie has prepargd the war for he n.-v, rsa! : ol th it decision ; and it i* a quest) n> for lawyer.; to answer, w a-ihi-r the case i . not ripe the | : application of dial .nil i.i most remedial ti itu.-c. j 'a- .me Lord t/oke callsii, an I which w.is invented. ' : i st in a >y case there shme-I he mi opnr;-*-five de- j : feet ol jut-nice ; the vent ) able writ i‘s (iiiiiita rjiirre- < ' fa dtf riifidl'iS, to tiscertditi the truth of a fm t hap- 1 peiiing since ) he judgment, and upon th.: due Cad- : ingot which the jiiilgincnt will be vacated. Lei : ’fie i.i wy ers .ring their books, and answer us if, : iii- r» i* not a case here presented,fi;r the applies- j i tion oi th it aneietit and most remedial writ ? • ! From i’resideut Jackson the country has first ;le irued tie true theory and pi aeticai in.-tut of .he ■ < Uonstitulimi, in giving to the Executive a qualified ' ! negative on the legislative power of Coiigre-s [ . : Far from being an odious, dangerous, or kingly ! I prerogative, tins pow er, t.* vested iu the President, [ -i; nothing but a qualified copy of the famous veto power vesied in lhe tribunes of the people among ■ : i the Bomans, and iipenrled tosuspend the passage ol u law until the people theniselves should h ive . time to consider it. Thequ dined ne.’oof the Pres- ! idem destroys notbing ; it only delays ilr-passage j i ol a ia'iv■. amt icfei's it tollie propio foi'tiieir con | j siileration and decision. It is the reference of | iheiaiv, not to a commmlitce of the Hou e. or of I j the whole House, but to the i-omn:ittee of the ’ i whole I,nioa. Js is a re-cominitment el the bill to the People, for them to examine am! consider; and il upon this examination they are content to pass it, it will pass at the next session. The delay oi’a few months is the only eff ct of a rr/o in a j i case where the people shall ultimately approve ;; | law-, ii here they do rmi approve it. flic inteqiosi- ; 1 | *’ the harrier which saves them the I . I itifiiction of a law. the repeal of which might alter- ! ; I w:rr<is be almost impossible. Che qtt tiilied neg- I i ; aiiieir. then-lore, a bciieficient pow : r, intended, | I I as Gem.-rai Hainilton expressly declares in tbej; [ i' c.-lc.-.dist. to protect, fr.it, the Execiitive Depart i i - men! u- m tho euerom hinen.’s of tin: Legi*iativc[ | oepai tmeiit; and, see to preserve tin- people i ' lioni hasty, d mgerou*, or criminal legislation en .!>; part ol liicir representative*. This is th -de- 1 sign utid intt iitiou of she veto power; and lhe | I i ar expressed by General Hainil'on was that t I r Sidents, ho far f.o ;n exiPcisjng it too often, would not. ex'i<-i*e it ns often as the safety ol the i people i equirod: that they might lack lbe moral i lo.uagc- to stake tliemselves in oppo ilion to afa s vm iP meastire of lit? majoritj’ of the two House* < ol migress, and thus deprive the people, in m i l ny instances, of their right to pms upon a bill be- 1 o.<: it |>< come a final liny. The cases in which I i i e*j..ent. Jackson litis exercised the ret’> power I f mis shown tlm soundness of these observat-ons. e No ordtn-iiy I'rr-idem would have staked himself I v 'gainst ilte Bank ( ,f the United States, and the. 'w o Loiikph ( ,( (tongn ss, in 1H.32. It required [ s ii< sii.cnt Jackson to confront that power—tn stem 11 ‘ i.it tori'eut— to stay the progress oftl.at charter, in and tpicfer it to the people for their decision- *1 -I i .i* moral coinage was equal to the crisis. He ar -[ •’osfctl the charter until it could go to the people, and they have arrested it forever. Had he not. done I so, the charter would have become law, and its j repmd ;dmo:t impossible. ’l’be people of the - whole Union would now have been in tin: eoliiii- • non of the people of Pentisylvania, bestrode-by I the moiiste;-, iu daily conflict with him, an I riitiin- - t..tmiig a doubtful contest fur supremacy between - 'ho (■overntm-nt of a State, and ths diiectory of . , a moneyed corporation! i- | i o detail specific acts whieli adorn the adminis ; | tr.uiou ol I’residcnt Jackson, ami illustrate tile in- - ! tnitive sagacity of his intellect, the lifinncs* of bis - | mind. In* di-;;-, gar.l of personal popularity, and his • | etilirc I'evoimn |,> t| l( . public good, w ould be iu- - | consistent with this rapid sketch, iiPmuled merely - j to present geiicial liew s, ami not to d.-mil single ■ j m oons, ho-.vs-never worilty they may be ol’aspleti [ did p ige in the volume oi' history. I’-tit how can : wo pa .* over t ie great mc n .i.e of the removal oi 1.1 the pimlie money* from (life If-mk of the United • .'