Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

at wVn-'A, nh .• associated with many «»!’, I ’■F r Juj^‘r u ’'' ,< ’ •'’•*’ c: " ir, * ! .v unspotted by that j F ’hi”l “k'’ ol t’i:» uit Union Iris b-comej a I iition > grett I jO“", it »u M . V m Burro’* lot to e on- ms Vim 1 nisi ration, o !»»:*. lei, embar- iWtortuavs much severer th tn t:io< ■ r* pei-iemed m>m 'liflM^^^Br.i.-v, many begin to he unea*v. — p Wadiii^^^^V ith of th’ F< drill Government time couldget the better of, hut left la hi* •uc- I at the greatest enemy we eoald ; has uprooliW the deep-sealed internal improve-j settling' and >■ iking bead tgaiast the i I luted Statm, had nw« of th'-rw diifi «oie* to cope to those wnii h*b«’»-t Mr. Van K .r.-a iu lire I payments, hostility ®fa tl*->«.» u! H-ak* : aid <:( their millions ol debtor* ■id depend, an, ' direetcßßf n powerful opposition, fltdred with the hope »i t',* i nvei'lhrWiT' of his Administration. Ilia trial* were without *i- ! ample, and his manner of dealing with the'S wis t< d ; d*e*'-‘ ent from General Jackson’* over* helming activity, th. re *j, something apparently so passive in Mr. Van B'lrra’s ■ resistance to opposition, saelt a t.-vt d rkaage frota ike Ei«eu- | live vigor we had become used to, and for »everal year* upheld i a* thcconstimtional ward, that :st»r as lite PreJjest's V**l ! Irtend*, supporting him, not lor oA e, bit •»« principle, hr»a» to apprehend that, if not uaequ.il to th* crisis, at least the »«a*« ■ would think so, as indeed <a«ny jaersao* of all classes openly 1 pronounced, Fi'atiklin, J.-4'r>aa t ••! al <di>«a, coa-idrreil i patient rn I time-abiding reliance an popular intelligence, as the true p >licy of Government founded ou the sovereignty of, the | eople. Most of us have witnessed the stupendous power and traai cendent talents of Bonaparte, • •ar.t.ne at lax by the leu sal ient resistance of patient policy. And I believe rt is ao« fisst becoming a very general impreision with th- Democratic party, that the President they elected hai proved hitmvlf eeuixeutJv qualified to be a leader as well as Chief Magistrate, aad that djts system of government is working mst snetess as effectually a» it attempted to be achieved by * istare towering Administra tion. There is a time for ail tiling*. Ge». Jacksou’s mode' was well calculated fur hi* time; bat perha;Ht Mr. Vaa Baren’s method may prove more efficacious at this period. Encoan-1 tered in the very honey uto<'U as his caaoectioH with the Gov- 1 eminent by the most formidable cooiplicatiua of embarrass ments, without filtering or overaction, he instantly, calmly, and courageously met the exigency by a noble message to Con gress, which, with great wisdom, virtue, and forecast, put his Administration before the country upon one plain, simple, and ■ just principle, to stand or fall by. Leaving to Coorreu their , •hare of a great responsibility, wi heut the least eucourage ment on their province, Ire did not hesitate to take bi* own i •hare. Thin fri/rnp/e was an Executive rccorsmrndatiaa that, the constituted authorities should put aa end to all schemr* #f finance and sources of spec datio.i. by closing for ever that dis- i astrons succession ot Treasury experiments aad ministerial contrivances, by which the Fedetal Government had perplex ed its-ls. distracted the States, and violated the Constitution, by batiks, first National and then State, and restoring the pul>- lic treasure to what and where it wa< fixed by the Constitution, •imply but absolutely separate Government entirely from banks, leave banks to themselves, and the community in their com mercial exclmrtges to themselves, -and collect, keep and pay the public dues in good money hv individual agency. This i* on- ofthost recurrences to first principle* w hich is nmong the best lessons of Republicanism. It it • inetsttre which ciust immortalize its author whether he succeed with it or not; a conception marked w ith the enduring simplicity of genius, in harmony not only with ottr Constitution aad institutions, but with the tendency and intelligence of our great mother coun try, and with the genius of the age—one of those indispensa ble reforms, like the separation of Cbuch and State, whose adoption sooner or later is infallible, even though their authors fall before they ultimately succeed. Avarice, party prejuidice, fear and other unworthy passions, fell foul of it at once, as they doofall improvements, and ths ballot boxes from Miine to Mississippi, influenced by banks, betrayed their power in furi ous opposition. It was an issue which i-eiiu dto be desperate, but will'h, it alreadv begins to appear, was wisely ventured, and will be followed by a triumphant verdict of approval sootier than was anticipated. I cannot forbear to mention that there is reason to believe * that a bosom friend of the Pre-tdent, a gentleman of great of charact-r and supt rioritv of intelligence, now by voluntary and honorable resignation no longer a member of his cabinet, was hw-clii.-f confidential adviser in this admirable appeal to popular virtue, intelligence, and independence.— They both knew that there wis no hope for it but in the very people, a few well-informed men of property, and the many men ot industrious independence, who live .without connec tion with banks, or regarding the increase of their store as the greatest good. It was hardly to he expected that victory would be so soon now as it serms o be. But it appears thvt the mass tin ler-t.inds and appreciates a principle so just, so sim ple, and after a year’s elucidation, by dint of sharp controver sy become so familiar, that nearly every unprtjtidiced person is now its advocate, women and all, and more than all. The ebb of opp > ition, with all its noisy rush, is nearlv out; the li !e of m'jorit'n s is co.' vitly (ting in, front Maine, one of the first to go and to return, to uitehaiiLieable .Missouri; State after State, from North to Smith, rallying to the rescue of an Executive, only a-king the country to support a pint which surrender* vast Executive iufltienc.e, hv merely disconnecting G ■'venimciit funds from private speculation, collectmir them in good money, and managing them without the int rfi-rence of corporations. All the Smith feels its rights re-mred bv it; and all the North will find that justice to the South is benefit to the North. Mr. Van Buren’s taking high ground againM rerkles* Abolition, was another master stroke of Union. I will not say that his administration of our foreign affiirs has been as satisfactory as in these its leadiag domestic measures, by w hich lie has proved bims-lf to I e * man of the first class, in ide of thit staff which Mr. Adams thoucht was not in h's nature, qu i t -d tn govern a great nation, and in whose sat raei ty, wis loin, and firmnejs, not rn ly a partv, but v community, may place full reliance. I confe.s that do not approve of Li., p dicy with regard to the Canadian troubles, though I do h.'