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ncctinc portion of the community ; but its multiform ellects and con- ,
Lnenc's, fall indis. ■> in.it.ut.lv upon ullages, sexes and < conditions, ,
and alike, (lutein, are withered and blasted, the parent s pr.de, th.
happiness of tho fireside, and humanity s hope ol uschilness and po
re. ' But perhaps the shortest and best method ol placing these otien
ces before vou, in all their hideous deformity, is to call your attention i
to the fact, that the intelligence and wisdom ol your Stall', havej se
lected each fiotii the catalogue of crimes, and placed it alone tn the ,
company of the other, thus erecting a buoy over the shoals they con
ceal. hw as the intention of the Legislature, however, not to inter
fere with t o amusements, but to restrain the the citizen,—
and therefore, in eider to constitute this offence, there must be both
playing and betting, at some one of the games specified. Let me
croit you to all diligence in the discovery and punishment ol these
oll'enccs, if they are practiced among you. ... I
\our dote, on the civil side of the Court, is defined by your oath .
to try special causes. But asjhe Court will usually charge) you spe- I
ciallv on’ each particular case, I deem further remark upon this '
branch, at present, unnecessary.
In conclusion, gentlemen, allow me to say, that Law is a science,
and like all others, progressive. Peril ips hum in wisdom may never
pro luce, nor time witness its perfection. In the extended regions,
wide It iLppetts up to the view, “ alps on alps arise so that the vota
ry who Teaches the summit of one ascent, but beholds the height of
another, more laborious and difficult ol access. I l>o rich depths ol
its invaluable mines have never been explored. You cannot there
fore hut exoect that vour presiding officer (comparatively young as
ho is) will sometimes be perplexed with doubt and ditlicnhy| in the
discharge of his functions. Yet with the assistance of an experienced
and honest Grand Jury, ami an intelligent and courteous Bar, he in
dulges tlm pleasing hope, that he will be able to dispense justice in
mercy, preserve “la conscience void ot offence, restrain the guilty,
protect the innocent, and effectually guard the various interests jot
society.
Fur the Simulant of I nion.
Mn. Editor—Although we -are citizens of that portion of Georg a
where we see and hear but little that is passing, either in the politi
cal or commercial world, but knowing that this is an age of improve
ment are anxious to contribute our mite advancement ol the
best interests of the State.
We have heard much in our secluded abodes ol the causes ot j ast
calamities, and the gloomv aspect that almost every portion ol ti.e
State Ims borne. Some tell us it is because the people do uot work
enough; others that they trade too much; others that there aic too
many banks with not a suffl. ienev ot specie, Ac. \v evv ill now give
our opinions, and also state what we think will speedily restore pros
perity, and place it on that firm basis, that it will stimulate without
being attended with intoxication, and followed w ith misery.
•• Where the treasure is, there w ill the heart be also. Ihe farm
ers have set but little value to their lands, and former Legislatures
have done but little to give value to them, hence the foundation of
what gives permanent prosperity to every State has not been laid.
Our wealth and population have been constantly fleeing from us.
Mmv destroy the lands, render them a waste, then leave them and
go to distant .tries, virtually taking with them the sod of the
State. This makes laud abundant compared w.th the population
money and rich soils scarce, and gives to every kind of busmess a
corresponding decline.
What will prevent this? The same that has done it in the State of
New York. If the farmer wants .money, he has his land to draw it
on, in some wav, at a low rate of interest. If hr wants convenien
ces’ for the transportation of his produce, make him railroads or
canals ; his land will then become his treasure, and as lie finds it af
fords him all tint is necessary for comfort and enjoyment, he im
proves it; his children follow the example, and the whole people
share in the benefits. A few thousand acres, worn out and abandon
ed bv the citizens of Georgia, would give support and wealth to a
multitude in New York. Some contend that the ruinous migration
of Georgia, has been caused by the abundance of new lands in the
distant, and neighboring States; but why has it no been the etise in
the Slate just mentioned? The people can pass to new countries
at half the expense that those of Georgia are able to do.
We have tii d to give the reasons; we will now state the princi
pal object of this communication and give our apol >gy.
From our peculiar situation, which we first described, we thought
it our part to remain as pupils; to listen but not to speak. \V e
were driven from this passive position by finding our most prudent
an! industrious farmers were thrown into confusion, and those of
large means were swallowing up the only resources from which the
in inv, by strenuous exertions, gained a competency. Our lands
were rich and productive when cultivated, yet it required lime, and
frequently, the use of money, to m ike them so. We then warmly
advocated the passage of the general Banking law. We found pro
ductive bin Is an important ingredient, and by powerful efforts, aided
by yourself and others, the victory was gained. We think it a glo
rious one for Georgia. It may be gradual in its operation and influ
ence ; vet with proper amendments, we think it [will exceed in is ■-
fulness, tb.e most sanguine of those most interested in
its success. It will lead to the general culture of our lands, and im
provement of real estate—make people content to live near their
relations—multiply and give wealth and strength to their State—
bling others hero, to share in the natural advantages which they are
unable to find in other States—increase social intercourse—educa
tion, in fine, all the blessings of life. Bring mechanics and manufac
tureis, and advance southern commerce. Still, to accomplish all
these tliin/s speedily, we think it important to allow companies the
privilege of making a part of their issues payable at stated periods,
bearing a low rate of interest from date, with the same security as
is now required, and the indivi Inals of a company, personally liable
also for such engagement. If not paid at maturity, (when required,
in d ivs, the sain ■ penalties as the law now points out for a failure
to redeem in specie. Such an amendment we think would obviate
the necessity of loans from distant countries. We believe by proper
legislation, the wealth of the United States ample to afford an abun
dance of money, perfect security, and make almost every State, in
process of time, arr ve at tint perfection in improvement and cultiva
tion that those countries posses, which so abound in gold and silver,
with the mass of their people in ttener il distress.