“tates, in the mt.tiinn of ! /.'!? that w i,e, heroic . mid ma ,t rly mcasme of picve,i>tii,n. which has . re.-’.-m.u ;m emyiie from ilw fang* of a men iless. ! r.-vciigi g.Te.ly. iiis.iti .te. imp! icabic ninm y.'d . j.-nivi r! It is a r 4 -.im:r‘< for wlm Ii (am ind bled to hi • philosophic observation of my most Ci.tccm. <i col.e igue ami friend, (;> ’inting to Dr. Linn) that. • "h|.. it ii qui-,e S far great r tali nt to fo-esi-o an : evil Ik lore it happens, an.l to arrest it by precau tionary nimiMties, than it r< quires to apply an mlc- i qn lie i .-n-cily to the s ime evil after it has ' appen ed, yet t ie apjfi line l-e.io-.v:-.l by th -woi!;' is al w"t ~* gr.-atest in the latter case. Os this the re inov 10l ill. ptislic, mmi-ys from the Bank of the i-nia-il .Stoics is an emimnit in.-tnwe. The veto ■ ol IShS, which arri-sic-l the charter which Con i gn ‘s in I graine.l immediately received the ap- • |-l iti.-c and approbativti of a majority of the Union; i .li-'.' lerm;v:il of ib-i depo its, which prevented the bank Irom /b-ci/ig- a re-charter, was -disapproved . by a l irge majority of the cotmtry, and even his • | own friends; yet the ve'o would have been una- ■ | vailing, and the bank would inevitably have been ire chai teied. if tho deposits had not been remov- , I ed- The iinu ease sums of publie money since ac ; cumulated, would have enabled the bank, if she i 1 had relaiue’l ibe ponscssion ol it, to have cocrccd [ a re-charter. Nothing but the removal could have I prevented her fimm extorting a re-charter from the : mfferings ami terrors of the people. If it had not I ! been foi that measure, the previous vtlo would ■ have been unavailing; the bank would have been | again installed in power, and this entire Federal [ Government would have been held as an anpend | age to that bank, and administered according to * her directions, and by her nominees. That great ! ;, measure of prevention, the removal of the depos- i >; its. thmigli feebly and faintly supported hy friends [ i at fns'. has expelled the bank from the field and ; ( driven her into abey.incc under a Stale charter, j . She i* not de ;d. but. holding her capital and stock- ' ■ holders together under a State charter, she has | | taken a position to watch events, and to profit by I [th •m. The royal 'iger lias gone into the jungle! | [ mi l, clenched on his belly, he a'waits the favora- i [ ble ni am nr fm- emerging from his cover, and [ i springing en the body ot the unsuspicious travel- I , . i i nc i reasury order for exeluding paper money | : from the Imid offices, isanolhsr wise measure;ori [ eiuatiug iu mi cniightcm-d forecast, mid prevent- I I in.-; gr“:it nrschii fs The (’resident foresaw the ! j evils of su'ie.'ing a thousand streams of paper [ ; money, isruin* t'rom a thousand different banks, to I ! disch .irue tliemselves on the national domain. He ' | foresaw that if these currents were allowed to run ! ■ their course, th.ii tiie publi.' lands would be swept j | aw ay, the Treasury would he lilicd'wiih irredeetn- | I able paper,'a vast r.ttinher of banks must he broken | j by their folly, and (he cry set up that nothing buta j [ ti:i;i*ial bank could regulate the currency. He | i slopped the course of these streams of paper; and ' j in so doing, fins saved the country from a great I eiilami y, and excited anew the inaclrin'atious of, those whose schemes of gain and mischief have b.- 'ii di:.appointed, nd who had counted on a new edition of panic an-l pressuri’, and again saluting j Gmigress with the old story of confi lencejffestroy- I ed, currency’.ruined, prosperity annihilated, ami i distress produced, by the tyranny of one man. I t hey began their lttgii!>rions s ing: but i klicule and [ < onti-mpt have proved too strong for ißotiey mid m*ide:i'-e; and the panic letter of the ex-presideut j of the denationalized b ink,. a Iter limping about for i a few days, has shrunk from the lash of public ■scorn, and disappeared from the frown of public j debate. » > ; The difficulty with France : what an instance it i presents of the superior sagacity i f President .Licksun 0.-er all the common-place politicians who [beset mid impede his administration at linne! i Th it difficulty, inflamed and aggravated by do- I mastic f iction, w ore, at oile time, a portentous as j pect; the skill, firmness, elevation of purpose, a id ; manly frankness of the President, avoided thi’d.