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EDITED BY TIIO.HAS IJAVNHS.
VOL. IV . ?V<>. -1«>.
’V’jti'inbiivb of Jstnion,
I’. L. KOBIN son, state Printer,
And Publisher (by authority) of the Laws of the Knifed States.
OFFICE NEAR THE CORNER OF WAYNE AND FRANKLIN STREETS.
ISSUED EVERY THURSDAY MORNING.
3 ■/* 1 ERMS.— I hrec L*nllars par annum. No subscription taken for loss than a
year, and no paper discontinued, but at the option of the publisher, until all an ear
ages are paid.
Advertisements conspicuously inserted at the usual rates. Those not limited
when handed in, will be inserted till forbid, and charged accordingly.
( IIANGE OF DIREC I ION.—We desire such of our subscribers as may at any
tima wish the direction of their papers changed from one Post Otiko to another, to
inform us, in all eases, oi the place to which th"y had been previously sent j as the
mere order to forward them to a different office, places it almost out of our power to
comply, because we have no means of ascertaining the office from which they arc
ordered to be changed, but by a search through our whole subscription book, con
aining several thousand names.
%% INES. CORDIALS, LIQUORS &c.—THOMAS M.
COOK, (at his old stand, opposite the Masonic Hall,) has
( ust received from Chaikston a general assortment of such articles
as are usually kept for sale in his lino, which he oilers for sale on
the most accommodating terms for cash—among which are the fol
lowing :
WINES. LIQUORS.
Cogniac Brandy
Champagno Peach do
Madeira Apple do
Pott Cherry do
Claret Holland Gin
Sweet Malaga Jamaica Rum
Teneriffe St. Croix do
Muscatel Monongahela Whiskev i
Irish do
American, French <fc Dutch Cordials, assorted.
Also, Cider and Ale in bottles, London Perter, Stoughton’s Bit- |
ten, White Wine Vinegar, Loaf Sugar, Gunpowder Tea, Butter |
Crackers, Soda do, Sweet do, Ginger Nut do, Sperm Candles, Soap j
in bars, Shaving and Toilet do, Salad Oil, Sperm do, Cavendish !
To acco, Cut do, Havana Segars, Maccoboy Snuff, &.c.
FRUITS, PRESERVES, sc.
Bunch Raisins, Soft Shell Almonds, Prunes, Citron, Preserved
Ginger in jars, Tamarinds, Fruits in Brandy, Capers, London
Pickles assorted, Catsup, &.C.
Also, Smoked Beef, Tongues, Dried Beef, Cheese, Table Salt,
Nutmegs, Mace, Cloves, Olives, and a variety of other articles too
tedious to mention.
Milledgeville, Oct. 17. 41-6 t.
CAPITAL STOCK *bn.iOJ. art V eid in— IVERSON L. HAR-
RIS, Agent ct Milledgeville, of the Georgia Insurance and Trust
Company, will take Fire and Marino Insurance on the most rea
sonable terms. THOMAS S. METCALF, I’res’t.
Wm- T. Gould, Srcr'y
Directors of the Georgia Insurance and Trust Company. Nov. Alh', IS3G.
Samuel Huie. Benjamin 11. Il'arren,
David W. St. John, Elisha Morton,
Adam Johnston, Edward Thomas,
Jacob Moise, James P. Stuart,
Solo nnn Kneeland, Samuel H Peck,
Hays Btwdre, Isaac T. Heard,
Pleasant Stovall, Gilliam 11. Morgan,
Artemus Gould, Harper C. Bryson,
John M. Adams, John V. Cowling,
Andrew J. Millet, Edward Padelfoid.
Nov 17—0
H& J. SH< • 1 '.V ELL. Druggists, Macon, Ga — The subscribers
• (former partners u! Ellis Shotwell, <St Co.) have resumed their
busin« ;sunder the above firm, at their old stand opposite the Brick
Tavern, and xvill keep a general assortment of Drugs. Medicines, Sur
gical and Instruments, Paints and Oils, of all kinds. Window Glass, as
sorted sizes, Glass-W aie for shop furniture. Perfumery, Fancy Articles,
Brushes of every description. Botanic and Patent Medicines Carpen
ter’s preparations, also his Essays Medica. Dye Woods, and Dye stuffs,
and a great variety of Miscellaneous Articles, which thev have received
a la r ge supply ot. and intend keeping their stock constantly replenished,
so as to be able at all times to supply Dealers, Physicians, Planters
and .others who may favoi them with their custom.
Intending to fee permanently engaged in this business, the subscri
bers from their long experience, hope to render it worthy the patron
age of old and new customers. Orders by lett.r will meet the same
attention as if made in person.
N. B. Garden Seeds, assorted, warrant'd fresh \ liberal discount
made to country dealers. H. & J. S.
