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EI>ITFI> BY THOMAS IIAYNIIS.
VOi„ V. NO. 10.
( <xf h'e of
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Notice of Application for Letters of DiamiMion from the Administration of an Es
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GEORGIA
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
The Internal Improvement Committee, to whom were referred
a Preamble and Resolutions from the House of Represeut
atires, containing nine propositions upon the subject of
Internal Improvement, made the following
EJ E I> O a TI
The committee to whom were referred the multifarious and
important nutters connected with our system of Internal Im
provement, are apprehensive that from the lateness of the ses
sion sufficient time may not lie found fir Legislative action to
th it extent which the best interest of the country requires. But
th -se considerations will not prevent il. -m from offering their
views an I recommendations upon the nine propositions sub
mitted to them, leaving the r.-«>.|® to t!i# patriotism and intel
lig.nce of the Legislature. Though zealous upon the great
subject before them, it is nut the enthusiasm of passion or
fanaticism, hut the offspring of calm reflection end mature de
liberation, that a generotts, diffusive, and expanded .- stem ot
Internal Improvement, and the glory and prosperity T'Gcor.m,
are one, inseparable, and indivisable. It is the only means
I v whi.-h we cau revive her drooping- energies, stimulate her !
• u-rprise, develope her resources, and conduct her to those'’
t.r ght and glorious results, which as a State, with her great 1
n uui'al advantage*, she is justly entitled to atlaio. In all the i
elements of national greatness, and individual wealth, we are
unsurpassed ; and when ibis is conceded, and it cannot be de
nied or disproved, a bold and liberal system of Internal lin
pr >v>-inei)t, should necessarily folio v, or our pat.iotisui is a
bubble, and we will loose our rank, consequence, and dignity
among our si-ter States.
Ist Proposition. In what direction should a main trunk
or trunks proceed from our sea coasts to the south-eastern
terminus of the Western and Atlantic Railroad in De Kalb
county ?
From a.i examination of the map, we are of the opinion,
that an eligible point for the concentration of Railroads, from
our sea coa-t can be found near the confines of Laurens,
Twiggs, and Wilkinson counties, and from thence could be
continued on the best and most direct route, to the southern
terminus of the Western and Atlantic Railroad, in De Kalb
county. All thi» should Im? accomplished by the State, or in
partnership to a limited extent (if it is unavoidable) with the
chartered companies already in operation near or upon these
lines.
The attention of the Legislature should first be drawn to
the accomplishment of a great leading central line throughout
th- State, and it, faith an 1 resource? pledged for it, completion;
and then, possessing greater mean-, -he State could lend its
aid, when deemed safe and expedient, m individuals, in the
construction of judicious auxiliary branch-:?. The grand re
servoir opened, laternal tr. --ins would necessarily flow into
it. enriching ev-ry par- of the Su.te, nr, rt rolling into our At
lantic cities exhaustles.- st : *of wealth. Public works cannot
progress rapidly or regularly ’.uh <- they are conducted on
State account. Ihe vi< i-situdes of ths time”, short t. e ; r , com
mercial resulsioKS, and a d< ranged < m s, are each of them
sufficient to arrest works unovriaect; > . mi. me.oi-,. The
whole comitry does not afl'ord an exampls., of ; lt r vtea< re font-.-
accomplished l»v private individuals widnmt p • ic a I.
A State can borrow money at three and a half or soar per
sent., when individuals will have to give six p r cent., as has
been fully exemplified in the cases of York, P. ui.sy iv>nia,
and Ohio, on the one part, and Virginia and errtai*. private
< ‘ompanies on the other. The interest of four milli< ns of dol-
I irs at six per cent., and six millions at four per cent, is pre-
< isely the same, and in addition to this a Sti.te in iter own op
erations can concentrate her energies, consolidate her resour
ces, disregard a disordered currency, and the pressure of the
times and march with rapidity to the accomplishment of sll ghe
undertakes. The States of New York and Ohio accomplished
/more work upon their great Canals in one year, than the Ches
;apeak and Ohio, and Baltimore and Ohio, Companies did
jjpon their works in four years.
It is to the interest of the State to put down tolls to the low
est amount sufficient to pay expenses, and constitute a moderate
sinking find, while it is the oposite of individuals to make
them as high as the community can bear. On the Pennsylva
nia and New York lines the cost of transporting commodities,
one hundred miles per hundred weight, is on the first, fourteen,
and on the second ten cents. The great object of a Slate, is
to develope the recourses and encourage the the enterprize and.
industry of its citizens, by offering a bounty to production by
a diminution of the charges for trasportation. The object of
individuals is to make money, not to encourage industry or
stimulate enterpriz.e. An opinion is extensively entertained,
that by connecting ourselves with the West and drawing out
its recojiscs. the value of the productions of our own citizens,
will he depreciated by the competition which is produced.—
Ibis hon-stopinion from its speciousness, has done a great deal
of injury, but it is at war w ith the first principles of political
.economy.
