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i•> •<•! iukl legal gi'butii.s. 1 “•
■ver, owing to the great t dents "I •'!>
tlidnle, survived the shuck. I<> adopt th f
vank, dwdersll circumstances <>l tiie ca>. .
xreuM be a triumph to it over the conn j
try. It would go far to make the bank ;
*lhe Government itself. He repeated th i ,
he never could give his consent to mik< j
that hank the fiscal agent of the Gotrrn
•Ticnt. He could not agree to a re-n i.xi, j
of the hank with the Government, bccaiis
oc regarded a union as the great catt.e
which incapacitates hank notes from per
fur ning the office of a sound currency. It
teas one of tl.e greatest causes of contrac-1
tinn and expansion by the batik. and which ;
coul I produce such a catastrophe us now
hid happened. 8.-.ttk notes, under the
best circumstances, were ill suited to per
form the functions of a currency, for the
country. Contraetions and expa .sintis ol
the currency, ns had been evidenced, could
be resorted to, and the practice of which
converted the whole country into gamblers
and sp colators. The great source of their
expansions resulted from a union between
the banks and the Government. Ont
great and powerful reason which contribu
ted to the circulation of a bank note was,
that it not only represented the credit of
the bank, but the credit <>!’ the Govern
ment itself.
The consequence ofaconnection between
the Government and the bank was, that just
as the fiscal action of the Government in
creased from time to tin", the banking
transactions must also increase, or contract
in the same proportion. The great and lend
ing cause of the present overthrow of the
banks was the connection batween them ai d
the Government.
Mr. C. nt it adverted to th • passage of
the different tariff acts from the year 1824,
and proceeded to state that the consequence
of the last act that Was passed was to turn
the exchanges of the United States in favor
of England, and that the bank had, just
prier to General Jackson’s attack on it, ex
panded its issues in a remarkable degree,
which was made, in his (Mr. C’s.) opinion,
the pretext fora war against that institution.
In Ids estimation, General Jackson did
wrong in pursuing ih.it course. The char
ter was about to expire, and an admirable
opportunity would have offered for renew
ing the charter for a limited time, so as
to outfit e the charter of the Bank of En
glan 1.
With recard to the removal of the de
posites, he had, Kt the period of that event,
but one opinion, and that was that the ca
tastrophe which had occurred would come ;
and it had come at last. The tariff acts of
1824, ’2B, combined with the measures a
dopted in the British Parliament after tha'
period, had produced a change in respect
to the currency of the country. The two
acts in question, particularly, gave a west
ward course to the metallic currency, and
which was increased by the movements of
the General Government. It was a re
markable fact, that the three great suspen
sions which had taken place in England
and the United States, the present one, one
in 1813, and the one in Great Britain in
1797, (he believed) all resulted from the
connection of the banks with the Govern
ment ; and, to this cause, in his opinion,
the fluctuating of the hank currency was
attributable.
He went on to argue that the granting
of a charter for a national bank in Pennsyl
vania, or to any other Slate, would have
the effect of concentrating the commerce
and business of the country there, to the
prejudice of other portions of the Union.
He, in fact, regarded the giving of a char
ter as making a preference in favor of one
State over another, which was contrary to
the spirit and genius of our Government.
He maintained that, prior to 1834, there
was little or no connection between the
Government and the bank. It stood upon
a solid basis, and there was little or no ac
comodation on either side. The blow
against the bank had commingled the Gov
ernment and the bank, and that blow would
remain until the Government became the
bank, or the bank the Government. There
was, then, no other alternative, in his opin
ion, but a separation. He proceeded to
observe that he entertained no hostility
whatever to the bank, and he had dear
friends who would be affected by the de
cision of the present question. He blam
ed not the banks, nor the stockholders and
director*, for the many evils which had ari
sen. They had grown up without anv
man seeing the cause. Nothing but time
•nd experience could develope it.
What remained to be done was to re-or
gsnite the Treasury—to reform the agent*
of the Government. Nothing but their
adoption of this course would suit the new
condition of things. How that was to be
brought about he cotdd not nt present sav. i
It must not be a Treasury bank. No bill
should have his vote which was in any wav •
connected with the patronage of the Go- 1
vernment. He declarek that he entertain
ed the most implacable and deadly hatred
to any extension of Government patronage.
[Here Mr. C. Statek the objects of the
amendment he intended to offer, which
would be found below.]
He remarked that he desired the aid of
the supporters of the administration to
carry his measure, for without it nothing
could be carried. If he could see his way
as clear as the light of Heaven, he would
not trust the execution of a measure to un
willing hands.
With respect to relief for the country:
We owed money, and it must be paid, and
relief only would come in time, and by fru
gality and industry. He regarded tin
growing crops of cotton in Alabama. ,
Louisiana, and Mississippi, and the rice
and tobacco crops, as principally calcula
ted to bring about relief to the country.