.i the justice to own that he has much better opportunities ol k'lo.ving what ought to be don« than I can pretend t<>; and I respect his deep-rooted aversion to war, ami anxious d 'sire to preserve peace with x nation whqse cetmections are so inti nate with n trs. Still, with all deference, it seem* to me tint the United State* r , ~i o be expecud io maintain an army on the St. Lawrence, at great expense, to prevent Amer icans front sympathizing with their neighbors in a cause just like fh'-ir own, mid that after the outrage at Schlosser it is very had ;:;»tiry to be so forbearing. Another difficult principle of Democracy much favored in the .Middle and Nmthern States, hit adhesion to which w»s d > t >!'■ ! during the fir-t few months of his quiet administration, .Mr. v in Buren ! t* carried into full effect with exemplary propriety. I nv-an the principle «f rotation in office which Penn, Jefferson, and all other patriarch* as well as the philos ophy of Il'-puDii -au Government, inculcates as one of it* fun d t-nmit ;! iv • ul-ii ui* I b*li v■l am warranted by the truth in d' i'i uing th.it dr. Van B iren h n i t no instance arbitrarily remov'd an imliii ltial from ofti r, while lie was faithfully •■lm iii-t I'iug tlr' laws which vacate offices at t rm* of years, by t tc app iititmuit of fie-h inc nihent ; which is the true principle of lotatmu. I . bis uppnintments likewise he appears to h ive coiisiui'H’d himself a trustee to the public wdl, not nt lib'-ity to gratify any capricious predilections or aversions. Hi- i tio iof men have been made with praiseworthy anxie ty ( r public g i id and approbation, looking to public fitness and pfiv itc wot tit; and the promotion whitdi lie has bestowed on m.iity of tliov distinguished for literary and intellectual altainii.'i’iits, refli cis a ci'(lit on hi* Adiniiii,(ration that will list, !>■ sides being a policy that secures the he-t support in time of need, mid makes provisions for historical vindication. It is not doing justice to bis Administration to forget that it inherited mm l. of fits predecessors, so tliat ike present Presi dent, with Itts forbearing prepossessions, is hardly yet al perfect lib.rty. It forms no part of mv purpose to compare the President will) his competitors, without referem e to whom .Mr. Van Buren Iris proved himself emiuettily worthy and capab'e of the Chief M.igi-.lracy. Many will not approve of ills Administration (to li'r any cireiini'tances. But those who put him at lite head of lb • country have found him a man of talents, princi pl •, iucei ii',', <h ci ion, and firmm'ss, under whone government , lite United . itot s urn pro-perous, and udvam iug, by simple 1 iii 'titn i m-, to tli'ir great d"stitiy; tit 1 ’Union is safe; Reptib-i licmt io-tit;i(i >n, are flmirjsliing; our foreign relation* are I coihl'k ti <| by a nmere lovei <J |.eaer, who will, nevertliidejs, we it o t, tnaint.iin the honor of tile greatest Republican empires. 1 and our int-rnal concerns are settling upon that basis <d true political economy which all tnodt tii infeliigente mid experience attests as file broadest and best. Mr. Van Buren has not Gen eral Jackson’s personal popularity; he never will have it. But though no victory has ennobled, or veto i!l<i*tr:t‘* ti his careei, h« i< the author of’ the greate-t reform attempted in tl'.is coutitn , * an I a pilot wdio has weitliered terniv a storm more f.'.irlid . than l'»ttle. His per*«ual dcimnmnt ha* I .en so unexyep tionablr, that he ka* proliddv imt tni lr an rn. iny, while Mr Cla*, in Setisle, i* bis personal reason tw be gratis.'d with his conduct. Ail c.nisidnate and dispassionate Kiiwricans must a< ku>twledyi the sterling merits i»i itis personal Chief Magi«tracy, which ha* disarmed oppusi tiuM <>4 must wf i(s aiatcri .I*, a. his n*ea»ures hive di-siptted the eJ' iaeats of pank* excitement on r.h. h it throve.- (’aha but ■nfalti'riwg, del’ereMlial vet inflexible, adherence to piiiteipb', aithowt appeal tw p puHr passim* or pnjudiir, with dignity, hmh pet*.»ual x*t I iiffi.'it»l, k. ka* engaged the tilfeti lion, the rrti'.iu, and the approval ot ’aii iuereasiug ma jori'i of th' p'nple, ng whose iuodligrni'e aud virtue lie cu-t ’Xehor. The worst is over, much sooner than ■> ight have •rm espretvd. Tin- I*rr*i.ieut pat his Aduiinisti ution on au i.**ue « kick taiiiy of h'- real, and allot’ hi. ureleu'ied, a !!n r eats, emtsidetv i fatal t'.> him. Rill he ba* prov.-d the wi*e-x. Even if ke bad falh a it would l ave bv. ti with Lmitur um»r i«i->hed, aad a good coUs.'ience to r, po*e *.pou .fterw at d».— Bat he has ri.en ; he ha* »nc< e< d.