-ia ' ger, act omplished the object, commanded the ad i imrattoti of Europe, and retained the friendship of France. He cm:ducted the delicate affair to a ; successful and mutually honorable issue. All is : amicably and happily terminated, leaving not a j wound, nor even a scar, behind—leaving the j Freni hinan and Amsric in on the ground on '.vbi. h they h ive stood for fil'tv years, mid should : iorever sr.md ; the ground of friendship, respect. : good wi'i. aiid matual wishes for the honor, hap- I pmess and prosperity cf each other. But why -hi-; specifi rtimi? Ko b?n Sccnr and ! so glorious, has l.ii-i n tin: administration of this : President, that whereto begin, and where to end. i m theenmm'iaticn ofgreat ineasures, would be th: [ embarrassment ->>' him who b -s his eulogy to make, iHe cam:- i-ito office the tir-t ot generals; lie goe* i out the first of statesmen. Hi* civil competitors | have slru-vd the fate of his iniiitary opponents: I an.! Wtwbtngton City has been to the American , ptd-tici--.ns who have assailed him. what New Or- • ii-mii w i* to the Briiii-h Generals who attacked liis Ihr-s. Repulsed! dr;v n back! discimifitted.' crtisD-l! his becu the late of ail-issailants, foreign i ami ilou.-esitc, cn ii mid military. ?.t Intni' mid j ! abr -i -a, ilr- impre-s oi bis genius, and of his chat act-. ris Icli. lie has impressed upon the age iu i wbi-Ji |-e live* die stamp of his arms, of his diplo ; m;:cy, and of iiis domesiic p- licy. In a word, so trail: cen-lant hsve been the merits of liisadinitiis trati; :i (hat they !r ve operated a miracle upon the mimls ot h;:i most inveterate opnoiient*. lie has expunged t'u-i-- oojectious to Mi it.iry Chieftains! j He ba* shown tfimn that they were mistaken; that • military men were not the dangerous rulers they had imagined, i-.ut safe and prosperous conductors :ut the vessel of State, lie has changed their [ tear into love. Wi h visible signs they admit their [e:ror, aud instead of deprecating they now invoke ’ the r<'ig;i of Chieftains. They laboured hard to j procure a military successor to tiie present incum [ bent, and if (heir love goes on increasing at the ; same rate, the Republic may be put to the ex p: nse of periodical wars, to breed a perpetual succession of these chieftains to ruie over them [ and their posterity forever. i To drop this irony, w hich the inenusistrue.y ;>f i | niad opponents lias provoked, and to return to the plain dchneati'ins of historical painting, tbo mind [ iusitiietively dwells on the vast and uiiprec dent [ed p-upiilarity of this I’ie-ideiit. Great is the in fluence, gn at the power, greater than any man ever before pos-essed in our America, w hich he has acquired over the public mind. Am! how has he acquired it ? Not by the arts of intrigue, ortho juggling tricks of diplomacy; not by ttnderminitig rivals, or sacrificing public interests for the grati | fieiitiim oi cl:w.*cs or imii-iduals. Dm he has ac i quired it, first, by ;he exercise of an intuitive sa gacity, whieli. leaving all book learning at an ini- ; m-'asttrabic distance behind, has always emibi< il him to adopt lhe rigid remedy, at the right time, | and to conqu r sootiest when the men of forms and - i-l.;ce thought him most nar to ruin and despair \< xt. by a moral courage, whieli know no fear | when the public good beckoned him to go on , i.-'i -t, and chieu.-st, be. has acquired it by an open !iom---'y olpttrpo.se, which kw:w no couee ilmeiits: [ by a strait-fui'w-irduess of action, w inch disdained J the lorms oi oilice, and the arts of intrigue; by a < !i*inl<-rs-st dm-s-s of motive, w liirli knew no self ish or sordid calculation; a devotedness of pntri- , oiism. which staked every thing personal on the is sue of every mi asure which the public welfare re ' quired him to adopt. By these qualities and i ill- so m. :ti*. he has acquired bis prodigious poptt , larity mid liis trail: ceudctil influence over tile pub lic mind; ami if there are nnv who envy that in fluence and popularity, let them envy also, and 1 emubite, if they cam tho qualities aud means by i w hich they were acquired. < (Ji-eat ha* been the opposiiioi) to President Jack son’s administration ; greater, perhaps, than ever Ims been exhibited against any '■overnment. short 1 of aetiml insurroctiou and forcible resistance. ( Revolutiou has been proclaimed! and every thing t -1 has been done that could lie expected to produce < | revolution. The country lias been alarmed, ttgi : | fated, convulsed. From the Suiiato chamber to ’ (he village bar-room, fijni one end of the contin ; m-nt to the other, denunciation, agitation, excite ment, has been tho order of the day For eight f years the President, of the Republic has stood up on a volcano, vomiting fire and fllamesupon him. 1 and threaluiiig the country itself wi’h ruin and