After a f<-w other remarks, Mr. C. of- '
sered the following proposition:
Sec. And be it, further enacted, Th it I
from and after the first day of .January
eighteen hundred and thirty-eight, three’ <
fourths of the amount due to the Govern- s
ment, for duties, taxes, sales of public lands, n
or other debts, may he paid in the notes of e
specte-paving banks; ami that from am!
after the first day ol January, eighteen Imn- «
dred and thirty nine, one half may be so w
paid; and from and after the first day „f
January, eighteen hnmlred and forty, one- g
fourth; and from and after the fi lst day of fi
January e.ghteen hundred and forty-one
.all sum* due, for duties, B ale« of public
- - i r other debts to the Govcrumciii,
-hall be paid only in the legal currency of
the United Slates, or in such notes, bills, <->r
paper issued underthe authority ofthe same,
is may be directed to be receiicd be law.
Mr. BLN TON said he fully concurred
in the object of the mncndment. He tin n
"fiend the followisig amendmeuf, midi
moved that it be pt inted, together with the I
proposition offered by Mr. CaI.HOU.N, and j
laid on the table; which was agreed to:
Sec. And be it further enacted, That the
collection ami disbursement of the reve
nues shall continue to be made in the kind
of money directed by existing laws, until
the day of next; Irt'in and after
which time all the revenues of l 1 e United
States, -and of the General Post Olfiee, and
all payments to them, shall be received in
gold and sib er coin only, except in case
in ivhieh Treasury notes, or land scrip, max
be receivable by law; and on all payment
isoma de in gold coin, a discount of on<
I per cent, shall be allowed ii; f ixer of tin
■ payer. And, from and after the same dax.
; every officer or agent engaged in m ;kin
! disbursements on account of the Unite
St ites, or of the General Post Office, sli d
m ike all payments in gold and silver coin
only, or in Treasury notes whin authoris
ed by lav.-; an I any receiving or disbursing
officer, or agent, xxho shall neglect, evade,
nr vi date, the provisions of this section,
shall be dissmissed the service, and shall
forfeit all compensation which may then b<
due him.
Sec. And be it further ente'ed, That i
shall be the duty of the Secretary of tin
Treasury to prescribe regulations to en
force the speedy presentation of all Gov-
I ernment d afts for payment at. the plan
I where pax abb ; mid, in case of unreasontj-
I ble delay in such presentation, payment o'
| th ’ draft so delayed may be made nt aux
I orb 'r place within the limits of the United
Stites.
Mr. BENTOM also offered the follow
ing bill, xvliich was laid on the table and
ordered to be printed:
| A BILL to re-establish the currency of the
i Constitution for the Federal Government.
I /?.- if enacted by the Senate and Hmtseof
! Renresenlaliv s of the United States of
j Am rica in Congress assembled, That bank
! notes and paper currency of every dcscrip-
I tion shall cease to be received, or offered
i t payment, on act omit of the United
• States, orof the Post Office, or in fees in
I the courts of the United States, as follows:
j of less denomination than twenty dollars,
none after the third day of March, eigh
teen hundred and thirtv-s ‘ven; of less de
nomination than fifty dollars, non - after the
third day of March, eight'en hntidiPtl and
thirty-eight; of less deno nination than on<
hundred dollars, none after the third <1 iy of
March, eighteen hundred and thirty-nine;
I of less denomination than five hundred dol
lars, none after the third day of Ma ch,
eighteen hundred and forty; of less deno
. mination than one thousand dollars, none
! after the third day of March, eighteen bun
; dred and forty-one; and none of a -y <!-■-
i nomination from ami after the third day < f
; March, eighteen hundred and fi>rtX’-two.
1 Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That
I any person holding an appointment under
I the laws of the United States, ; nd any bank
employed to keep public moneys, wh’ch
person or bank shall neglect,evade, violate,
contravene, nr in any xvav elnd -, or attempt
to eltid’ , t! e provisions of this act, shall be
guilty of :ir. offence against the laws; and
the person so offending shall be liable to lie
dismissed from the service, mid the bank so
offending shall, on satisfactory information,
be discontinued as a deposit!.ry of public
■ moneys.
| After some further proceedings, the
question was taken on the engrossment of'
the hill by yeas and nays, and decided as
follows :
; YEAS—Messrs. Allen, Baynnl, Benton,
(Black, Brown, Buchanan, Calhoun, Clay
v of Alabama, Clayton, Fulton, Grundt',
Hubbard, Kent, Kingof Alabama, King of
! Georgia, Knight, Lvon, McKean, Morris.
p \ Nicholas, Niles, Norvell, Pierce, Rives,
e | Boane, Robbins, Robinson, Ruggles, Se
ivier, Smith of Connecticut, Smith of ludi
; ana, Strange, Swift, Tallmadge, Tipton,
I Walker, M all, Webster. White, Williams,
: Wright, and Young—43
| NAYS—Messrs. Clay of Kentucky,
_ ; Crittenden, Preston, Southard, and Spence
11
. On motion of Mr. Wright, the Senate
iadjourned.
THURSDAY, Sept. 14.
Mr. Buchanan presented two remon
strances from the city and comity of Phi a
delphta, against the admission of Texas
into the Union ; which were laid on the ta
r ble.
b i. Mr. Webster here observed that he had
, in his possession several memorials on the
j -ame subject to present, but that he should
I d fer doing so until he ascertained what
I was to be the action of the other body in
reference to it ; and he took the present
j opportunity of stating why he had not pre
-1 sented them.