I he experience of all nations, who have paid a proper re
gard to ’he subject, is, that the d-inand increases with the sup-1
ply., d hatever stimulate , production, multiplies the deni*nd
lor it. Population, oir <>f the ,-rcat elements of demand, al
ways irn’reavx with th- increase of production, attracts more
capital to p .-rchase that production, and 'Teakrs a demand for
all articles of consumption, ten or tw< nly times as great as ex- 1
i*ted before. The inhabitants near London more than a cen
tury strongly objected to the constru-t’on < f turnpike
roil, (er,;,, th.at city to remote parts of the Kinudrmi, and r*-
y/'J'b'' the citizens on the Hudson and near Pbi’adclphia, were
" ' ietpresged with the belief that by strettdiing iinprovetn-nts
to me vVes'j, they would be ruined. All however, to their great
at v .tiit.ige and joy, became convinced that by the very mean’
>y wm. h they expected to be ruin-d, tli-dr property has
~ u ' ' value, and the price and demand for’heir proo.c-
Rotts a/-e greatly enhanced ; even tlje honest and phlegmatic
Swiow®-
jIIILEEfitGEVIEEE, GEORGIA, THURSDAY MOItiIILYCS, DEUEIIRER
Germans in these States, proverbially attached to waggon’ll
and fine heavy teams, have become willing to advance du i.
gold for the construction of Canals and Railroads.
in Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, they are conducting without
faltering their State improvements upon a liberal and a large
scale, attributable mainly, it is believed, to the circumstance,
that the citizens of these States are generally f migrants from
those quarters in the Union in which such enterprizes him
been so beneficial. The Scnylkill Canal, from the coal region
in Pennsylvania to Philadelphia, was completed in 1825, at:d
in that year, five hundred tons of coat were carried through ■.
In !833, 250,000 tons, worth nearly $1,500,000, went to Phd
adelphia and other places. The Welland Canal in Canada,
from Lake Erie to Ontario, was finished in 1832, and G7O
schooners passed through it in 1834. The Erie and Hudson
Canal was completed in 1825, and th- productive capital in
New Y ork in eight years thereafter, was increased $ 100,000,000.
Du this Canal 1.500,000 barrels of flour passed every year,
pa •ng a to!' o! 62| cents per barrel, from Buffalo io Albany,
a distance of three hundred miles. In five years after the Can
al was finished, Albany increased in population 10,000, Utica
and Rochester bad doubled, and Buffalo quadrupled. . For
merly they were villages, uow they are important market
towns for the surrounding country.
The same results, and chiefly from the same causes, are now
rapidly taking place in Missachusetts, Pennsylvania, New
York, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, while Georgia, Alabama,
Tennessee and Virginia, (with some exception in our own State,)
seem disposed to foster private campanies, and the joint stock
| system. Virginia has tried the latter for twenty-three yen??,
and what are the results? Her inhabitants are rapid'-; etni
-1 grating; Richmond and Norfolk are stationary, an J. according
j to the reports made to the last session of her Legislature, all
i her disjointed and local works in the aggregate, have not made
I more than one per cent, upon the money expended, though the
i State has been liberal in its loans from time to time. From the
l notes of preparation, however, which are now taking place, it
! is believed, that at tlw pre-cut Legislature, she will shake this
miserable incubus from her, w hich has kept herdown for years,
and push her improvements by her own means to the Ohio,
through Janies River and the Keuawba, and southwest irdly to
the Tennessee line. In contemplating this great subject, we
I thould uot view il solely itt its financial aspect, for this would
' be the misers and not the statesman’s view of the question, should
however our great leading root, take its proper direc
tion, it would not be difficult to prove that amount ot income
upon it after its completion would be equal to that of any other
work of the same kind and extent in the world. Figures, and
the most vivid imagination, can scarcely portray the increased
facilities of comfort and wealth; the inestimable benefits, social,
moral and political, which would flow from a diffusive system of
internal Improvement with every part of the State and the
great West. The opening of one line of communication from
the South to the valley of the Ohio, will do more to check the
progress of abolitionism in the free States of the West, than al!
the appeals which eloquence can make, or ail the arguments
which ingenuity can urge.
Mutual dependence, reciprocity of exchange, and frequent
communication, are the strongest pillars in our n ’tioual fabric.