desolation, ifthe people did not expel the usurper, despot, and tyrant, as he was called, (torn the high place to w hich the sufli agcs of millions o! ■ ; frcem'-ii has elevated him. ’ [ Great is the confidence which he has always re ’ | posed ni the iliscernmcnt ami equity of the Amer i ><•:•:» people, I have been nceiistninrd to see him | f<n- many yen;*;, am! under many iliscourageing ' j trials : t nt never saw him doubt, sot an instant, the i ultimate support es the people. It was my privi- 1 j lege to see fiia: often, and during the most gloom'. ’ j period of the panic conspiracy, w hen the w hole < earth seemed to he in commotion against him. and [ when many frieml* were faltei ing. and stout hearts | were qunih-ng. before the raging stoim which bank , ■ ■ mnciuimtmi;. and t-'rnotorial deniincintton. had | r-o-’-m-od up to overwhelm hiirr I saw him in the ; oai kest moments of this gloomv period; and nev er did ( see his confidence in the ultimate support of h:s f-how ci‘i".ens. fm-sake him for an instant ho always said the people would stand by those who stm’d by them ; ami nobly have they Justified that confidence ! That verdict, the voice of mil lions, which now demands the expurgation oft! nt sentence which the Senate am! th- bank then pro nounced upon him. is tho magnificent response of rhe people’s hearts to the implicit confidence which ho then reposed in them. But it was not in the peopl.-i only that he had confidence : there vias another, end a far higher Power, to whir-h he constantly looked to save tbo cotmtry. am! its de fenders. from every danger; and sima! events prove that lie did not Rok to that high Power in vain. Sir, T think it right, in approaching the tormina tion of this great question, to present this faint and rapid sketch efthe brilliant, beneficent and glorious administration of President Jackson. It is l ot forme to attempt to do it justice; it is not for ordinary men to attempt it* history. His mili tary life, resplendent with dazzling events, will de mand the pen of a nervous writer; his civil ad ministration. repl te with scenes w liieh have cal led into action so many, and such various passions of the human heart, and which iris given to native sagacity so many victories over practised politi cians, will require the profound, luminous and phi - losophical cone 'ptions of a Livy, a Plutarch, or a i Sallu t. This history is not to be written in our [ day. The cotemporarics of such even's are not I the hands to describe them. Time must first do l its office—must silence the passions, remove the I actors, develops cous-iquetiees, and canonize all ; i that is sacred to honor, patriotism and glory. In after ages the historic genius of our America shall produce the writers which the subject demands— [ men tar removed from the contests of this day, ; who will know how to estimate this great epoch; [ and how to acquire an immortality for their own [ ! names by painting, with a master's hand, the im i mortal even's of the Patriot Presid nt's life. [ And now-, sir, I finish the task w hich three years j | ago, I imposed ofiPtnvself. Solitary and alone, and 1 [ amidst the jeers and tatlnts of my opponents, I ; put thi* ball in motion. 'l'he people have takenit ! up, and rolled it forward, and I am no longer any I thing but a unit in the vast mass which now pro ; pels it. In the n ttne of that mass Ispcak. J de- I maud the execution of that Edict of the Peo [ tle; I demand the expurgation of that sentence I [ which the voice of a few Senators, and the power I I of their confederate, the Bank of the United j : States, has caused to be placed on the journal of I | the Senate, ami w hich the voice of millions of I , freemen has ordered to be expunged from it. ,j,l -jargwr-. nuMtHfiwjf n .rm il ■ ufti ■■l.iii 1 STATE RIGHTS and UNITED STATIST. RIGHTS. > '•'l'/ie friends of the Union are our friends,and its enemies, our enemies." TUESDAY ItJOawEA’G, APRJI, 18. STATE RIGHTS vs. BANK CHARTERS. | Vi hen the United States Bank invaded the sovo- j reiguty of Georgia, by the purchase of the Insu- [ rance Bank ol Cohi.nbus, we took the broad ! -..iound, that the repeal»f a Bank charter, was a ! subject of legislative action by an indo- i pendent State. V. e shall, in a few weeks, take up ths subject I' m e-.teii- o, and feel every confidence in ouv ability ! to n;::i itain our position, to tho satisfaction of eve- ' ry cii’ijUiteued citizen, who entertains a proper es- 1 1 invite of State Kights. 