’ Mr. V> right, from the Committee on Fi
i nance, reported a I ill to postpone the pay
ment of the fourth instalment of deposites
r to the States was taken up for consideration,
when
Mr. Webster addr s cd the Senate at
great length in opposition to the bill.
Messrs. Wright, Calhoun. Buchanan,
and Nile«, took part in the debate.
Mr. Buchanan then offered the following
amendment, to be inserted at the end of the
bill :
“ /VotWer/, that the three fir*t instalments
under the said act shall remain on deposite
with the S ates until otherwise directed l>\
Congress.”
Mr. Niles asked for the yeas and nays,
and they were ordered ; and the amend
ment was adopted. Yeas 32, nays 12.
Mr. Tallmadge moved to strike out all
a'ter the eu..eting clause, and insert the fol
lowing :
“ That the money depo iud and to be
d. po-i ed with the Stites under the 13th
S ction of the actof June, 1836, shall re
main on deposite with the States until oth
erwise directed by Congress.”
Mr. Niles a-ked for the yeas and nayi,
which were ordered, and the amendment
was rejected— ayes IS, nays 27.
I he tpies ion was then taken on the en
gro-smeiit of the bill, which was ordcre
for a third read n2*.
On motion of Mr. Hubbin’,
The Senate adjourned.
1' iuoa i, • epi. io.
The bill (o postpone the paxmctil of th
f uirth instalment of the d< posites to the
States, being taken up, Mr. Preston rose
and addressed the Senate y.l some length,
and was followed by Messrs. Calhoun,Crit
tenden, Brown, and Walker.
The question recurring on the passage
of the bill, Mr. Webster asked for the yeas
and nays, xvhirh being called, were as fol
lows: Yeas, 25—Nays, 17.
The bill to authorise the Secretary of tin
Treasury to issue treasury notes, being on
its second reading, ti debate ensued, in
wlm h Messrs. Wright, Clay, mid King ol
Georgia, took part ; when,
On motion of Mr. Wright, the bill wa
amended by the insertion of the word
“ ten” in the first line.
Mr. Wright moved tostiike out the word!
“of” in the first lino, mid insert the words
“not exceeding §20,000, to defray the ex
penses under the act;” which amendment
was agreed to.
Mr. Clay, of Alabama, moved so to n
tn- ntl the bill as to prohibit the Serreia-y
of the Treasury from purchasing Treas t
ry notes above their par value, u4iiel> wa
agreed to.
After a few words from Messrs. Wright,
Clay, Crittenden anil Webstet, the Senate
adjourned.
Saturday, Sept. 16.
A message was received from the House
•f Representatives, stating that it had pass
ed a joint resolution prohibiting the sale of
spirituous liquors in the Capitol and the
nubile grounds. Laid on the table.
After the presentation of petitions, the
Senate took tip the bill autliot ising th
•secretary of the Treasury to issue THEA
SURY NOTES.
A debate ensued between Messrs. Cal
noun, Wright, Benton, King and Walker;
alien, on motion of Mr. Calhoun, who in
im'ted that he would, on Monday, pro
pose a plan of Ids own, and give bis views
hi Gill on the subject, a further considera
'ion of it was postponed, and the Senate
idiotirned. [ Cor Monday's proceedings,
see first page.]
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Thursday, Sept. 14.
After the presentation of sundry petitions
and memorials,
Mr. Garland of Virginia, submitted, on
leave, the following resolutions which were
considered and adopted:
Resolved, That the Secretary of the
Treasury communicate to this House, all
the orders issued, and correspondence witli
the several depmite banks, in reference to
the transfers and payments of the sexcrsii
instalments due to the State Gox ertiment<
under thedepwsite act of the day of July,
1836.
Resolved, That he communicate to this
Hrn se the monthly statements of the con
dition of he deposite banks, from the l>t
day of January l ist to the present time.
Resolved, That he communicate a state
ment of each draft, mu] in whose favor
drawn, upon which specie was demanded
and protested for no i-pay in«-ni by any de
pnsite bank ; also, each Stale Government
xvnic ! ' has made a demand of specie and
not o iid. and the time when.
The II u-e then took tip a report of the
Select Committee on the rub s and orders,
the discussion and amendment of which oc
cupied the lime until the hour of adjourn
ment.
Friday, Sept. 15.
Mr. Lincoln, of Mass, presented stic.dry
petitions from citizens of that State, re
, monstrating against the anexation < f Texas
'to the Union, which, in accordance with a
■ rule of the House, were laid on the table.
' Mr. J. Q. Adams presented a a petition
lof Eleazer Smith, and other citizens of
1 Vermont, praying for retrenchment and re
form. [Laughter.] Mr. A said, that
| when he presented the petition, he was well
aware that the words retrenchment and re
form would produce nothing but a univer
sal -horst of laughter; but he presented it,
because among the rctreiicbment and re
forms asked for, was a prayer that the mem
bers of Congress may reduce their own sa
laries fift y per cen». This b -ing the case,
he could not bear to keep it in his posses
sion any longer. It was laid on the table.
Several other petitions and memorials
were presented ; when
Mr. Cambreleng, from the Committeeof
Ways and Means, reported a bill imposing
additional duties, as depositories in certain
eases, upon public officers, and for other
purposes, which was read twice and refer
red to a committee of the whole on the
state of the Union.