-d ; h- w ill suc erd; and De mocracy tto* owes him a lai y e debt of ackim* U J; Uo tit This is not the fas ;') tge wf 3 dVry, <*r »'di ii«u<«u, but of « calm, watchful, aad *v.a cri.i«'«4 » l r»erv»r, «tixi a», iwtlced, f>c Mr. Vas tSuien’. well doing, hat determined, find alwax* read*, t > deiiouH- r kit*, if •e<e*i.»rv. !' is li idtcation offered les* fur him tiiaa w» tk-« D-titucratu' ml- rest with wbiidi hi* Adtainisiraii )» i* idrwt ti-i, wdm.e cohesion it i- meant to cherish; n«»t for lb? m-u, hat for the measures of which be is tire re»rese>it«tive. Il is coutradu tittn of' iiidi.critu'.uate optioaitiwn, and di.crimma'.iug' support ot the Adinini.tiaiitni, such as I deviu ’he true ground of an independent American. THE ARMY AND NAYY. The official organ* of “ the peace party in war, the war party in peace,” who “ sink «s their country rises, and riw «* their country links, have raised a wonderful clamor heeansc a writer in tbs Globe had the moral courage to e.x|»>4e some »f ths *buw» which have for a time been tolerated in the Navy. We have seen n«» attempt M.idr on the pail of th* Federal j.varnals l*> disprove the ckarfes, unless malignant vtfuperation and abuse, their nsftal substitnte for argument, b» allowed to pa»« fora refutation. It i«i not a little wonderful, th*, a party who maintained “ that it wa» oubecouiing a moral aud reli gious people to rejoice in our victories” during tile last war, should •II at ware he Slled with such patriotic horror at i* M attack upon the Navy.” a* they modestly tern* it. But how doesit happen tb it they bavn no sympathy for thn Army! Ou* xf their own leaders, the Boa. Mr. Crittenden, es Kentucky, uaed the follow language is the Unitad States Senate during the last eeisiwu, but net ■ word nf rebuke, n*t a paragraph of remonstrance, kas appeared in s single Federal paper. Is an “ a’tack” upon the Army less deserving of thetr outburst* »f hypocritical indignation, than upon the other arm of our national defence t 3ut let us hear Mr. Crittenden : “And it was these very brave spirits, ( never heard of bitt in the hour of battle,) who were totally neglected bv the bill before them; while others, who had lived their career in o io nninterrupted * tn sliine, were alone made the recipients of Government bounty. Was it not time that such a system should be checked ! Was it not lime to break up th* Praetorian cohorts, the*e Capitoline guards, half of ficer, half ciolliciH, ‘ sprinkled with the dandy,’ who were dancing attendance at the skirts of Congressmen, or basking in Executive sunshine ; never seen in the hour of danger, and found only where favor* were to be had.” IMPORTANT FROM WASHINGTON. We learn from a source which may be relied on, that on Monday last a gentleman of high ch trieter waited upon the President of the United Stat's, and laid before him letters, documents, ?zc. Sxc., which he had received from France, and which were intended to prove, that the expedition now fitting out in France ostensibly aeiinst Mexico, is in reality intended against the I,land of Cuba! The communication is said to have excited considerable un easiness at W i*bington, but we are sure unueces-arilv. France well knows that such a proceeding would be looked upon a a Declar ition of War against the United States and Great Britain, and treated according!v, and therefore cannot enter tain the idea. [New York Courier. Frc:i *S. sS. PRENTISS. We are informed by the Southern Sun, that this distinguished tour j ist will not be a candidate for re-elccdon to Congress.—Meteor-like, ns bis history has been, we were not prepared tor thi< amiumnation —we mean, did not expert it; we had supposed that I o would a* least make an attempt to redi em lus !)oi-ii-g plertee, “that .Missi-- sippi should stand by M.nsacltii-etts, in the c nni'ig utfsidentia! con test”—that the sweets w hicti he so lately snuffed from the ‘ redolent’ timbers of old Fim 'iil Hall, while on a pilgrim igi to the shrine of the godlike Dan ■ would not so soon bare evaporated—but, alai k ! “ how unstab’e ste human afftits, »nd how mwertain all the calcuh ! tions of men.” “ Yesterday, th- voire of Croi was good against i the world ; now”—bnt stop, we smeil • r*'—M -*-rs Bincsman, Hen derson, Rodlev, Grayson,*M <rsh, and all other goon whips, who with loniing ryes are looking to the I’nii-.-d Smtrs Sen,er, arotisr yom so’f, another Richmond is in the fiekl. **•■■. Pr-nitiss, who with s <-h accuracy, d‘ irru d 'hr varan* seats of Mes-r*. ( liiborne and Ghol son with anxious looks, is turning toward- the seat of .bulge Tr ater. We predict, gentlemen, that your chanct s ar l ' bad. Mr. Prentiss lias rerent!v made a tour —was every where considered a p-r-o-d-i-c-' poke in Boston—spoke in New York—-poke in .New Orleans— and indeed everv where, in surh wise that :i vulgar conundrum, bv a still more vulgar and sandy democratic wag in the N rib, became quite current, who having h-ard of the prodigy, and w ho, fooli di man, had been taught in carb life to view that monstrous fish, vclept “ Whale,” as quite prodigious, being one day asked why the said S. S. wi» called a prodigy, replied, “ B'-cau e, like the whale, be snoots every where he goes;” and can v nt, g"')tbman candidates, bring forward such claims 1 we guess not; —show your papers, o r stand aside, and make way for the prodigy 11 Emm the DaH’j Mitr.nvri THE GLOBE AND THE NAVY. If it were not for the breeze the Opposition papers have i been making about the Globe ,»:i:l the Nov. we sit mid have been in a perfet t calm of late. The great Federal luminaries and their little satelitcs, the letter writers, seem to have (alien out wi h their occupation entirely? We have had nothing as tonishing or asioundipg from them for a mouth past ; n<, cabinet d flicuhic* or dissolutions, nor even a new Conserva th • eandt’late for the Pi esi btn y'. ’l'hr rumor st trt' dbi the Republican [it hurt- our O.lin.i* to give tin- hon Tabb appel lation to a F« It ral papei] of Cincinnati, and re echoed bv the kindred journal of the same name here, that General H irri-ou j wa» to be the Democratic candidate, instead of Mr. Van B tren, i» the last sad effort at a sensation amongst the rumnr makers. In default of their exciting topics, it m y he w ell to call the attention of the public to the List womb rfnl thing the Federal new-papers have discovered to start!- the nation witlial, to nit; the “ Glolfe'i outrage ow the whi< h con.i.-t* in a gentle stirring tip of the loafers in the Navy, who campaign it in j Washington, and when ordered <m service, call on the head of j the Department ami Aeg <,/, because, perb ip«, their grandmas ' are sick. Ihe Globe thought it right that the mrriioriowi of ( the Navy, who did not shrink from liitv w hen order’d on it, ‘ should not hr confounded wit those lazy louts who hang about I Washington from year’s em! to year’s end mid that public at i tention should be called to the abuse in order to correct it. . 