And when, from avarice or ambition, patriotism stay fail, as
a dependence for the preservation of the Union, interest will
present an iinshakeu basis. The point at which our Railroad
should reach the Tennessee river, is a matter of great impor
tance. Various opinions exist as to which is the best among
the four routes which have been surveyed by the Engineer,
from the Georgia line tt» the Tennessee river; and in this state
of things it would be prudent to await the result of future re
connoissances and developments. All the points mentioned
in the report of the Engineer, are above thoseserious obstruc
tions in the Tennessee river, which are occasioned by its pas
sage through Walben’s Ridge, or Raccoon Mountain; and if
the road is prolonged from thence to Nashville on the Cum
berland river, it must be done through the mountains, by land,
one hundred and forty miles; by water and land, by Ditto’s
Lauding, three hundred and fifteen miles. If our Road should
strike the river, at a proper point, so as to offer sufficient in
ducements to Tennessee to meet hs at that point, Georgia would
import generally, and to a cousiderable extent, export, for a
potsulalion comprised in n parallelogram of from two to three
hundred miles wide, and from nine to eleven hundred miles
long—being about 300,003 square miles, unsurpassed in fer
tility, und equal hi are*, to the six largest states in the Union.
Fite centre of this parallelogram, longitudinally, would be near
a line running through the middle of lite State, by Cas»ville,
the North Point of the Lookout Mountain, Nashville, Evans
ville, near the mouth ol the Wabash, and front thence to Alton,
on the Mississippi, and Kalamazoo, on Lake Michigan.
Who would he our competitors for the trade within the lim
its we have prescribed, and to what extent, is it probable, would
this competition be successful ? New Yhtrk, Pennsylvania,
Maryland, V irginia, and South Carolina, to a greater or less
extent, would invade our North Eastern, and Alabama, Lou
isiana, and Mississippi ou ottr South Western line. The New
Y<>tk, Pennsylvania, Maryland, VirgitHa, and South Carolina
routes, by land and waler lines, through which thev will p»-s
down the Ohio, will be, respectively, about fourteen, twelve,
eleven, nine, and eight hundred and thirty miles, from their
ports, to Evansville. All these, except the South Carolina
r-mte, v. ! Im- impeded in tin ir commercial transit lions, by low
water in summer and f-sti, anti ice in the winter, from ninety to
one hmtdrr d a»d sixty days amtu tlly, beside® the delay and
expense which in th- best s asm s will atise from frequent irairs
»l>xpnrents. New Orleans is eleven hundred and eighty miles
fr<rwt Evansville, and, will readily concede, that (be great bulk
of heavy articles, as heretofore, will pass down the Mississippi,
from nil that region of country that lies more than five hun
dred miles front our sea ports.
But the imports will take a different direction, and will be
chiefly through the SouthCarobua, Georgia, and Alabama routes,
because they are nearer and cheaper than arty other lines of
cotnmunicatifcti. The New Orleans and Nashville Railroad,
which have heretofore engaged much of the public attention in
Team ssee, is now seldom' mentioned, and it is believe 1 that it.
as well as the route from the Mississippi to the Virginia line,
will both be superseded by the South Carolina, Georgia, and
Alabama improvements.
As regards the rival claims of South Carolina, Georgia, and
Alabama, for the commerce of the west, we offer the following
considerations in view of the additional importance and diffi
culty given to the subject by the existing snte of the cutter.
Georgia has the best route if she will pursue it, the worst if
she neglects it. South Carolina will pass from Charleston
through Columbia, over the Appalachian and Blue Ridg-s, to
Knoxville, on Ute Tennessee nvuf, from thence nassing the i
Clinch Ridge and Cumberland mountain, through Kentucky
to the Ohio, at Cincinnati and Louisville, aft-r a course of
between six and seven hundred miles. At Cincinnati she will
come in competition w ith New York, Pennsv'vania, Maryland
and Virginia, the latter a very formidable rival. This latter
State claims the Ohio Valley as naturally belonging to her,
and as soon as she pushes her improvements through the
Kenawha to the Ohio she will make her claim good for at
least three bundl'd miles up and down this river, because all
this region will be nearer Richmond and Norfolk than any
other parts, the former being the best tobacco, and the last-r
the la'st flour market in America. This will mH irally draw'
the attention of South Carolina to the branch that r-aches
Louisville, at which point, being somew hat nearer than Geor- ia '
she w ill be nearly as ugly a customer to our State as Virginia
will b- to her in the case just stated. The route by Mobile,
by water, to Montgomery:, ami from tben-e to Gnnt< i’s landing,
and by' Nashville to Evansville, will be about nine hundred
miles, but when the Railroad is completed from Pm aeola to
Mi agomery, the distance from the former |il jce to Evansville,
will be liiiy or sixty miles shorter than the Georirin route, and
the only advantage as an importer that we.will have over this j
line is, that it will emanate from a Gulf instead of an Atlantic
port, anti will have to encounter transshipments al Gunter’s and
Ditto’s Landing. The route f-oni out- ports- liy Alticon, West
Point, and throng!) Alabama by Gunter’s and Ditto’s Landing,
Offr CaHScieuie—fiur Cotem tru— fttir UPartu.