Mr. Canioreleng, from the same commit- '
tee, reported a bill for adjusting the remain
ing claims upon the Lite deposite banks.
Read twice, and committed to the commit
tee of the whole on the state of the Union.
The Speaker laid before the House ■,
communication from the Secretary of th.
Treasury, which is as follows;
Treasury Department, )
14th September, 1837.
Sit- t his report is submitted in compli
ance with the following resolution, passed
on tiie 14th instant:
“Resolved, That the Secretary of the |
Treasury be directed, with as little debit I
as possible, to communicate to this H nc-i
the amount of the appropriations of the |
past and present years, remaining unex-l
pended; the amount required to fulfil all!
existing engagements contracted prior to I
die first day of June last, and all existing I
•ngagements contracted since that time ;I,
dso, the amount of money drawn from the
Treasury and placed in'the hands of dis
mr-ing officers or agents on the first day ,
d May last and at the present time ; and ,
'hat he also report what objects of public I
"Xpenditure can with the least injury to the 1
inblic service be either wholly dhpensed '
""h during the pres nt year, or bear any ’
material reduction.” * I
The tabular statement annexed shows, as !
lesired, “the amount of the appropriations
•f the past and present years remaining (
■"expended” to be $24,075,239 37. (A) „
In reply to the enquiry as to “the a- 1
'"’""t of money drawn from the Treasury,
nd placed in tiie hands of disbursing offi- n
ers, or agents, on the fiist day of May 11
“t, and at the present time, I would state, 1
•at at the former period, it appears to Inn t
"on $5,264,052 95, and at the latter $5,-
19,540 76. h may be useful to add th n ~
'th sums are much larger th in they would
.tberwise be, in consequence of the unusu- u
STANDAttiI o|4 pNiOy
al amount ol depositi s by olticers «>1 tin
mint.
In relation to “ xvhat objects of publ’u
expenditure can, with the least injury t>
the public sei vice, be cither w holly dispens
ed with during the present year, or beai
any material reduction,” I would observe.
• bat a minute and critical examination on
this point, was instituted in May last by
this Department.
The result of it was, that enough of it
could and xvould be postponed till next
y ear, to amount to about §15.000,000.
Consequently, the expenditures during
the present year, xverc estimated in my re
cent report upon that basis. After every
delay of ihein xx hich the public interest nitty
permit, it is therefore expected, that, of tin
outstanding appropriations now exceeding
§24,000,000. not much oxer nine million
will necessarily be required to be expend
ed during the residue of the year.
Since the resolution passed, further en
quiries on this point were instituted in con
nexion xvith the other departments of the
Government; but the result has not beer
essentially varied, from that to xvbicb tin
department arrived last spring. The par
ticular heads of appropriations, that it i
supposed peed not, and will not, be expend
ed in full during the year, and the amount
niider each, are very numeri its and diffi
cult to be prepared ; but if desired, will be
submitted hereafter, with as little delay as
practicable.
The e.ulv remaining enquiry is, “ the a
moutit required tn fulfil till existing en
gagements contracted prior to the first dax
of June Inst, and all existing engagement
eontracted since that time.”
Each department has been requested to
furnish a statement '-n tlii- subject as earlx
as it can be completed. But some delax
being unavoidable, it has in the mean time,
be n deem' d advisable to submit i.nmedi
atelx the ansxver to the other portions o'
the resolution.
Those statements will | )( > ma lc as com
prehensive ns possible, hut can, of curse,
relate to only a small part of the whole ap
propriations of Congress, which it lias bei n,
•Hid will be. necessary to expend during
the year. All salaries of Judicial, Execu
tive, or oth’T officers ; the expenses of fo
reign intercourse; the pay and subsistence
in both the army and navy ; all pensions;
till Indian annuities ; all prix .-ite bills w hich
have passed; many miscellaneous appro
priations, with several other items, stand
independent of any sp-'ci.'l engagements or
I contracts made by anv public officer, and
I cannot, therefore, enter into this comp'ita
tioir
Respectfully, yours.
LEVI WOODBURY,
Secretary of the Treasury.
Hon. J. K. Polk,
Speaker of the House of Rep's.
A-
i Statement of the amount of appropriations
of the past and present years, remaining
| unexpended on the 11 th September,
1837, inclusive, agreeably to a resolu
tion of the House of Representatives of
the Ii ib inst. viz.:
Balance of anpropria
i tions on the -31st De*
I ember, 1836, §16,752,283 09
Appropriations made
at the second ses
sion of the 24th
Congress, exclu
! sive of the Pos{ Os-
fice Department, §28,575,837 10
Specific, and indefi
nite appropriations
made by former
acts of Congress, 2,824,250 10
48,152,370 59
Expenditures of the U. States
from the Ist Jan. to the 11th
September, 1837, 21,077,031 22
Leaves balances nf appropria-
i tions, 11th Sept. 1837, 24 075 239 37
T. L. SMITH. Register.
Treasury Department.
Register’s Office, Sept. 12. j
On motion of Mr. Bell it wa- laid on the
table and ordered to be printed.
j The House then went into a discussion
iof the rub s and orders, which lasted until
■ adjournment.
( PoSiticafl.