1 hat such abii-e* do exist, and have existed for vears, is not I denied—nay, the opposition papers who exciaim at the | “ Globe s outrage ’ for exposing it, *|| claim to have exposed it long, lodv ago. Bn theirs was no mr/r./g-e. It was all well Wiiew they outraged th* Navy. \\ hi ? B eatise it was dom - I to injure th* A liniiii-tritio.-i, ami, eftours-, the N ivv, which. 1 a* Mr, Clay said, was “sound to the con ,” would n >t mind ! fifing (Irubberl a little, provided the cudgel knm k <1 Mr. Van Buren down at the same time. But when the same atuist s are sought to be corrected in order to advance the honor of the Navy ami the Government—Oh *ti* -harm ful ! To show how well de-erveil were the remarks which have called forth all this wrath upon the Globe ami the Secretary of the Navy, we quote a paragraph below from “ Bit knell’s Re ! porter,” a Federal paper, written in April last. li jetd, we might quote from various other quarters rcmatk- of the same tenor, ifit were mces.my. Bit we believe public attention is inffi- ietitly arou-ed to dm subject. It will do the work. We shall hear no more, soon, of the drum - who bang on the rnetii bi r’s skirts at V/a hington, to save themselves from unpleasant dwt V. Fro... Hitk.uirt l’hiladc')>).i. Krporter, Stn il 17. Th” Secretary of the Navy has been subjected to very se vere cemure for tie failure of the (xpcdifioti. ami ip some in stances has been abused for not getting it to mi. Much of the complaint or nbu-c, or by v.hatever name you may call it, has not been merited by Mr. Dickersen. The causes which led to the failure ol the original expedition, may be ascribed to the want ci di-rip im* and pom r in the Navy Department. ' The I ict is, the country ha- but little control over the Navy-. Its orders are disobey-fl or disregard-d by officers, so much so, that 1 was not long .-hue informed by a naval cotutuamler who was ordered to a foreign station, that he found it almost iin pos ble t.. t e I'r -t-s-ai'y ofileers !< as-ist in the command I am l uaviaati mos h' !; f.ig uc. Every officer who was ordered | to ho. -lop dri'lined th* saint’. Some plead sickm ss, others ■ the distr s- urn! afflictions of’llieir families, and others tendered their resignation rather than join her- Unless the Secretary ot the Navy be invested with peremptory power to issue orders the Navy will be of but little use to the country.” SxOVKKJWK’N .11 KSSA« K. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, ) MiLI.EDGEVIt.LK, 6th Nov. 1838. J / i llow ( itizens of the Senate usd Lloose of liipresenlatires: I you upon the successful removal of tile Che rokees fro a t:ie State; that you will no ionge. be hahi-sed in v our I-;:-i itir<- proeei'.liug; by th perplexing relations which have hith. rt-i r-.i.u .I b tween th-m, the United Statt ~ ami G. onus ; that our citizens are at last in the quiet possession of vl their iaii I-; mi tan State the undisputed sovereign within her ou ti territoi v. I.ii'iiediately upon coming into office • correspondence was entered into with iiit*!lig*ut pt-wusi* i* differed part* of the < in rokee country for the purpo**< of szeertainiug Uir tesupvr »'.td design* o’ the liidiaus, a.n<l lh« extent of tiw danger to be AUpre'i-t'clcd from tli -tu, and with ilw Secretary of War, and Col. Li:i l-av, (then co mnumlmg iw ties Cherokee country,) a* 4 ‘ th'-' i*rce which should be provided to tjive security to otxr citi n'is •. Enquiry wxs tsade into the conduct of the agents who had 1 fires .appoint'd t > protect th* right* of the Indians. It having been l<>:iti 1 th at this trust, important both for the character aw 1 peace of the country had « >t heex discharged at all by some, •nd abused by others, and that cc.usiderabl* irritation had already k-ea ex< it"d by trespasses wpoa the property of the Indians, xnd fsy the i:i«utkorise.l interference ®f the officers of tkt United States is asswtaing tlie right to adjust them; measured were tskrn to control this improper conduct of the officers, sad respectable agents were appointed to take care that w rongs dwtir to the Indians should be properly redressed. It was considered liighly important not only to secure the people against au tu il danger, but to ervate among them such confidence ia their safety xs to prevent the panics from idle rumors, to which those who are exposed at all to attacks from Indians are peculiarly subject. The militia of the Cherokee country having been disorgan ized by the withdrawal of a considerable part of its force to Florida, orders were gives and repeatedly enforcsd upon the nfiierrs to perfect their commands. A regiment composed of one company of mounted infantry is each of the Cherokee counties, was formed and armed in pursuance of the act passed at your last session. Upon the urgent request of this department ten volunteer companies of mounted men, of the militia of the State, were ta ken into the service of the United States, and stationed near the large Indian settlements in fortified positions, as assembling places for the people in case* of alarm, and to control the con duct of the Indians. When th? erpiisttion was made by the authority of the Presi dent of the Umted States, for twenty companies of the militia of the State, to be employed in enforcing the execution of the i Cherokee treaty, orders were immediately sent by expresses to | the commanding officers of the twenty regiments, nearest to ' the Cherokee country, to raise one company from each, have I them organized, and marched without delay to New Echota, the place appointed for their rendezvous. Upon General Scott’s arrival at that place on the evening of the twentv-tbird of May, he found an army of Georgia militia, armed and ready to exe cute his commands. On the 221 of May, the day before the expiration of the time when the Cherokees were to have completed their removal from the Stat", accordin ’ to the treaty, the President laid be fore Congress th? t-'rm-o r a new contract, with th" Chiefs of the tribe, by which he assured them that they should be allowed two vears to r miain in the Stale, if that length of time should be fomrl necess.arv for their comfort am! convenience, that they should emigrate the: es if they* desired it, that the Govern m’'i*t would protect thetr persons and property from all illegal acts of enerrnv-hm mt and violence, «nd that instructions shou! I b” sent t.