Get. 11, 1837 39—ts
/I HUD’S st. Croix Sugar, 20 do Porto Rico do; 10 do New j
"Jx? Orleans Sugar
40 bbls double refined Loaf Sugar
25 “ single “ “ “ 10 boxes White Havannah do
150 Bags Green Coffee, 50 do Java do
10 Cadis Rice. 50 bbls No. 2 Maekeie l,
50 bbls. Ne> 3 Mackerel; 50 half bbls Nol &2 do
150 bbls Phelps & Barbers Gin.
100 •• N. E. Rum, 75 do N. Whiskey, 20 Monoug. do
3 Pipes Cog. Brandy. 5 do 11. Gin,
2 Punceons Jamaica Rum,
20 half <Sc quarter Cask W ine (various kinds)
50 “ Baskets Champaign (Fancy Brands)
50 doz. boules choice Mada. Port &■ Claret W ines
100 Diinijobns ass’d. sizes, 250 Kegs Nails &. Brads ass’d.
100,000 Pounds Sweeds Iron, well ass’d; 3,000 do Plough Moulds, I
1.000 ** Nail Rods, 1.500 do Band iron,
1,000 “ Hoop Iron; 1,000 do Scroll do
1,500 “ German Steel, 1.000 do Cast Iron
1,000 “ English &■ American Blister Steel
10,000 “ Castings, ass’d
51 kegs White Lead,
500 gal's. Linsee<*Oil.
500 do Lamp Oil, winter strained,
50 hhds. Molasses, 10,000 bush. Sat],
50 Boxes Sperm Candles, 30 do Tallow do
100 " 8w 10 &10x 12 Glass. 50 bags Shot.
1.009 pounds Bat Lead, 150 casks Dexter Lime, fresh
159 •• Thomaston Lime, fresh; 25 do Plaster Parir,
409 Pieces Gilroy, heavy 11 ?mp Bagging,
10,000 pounds Giind Stone..
SALT, One Dollar per bushel, for sale by
June 27. [2l-tf.] NICHOLS & DEMING.
VALUABLE LANDS FOR SALE.—The subscriber offers for sale
cn accomn dating terms, three squares of first rate PINE LAND
iu the 9lb Disti i< t, Dooly Comity, ten miles from Drayton, near the
road leading to Traveller’s Rest, and about six miles from the Rest.
There is on the premises, a new Log Dwelling I louse and Gin House,
and other outbuildings, Negro Houses, &e.. ns well as about one hun
dred and seventy acres of Cleared Land, which is mostly rich and in 1
good repair. The settlement has several fine Springs of cool water on it.
The termswill be liberal, and may be known by applying to JAMES
M. EVERETT, near Drayton, Dooly County, Georgia, or to
CH ARLES IL EVERETT, Fort Valley, Houston County.
At■ r'■ 1837. 35—-tJ 1
FOR SALE—The Plaxtatiom whereon I now live, viz: The
Standing Peach Tree Settlement, containing between 800 and a
10U0 Acres ol Land, on both sides of the Peach Tree Creek, and on both
sides of the Chattahoochie River ; between 1 ami 200 acres of the first
rate low grounds; a great part of the uplands lies well, and is good
for co>ton, as well as small grain; 200 acaes of cleared land, the best
es well and spring water, a good framed two story Dwelling House, a
Kitchen, Diniug Room, Well House, a good Store House nnd out Houses,
&c., a first rate Saw an I Grist Mill, a Ferry on the Chattahoochie Ri
ver, five public roads leading from tho premises, a Post Office at the
place, ami tho Mail Stage passing from Decatur to Rome three times
a week and back, quite a healthy and elevated situation for a town; and
as tho Rail Road is now locating from the Tennessee to the Chattahoo
chie Rivers, and going into operation, and in all probability will be tho
Central Rail Road to Macon, &c., and tho Branch Rail Reads from
both Athens and Columbus will intersect the Central Rail Road near
or at this place, there is several beautiful situations for a Town or Vil
lage ; but under all tho above prospects of advantage, the Subscriber, on
ths account of moving to the limestone water for his health, lie being
labouring u >dcr tho Dyspepsia, and li iving purchased land in Walker
county, is desirous of selling the above settlement to any gentleman or
company i f gentlemen who would wish to purshase the above settle
ment, with a view of erecting a town near where the Rail Bonds may
one day or other intersect.
Tho Subscriber has also a very valuable Plantation of Lnnil of up
wards of 2<X) Acr s, two miles lower down tho River, with over one
hundred Acres of cleared Land, and in a high state of cultivation, an
excellent Dwelling llotire, Kitchen, Corn Crib, Negro Houses, Ac.
well watered, perhaps as good, if not the best Lindon the Chattahoo
chie River. ’I he whole of tlio above i*’r niisrs, if soon sold, may per
haps be got for loss than one fourth of the real value, as the Subscriber
many of tiislricnds and physicians, advised to move to the Ihno-
JJne water for his health. J. M. C. MONTGOMERY.