■ From the Globe.
1 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE—NO. 111.
It is asserted and reiterated by the bank pres
ses that tiie plan ot the President is to separate
■ tiie Government from the people; to furnish
a s ccie currency for the Government, and a
■ dcprcr.lat.ol paper cnrre.ncy fir the people, therc
. by making the office holders a favored class.
This is a total misrepresentation, which can
not lie otherwise than wilful. The President
does not propose a different currency for the
Government and the people. His great aim is
to see all enjoying a specie currency, or its e
quivalcnt-—to see all performing their appro
priate duties, and in possession of their just
rights. 1 hi* suspension of specie payments
was a teroag/o Me in which the Go-
vernment hid no agency. Tlio depreciated pa
per was forced on them in violation of right and
I law, nnd contrary to the wishes of the Govcrn
\ment. The laws of the United States, if eff
iciently executed, were competent to protect
( the Government, and those in its service, against
j this outrage on moral and legal right; but the
j State laws and State authorities have not been
j found competent to tie: protection ~f the peo-
I pie of the several States. The Government
I performed 1 s sworn duty, and executed th ■
j laws, notwithstanding the threats of violence
j and rebellion. The President thinks these
law's should bo maintained and execut. d hereaf
ter, maintaining the public faith unimpaired,
preservmgthe specie in the country and in par
tial circulation, affording the well-disposed an
example and a rallying point. He doubtless
Imheves that the stand take,l by the Govern
ment, if persevered in, will tend to hasten a
general restoration of a specie c rronev, and
to repair the wrongs which the people endure
He recommends the only relief measure withii’
'be power of the General Government-a
bankrupt law for banksand hankers, which will
compel them to restore the legal currency t,.
•Im people. Docs this look like being in favor
ihf SZ f »
Every man knows that the General Govern
ment cannot control the banks. They derive
- -dr ex.stence from the State Governments,
ind thiough those instruments tl e people them- .
selves do, or may control thmn. Theremedi
's m//zrir own hands, not in the hands es th. '
General Government. Ifthey chose to submit 1
o bo cheated and governed by corporation
■ v '' ; h l ‘‘Tj.ave created, and can at will des- ■
troy, ths Genera! Government cannot help it. e
iVhedier they will do so, remains to Im sei .
It thev do, they will have no right to complain
d the wi'onc and injury to themselves, and
licy xx ill have as little right to complain, that
those in the enqilox incut of the General Gov
■rnment axe not cheatcrl in an ecjual degree.
Every man may submit to Im cheated himself;
hut he has no t ight to insist that his ncighlmr
■ hall be elieated also.
But the people will n t submit to existing
wrones. They aie rallyinti in their might to
Icmand redress, ami to enforce it. As far as
dm example, encouragement, and aid, ofthe
General Government, can be constitutionally
»iven, they have it. TI e bank party are slrug
:ling to make their depn eiated paper currency
universal, and drive specie out of circulation,
mil out of the country, by forcing their notes
md shin-plasters on the Government and peo
ple both. The Executive resists this off.it.
uid the people must decide the contest. The
hank party seek to place the Government and
the jieople on an equality, and so does tl.e
President. But the equality which thev seek
to produce is an equality of wrong; the Presi
lent desires to sevan equalitu of right. He
wishes to see the people relieved from a dc
■irecialed currency, and he docs not doubt that
'he Government can aid in reliexirgthem, not
bv giving credit ami count'-nam c to a currency,
hut bv repudiating its use altogether, and ceas
ing to deal with those xxho persist in issuing it.
Ho’v insulting to the people is this proposi
tion of the banks! Havinglevied a tax upon
them, xvliich if it had been direct, they would
Inve resisted with blood, the y beg them not only
'o forgive this xvrong to themselve , hut join them
in inflicting the same wrong upon-others, ami
dms producing an equality of wr ng, and pro
tracting their own subjection to the banks! it
is the precise jiolicv of caslcrn despots who
emjilov men to enslave niankind. They hope
to deceive ami wield the intelligent people of
America, as tyrants have, through all ages, the
ignorant rabble of the old world, io extend and
perpetuate usurpation and wrong. The only
hope ofthe bank lenders is, to employ the ener
i>ics of the people, not, in relieving th> mselnr.s,
hot in forr'ng'the Government to submit to the
banks. They hope the people will not perceive
that, in doing this, they only prolong the
grievances under which they now labor, ami
strengthen the ha mis of the bank usur
pers Io oppress them forever hereafter.
And thus, xvith the aid of the people them
selves, it is ho|>ed to establish a bank dominion
over this country, to rule and cheat the jieople;
to secure the perpetual tree of the public money
for private purposes; to depreciate the currency
at will; to raise and depress die price of land,
produce, and manufactures; to concentrate all
power and properly in the hands of a few; ami,
as in most other countries, subject the many to
their absolute control.
Who govern the banks? A fexv rich men
among ourselves,and a fexv bankers and rich
mm in England. Who control our Govern
ment? The xvliole people of the United States.
The Government is\he people speaking and
acting through their agents. Around which
will the people r dlx? Do they ptefer the do
minion of a fexv rich men in their oxvn country
and England, over xvhom thev have no control,
to that of a Government which they have them
selves created, and can mould to their will ?