1 He feel assured, tiiat when our argument shall ' be folly submitted to th; public it will lie at least sat- 1 isfactory to (he t tc.te Rights and Union partv, tip- ' on Ccn*iituti<m?.l principles, and if the Nullifiers ' shall not be satisfied with tho reasoning drawn 1 | from constitutional premises, we will then for their • especial benefit, proceed to establish our position ! by arguments drawn from their own favorite doc trine of nullification. ' 'I bus are we doubly armed, with the coilstitu- 1 timi in one liatul, (or constitutional men, and the nullification in the other, for its votaries. Such has heretofore been our opinion of the [ doctrine of nullification, and its pernicious effects upon the itisti utions ol our country, that we could not. until the present occasion, have iinagin- j i ed a case in which we should mike it available in support of sound constitutional principles, but the time has come, when the backslidihgs of the nul lifiers, require that they should be stirred tip ; for verily they are in a dangerous state es collapse, consequent upon an extraordinary state of excite ment. It has often been said, that extremes approxi mate much nearer to each other, than many peo ple imagine, and its truth is strikingly exemplified in the history ol nullification. A little while ago, and a State could do every thing. Her power . was omnipotent, and in virtue of her sovereignly, was above the law and (be constitution; but now ; they arc ready to sustain the power of a corpora- , tion. against the power of a State. They maintain that a State has no authority to t repeal a Bank Charter, because it is a vested right, < and because it is a contract which cannot be im j paired without a violation of the Constitution. As j well might the tariflites have set up tho plea to ( protection and imtnutiity under that onerous sys- ; tem of Taxation—hut we have already extended < our remarks beyond what we intended. Our ob- | ject was at present, to bring to the knowledge of i our readers, the proceedings of the Legislature of < Louisiana, upon tho subject under discussion, and * to i-ec-inimend to them, the bold and manly stand < which that body has taken in opposition to the ar- ( rogiuico of monied corporations, and in defence o! : constitutional State sovereignty. j Ihe loj.owing Bill» which has recently passed J the House ofßepresentatives of that State, te I tepeal the charters of two Banks located in New- t Orleans, is lotniuod upon the true principles ol I State sovereignty, and reflects the highest credit i upon those who have given it their support. In < the preamble to lhe Bill, it is distinctly laid down : that “a corporation may be dissolved by an act of. t 5 j tue Legiiluturi', if il be deemed necessary or conveni • tnl to the public interest and should bo so held as being one of the most sacred, as well as the most valuable attributes of Government. , I •’he has given a practical illustration of herde . voiiot) to State independence, and a wise, and sal . l| tary, ami vigilant guardianship over lhe rights and interests of the people. V» a lurther maintain, that in a free government, I there can be no wrong, without an adequate rem edy, and that there kno principle in our political in stitutiinis which bars a subsequent legislature,. ! 'rein reviewing, amending or repealing, the nets of their predecessors. If this proposition is not true, then is our freedom a farce, and ourconstitu tion a mockery. If one legislature assun;/;tbe power to charter away the rights of a million into the hands of, aud for the benefit of a privileged few, and there is no redress through the otdinary chan nel cf legislation—if the representatives of the people, have no power to redress the wrongs in dicted by their predecessors, then indeed, may our country’s epitaph bo written.—ls it is true, that an act of incorporation is not w ithin the repealing power of the Legislature, how easy would itbe, to dislranchise the body of the people, by chartering away their rights. I'rom a Louisiana Paper REVOCABILITY OF CHARTERS— LOUISIANA LEGISLATURE. Perhaps «<> State in the Union lias lav ished charters with a more inconsiderate hand than Liurisiatia ; and, accordingly, it is there that the improvidence of these grants lias first struck the public mind, and thrown the people epon their inherent, original powers for the protection and preservation of their own rights. The Louisianians have now three questions of the revocabil i ity of charters on their hands, two of which are in the State Legislature, where the re voking bills have passed the House of Rep resentatives ; the other is just commencing iu the newspapers. Two relate to banks which refuse to be examined ; the other to a navigation company