W?|ENCING ACADEMY.—Mr. Bouoe, (a gentleman from
BL Paris,) informs the citizens of Milledgeville and vicinity, that
ho will take scholars, until the 15th Inst. He can, at any time, be
found at his academy, near the Court House. If his attention to
teaching should not be satisfactory, he will make no charge. The
art of self-defence will be taught in the Parisian style. Gentlemen
wishing a trial of his skill, can at any lime be accommodated.
Dec. 7, 1037. 47—2 t
Standard of Union.
GEOHGIA, TmiritSDAY MOMNJNG,
W—M—Ka ■■■■—— . I_J I |.| h .... ’ *
INDIAN AFFAIRS.
IN HOUSE OF REPKESEN DATIVES,
Dec. 13th, 1837.
Resolved, by the House of Representatives, That His Excel
lency the Governor, be requested to connniinicate to this
House, all the correspondence had with the President of the
Untied Slates, or the Secretary of War, in relation to the exe
cution ol the 1 reaty concluded at New Eeliota, and especially
as to the necessity <>t an increased military force therefor, and
all other correspondence which he may deem proper.
In House of Representatives, amend to, Dec. 12tlt, 1837.
JOSEPH STURGIS, Clerk.
Executive Department, )
1 Ith December, 1837. )
In compliance with the resolution of the House of Represen-
I tatives, passed this day, requesting' that I would communicate
! all the correspondence had with the President of the United
) States or Secretary of War, in relation to the execution of the
j 'I reaty concluded at New Eehota, and especially as to the ne
! eessity of an increased military force therefor, and all other cor
respondence which I may deem proper, 1 transmit to the House
ot Representatives the copy of a communication which 1 have
already made to the Senate, upon the same subject, upon a call
for information made by that body upon this Department.
In addition to that communication, I send to the House the
copy of a letter from the Secretary of War, received by the last
mail, by which it will be seen that the President and Secretary
ot War give to the autnorities of this State the strongest assu
rances that an ample force will be provided to protect our citi
zens living on the frontier; that the utmost vigilance will be used
to prevent the Indians from committing depredations upon them,
and every effort will be made to execute the treaty peaceably,
if possible; and if the Government should unfortunately be
compelled to resort to force, that measures will be taken in time
to prevent any acts of violence being committed by the Indians,
and effectually to sustain the authority of law.
GEORGE R. GILMER.
Executive Department, Ga., >
sih December, 1837. y
The resolution ot the Senate, calling upon me tor such in
formation as may be in my possession, relative to the necessity
of providing tor the defence ot the Cherokee counties of the
State, and what amount es forces, mounted or infantry, will be
necessary tor said service; as well as the best method of rais
ing and organizing the < nne ; and whi.t force, if any, Las been
organized for that section of the country ; an.! if any, wh it
force is considered in readiness to act for that purpose, has
been received.
In answer, I would state, that I have received no official
communication upon the several saljects submitted to me for
information since I hive been iu this Department; and that
those received by my predecessor, have already been laid be
fore the Legislature. 1 -,m now endeavotinu to collect infor
mation as to the nature and extent of tiie danger, if any, to be
apprehended by the people <d the Cherokee country, from the
Indi in-; and whether any further protection is required for
them, than what is already provided by the United States. If
any information sh uld be received which appears to be impor
tant to aid the Legislature in the discharge of its duties, it will
be communicated. The force which is stationed in the Chero
kee country has been organized by the United States, and is
stationed there to secure the execution of the late treaty made
by the Government with the Cherokees, and to protect our ci
tizens from Indian violence. lam not able to give to the Se
nate the information asked for, as to the amount of the force
organized for the Cherokee country, and ready to act. I have
understood unofficially, that it consists ot eleven companies,
amounting together to six or seven hundred men. Neither
am I able to state precisely, what description of troops they
are—whether mounted or infantry.
It is, perhaps, proper to state, from its connexion with the
call made upon me by the resolution, that by the 4th section of
the 4th article of the Constitution, the United States are bound
to protect the State against domestic violence, on the applica
tion of the Legislature of the State; or if the Legislature is
not in session, of the Executive. I have no doubt that the
authorities of the General Government, if they have not al
ready provided troops sufficient ti> protect the people of the
Cherokee country from Indian violence, will do so upon the
proper representations being made to them, either by the Le
gislature or the Executive. It the General Government is
bound to protect our people against the violence of the Indi
ans residing among lhe.m, and are willing and prepared to do
so, I cannot readily perceive any sufficiently important public
object to be obtained by raising State troops, equal to the
great expenditure which it will require on the part of the
Slate to support them.
r I here are evils too inseparably connected with having con
siderable bodies of undisciplined men stationed among the
people, which ought to be avoided if possible. Besides, it is
important that there should be no collision between the United
Statesand State authorities, in effecting the peaceful removal
of the Indians from our limits. It will be difficult to avoid
such collision, if the authorities of this State attempt to bring
about the removal of the Indians by different means from those
used by the United States for the execution of the Cherokee
treaty. The Indians have been accustomed to look upon the
General Government as the only power which could rightfully
control them, and willjieldto its authority far more readily
than to that of the State. They will, too, be much less dispos
ed to seek revenge upon our own people, if they arc removed
by United States troops. They will be le>s disposed to com
mit acts of violence at all, if they are permitted to remain in
quiet until the time for their removal, without the irritation
which they will be subjected to, from the presence every w here
among them, of State troops.