They will not chose a despot until satisfied that
they are not capable of self Government, and
then a batik despotism is the last thev will se
lect. Rather than be Governed by a sordid
money power, xvithout soul, heart, or con
science, tl-ev will import a roval scion ofthe
House of Hanover, or of the Biirbon stock, or
percham-h throxv themselves into the arms of
some Napoleon. Anv despotism is preferable
to that of money. Any master is more toleable
than a Shvlock.
Lot the people rallv to their own relief; not
to ai'l the Ranks in subduing the Government.
A bank triumph over the Government is a tri
umph over the poojde themselves. - The conse
qtien es are •" be f it b\’ the peojije and their
posterity. Let them not bo pi rsoadml that
they or their representatives aie their ow n
wors' enemies,, an I thus bo n a ’e instrumental
in conqm ring themselves,: lint let them fix their
attention on the b n'- s as the sources of the ills
they endnte, and in a reform of those institu
tions, seek present relicfand future seewritv.
The Presidon' cheers up the people by liis
own firmness and decision. He encourages
t' cm to strike for tln ir oxvn relief, not to inflict
wring on o hers. Let 'hem say to the hanks
in a voice of thunder, PAY YOUR DEBTS.
'l’he instant that is done, the people are reliev
ed. Without a long struggle, and great public
suffering, that is theonlv mode of relief. It is
not to be found in the destruction of the banks,
hut in their resumption of spece payments.
The hanks can give it if thev will; if they will
not. the people can enforce it. Having done so,
thev mav proceed so to reform the system as to
guard themselves against a return nf out present
cal a m i t i es. J F, F F E R SO N.
„ From the Frcninp; Post.
STORY OF UNCLE SAM AND HIS
AGENTS.
ion have heard how Uncle Sam was
treated by his agent, the great Bully Mam
_ moth, and how he at length, after great difli
e ctiitv, got himself, but not his nioiiev, out
I, of his clutches. But for all this harsh ex
a pericnce, either the good gentleman grew
- never the wiser, or he was so good natured
as to l.e over-persuaded by the same mis
, ehievous advisers, for he no sooner got his
chesnut out of one fire than he thrust it iu
to a dozen others, hotter than the first, just
. for all the world as a moth. aft> r getting one
. wing singed in the candle, never lasts till be
t has scorched the other.
s “In the multi tide of counsellor- there
is safetv,’ saith the i tsi ired writer, and ‘in
• the multitude of agents there is safety to
1 your mon< y,” said Um le Sam’s uninspired j
aovisers. “ A single rogue is a dangerous
t fellow, but in a muliit.ide of rogtrt.s t'mre is
( safety, for they w ill watcli ea. h other. Set
. a thiol to catch a thiefall the world over”
, ft was thus that these people—"'’tj.
• bearing in mind tha' though an honest’inkii
'•an stand alone, it is the instinct (as it
were) of rogues to combine to fleece him,
rather than each other.
Be this as it may, Uncle Sam, Lying ei
ther over-persuaded, or perhaps finding it
necessary from having been so lone out of
the habit of managing his own affairs that
by this time he knew nothing about them,
nstead ol one agent, selected the Lord
• nows how many, and thus tell out of the
frying pan plump into the fire. He thought
—for your brave honest men are apt to Le :
'U'edidous—that having mastered the big
iJtllly, he could easily deal with the little <
■'ties ; which notion of Uncle Sam reminds i
me of a story of a certain honest fellow, t
Who, being employed to take awav a quan- i
tity ol gunpowder which gave umbrage to |
he neighbors, only removed a great barrel <
md left a whole litter of little kegs behind, t
Being asked the reason of this negligence, i
tie replied, “ O, I thought if 1 took away c
he big one, the little ones could do no |.
harm.” v
Uncle Sam’s new agents performed their c
Lilies to a miracle, for the old man furnish- it
ed them with as much good specie as they ( w
knexv xvhat to do with, for the which they
gave in exchange a parcel of promises t<
|>ax, xvliich promises no hodx < xer thought
of calling on them to fulfil. They say new
brooms sweep clean, and, as w ill appear ii
the sequel, these new brooms ended in sweep
ing away Uncle Sam’s money nobor'y
knows where. In short, thev behaved s.
xvell at first that Uncle Sam’s advisers, xx h
it is strongly suspected were wolves ii
sheeps cbiiliing, counselled him to increa-a
the number of his agents, not choosing to
recollect that it is possible to. have too mtit b
of a good thing, as likewise the other equal
ly wise saying, that too much of a good
thing is good for nothing.
Matters now went on sxvimmmgly, for
both xviml and tide xvere fair, and it xvas al
downhill. Uncle Sam poured his treasma
into the laps of bis agents, xx ho determine'
to make hay w hile the sun shone, lent it otr
on interest to every one that wanted to bor
roxv, until paper money became so plentv
that it made every thing el<e scarce, inos'
< specially silver, gold, flour, pork, beef,
hav and potatoes. In short, the who!,
neighborhood was in a state of unparalleled
prosj erity, for every body owed the agents
more than they could pay, and the agents
were precisely in a like situation with Un
cle Sam. The “ credit system" was in all
its glory.