by Nashville, to the same great point on the Ohio, will be about
seven hundred and fifty miles. The Georgia route by the
north point of Lookout Mmountain and from thence across the
Raccoon and Cumberland Mountains, by Nashville, to Evans
ville will be about seven hundred and ten miles. But if we,
through dread of tunnels and inclined planes, should decline
this route and pass down the Tennessee river (as some wise
acres have suggested) two hundred miles to Ditto’s Landing,
and thence by Nashville to the same place, the distance would be
near nine hundred miles. The reason why we have so often
referred to Nashville and Evansville is, because the first is au
important point through which the Georgia and Alabama lines
must pass, and the last is a tteuclus, above the mouth of the
H abash river, the centre of our operations in that quarter, and
nt which various routes are concentrating from the extensive
regions bordering on the lakes and the Mississippi, and tba in
habitants of that part of the country are seeking a connection
with us. If Georgia, therefore, fixes the termAnalion of her
W< stern and Atla itic Railroad at either of the points designated
by the engineer, (having the right of wa y but to one point,)
a serious question is at once presented for our consideration,—
U ill i (‘tinessee, at her own expense, construct a Railroad one
hundred and forty miles through the Cumberland and Raccoon
mountains, ami build a bridge half a mile in length across the
1 ennessee river-, to meet our Railroad on its eastern margin,
at a prohalj-w expense oi four millions of dollars, when she can
meet th* Alabama route on the Tennessee line, at a disiance of
cigl-Ay-ili miles, without passing through any mountain, and
j fft kn expense of less than two million of dollars ?
1 If, therefore, it is ascertained that Tennessee will not con
struct this expensive road for our benefit, (and of this there can
j be ro doubt,) and no negociation or compromise is made with
her, we will be reduced to the necessity of keeping up our in
tercourse with Nashville, and the country beyond it, if it is kept
! up at all, through the circuitous route down the Tennessee to
Ditto’s Landing. This then would amount to a surrender at
I once in favor of Alabama and South Carolina, the Scylla and
j Charbydis of all the golden visions built upon die expense of
our intercourse and commercial connection with the fertile re
gion of the West, and confine us to the twenty-four coun
ties in East Tennessee, three or four iti Virginia, and part of
three on the Cumberland Mountains in West Tenues-,ee, w hich
now trade to Ross’ Landing-, and one half of which will be
taken from us, as soon as the South Carolina and Virginia lines
. should reach Knoxville and the Tennessee line.
| Let no one solace himself with the belief, that the South
Carolina and Alabama routes will ever be completed, for noth
ing is more certain than that the tmllmcbiug enterprise and
energy of the one, and the facilities alfoYded by nature to the
other, will sooner or later lead io their accomplishment. The
to which the State should assist private companies, will
not,. probably, be a matter of consideration. Should the new
Banking law go into operation, with its expected benefits,
i private companies must and will exist in all the States for the
■ purpose of constructing, generally, short laternal branches,
' (too multifarious for the attention of the State,) subsidiary to
the great leading lines, ami when judiciously selected, prove
profitable and beneficial, and are, moreover, tndispensible parts
of the general system of improvements. Upon no accounts,
however, would we consent to a joint stock system, unless ren
dered necessary by the inability of companies, previously’ oc
cupying ground suitable as to direction, for a great leading
line.
This system was tried in Pennsylvania for ten years, with
out doing much good, and was abandoned for the present sys
tem ot) State account, which bids fair in a State line to answer
the most sanguine expectations of its fi’tends and projectors.—
In Virginia it has been a bane and curse to the State for nearly
a gem ration, ami it persisted in much longer, will bring her
' nearly to a state of bankrupty. his contrary to the principles
ol hitman nature and the constitution of things, that this sys
-1 tern can succeed, for nine times out of ten, in such associations,
lite State, il not deeply injured, is apt to come off second best.
I The next matter tor ottr consideration is the expediency of
i constructing a link (com the Western and Atlantic Railroad to ■
the Southern terminus of the iltwassee Railroad, about which
we have seen ami heard a good deal of discussion.
Tim noriiierii terminus of this Road will he nt Knoxville,on '
the Tennessee river, and its Southern terminus on the Georgia
line, near Red day, within a lew miles of our Western and
Atlantic Railroad. It will run below fifteen t-r sixi« ■u,
above eight or nine counties in East Tennessee, all of v. Im h
with three or four counties in V irginia, are drained by the
Tennessee river and its branches, ami trade at Ro..’ lauding,
aod will continue to trade there, to a v< r\ great extent, Road
or co Road, until drawn oil by the Virginia and South Caro- :
Ima improvements reaching East Tenue®,t e.
lien this takes place, sixteen ol the above mentioned cotitir
lie® will tiade to Hiehmomi ami Charleston, because those
places will be one hundred miles nearer than the ports which
could be reached by passing down the Hiwassee Railroad.— 1
This Road then would be kit to com. nd u ilb the river t ome
tor the trade of the remaining eleven comities, one half of
which, to an absolute certainty would send their commodities
..ml receive their supplies through the Western ami Atlantic :
Railroad, at or near Ross’ landing ; besides, this Road will run
nearly parallel its whole length one hundred miles with a very
■ tine river, the obstructions in which can be removed without
much expense or difficulty.
i ii.-se circumstances, therefore, in addition to the consider
ation that the \» esiern and Atlantic Railroad i<> the new direc
tion which will be given to it, will run within live or six miles
of the termiiiation ol thi® Road, on cur State line, rendering it
inexpedient, in the opinion ol your committee, for the Slate of
Geotgia to make atty expenditure for a survey or construc
tion cd this link between the two roads. If the stock in this
Road is considered a good one, the East Tennesseeans (who
ar- not deficient in sagacity in driving all kinds of bargains,)
will discern it, am! pay up tbeir instalments, pari passu with j
their S.ate, who ha® appropriated six hundred and fifty thou
sand dollars for the completion of this work.