There is a difficulty of another kind, in relation to the rais
ing such troops by the State as seems to be contemplated by
the resolution of the Senate, which 1 would respectfully sug
; gest as worthy of some consideration. By the 10th section of
| the Ist article of the Constitution of the United States, every
! State is prohibited from keeping troops in time of peace, un
; less actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as not to ad
' mit of delay.
j From what I have been able to learn of the disposition of
i the Cherokees residing among our people, there is no danger
!to be apprehended from them at present. It is probable, how-
I ever, that there may be instances of violence committed by
I them, when the time arrives for their removal; and especially
| if they are trespassed on in the mean time, or disturbed in their
occupant rights.
In addition to the security to be derived from the United
States’ troops, I would recommend that this danger should be
guarded against, by requiring every Captain of a Militia Co
mpany iti the Cherokee country, to hold his command in readi
ness to aid the civil officers in arresting Indians charged w ith
the commission of crimes, and for suppressing combinations
among them for violent purposes. The law already' provides
J that in case of atty sudden insurrection or invasion, the com-
I mantling officer of the militia of the county shall order out
the Militia. The Governor is authorized by law, if’ there
should be a probable prospect of the Indians embodying f>r
the purpose of committing acts of violence, to call into s twice
such Militia f ree as he may think proper. That power will
be exercised, if circumstances should at any lime warrant it;
and I will take carethat the coeimanding officers of the Militia
in the couuties where there is any apprehension of violence
from the Indians, shall he required to discharge the duty im
posed upon them, in case of any sudden insurrection of' the
1 ttdians.
To render Militia Compani, s more efficient than they can be
made under ottr present laws, I would respectfully recommend
to the Legislature, to pass -a temporary law, applicable only to
the Cherokee counties, authorizing the Sheriffs and other civil
officers, to require the Captains of Militia Companies, and
those under their command, to aid them in the execution of
Ussr Conscience User Coecntrej— (Jnr JPartes.
tl.eir duties, whenever the number of Indians, charged with the
violation of the laws, or intended mischief, shall be so great as
to require such assistance.
I or the purpose ot avoiding any violence on the part of the
Indians, 1 consider it highly necessary, that they should be
protected m the enjoyment of the rights secured to them by
law. It is my purpose, therefore, as soon as the necessary in
foim.ition can be obtained, to appoint agents who will faitldul
ly discharge that duty, in the counties where there are at pre
sent no such agents. 1
II the Legislature should be of the opinion that these
means, v. uh the aid of United States’ troops already stationed
among the Cherokees, are insufficient to protect our people
from Indian violence, I would recommend that it make such
representations upon the subject, to the authorities of the Ge
neral Government, as will induce them to furnish a force which
will be ample for that purpose,
1 bat the Senate may know what steps have been taken by
this Department to obtain the information which it desires, I
transmit the copy of a letter addressed to the Senators and
Representatives ol each ol the Cherokee counties, and to a
number ot respectable private citizens residing in those coun
t es ; the copy of a letter to the agents for iJje protec
tion of the Indians ; and the copy ot a letter addressed to Col.
Lindsey, who commands the United States troops, stationed
among the Cherokees.
As connected with the same subject, I send to the Senate the
copy of a letter received from William Rogers, a distinguished
Cherokee, and the copy of a letter I have addressed to the
Secretary of War, at his request.
GEORGE R. GILMER.
Chattahoochie, November 24tb, 1837.
'Io his Excellency, (Jeorge R. Gilmer.
Sir :—The Committee designated iu the late Cherokee
i reaty, has instructed me to communicate to you their views
upon the following subject. First, the removal from New
Eehota by the Commissioners, of the business connected with
the execution of the treaty to the Agency in Tennessee, of which
fact they presume your Excellency is informed. Second, the
mission of John Ross to Washington. As both these subjects
have reference to the execution of the late treaty, and to the
peaceful removal es the Cherokees to the West, it is hoped that
the views of the Committee upon them will not be regarded as
impertinent or improper.
Upon ti e first ol these subjects the Committee are unanimous
in their opinion. They believe the Commissioners, in what
they have done, have violated the treaty, because it expressly
declares that the business shall be done at New Eehota, and
the public buildings there were reserved for this purpose. Was
the execution of the treaty and the peaceful removal of the peo
ple Lively to be promoted by this measure, the Committee would
acquiesce in it, believing that any partial infraction of the
treaty,productive of such good results, ought not to be opposed.