which has a charter above thirty years olci, to make a canal in what then an almost uninhabited mo rass, now the centre of the city ! The Bee thus speaks of these difficult subjects: “ The House ofßepresentatives ofLou isiana was scarcely ever so nearly unanimous on any question as they were on Tuesday, ■ in relation to the bill enacting that the char i ter of the Bank of Orleans and the Com j mercial Bank shall be revoked, in case the directors of those institutions shall persist in refusing to submit their affairs to the ex amination of a committee of the Legisla ture. The vote on the final passage of the bill was 23 yeas and 9 nays. Os the latter, at least four had voted in favor of Mr. I Forstall’s substitute, in which the right of j the Legislature to control and govern the j operations of the banks were asserted in terms alleast equally strong with those used _in the bill; thus, deducting those four votes, I which were given against the bill because it I was supposed that its action would not be j sufficiently prompt and efficient, there was as near an approach to unanimity as could be desired. It was detnnostrated in the dearest manner by Mr. Slidell, that both rom the nature of that sovereign power with which all Governments are vested, jnd from the fundamental laws of the State, i.s expressly set forth in the civil code, the l egislature is clothed with authority to con tr<A the operations of corporations, and to an'iitl them in certain cases. And why sheuld il not be so ? Why should a corpo-’ ration be permitted to violate at will tiie law by which it was created, and all other laws; to conduct its operations to lhe in jury and ruin of the community; and the supreme power of the State, established in all nations to promote and protect the gen eral welfare, be prevented from all interfer j euce to arrest and punish them ? Such a proposition is at war with the reason and [ common sense of mankind. This right of the community to secure its welfare and happiness is superior to all chartered or vested rights. Government itself may be dissolved, whenever it is found destructive to the ends for which it was established. The people of New Orleans have now before their eyes the most convincing evi dence of tiie mischief that may flow to lhe community from a perpetual and uncontrol led corporation. The Navigation Compa ny, holding at nought the public conveni ence, the public health, the public welfare, has commenced a work, which they imagine their charter authorizes them to construct, which will, it permitted to be consummated, inflict more dreadful evils upon the citv of New Orleans than she' ever yet endured from pestilence or hurricane. Will any man have lhe hardihood to assert that there is no power in the State to arrest the pro gress of this work, even though lhe judici ary should dec.de that it is authorized by the letter of the charter ? It might be con tended with as lunch propriety that a com pany may be chartered to set fire to the t own. 1 he-following is the bill which passed the House of Representatives on Tuesday, with an amendment suggested by Mr. Sl'i.- litli, by which it is enacted that the act re voking ti.e charters ol the two refractory banks, shall apply only to their banking privilege, not to any other privilege con nected with it; for example, the privilege possessed by tiie Commercial Bank for sup plying the city with water : A BILL relating to the Bank of Orleans ami tiie Commercial Bank of New Orleans. Whereas, the Bank ot Orleans and the Commercial Bank ofNew Orleans, have refused to permit an examination of their affairs to be mad-' by a joint committee of tue Senate and House of Representatives oi the State ol Louisiana, specially author ized to tiiat (fleet: And whereas, lhe supervision and investigation of the affairs of all corporations created by the law of this Slate, is a power possessed" by the Le gislature, the exercise oi w hich, in relation to moneyed institution, is peculiarly and imperatively called lor by the best interests of the people : And w hereas, hy the second section of the act to incorporate the Bank of Orleans, approved, thirtieth of May, one thousand eight hundred and eleven, and the twenty-filth section of the act to incorporate the Commercial Bank of New Orleans, approved first of April, one thousand eight hundred and thirty-three, cert tin restrictions are imposed upon said banks, which may he violated with impunity if they be trot compelled to submit to an examination of their affairs : And whereas, tt corporation may be dissolved by an act ot the Legislature, if it be deemed necessary