I be next matt, r tor the cotisidi ration ol the committee, re
lates to importations, and the plan and system upon which
t.-iey should be comlm ted. Upon this subject, we believe, I
then: i® very httle difference ol opinion among real South- ■
ern Merchants, and exp< rh-m-ed n .vurators, so far as relates
to importations being made as < heap in the Southern At
lantic cities, as in those of the North, as to the plan and
system upon winch these importations should l>e condncted ;
your cornm.ttee have not had, m.r will have time, tn make
the necessary examination ami investigation from the proper
sources, and through the projmr channels, so as to offer any
thing that wottl-l be satisfictory to theimt Ives ot t.be L« gi-l*
litre. 1 hey will, however, remark, that no im r 1 ase ofbaukmg
Capital; ho organization of limited p-rmersltip com,•ini. w '
multiplication ot railroad companies, v. ttti, or without b otking
privtledges, can make great commercial eniporiums, to anv
considerable extent, as long as our -rr< at Western route, rest®
upon an insecure foundation. Look nt New York, Philadelphia
and Baltimore, oh the one bam!, ami Norfolk, tkicbino.id,
Wilmiiitrtoii,Charleston, S tvannali and Brmwick, on the other.
1 he tlnee lit®t . ui< fly from their conuection w ith the west,
are large, flourishing mid important eith ~ abounding with ca
pit."l and industry in e very department of business, while the
six last, lor the want of this eoune< dim, are in a state of coloni
al servitude and dependence upon the former.
Cannot an appeal to her patrimi,,,,. ). el . p r i(| (1) I;;,-interest,
her moral, social mid political g l)1>( |, induce Gecteia to lay a-I
side her sectional .biel.eriims, m,<| local . ttifes, and determine
her to stretch Im lb her briar,-m, arms, in K „, |, direction, as to
place her onn p. om! preemim-m-e, over all comp, tition in search
of the golden fleece from the Colchis’s of the West.
'i'lirns accomplished mid ottr woes am] difficulties wiH soon be
terminated, ami capital, population, and foreign importations
wtd necessarily flow into our Atlantic cities,’anti comfort,
v.eahh, < nergy, eaterprize and industry, will bediflitsed through
every part ot the State, and additional vigor and income be
imparted to every departmenl of business. The transportation
of hme alone from the Cherokee to the old counties will be mt I
immense business. It can be burnt mid transported one bun- '
dred and fifty miles on the Railroad for twelve or fifteen cents,
and the application of forty bushels to the acre, with slight
dressings afterwards, will restore for rnaey years io their orig
inal fertility', (and even exceed «!,) all our worn out level lands,
The foundation for till these bright and glorious results, can,
will, and must be laid at this os a future Legislature, or G lo
gin must smk in the cmiipetitien just now opening between
her mid her sister States. While •lie nYble sons of Sonth Car
olina tire traversing Europe t-ud every part of the Ignited States,
addressing conventions ; seeking information and acquiring
means for the spo-dy construction by one united movement of
her great 'V--( ern Railroad, we are in a state of compar a v
supmetm- ss? aiK ] frittering away our strength and energies, in
devoting too much attention to sectio,i>al enterprizes. The
next consideration is the probable cost ofthe main lines through
the State, which if certain incorporated Companies would con
sent, should be cheitiy if not entirely constructed at the expense
of the public. Judging from the estimates on the Western and
Atlantic Railroad and the cost of construction of roads in this
and other States, we are ofthe opinion that the expenditure for
lines of seven hundred miles ia extent would not exceed twelve
million of dollars. The cost, how ever, is a secondary consid
eration, when compared with the immense benefits, which will
arise from the accomplishment of (his road, and upon occasions
of this kind we are more disposed to take lessons from Smith’s
Wealth of Nations than Cocker’s Arithmetic. As to the tolls
which will accrue on our roads when completed to the extent
suggested, we can scracely fix any limit when we contemplate
the vast and fertile regions for which we are destined, if proper
steps arc taken to transact business. New York and Penn
sylvania expect when all their works are matured and their
recourses fully developed, to acquire an annual income respec
tively, over all expenses, of from two to three millions of dol
lars, and when we see the gradual and large incomes of tells
already accruing in these States, w e are bound to believe that
liiese calculations are not extravagant. As Georgia therefore,
has already been stated, has* right, under certain circumstan
ces within her control, to trausxel ta * very greit extent the
commercial affairs ofa country of ae.tr three hundred thousand
square miles, of great fertility, Lave we not * right to expect
as great au ine< ote as either New York or Pennsylvania? An
mcom.’, however, of hall this amount would render taxation
unnecessary, and spread tiur, ersal education throughout the
State Indiana and Il!inoi», already s-eking a connection with
us, me capable alone of sustaining leu millions of inhabitants,and
can be supptied, upon better terms through our ports than any’
other.