> the commanding General, to act in conformi ty with the-? assurances. Fortunately for the country, our D”op!e, tn I the Indi vis. the dre idfil scenes of strife and massa re wbi h this con duct of the President was calculated to pro d ii* -, vere pr vmite Iby the promptness and energy of General 5 -oft an I the Georgia troops; all difficulty in removing the In d’an having been overcome, and Gen. Scott left the State be ’iirebe received the instructions issued in pursuance of the pro ►oeds of th" President tn the Cherokee Chiefs. No troop, were employ ml bnt the militia of the State in re moving the Indian’. Th? Slate is greatly indebted to them, General Scott and General Floyd, both for the efficiency of their services and the universal kindness with which the Indians were treated. T i ’ amm n.ianving (10-.mipents will show the course pursued by th” Exe- ntiie Oc:> irfrne: t upon this subject. A bout the 1• -t <»’ Mtv. a bnd vof I ndlans fro i Florida, too!, ■efuge in the Ok'dinokee Sv a mn. Dir" tian-were im: a diate iv given t<> the comm tnding oifieers of the militia of Ca’ ideii • 'id Ware Counti"-, to call out th ■ whole or such potions oi their comm ia Is is they might consider necessary for the dc '’■nee of the i:>h ibitants. The President was informed at the same time of this inva-ion of the State by Indians, and re j-mst-'d to order to that part of the. country, a competent force to repel them. Th ■ -carcity and high price of provisions, the sp irseness of the population in the neighborhood of the Oke fin'ikee, and th" want of an appropriation of money bv the State for that purpose, rendered it very difficult to keep the mi'iHain th" field. Under these circumstances, frequent appli- C'tl otii were m ule to (he President and Secretary of War, io direct supplies to be furnished, so as to enable the militia to act eilic'ently in affording protection to the people until the United States troops should supply their place. The Depart ment was answered that the United States had no Quarter Mas ter or Cornm’- s rv, who could be spared to perform this service. As soon as inform ition was received that Genera! Taylor had sent troops to the neighborhood of the Okefiuoke, orders were issued to discharge the militia. This was done with less hesitation, from the confidence which was had in the vigilance and ability of General 'Taylor, and the information which had been previously received from the most respectable sources that the Indians were very few in numbers and had made no attacks upon the Inhabitants. Immediately after Gen. Taylor had stationed hi- troops around the Okefiuoke, and before the discharge of trie militia, right or nine persons, mostly women and children, were horribly massacred by the Indians in the immediate vicinity of the station of' a company of the United States dragoons, and not very distant from a considerable militia force under th * command of Col. Hilliard. The alarm produced by this unfortunate event caused the general aban donment of their homes and property by the people of that part of the country, ami brought upon them great distress and suf fering. Additional troops were taken into the service and orders given for rai-ing a regiment which has been since organized and mustered into the United St ites service, and is now operat ing under the comm mil ot’ Gen. Floyd. Il is to be expected from the gallantry of this officer and his regiment that the sav age enemy will soon be destroyed or driven from the State. Application has been made to the War Department to pnv the militia ol Ware and Camden counties, who were called out by the State to repel the inva-ion of the Indians. I have been tnswered that there are no funds subject to the payment of such claims. It wdl he proper, therefore, for the Legislature to make immediate provision for the payment of the militia and for the supplies furnished them so that the accounts may be laid before Congress lor reimbursement. The sum of one hundred and forty-six thousand three hun dred and forty-foiir dollars, eighty-five cents has been paid bv the State in the execution of the law of 1836 to provide for the payment of the volunteers in this State for services, losses, .and expenditures during the (’re k and Seminole campaign’, in I the law upon the vim • subject passed in 1837. This sum fi ts been-charged again-! the United Slates with a credit of four thousand eight hundred and eighty-three dollars, three cents, th" mu xp'ndeil balance of thirtv-five thousand dol l:< ; placed in the hands of Governor Schley by the Secretary of War, to be expend' d by him for the public service in the Se:nt:n)l<'and Greek campaigns and which is now on deposit in she C('Utr:i! B in! , making the actual amount charged a? lin-t the United States, one hundred and forty-one thousand fi re hundred and thirty-one dollars, eighty-one cemM. As soon as the accounts were audited and paid off' and eirpies made out, they were forwarded to the War D. partment with the request that they should be passed upon as soon as possible. A communication was addressed immediately thereafter to each Senator and Representative in Congress from the State, informing them of wliat had thus been dmie, requesting that they would ascertain what portion of these accounts would be paid by the War Department and apply to Congress for the pas sage of a special law directing the payment of the remainder. The session of Congress was too near its close when the a<- cmuits were transmitted to Washington City, to admit of any •ettlement. before its termination, and no information has been received from the War Department upon the subject since that time. The progress of the Western and Atlantic Railroad has been satisfactory. The grading and iv.asonry of one hundred miles have been contracted for upon favorable terms; fil’y of which will be executed by the month of July next, and the re eiainder by the end of