Rut they are clearly of opinion that no such good results
will follow. There are now within the limits of Georgia six
thousand Cherokees or more, who have made no pretentions
to remove. But from the best information the committee can
obtain, there is no doubt of a feeling iu favor of removal taking
ground rapidly among them, which ii properly encouraged
would lead to their quiet and entire removal by the time allowed
by ti e treaty. That encouragement the Committee think can
only be found in the continuance ofthe business at New Eehota.
The constant passing :nd repassing through their neighbor
hoods to and from New' Eehota, of so many of their intelligent
people to avail themselves of the benefits of the treaty, has bad,
and would continue to have, if the business was kept there, a
powerful induer.ee upon their minds in favor ofthe treaty and
emigration. In addition to this, many would (is they have
done heretofore) come to New Eehota to see and hear (who
would not go to the Agency,) because the former place is
c nnparatively at their doors, and then they are provided (w hich
they know) with shelter and a plenty to eat. And experience
has shown that tho.-.e who would come to see and hear would
be very apt to go ofl convinced favourably toward tlut treaty.
I could state other reasons to show the bad policy of remo
ving at this time the business from New Eehota, but I trust
sufficient has been said to satisfy your Excellency that the Com
missioners ought not to have left the limits of Georgia, with six
or seven thousand Indians in it, until all means to remove them
peaceably had been exhausted. The plea upon which the
business has been removed, is in the opinion ofthe Committee,
without foundation. It is this: ‘’liios.tof the business which can
be accomplished has been done in the State of Georgia.” The
fact is the greatest part ol the business which has been done in
Georgia has been done fortlie Tennessee and Alabama Cher
okees, and at least two thirds of the number removed on from
those States. Why then quit Georgia, if their business is to
persuade die unwilling. There are six or seven thousand such in
Georgia, while there is not more than fifteen hundred in Ten
nessee. li they go to attend to the business of the willing, it
can be shown that nearly all of this class have had their busi
ness settled at New Eehota and are now gone to the West. The
truth is, the agency is to be made the seat of this business more
lor the benefit of a few Tavern and Storekeepers, than for any
thing else. In regard to the mission of John Ross to Washing
ton, it is the opinion ot the Committee that the Government
should elo w hatever it intends to do with him, as speedily as
possible. If it intends to treat with him, let it be done. If not,
let that determination be made known to the Cherokees at once.
The reason of this will appear to your Excellency from the
fact, that the spirit of emigration is now almost extinct among
the Indians, from a belief that Ross will annuli the treaty, res
tore them their lands, and expel the white people fiom this ex
pectation continues emigration can not go on while Mr. Van
Buren continues ti*treat Mr. Ross with distinction, and ap
points agents to confer and reason with and beg him, this ex
pectation will be kept up. For while Ross is deal to reason
and persuasion, he will, as he is now doing, make use of the con
descension ol the Government to practice this wretched dclu
i sion upon his people. Promptitude and energy with Ross will
do more now than any thing else. The Committee feel deeply
upon both.these subjects, so much so, that they have sent my
brother Johnson Rogers and John A. Bell on to Washington,
to endeavor to get the bu.-iaess ( f the treaty brought back to
New Eehota, and urge the Government to come to a speedy
and final determination with Ross. Should <his course of the
Committee meet with your approbation, 1 am directed to re
quest yo-r co-operation with the Committee’s delegation in any
way which you may think best to effect these objects.
1 have the honor to be,
Your Exc< llencv’s obedient, humble servant,
• " WILLIAM ROGERS.
Letter addressed to the Senators and Representatives of the
Cherokee counties, and also to other persons in the State.
Execi tive Department, 22d Nov. 1837.
Sir—The nature and extent of the danger to be apprehend
ed by our citizens in the Cherokee counties, is a subject upon
which the Legislature and the Governor should have correct in
formation, if possible. You will therefore, aid the public ser
vice, by informing' me, at as early a time as you can, whether
there is any danger to be apprehended by the people of the Che
rokee country, and if there is, when difficulties may be expect
ed, their character and extent, whether the force which the Uni
ted States has stationed among the Cherokees is sufficient to
restrain the n, if properly directed and stationed judiciously.
If not properly directed and stationed judiciously, state how it
can be done to aid the protection of the people. If you are of
opinion that the force which the United States has in the Che
rokee country is not sufficient to protect the people, state what
additional force you think necessary, where it should be sta
tioned, how and when it should be employed, with such other
information as you may consider applicable to the subject.
Very respectfully, yours,
GEORGE R. GILMER.