A merchant in St. Louis, Alton, or Kalamazoo, about one
thousand miles from our ports, purchases a cargo of goods in
Savannah, when the Lakes and Ohio are frozen up. A mer
chant in the latter place supplies him with these goods at the
New York prices, and they are transported to either of the
above places in five or six days along one coutittuous unbro
ken railroad, crossing the Tennessee, Cumberland, and Ohio
rivers on brkiges. The same western merchant could take a
cargo of Buffalo robes and tongues, rich furs, lead, and the
skins of the common and grizzly hew, and other commodities,
| and obtain as good a price for them in Georgia as auy other
I part of the Union. Such would be the history of this trade in
the winter, and for one hundred days in the summer and fall,
j when the Ohio is low, and New Orleans is abandoned ; nor
i would it cease at any time of tiie year.
One more illustration and proof in addition to those ftirnlsb
jed by the map and seasons. A merchant actually shipped
! frou? Philadelphia, font- hundred and five bags of coffee, weigb
i ing 1’4,1318 lbs. by the way of New Orleans, Mississippi and
1 Cumberland rivers, to Nashviie, at an expense of 5i,172 29.
, The same ot bags, at the same time, we'e transported
i by the same merchul't, through the Pennsylvania cauals and
railroads to Pittsburg, a distance of four hundred miles from
Philadelphia, and fromther.ee down the Ohio and up the Cutn
berland river, a dist ance ofone thoff and one hundred miles to
Nashville, at an expense of sl,llß 45 unking fifty-three dol
lars aod eighty-four cents in favor of th? PitlSiC-m’g route. And
■ what is perhaps more surpt isiug, a l> .g of cotton can be traos
; ported by the Pittsburg route, for eighty-six cents less than by
the New Orleans route. ,
Our commercial connections will be extended to the Wiscon- I
sin and 1 own. leritories, as well as the upper'Missouri, and
it tite accounts are trs»e of a fav'orable passage across the
Rocky Mountains to ttie hlultnoma, the child is now living
who will see pass down the Mis-oitri to the great city on the
' ennessec, by u route six thousand miles nearer than the pre
sent one, teas ir-txt China, spices from the Pli’dipiat) Islands,
, commodities from Japan, and for thoxe who have Russian
: and Chinise stomachs, the Beach le mar ami edible birds nests
from the great Pacific surrounded by the coral reefs.
Who after all this can despair of our Western and Atlantic
, Railroad if we give it stir play.
'I lie committee, in pursuance of the great objects which
they have in view, wtmld further recommend that the Com
missioners of the Western and Atlantic Railroad be in
structed to make a genera! reconnoisance and examina
tion of the country contiguous to the Tennessee River,
. upon both sides of said Hirer, during the next year, in order I
to a permanent location of the Western terminus of said Rail-1
read, and that the said Board of Commissioners, be authorized
and required to fix definitely the point for the terminus of said
Road, ami report the same to the Governor of the State of
Georgia, to be by him laid before the next Legislature. The
committee believing, that in order properly to advance the in
terest of the State, they should also recommend, that the Board of
Commissioners of tlx? Western and Atlantic Railroad be re
quired to act in conjunction with commissioners to be appoint
ed by the State of Tennessee, (i. e. if Tennessee should desire
to co-operate) tn settleing the question of the terminus of the
Western and Atlantic Railrod, to the end, that the great and
paramount interest ol all parties concerned, m»y be attained,
and fully affected, iti prolonging the road to the West and
Northwest. We would also ri commend, that the said Board I
of Commissioners of the Western ami Atlantic Railroad, in
conjunction with a competent engineer, be instructed to exam
ine the physical features ofthe country, within the Suites of
Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky and Georgia, near our line,
am! likewise for the sake of comparison, all the gaps of the
Cumberland Mountain, from Cumberland gap to Ditto’s land
ing.
Let these commissioners be instructed to ascertain the views
of these and other Stales fonitwith, in regard to the routs through
which, they' w ish or expect to pass to the Southern ports, and
particularly, to examme the country up Battle Creek, through
the C tinberland Mountains to Nashvill--, and from thence to
Louisville anil Ev.tnsvJi-, t,y separate r> iite«, and generally,
to mime a,! ’train rs, wim iv t'.ey may deem necessary, to en-
or i.r.-irit ins ! ' ctic-i) to m,r State, in her race of inter
nal im; :<m’in.-iii. Your connnit’re further recommend, that
th’ ,d persons be further directed to cause sut yeys anil re-j
comiisanee® imm the pts sent southern terminus of the Wc»tern
iiiiii AliatiitC Railroad to the most clliy tble j>oiut ou the sea
li .at d, keeping in view , the short. »t and most practicable route.