the year. The entire route for the road to the Tennessee river has hern surveyed. Several new routes of parts of the road which k id been located, have also been surveyed in ortl r to satisfy the deinand* ofdiiTereut sections of the country, ami to ensure rfie be*’ location. The length of the road from its southern termination to the Teini' i ve river will be one hundred and thirty-firnr miles, and in; cost according to the estimate of the chief Engineer, (ex clusive of the right of way, and of the services of the commission vrs,) about two millions five hundred and eight', thousand dol lars. The survey and location have cost about fifty-oue tboa «<sd dollars. Th* chief Engineer i* of the opinion that the cost of the road will be les* then any other railroad in the United States, con structed in t e same manner, and on an equal scale. In pursuance of the law, authorizing the board of commis sioners in conjunction with the Governor, to sell State stock, to raise funds for carrying on the construction of the road, one hundred thousand pounds sterling of stock have been issued. The President of the boar !, (Mr. Crawford,) who was deputed to sell this stock, found it unsuitable for the market in conse quence of the form ia which it issued. Mr. Crawford was, [ however, enabled to rai.-t three hundred thousand dollars, with the premise of an additional hundred thousand if it should be wanted, by pledging a part of the stock and agreeing for tlte Legislature, that it will at its present session authorize the issu ing of such stock as will suit the European market; that it shall be offered for sale to the contractors as early a* the month of April next; and that the money which has been advanced shall be refunded out of the proceeds of the sale. The State is to pay five per cent, interest upon the loan of this three hundred thousand dollars, from the time that the bills drawn by Mr. Crawford on the contractors, shall be accepted and paid in London. The fund* thut obtained in New York have been sold here for a premium of about four per cent.; so that the use of three hundred thousand dollars in Georgia money for one year has been procured for the State, without cost, or not exceeding one per cent, per annum. The Legislature is re quested to make immediate provision for fulfilling this contract. Means must also be .provided during your present session, for the purchase of the iron railing for the road. As the State will probably have to rely almost entirely upon credit for car rying on its works of internal improvement, it would perhaps l>e good policy to authorize at once the sale of stock, sufficient not only to repay the three hundred thousand dollars borrowed and for the purchase of iron railing, but for whatever amount may be necessary for the entire completion of the Western and Atlantic Railroad, and for giving to the railroads which are now progressing by incorporated companies, such assistance as mav be demanded by the public interest. The great value of our agricultural productions in Europe; the freedom of the State from debt, and the high credit of our Banking institutions and mercantile men, will < liable the State to enter the Stock market with many advantages. The accu mulation of Wealth in Great Britian and the filling .up of all the avenues of profitable labor and investment, have rendered the price for the use of money exceedingly cheap there when compared to its value here. The extended commercial con nection between Great Britain and the United States, and the approach which they have made to each other by the late im proveuvnts in steam navigation, have made the surplus money o! Great Britain almost as accessable to us, as its manufactures of iron and cotton. Nor is there any stronger objection to our becoming borrowers of that surplus capital to add to our means of accumulating wealth, than to our purchasing its products when they can be obtained cheaper than similar productions in our own country. So long as the use of money is worth eight ■ per cent, per annum in this State, it cannot be injurious to the i public interest to bring money from abroad at five per cent., to | be employed in constructing works of internal improvement, whose profits will most probably repay the capital and interest expended upon them in a very short time, and which might not be executed at all without tints obtaining the aid of foreign i capital. The risque and delay which nr-st always attend the trade from the Gulf of Mexico around the peninsula of Florida with the cities of the Atlantic, and with Europe, can be best avoided bv a tin? of rail-road from the Chattahoochee river to the At lantic. Great advantages would he derived from thus direct in -r this trade tn our seaports, and the course of travelling be tween the South and the North through this State. Stdl greater adventa'n? may D- anticipated from completing th" A e-t n'ii and Atlaii’ic r ’ -ro? I a? I the rail-roads whicheon •:■!■( it with our prin< ci ies. '".be i’.’i'tiltie.s which the Alleganv and R I ■ iionnta’ns present, to tire trans port ' • of the vast _■ hi tions of* ■ Western and South- Ve ’er'i Sta’e In limma, i'lmohs, Missouri, Arkansas, Tennessee, Kenttn'k-.. and tie tipper part ot’ Alabama, to their markets on the seahoar 1, can no where be overcome with so i much ease as through tie :e s of rail-road. It we shall over succeed t > the extent of our wishes, in en joying the advantages oi direct importations from Europe, of the proceeds of the sales of our agricnl’ural productions ex ported thither, it must be by th"se faeiliti *s for transportation bringing such an accession of capital to our cities, as to enable the southern, south-western and western merchants, to sell what they have to export, and obtain their supplies of European goods upon a.s favorable terms, in our markets as in New York. And by inducing the Northern manufacturers to seek an ex change of th' ir fabrics in the same markets for our rice and raw cotton, and the flour and pork of the West. I consul' r it thcref.ire of the highest importance, that the j State shall proceed with the construction of the Western and Atlantic railroad