Executive Department, )
24th November, 1837. $
Col. William Lindsay,
The nature and extent of the danger to be apprehended by
the citizens of Georgia residing in the Cherokee counties fro7>
S I“<l>«»'s.a>nong them, is a subject of great interest to
the authonttes of this State, and about which there is some
difuculty m obtaining correct information. Your command in
that country must enable you to understand the temper of the
imi-ins, and toe ability ot the United States troops to prevent
the Imuans combining together, for the purpose of making at
tacks upon the people of this State, if they have the disposition
to no so. You will oblige me very much, and aid the public
service, by communicating to me, at as early a date as you can
conveniently, your opinions upon this subject.
Very respectfully, yours,
„ e w .„ . , GEORGE R. GILMER.
.b. V nil you inform me what number of United States
troops are now tn the Cherokee country and their discipline,
wnether infantry or cavalry, regulars or militia, and if a part of
eacfi, what part ? q R G
Executive Department, Ga. >
30th November, 1837. )
I o the Hon. Joel R. Poinsett,
Sir I enclose to you, for the information of the President,
the copy ofu letter received from Wm. Rogers, one ofthe Com
mittee uesignated in the late Treaty with the Cherokees, to
transact the business on the part of the Indians, arising under
the Treaty.
He represents that the Commissioners appointed by the Uni
ted States for settling claims, have removed from New
Eehota to Calhoun, and he appears to think that New Eehota is
the place fixed upon by the Treaty, where all claims are to be
settled, and such, I understand, is the opinion of the Indians in
this State. W hether the opinion be correct or not, it ought as
suredly to be acquiesced in by the Commissioners, if the suc
cessful execution of the Treaty, or the wishes and convenience
of the Indians require that New Eehota should be the place. I
had understood from other persons, before the receipt of Wm.
Rogers letter, that much dissatisfaction existed among the In
dians on account of the conduct of the Commissioners, in remo
ving to Calhoun, and that a considerable number of them would
have enrolled for emigration from this State, if their claims
could have been settled conveniently to them. I know Rogers,
and believe him to be a very respectable man ; from his state- j
meat, confirmed as it is by many others, I would urge upon you
the importance of directing the Commissioners to return at once
to New Eehota. I would also ask the attention of the Presi
dent to the suggestion, in Rogers’ letter, as to the conduct cf
the Government towards John Ross. The opinion is now ve
ry generally entertained by the people in the part of this State
which is occupied by the Cherokees, that the greater portion of
the Indians in Georgia would have come to the determination
before this time, to remove beyond the limits of the State, but
tor the prospect held out to them by John Ross, that he would
obtain some modification of the Treaty from the United States,
by which their right ot occupancy in Geoigia would be extend
ed to them for a longer time.
I consider it of great importance to thejpeople of this State,
therefore, that the General Government should determine at
once, il possible, upon the course which it will pursue as to the
application of Ross for a modification of the Treaty.
Apprehensions have been created among our citizens in the
CheroK.ee country, that the Indians will not leave this State at
the time required by its laws and the Treaty, without difficulties
and bloodshed. I believe that these apprehensions will be great
ly quieted, and whatever danger may actually exist, removed in
some degree, by the Government pursuing the policy suggested
in its intercourse with Ross.
Until I can ascertain whether Ross will aid or obstruct the
removal oi his people from this State, I cannot determine whe
ther it will be necessary or not to provide additional means for
the protection of our citizens, to those already furnished by the
United States, in the troops stationed among the Indians.
Whilst I am calling to your attention our Cherokee affairs, 11
must request that you will endeavor to restrain the military offi
cers in command on the borders of that part of the State occu
pied by the Cherokees, from arresting our citizens, without
warrant, and carrying them prisoners into other States, to be
tried by tribunalshaving no jurisdiction over them, for acts done
in this State.
Such conduct, on the part of the United States officers, to
wards our people, obstructs the active co-operation of the two
Governments, in effecting the common object so much desired
by both, the peaceful removal of the Indians.
The information which I have received as to the illegal ar
rests of our citizens by the United States troops, has not been
in such an authentic shape as to enable me to lay it before the
President; and I allude to it now, because I am fully satisfied
that instances of such improper conduct have occurred, and are
producing some excitement against the Government, ana against
the means it is using to execute the Treaty.
It the conduct ol the United States troops can be made such as
to induce the people i:i the Cherokee counties to rely with con
fidence upon their disposition, as well as their ability to protect
them from the depredations and violence of the Indians, I shall
be relieved from much of the embarrassment arising from the
nature of the public service in that part of the country.
Anxious not only to protect the citizens of the State from all
Indian violence, but that the Indians themselves may leave the
country with as little suffering and inconvenience as their situa
tion admits of, I would, if possible, bring about an entire union
of action and views between the authorities of the United States
and this State, as the best and most certain means of effecting
these objects. I have no doubt of the disposition of the Presi
dent and yourself to afford ample protection to the citizens of
this State from any disposition ofthe Indians to commit depre
dations upon them, and I do not doubt but that the President is
satisfied that I will endeavor to have the rights of the Indians
protected by the Agents of the State, whom I am authorized by
law to appoint for that purpose.