When all this is accomplished, let a repot t ofthe same he made
to the Governor, to be laid before the next session ofthe Legis
lature.
The committee have now gone through what they thought
proper to say upon the preamble, and the nine propositions
submitted to them. They are fully sensible that this great sub
ject has not met in their hands with that full notice and investi
gation, which its importance demands, and they can only hope
for what they have presented, that some probable good may
be obtained to our State, and that the grandeur mid magnifi- i
cenee of our schemes of internal improvement, so am pieiouslv !
commenced, may be prosecuted’aud condncted to a successful j
termination, so that a multiplication of the comfort, and com-’
veniencesof life may be proportionahly increased to our cliiz. tis ;
and their moral, social, commercial ami political condition, ■
vastly improved. All of which, is respectfully submitted.
A man mimed McKinster was killed at Cincinnati on the 2”th ’
nit. by a dray running over him. Two other persons, one a female !
were seriously injured at the same time. MeKmster was a Bahi
niorean, and engaged in the oyster business.—A. O. Picayune.
P. L. KOniNSOM, PROPKIETOt?
ki ISSE LLAMEO US.
From tie Knickerbocker,
THE OLD TOWN PUMP.
“And a good many of ye town of Boston can testifie, that
evil spirits have greatly troubled them, appearing in diverse
forms and shapes, ami sometimes continuing their hateful vis
its, at brief intervals, for nearly a whole month at a time ' -
Cotton Mather.
Nearly a century ago, long before our good ancestor®, tl .
colonists, thought of throwing off the yoke of Great Briliam
there was an old pump, situated at the foot of Copjf:. HiH. In
its best days, it had been c*lebrated for snpphin : >. rth
end with the purest water in Boston. It had its f km,
ever, as what pump has not? It resolutely refused water,
early in the morning or late at night. When moriAm.- am!
night came, therefore, it was thronged with “regular
mers,” who notwithstanding the large numbers, peaceabiv • , .
their turn, without even so much as pushing to gain prm;:
de»ce. Alas! how short is human life! Not one of al! the
goodly company who were wont to resort to that pump, are
now living. They have wasted from the face ofthe earth, and
even th*ir names have perished ! The venerable old relic,
too, its antiquated handle, it® curious crooked nose, its old
fashiomd shoe, ami its short, round body, and thick cap, with
‘Timothy Block, Maker, 1700,” engraved upon it, has per
ished. Ah, me! that old pump! which once served as a land
mark to a lost townsman in a dark night, even as the ligut
house guides the tefnpest-tessed mariner, which was die ussig
natioii-place, the try.umg-tree, could it have spoken, what tales
could it not have unfolded, of plots, rebellion, and treason 1 —
It could have whispered, too, us the lever’s soft tale, told be
[ m xtb iu trindly shallow. But it has perished ; its springs haw
long siwe® dried up, its body prostrated, and its ancient cap.,
which should have claimed respect for its antiquity, from the
baud us sacrilege, laid level with the dust. Avarice and world
ly g*iu has created a block of buildings upon the site which it
aztee occupied, and it is known no more.
About a stone’s throw from the spot upon which it stood,
there still existed, in 1800, an old fashioned two story wooden
house, once painted red, but so altered by time, that scarcely
vistige ol its former color remained, when it was torn down.—
I ibis was the residence ol Bdi Gray, a cobbler by trade, wh
i supported his mother and himself from his earnings, by mend
J ing shoes ami leggius for the good town’s people of Boston.--
Bill was fond of an extra glass, anti often in the summer sea
j son, vv hen his day’s work was over, would run down to tl.
■■ “King George” tavern, only just for a few minutes, where, in
company with congenial spirits, he was pretty sure to spend
half the night.
One evening in May, 1750, Bill was seated as usual in the
tap-room o! the “King George.” Astrom had been ? > hriim;
all day in tbeh< avens, and just at nightfall had bur-, io all it?
fury upon the little tow a of Boston. So sudden had been its
advent, that many, who but a minute before had piopitet-:• 3
that it would uradotibtedy hold off til! morning, were, in spite
■ of their prediction, compelled to fly for shelter to the neare®-
■ cover. Oi this number was Bill Gray, who chanced to Le
standing near the tavern. It was quite natural for him to dodg.:
i into joe bur-rooui ol the “George.” A general shout from <
drms.iug party at a table welcomed him, and after drying I,
wet garments by the lire, he took a seat at the table with then.,
j . ms it had evidently set in for a rainy night, the party detei
mined to enjoy themselves under cover, and bid defiance to ti
, storm which raged without. Ordering fresh fuel and liq - . ,
thrrefnre, they prepared to make themselves as comfbrtal i< ■
tiie case would admit. The wind, weather, crops, amt .a? ;.