as rapidly as possible; and (jive such assist ance, by the use of its credit, to the companies now engaged in making the railroads which form the other portions of the communications between our cities and the South and West, as may lie necessary for the successful completion of their undertakings. The application of the means of the State to assist these ncorporated companies, is justified from tlu ir sweess beimr identified with the public good, and because the State can ob tain money upon credit upon cheaper terms than companies, whilst the companies can construct the roads and keep them in repair, muth more economically than the public. In thus supplying the means to chartered companies to com*- plete their roads, the use of which is not free for everv one, the State should take care, however, that sufficient security is furnished by the improvements themselves, for the repayment of the money ad\ anced. The Hiwassee Railroad Company in Tennessee, are con structing a road from Knoxville to Red Clay on the line of this State, and about fifteen miles from the line of the Western and Atlantic railroad. It will'add ■ greatly to the trade and travelling which will pass over the Western and Atlantic rail road to he connected with this road when comp!‘ted. The. Hiwassee company have met with difficulties in procuring the ineaniol carrying on their road, which wjll probably he overcome by the Legislature giving an assurance that thi* State will proceed to m ike the branch road to connect the two roads together, whenever the Hiwassee company sh ill have so far progressed, as to render it certain that their’road will be completed. I would, therefore, recommend to the Legisla ture to pass a resolution giving such assurance. In pursuance of the resolution passed at your last session, an agent was sent to negotiate with the Legislature of the State ot for the right of way for tlie Western and Atlantic railroad from the line of this State to the Tennessee River. He succeeded in procuring the passage of an act by the Legislature ot Tennessee granting to this State for the Western and Atlantic Railroad the right of way with the same privileges and under the same restrictions as had been pre viously granted to the Hiwassee Railroad company. The copy of the At, the insti'ti' tions to the Agent and correspon dence with the Governor of Tennessee are laid before you. Great credit’is due ro General Newnan, the of the State for tlie zeal an ! intelligence with which lie performed the duty assigned him. The a Im’i'.tble structure of Government and the wisest system of laws ca i.rit give security to the rights of citizens unless aided by a well constituted judiciary department. That our rights are without this security is universally acknowledged. Since the Constitution lias been been altered so as to permit an improvement of our present system, none has yet been devised which would not be attended, in the opinion of the Legislature, with evils as great as those from which we now stiffer. Thi» dread would seem to be excessive since the sensitiveness of the public wool I be certain to direct the attention of the Legisla ture to the correction of atty mischi fs coifscquent upon the re form which m’rnht be adopted. Having expressed my opinions to the Legislature upon this subject very fully in a former mes-age, I again refer to it from a sense of the strong obliga tion whi< It continually rests upon the Government to provide the b • it ■■ miirity for its citiz ms agahist injustice and oppression. According to the form of our Government, it is made the special duty of the Legislature to correct such imperfections in ike Constitution as may have been rendered evident by expe rb ine. On a former occasion your attention was called to the importance of reducing the Legislative body, and of equal izing the representation of the people. The necessity of reforming the Constitution in these particu lars has become more pressing from the removal of the Indians and the great increase of the population of the State. The apportionment, when made according to tire census which has just been taken, will add greatly to the number of the members of the Legi lature. This enlargement of the Legislatix’e body must lessen its responsibility— nhance th? public expense, ren der its d liberations more tumultuous, and increase the uncer rt iinty of its determinations. The great variety of sectional and local interest existing in our extensive territory, render it just to the whole and each part tl at the representation of the people should be made equal- But it i; especially important that the Senate should be con tituted differently from the House of Representatives, and that t should be a smaller, a more select and stable body than at present. If the proposed amendments of the Constitution would tend to secure a wise and just administration of public affairs it is d <e to the community, and to the principles upon ■' hich our government is founded, (the capacity of the people to govern themselves,) that they should be made. The resolution passed at your last session, authorising thi» Department to employ a competent Engineer, to survey the Chattahoochee River, from West Point to Winn’s Ferry, and '• >port the obstructions to its navigation, and the expense of • ‘'.riivv'inz them, and also upon the practicability of construct ’ >g a can il from the navigable waters of the St. Mary’s to the ’hatt ihooehee, was not carried into effect on account of the .iformality of the resolutimi and the want of an appropriation > 'lefray the expense. The transportation of the heavy agricultural productions of the interior, • rivr-, <s ; ■ >!lv the cheapest mode of their conveyance to market, where it can be used. 1 would, there fore, reeir mi nd that a general survey-and examination be •rede, not only of the Chattahoochee, but of all our rivers capable of being rendered navigable, and that an experienc ed and skilful superintendent be appointed to direct the appli cation of the public money appropriated for their improve ment, instead of the loose and wasteful manner which has been hitherto pursued, of expending the public money