Truly hath it been said—or if it never
hath been said, I say it now, for it is high
time it were said—that of all the inodes of
happiness ever invented or dreamed of,
that of' running in debt would be liie most
infallible, were it only to last forever. But
as the great enemy of man and the credit
sytem will have it, payday must come; the
stocking must be unravelled at last, and
then nothing but old rotten yarn remains,
'rhe landlord will have Ids reckoning, and
when the feast is devoured the hill must be
jiaid. It was so with Uncle S mi’s Agents,
who had not only lent out all his cash, but
made so many promises, that on being cal
led on to fulfil them, and finding it rather
inconvenient to pay all, like honest fellows,
tiny unanimously resolved not to pay any.
A j.oor, foolish “ huge paired” day -labo
rer, who demanded payment of five dollars,
and was paid in another protni e, took the
liberty of calling one of fbein a rascal.
“Rascal 1” cried the other in a great pas
sion— “do you mean to insult us ? Do
we not treat you all alik ■ by paying none
of you, according to die strict rule ofe
quity, xvbicb ordains that we should pay
nobody theirj.ist dues, and thus dealing
equal justice to all ?” Report says that the
poor doh was not convinced, thereupon the
agent indignantly showed him the door, as
a fellow that would not listen to reason.
Things being thus situated, Uncle Sam
thought it high time to look to liis own af
fairs, and < all on his ag< nt- for the payment
of the balances due i jusl'v consider
ing that Ids cash was in ime nr.t danger,
and that those who could not or would not
pay a fexv dollars, wo’ Id have little means
or inclination to pay blind eds of thou
sands. In reply, the agents tendered him
jiavmcnts in jiromises, w hich, as thev had
already broken them, Uncle Sam declined
receiving in lien of silveraud gold, the on
ly currency, ns he said, that agreed with his
constitution, insomuch that w hen he got a
paper promise of one of these agents—
which he opprobriously called a “shin
plaster”—in his pocket, he always got a
stitch in that side, and could hardly keep
himself upri<jlit. The agents swore their
promises were as good as pie-crust, which
’every body knew was made to be broken;
iand that if Uncle Sun would not lake
’ these he might go and whistle for his mo
i nev ; fora man who did n t believe that a
111 ing without value was equal to a thing of
j value, was quite as bad, if not worse, than
I the teo rogues, who, against the testimony
of both truth and reason, denier! that a
ern t of bread was a shoulder of mutton !
“Bv the Eternal!” cried Uncle Sam,
“hut I’H be into your mutton, and vour
j bread-basket too, I efore I’xe done with
vo". I’ll row you up Salt River, m\ b .vs-”
“Row away!” cried these varlets, who
cared little for either law or g.ospel, lor
■ they knew they could tickle the judges a d
conciliate the parsons, by subscribing to
build churches. Experience had long since
taught them that the scales of justice are
not always xveighed down by right or rea
son, and that the goddess, to sjieak pro.-
famljV, sometimes places a bandage over
her eyes, only to shut out the light of
truth.
“ Plague take these rascally agents, to
gether with all other agents, past, present
and future! Here am I, with thousands,
and hundreds of thousands, good and to
spare from all debts, dues or obligations,
almost without money to go to market with.
Vv hat the d—l has become of it all ? lam
determined to find out, if I rip the secret
out of their gizza'-ds.” So he went to
work, but he might as well have looked for
the south pole in front of a barber’s shop.
He found (hat it was rather worse than
searching fortbe longitude, and was at last
obliged to be content with sitting down in
the midst of wealth, as poor as Job’s tur
kies, of which it took six to make a sha
dow.
Tiie worthy gentleman was now sick o’’
agents. The wisest man may be picked
n'fhis leathers once, but he must be worse
1 ''an a'goose ’u ho lake.-,
with.mt a fight for it. “By the Eternal !”
qouth he, “ but I’ll be my own agent, as I
was before I turned fool, and got others to
do what I coni.l do much better myself.
I hese varlets shall never touch another
dollar of my money. This shall he my
strong box,” cried he, slapping his breech
es pocket, “and may the old boy fly awav
with my agents, from Bully Mammoth t ‘o
the littlcst varmint that ever fleeced a beg
gar out of his last sixpence in exchange for
a shin-plaster.”
For my part, I most earnestly hope Un
cle Slim will carry bis new plan into ( fleet,
in spite of the opposition of the agents,
and al) the friends they have made bv'ltmn
iug (>ut the old man’s hnrd money, and
paying it back in promises. Things ar
come to a pretty pass indeed, if all | llu ,' Ps(
man, possessed of the five senses, and hav
ing had fifty years experience in t! e world,
can’t manage to rect ive his own mono/
keep it safe till it is wanted, and pay it 'a
way when due, without a pack of agents h.
cannot cwntrol, and whose reputations nr
"o better than they should be, as the ol
" Oman said of the weasel.
Washington City, Sept. 14,I 4 , 1837.
Messrs. Gales fy Seaton : In your paper
<f Monday last, referring to the commu
lication of a correspondent who urges the
-onsiitiitionality and expediency of a na
'ional bank, yon remark, “ Os the same
opinion was, as it is well known, his respec
t'd I, iend and associate, William H. Craw'-
brd, the sternest republican of bis day.”’