. topics which to this day furnish materials for common-; ;-,
i conversation, having been worn out, the company beg;u
! look each other in the lace, and in spite of all endeavors, t ! ;.....
; spirits began to flag, and all for want of something to talk «
bout. Suddenly one of the company proposed that thev shc-.u >
, all take turns in relating stories. The proposition was at em:?
; voted a good one, and innumerable were the tales told that;
night. 1 here was one iu particular which was deeply impress
ied upuP the mind of Bill Gray, who, to the day of his death
; remembered every syllable, exactly as it was narrated. The
burden of the tale ».as simply this. A man, for some trifling
consideration, sold his soul to Satan. At the experation of n
few years, he was waited upon by his infernal Majesty, and trail.,
ferred to his kingdom, with the usual accompaniments of sh
smoke, blue lightning, ami thunder.
Ten o’clock struck, before the party thought of breaking up,
and when they did Bill Gray, with his hands in his pockets
ran home with all the speed he was master of, keeping his eye
closed all the way, lest he should meet the Evil One, and b
tempted to barter his hopes of salvation. After safely locking tb.
door, he began to congratulate himself upon being again t. ; .
home, lie was thinking of a draught of water, before goin.
to bed, when, happening to cast a look into the bucket, he per
ceived that it was empty. What was to be done? H.-.i.us;
either start off" and fill it, or rise a great deal earlk < in
i morning than suited his habits. He could not forego in® u.or-
I tting s ii<«jq nor could lie bringhismind to pay a nm iuruul s i®-
it to the old pump, at the foot of Copp’s, especially -rhea iii;.
brain was filled w ith ghosts, hobgoblins, and the lie/-? • ■afsuc.',
awful legends as ho had heard that evening. Bata® (Le watt?
must be had, decided, aftei a severe mental struggle, dial tb®.
best thing he could do, would be at once to start, before hL
courage could have time to evaporate. Seizing the bui f.rt, m:
rushed in desperation out of tiie house, and took his way, Ly
the shortest cut, to the pump.
.1 he storm was over, ttnd the clouds breaking away, gave to
kens of a fair day on the morrow. But Bill cared not for this;
his greatest solicitude was, t>> get back in the least possible time,
without meeting the Imp of Darkness. He soon found himself
alongside the pump, and under the faint glimmering lamp,
which the inhabitants of the North-End had purchased by vol
untary subscription, and planted near it. Suspending his buck
et umicr the nose, he clutched the handle, and moved it con
vul.-.ively up and down: a dozen times, butivithout success. Not
a drop flowed. Again he tried, and yet again; but a long, dry
cough was ml he could elicit. In his vexation, he raised his arm,
ami dealt the inanimate offender a severe blow w ith his clench
ed fist.
“ Come, look out bow you hit me, Bill Gray 1” said * gruff
voice, close to him.
Bid raised his eyes in unfeigned astonishment, and beheld,
seated m-ros* the nose of the pump, a Ihtle figure scarcely two
feet in height, dressed in a black sail, with a red woollen cup
on his head.. He was Pit? entire dtforaaity. On his back he
carried a miniature moiKitain, his head was larger than at’-
three Bill had ever seen; his legs were like drum slicks, au
his face was lit up with a hideous expression, while from 1.
eyes darted go tv earthly twinkle,
“ ho—who are are you ?” stammered Gray.
“ My name is Kuippercrtu k,” answered the same gruff’ voi<
“I am the tutelar ■■enius of this pump. I preside over i.s
destinies, and I won’t permit it to be abused, especially by
one upon whom it has been in the habit of’ conferring il®
favors.”
As lie said this, the little man clapped his bands, uni! gave
vent to something between a screech and a howl, which re
■choed.tbrough the neighborhood, until it seemed th :i it would'
lift the v'-ry roofs of the houses, s nn<l our hero fancied he con'd
hear the cry repeated in chorus by a thousand voi- es, on ti.o
<Hmmit of the Copp’s.
“ Now, tell me,” growled the genius—“ tell me truly, ,~r
I II pass yon over to the good people up the hill there—jwiuu
are you d..m< here at this time of night?”
hill m-'de o >t to say tbit he was after water.
“Moo! boo I boo I” yelled Knippercrnck, ‘Hao!
hoo!” t.»; rated ;he ehi'ins on the hill. “Tyll that to flu ?
who y >u ran make believe it !” continued Knippercrack, wi
a hugli of derision, “ come after water at this time of night
AH fudge! Y u lie. Bill Gray!—you know you lie!
.Although Bill was ttndotthledly the biggest coward in IL
ton. s>.”| he could not stand and hear himself thus berated, will;
out feeling a hearty good will to upset the little
WHOEE JWO. as 7.