I am desirous of knowing the number of troops which arc now
stationed among the Cherokees in the United States. A call
has been made upon me by the Legislature, now in session, up
on this subject, which lam unable to answer. May I ask that
you will furnish me with it, as well as the kind of troops, wheth
er militia or regular ; and if militia, when raised, and for what
time, andjby whom commanded ?
This information is further necessary to me, on account of a
bill which has been introduced into the Legislature,to raise State
troops to guard the people. lam satisfied, myself, that there
is, at present, no danger to be apprehended from the Chero
kees. When the time conies, however, for their removal from
the State, and the lands occupied by them now, become subject
to the rights of the grantees under our laws, a very genera'
opinion is entertained by the people in the Cherokee country,
that many acts of violence will take place.
The Indians residing in the mountains of North Carolina,
are very uncivilized and savage, and may be disposed to unite
with the same class, in the adjoining parts of this Slate, to com
mit depredations when excited by the necessity for their leav
ing the State. '1 he people of that country, are anxious that
one or two additional companies of mounted men should be
raised witinn the State, or that the Government will take into
its service, companies already raised, who might volunteer foi
that purpose, to be stationed along the frontier adjoining North
Carolina and Tennessee.
Will you submit this matter to the President, and know
whether the measure proposed will be adopted by him, and
communicate to me, as early as convenient, his determination ?
I am desirous of obtaining the views of the President upon
the several subjects of this letter, before the adjournment of the
Legislature.
Department of War, >
December 9tli, 1837. j
Sir —Your letter of the 30th of Nov. was received last even
ing, and immediately submitted to the President. In conform
ity with his instructions, I have the honour to communicate to
you his views on the several subjects of that letter, and hope
they will reach you before the period you designate.
The subject of the removal of the Commissioners from New
Echotatothe Agency, was duly' considered here, before orders
were extended to that effect. The power to give these direc-
F. Xj. aeoaiNisOxY, pacpßiE'irnfe,
i j lions under the treaty, is regarded by the President as unqucsawW 'i
1 I tiouable, and 1 iiad, myself, no doubt ofthe policy cf the
sure, or the expediency of their removing, from time to time.kiSsM
xiich places as may be found most convenient to the
and tiny may return afterwards to New Eehota.
'L'he object of the Government is the same as that
r.?.C'’ih'm y, mid ;i it does not immediately yield to yodSH
pect, it is only because it believes the cimrso
more likciy than any other, to lead to the speedy and peacS
removal of the Indians. On this subject the members dos tliUM’
Committee are nut safe counsellors, and the language held bvflßsr
their emissary here, is at variance with that contained in the
ter to by Air. Rogers, but on the contrary rep’artk.frfi
movement of the commission at (hi; time <o the agency,
lv pro;,er and expedient, and approves the m-getiatio3 Alil'W
Ro-S and the Cherokee delegation, as politic, because
lluence v.iii determine the question of a peaceable or forcible
removal. J ?
With respect to the conduct of the President and of this
partment, toward, John Ross, it has arisen from the san.etjffl|K
live—the peaceful execution of the treaty.
Your Exceliency, in saying that you cannot determine '
er or net to ; .ruvide additional means, for the protection nfjKBW 1
pm turn of Georgia, until you know whether-4G>ss will 'jOWll
obstruct the removal of his people from the
the influence this Chief possesses over the Cher o k
I have somiht only, in my correspondence with him, to
to a favorable account. He has never been led to .CMjj
he could obtain any essential modification of the treaty;
language held to him is kind and conciliatory, but firm and-ts h
elded, and he has Leon lately told that he alone will be
sibk .er ah the sufier.ngs of his people, if he cbstinatelw
in obstructing their peaceful emigration to their '
r: ’ ! with him will Im brought to a close, as scv"L. 1|
as we abandon all hope of rendering bis influence n sf
averting the evils which must attend the forcible execution of tfe V i
treaty, of which your Excellency shall have timely advice.