It is well,kieow n that Mr. Crawford advo--
'•ated, with all ti e powers of his great
nind, the renewal of the charter of the first
Bank of the United Spates in 1811. But
st is equally true, that his opinions respect
ing such an institution were changed be
•bre his death, as is shown bv the following
evidence in a letter addre-sed bv Mr.
Crawford to the Hon. Mahlon Dick
erson, on thesubject of a riroteclive tarilT,
under date February 4,1833. He says ;
“ Your esteem (I favor of the 4tli October,
‘ 1832, was received by due course of mail,
•an l would have been ansxvered sooner,
‘ but I have been unable, until a few days
‘ oast, to obtain the journals of the Federal
‘ Convention, Yates’ Secret Debates of that
‘ Convention, and Luther Martin’s Report
‘ to the Legislature of Maryland, of the
1 pari be acted in that Convention.”
After discussing the subject at considera
ble length, he says :
“ When I made up my opinion upon the
‘ bank question in 1811, that opinion was
‘ founded exclusively upon the Constitu
tion. The publication of the journals
‘ xvbicb 1 have now perused for the first
‘ time, has changed that opinion.”
In another part of the letter, referring
to the same journals, be remarks:
“ I verily believe, if they bad been pub
‘ lislied before the organization of the Fed
‘ eral Government, neither the Bank ofthe
‘ United States, the assumption of the
‘ State debts, ora protective tariff, would
‘ hax e ever been found in the federal stat
‘ tile book.”* •
Be pleased to insert the above, and ob
li
A GEORGIAN.
- * For the entire Utt?’ - , see Giles’s Weekly R*-
, Bister, vol. 44. png's 427 to-430. inclusive. *
57'47’A' RIGHTS anil UNITED STATES
RIGHTS.
■
■ Staiibard of
“ friends of the Union are our friends, and its
••nemi'S. our enemies."
t VZ .MS
s TI ESDAY OCTJ.
I THE LONG AGONY IS OVER.
I We have heard the roar of the last great gun ;
‘ The battle is over—the victory’s won ;
But wiio has conquer’d in the fray,
' Is to be told another day.
COL. CUTHBERT’S LETTER.
( We have read Col. John A. Cuthbert’s letter,
} which appeared in the Georgia Journal and
r Southern Recorder of Tuesday last, in which
i he expresses his determination not only to vote
; against Governor Schley, but to vote for Mr.
r Gilmer.
His remarks upon the subject are as follows :
■' “ During the early part of the administration
I of Gov. Schley, I support ;d him with cordiali
i) tv and zeal. Gradual devclopements of his
v ch iractcr under my observation during the last
a year, produced a great change in my opinions
t of the man; but until late in the last winter, I
! still intended to support him as the candidate
’ of the Union party. As I saw more of Inin, I
1 became convinced, not only that he was dosti
b tute of the qualifications requisite for this high
office, and tint he had already greatly inipair
o ed the strength <of a party for which 1 fee] a
r profound attachment, and to the support of
r ] whose principles I have devoted several of the
~ most valuable years of my life; but that his
p continuance in office for ano.ther term would
destroy the ascendancy of that party. 1 could
not vote for him without a consciousness of dis
honest servility and deep degradation. I would
prefer an open enemy to the party of which I
>’ am a member. Hut Ido not consider Governor
I Gilmer to be an enemy to the principles of the
Union party. I believe him to be an honora
ble man. and an honest politician, and at heart
( aI I nion man. I will therefore forego my ob
jections to him, and vote for him in preference
' to Governor Schley.”
Upon what grounds Col. Cuthbert haschang
ed his opinions, both of Governor Schley and
Mr. Gilmer, the public are left to conjecture;
for he neither brings a substantive charge against
the Governor, of malfeasance or misfeasance
in office, nor does he offer a solitary reason for
pronouncing Mr. Gilmer a Union man, after
having lor years, branded him as a Nullifier,and
in that character, held him up before the peo
ple.
“ Until late in the last winter,” Col. Cuth
bert says, he “still intended to support him
. (Gov. Schley) as the candidate of the Union
party,” from which it must be inferred that up
to that period, he considered him a Union man,
vji'e'iei tint 11~1S v7i
this great and sudden change in his mind and
conduct, should be made known to the public.
If the Governor has been guilty of moral tur
pitude, since “ late in ths last winter," and his
guilt is known to Col. Cuthbert, he should not
conceal it. It the Governor has departed
from the principles of the Union party, .nd
Col. Cuthbert knows it, he should proclaim it
tpon the house tons; and yet he brings no accu
•ation makes n> specification—points to no
ict oi violation ot duty to the country or party !
mt very gravely tells the people that he has
hanged his op nion of Governor Schley, with
"it presenting a single reason for such change!
Lit that he should all at once have discovered
hat Mr. Gihner is a “ Union man at heart,*’
ind “an honest politician,” is utterly astound
ing to those who have read the FEDERAL
UNION, for the last six or seven years, or who
or a m >ment reflect upon the position which
io now occupies towards tlio Union party. He
is now the candidate of the Nullifiers for tlio
iflice of Governor, and warmly supported by
iat party. It he is elected, be will carry ou
heir measures. He has never voted foi *