appropriat ed for such purposes. I would call the attention of the Legislature to the necessity of providing for the scttlem *nt of all public accounts. Accord ng to the law now in force for auditing public accounts, th* Comptroller General i> only authorized to pass upon demands against the Treasury. The interest of the State equally re quires that the accounts of the agents of the State, intrusted vith the expenditure of the money appropriated for public pur mses and drawn from the Treasury, should be subjected to th® ••mervision of some officer specially charged with that duty. The public money has frequently been wasted, misapplied, or not applied at all, to the objects intended, from the want of strict accountability on the part of public agents. The Legis lature has the evidence of this at each session in the defectix*e reports received from the trustees of the Academic and Poor School funds. The large sums now appropriated for the erec tion of public buildings, improving the navigation of rivers, and for the survey and construction of the Western and Atlan tic Railroad, require that this subject should receive the early attention of the Legislature. Upon consulting with distinguished physicians in every part of the State, it was determined, under the limited discretion given in the selection of its location, to place the Lunatic Asylum in the neighborhood of Milledgeville. Drs. Fort and White, were appointed both to direct the construction of the building, and to collect information in regard to the proper regulations and management of the institution, and will make their report directly to the Legislature. The large number of lunatics which are found throughout every part of the country, the great aggregate amount of suf ‘ering which they bring upon families and neighborhoods, tlie ’?'O"nsc nnd (rouble of guarding and medical attention when they are under the care of individuals, the assurances given by experience, that in well managed asylu ns, the cure of the irfsane s more certain and their suffering much less than under any •••ivite treatment whatever, make it one of the most important duties o! the State to provide such an institution for this unfor tunate class of its citizens. I 1 must be such an institution too, as will secure the p tbli ■ confidence, or the sympathy which is felt for the insan" by t’reir friends, will confine its use to the mo ■ hopeless cases, or those in whose restoration society has t v*.least interest- Iwml I therefore, earnestly recommend, th it the asylum which is now erecting, shall be made to conform to th- Oi -t ■ .v> ,i j ,:i tb it the cost will exceed -be benefit which it will mnfer upon the people. The appro priation mid :•* '.■■•’• la * sessio!! will be thrown away, unless is greatly increased. S'vet'al acts and resol >timis p i<sat yo’ir last session, which I considered violative t’ cou tit iting Jor i nportnnt legislative rmciples, were presented to me for ■ >•'-’ >:•. so immediately •receediug your adjoiirninent that’h«*v could not he returned. J ’hey are no-' transmitted to the Sena’.', where they originated, ■ith my reasons for not approving them Elections for county and militia officers, are frequently con tested before this department, an 1 th ■ exe utive has constantly • ssttmed the authoritv of determining upon their validity. It s due to th" rights of the people, that tie xerc'se of this pow '!• should be regulated by law. Some embarrassment has occasionally been met with in in utcting county officers into office, on account of the different >rms required for different officers. I would recommend that ne law be so altered that all the county officers may be induc ’d into office under the same Dcilimiis Fotcstatum. A set of Standard Weights, prepared for the use of the State, in p irsuance of a resolution of Congress, have been received from th? Secretary of the Treasury, and are now in the Execu tive 'ice. The Legislature will have to prescribe by law the node by which tlie weights now in use in the cities and coun *les of "■ Sta’e, shall be made to conform to this set of Stan dard Weights. In I 83-1, th? Legisbitui''" appropriated $3,000 for the’support and ’-ation ot’ the ut dc;:f and dumb of the State, at the Asylum in Hartford. State of Connecticut, and directed the Executive to appoint a commissioner to select and take charge of’the deafand dumb who might be found willing to accept of" its bounty. Os this sum, $933 86$ w< re expended during thatt year. .\* tlie session of 1835. the Legislature appropriated foe the same purpose $4,150 ; in addition to the unexpended bal-* anee of the appropriation of the preceding year, makhig the sum of $6,516 13f> anf l sum of $750 to pay the commis sioner for his services. During that year, $845 were expended by the commissioner. At the session of 1836, the Legislature determined that no addit’onal appropriation was then required forth? benefit of the deaf and dumb, and passed a resolution directing that S4OO should be paid to the commissioner, which sii ii, not having been inserted in the act of appropriation, was paid by the Governor < tit of the contingent fund. At the ses sion of 1837, the I louse of Representatives passed a resolution ’li lt the stun of $2,750 should be appropriated for the educa tion and support of the deufand dumb, in addition to the unex p n led balance of previous appropriations in the hands of the. commissioner; and that the commissioner should receive S6OO tor his services during the year. 'Phis resolution was not defin itively passed upon by the Senate, and no appropriation was made by the Legislature for the benefit of the deaf and dumb, or for the payment of the comm ssioner. The commissioner has been paid S6OO out of the contingent fund. This state ment is made (or the purpose of’ calling the attention of the Legislature to tlie propriety of fixing the commissioner’s salary by law, providing for its payment, and of carrying on the benevolent purposrs ol the Legislature in the education and support o! the indigent deal and dumb of the State, by some certain legislative.provision. The Legislature required of the Executive DcpurUncatj by