The force now upon the Cherokee frontier, con«i§ts of eight '-wl
hundred and nineteen, (the description of which will be seen by
the accompanying statement,) under the command of Colonel
Lindsay, an, able and discreet officer, and is, lam persuaded? W
ample to ensure the peace of that part of the country at present,
and it is the intention el this Department, long ere the season j®
for operating there arrives, and before any well grounded ap*—
prehensions need be entertained of violence on the part ofthe 'O
Indians, to place such a force in position on that frontier, as will >
not only afford ample protection to the citizens who might he J®
exposed to attack, but will convince the Indians of the utter
hopelessness of resistance. If in the mean time, the people of .Ml
that part iff Georgia, are anxious to have one or two addition- t laQ
al companies taken into the service of the United States, as a’
measure of precaution, orders will be given to Col. to
receive and station them along the frontier adjoining North' ’ /-W
Carolina and Tennessee. This is all the additional force it would
be justifiable to engage at present, and that contemplated to.s?H
be raised by the Legislature, for the protection of the people*'-, vl
of Georgia, would not only be superfluous, but calculated- to
embarrass the operations of Government. ’ JM
The President charges me to express to you his hig^Vjdjfc,.,'/IM
faction at the assurances given by your Excellency, of]
cordial co-operation with the authorities of the United JI
executing tha treaty, witli as little suffering and
to the Indians as possible, and to assure you on his part
his earnest disposition to afford ample protection to the
of Georgia living on that frontier. I beg you to
the utmost vigilance will, be exercised by this
prevent the Indians from committing depredations unoMMftfl’•:
border sett’.ers and every cliert I > execute the treaty
if ti.. G’.m ernment should miibi
cumpclltd to resort to force, that measures will be
'time, to prevent any acts of violence being committed fciy
'lndians, and ellectually to sustain the authority of the JMB
With respect to the illegal arrests said to have been
officers in the service ofthe United States, first brouafikio
notice by the letter of your Excellency, the matter ’AliaV ■be ,l Sj tg!
promptly enquired into, and if there' exists any w '
reason for complaints, in that or any other partlcufiiii,«r
conduct cf the officers of Government, thej shall bi''lmhieai - *!
ately removed. I cannot but believe, from the
the commanding officer, that there exists on his part \ r
disposition to protect the people from the depredations/ag:i.thc'sJ
violence of the Indians; and care will be taken by this
Hient, to furnish him with the means to enable him to do SoSf ( ',W
Very respectfully,
Your most ob’t servant,
J. R. POINSETT?
His Excellency, - r
GEORGE R. GILMER,
Governor of Georgia, Milledgeville, Geo. to
Troops under the comnnind <;f Cclunel William
in the Cherokee Country, token from the September
turns. ’
One (’ompant of hh ('nite’':' State I mimt,"'., under) V
Lieut. C. S. Howe, ~
Seven Companies of Tennessee Volunteers, mount- 7 _ . t i
ed, under the command of Lieut. Cid. Powell, )
Two Companies Georgia Volunteers, mounted, utt
der Capt. Denick, j
One Company of North Carolina Volunteers, mount- ) _ r
ed, under Capt. Truit, y ’
Aggregate Volunteers, 773 Jagl
Aggregate Regulars and Volunteers,
All are mustered for twelve months’ service. The
the Georgia A oluntccrs expired, and will expire, on ' ‘ y
November, and 2.2il Deeeml.o r, ret pert ivol y. ‘ uS||
Thme from Teimcssce in July, and t!io>e from Nor!
litia in August next.
(Signed) JN. MACOMB, A. A.W|
Adi’t Ge.ti’ls Office, > ■.'■/■ig
Dec. 9, 1837. ) fl
PREAMBLE AND RESOLUTIONS.
Whereas, The people of Georgia have, lor many
been divided and torn asunder by party strifes, and the prop
gross of Internal Improvement and other important local in- JH
forests of said State greatly retarded by said divisions; arid
whereas, said divisions have originated mainly from a
of opinion on mere abstract political theories, often fffy
ed with any proposed action; and whereas, the intelligence
all parties is now concentrating in the prosecution of plans 'js
carrying oat and perfecting many and great works of
Improvement of paramount importance to the whole State;
whereas, nothing is bt tter calculated to thwart and totally dtr
feat said plans, than a re-division of the people into parties up
on national questions, involving at present, opinions only; andS- -S
whereas, it is at all times inexpedient, imprudent, and danger
ous to their liberties, that the people of the United States shculd
commit themselves for the support of any great political
sures proposed by the President or ether officer of the '
Government, until th.e details of said measures shall have
fu'ly developed am! distinctly understood, with their relative
and comparative adx antages and disadvantages; and whereas,
the !T< ddent of the United States is committed against a Banlfl ”■£!§
of th.e United States, and the people of this State, of all par*
ii:have opposed that Institution, as constituted by the chadß , flag
<-.f irltf, upon Constitutional objections, and the denosite orMfr<§gjHl
bank system ha<, to stiy the least of it, failed to answer the ■' "jgggj
de-ie.no.l in its ciention, and no model of a charter of a newTH
States Bank, or system of a Sub Treasury scheme, has bemMfT.’yt.
authoritatively proposed; and it is therefore impossible for tqHr'iraß
people, understanding:ly, to choose, at this time, between thcWS|||
three, which will be most e.rpwZtt’Mf, or least unconstitutional.
And whereas, these are subjects of vital and overwhelming'
interest, to the existence of the Union, and of the rights of the }
Southern and Western States particularly, daily agitating the
National Legislature, introduced without ourconsent, and tilled '
against our most fraternal solicitations, unceasingly expresagri,
Jto wit: the Memorials anti Petitions from the North, petdjna-'™ *3
W4IOI-i:iWO.