In conclusion we will say, that althoughgwe warmly unite with
you in the importance of general and equal laws, and the passage
of tiie Free Banking law, we think there are many interna) improve
ments which should be made by the State without delay’. Should it
not be practicable to make the benefits equal, we believe there is
no porti n of Georgia but will be more than repaid by the improve
ment of th >t part which is most remote from them. Still we aie fa
vorable to the most equal assistance that can be given.
South Western Georgia.
From the ll'ashington News.
JOHN S. OLIVER.
We understand that JOHN S. OLIVER. who recently left this place
in a l urry, after attempting to defraud sundry of bis creditors has pas
sed through several places in this State, wherein he has represented
himself to he an unmarried man. We wish to remind the gentleman
of what perhaps has escaped his recollection, that he has a wife and
child in this place, which ought to be some small inducement, to pre
vent him from attempting to join the honorable fraternity of bachelors!
Il is believed to be his intention basely to desert his wife, who is repre
sented to us 10 be a pious and estimable lady, altogether undeserving of
the fate which has joined her to a pitiful fellow, who has left her here
among strangers, and dependant upon their sympathies for support. He
is a Printer by trade, and worked while here in the 'News’ office, and
on that account we feel oirselves called upon particularly, to warn the
public against bis practices—We have no ill-will against him, we only
wish to instruct the gentleman in a few of the fust principles of moral
ity. and t > put the community on their guard against deception. If he
will n tnrii ami act honorably by his family, we will make the aminde
honorable to him. if he will not we will give him another lecture, which
w ill tea, b him that perhaps the pen Editorial may reach further than
the arm of the law.
[The , hove gentleman was in our employ a short time since, and took
French Uat- without settling for his board.
[Ed. Standard.
Bentf.n<;k Dav.—The Charleston Cornier of the 31st tilt, says:—
“ Last Saturday was sentence day of the Court of General Sessions for
Charleston Distrit l Judge Butler pornoimced the follow ing sen
tences.
“ The Staters. F. Russell—Larceny — Defendant to receive 29 lashes
at the public w hipping post, in instalments, tw o of ten and one of nine
lashes, on the first Saturdays in March, May and July next respectively,
and to lie imprisoned fortlnce months theteafter.
“ The State rs Thos. J. Kennedy—Larceny. Defendant to receive
three lashes at the public whipping post, on the first Friday in March
next.
"The S lateJfS f Jose ph' t J.[Lyons—Two cares—Purchasing Corn from a
iSlave.— Defendant to be imprisoned for two months in each case ; in
ail, four mouths.
"The State vs. Jo.eph, J.Aryans—Selling Spirits to a Slate. — De
•endant'to pay a fine of one bmidrcdjdollars.
“J here were also several sentence- imposing fines and imprisonment
forjKjots ami Assaults and Batteiics.
" Iho Court has now got fairly under way in the trial of cases on the
low-ii Issue Docket, but it is doubtful from theii number, w hether they
ran be dispo-ed of, during the remaining jlhree days of the term."
/ runt the Sataiuiftl’. (icortfimi.
FROM FLORIDA.
if l ' i'i'" ' J **’*l-a|.l. Nook, from fit. Augustine, we have
received the He:< <,l I'hur ,t ... i. , . ,
following- ‘ ntirsday la,t. I rom this paper we extract the
..T. Ai,(,t . t in» .Liu. 2L .irlern Indians captured— We learn by
he arrival ofan o be.-r of the army f, f I;h1 ( . V(;ll i (1 g "h:n
adca.ihmentottln-eucum 1 ,',,: sos drag ~,,-ler Capt. 1,1.7 dJ .
Beall, lull Imt Butler o„ scout of seven days, ami returned on the
-L I, h-.vmg captured lb Let ms When near the Vita pop-ka Lake |
he discover..! an Indian trad which be follow. .1 up mud he 10-, it, ami
halted. His men were instantly extended and urged rapidly forward
When he succeeded 111 capturing the IG Indians-:; men, 2 uov, m.d tl„.
r. st woim-ii and children.
Captain Beall's company has left forth.’; Oksfmokeo Hwamp
From lb- same source we learn ih non the 2<hh. a pat ly >d's Indians
near Fort Brook , fired on a wagoner while with his team, ami severely
wounded him in tic: breast, but not so badly as to prevent his es.-arm
In the wagon w :re a few bags of oats ami corn ; the latter they endeav
ored to carry ofi, an I probably from fright, they w ere obliged to leas e
alter earrying it about one hu.idied yards. The oxtm in the wagon were
L-lt u.ib uin■ |. O.i th ;21 >t, tla pt. Tliompkinx came up with their camp,
and <; ip'u.ol di ir eamp e.pi'page ; the ludiaiis effected their escape.
i‘o .1 . y.e h i lei Jami, tire to be re-established at Fort Fierce, (Indian
River.) I-ort Lauderdale and Key Bisc.ayue. Active preparations are
making for that purpose.
I'i otHihe Hrunttrick Adror<itc,
THE BRUNSWICK AND FLORIDA RAILROAD.
The first meeting of the Stockholders of this company, upon the 6th
tilt, was numerously attended at Thomasville. About'two hundred
wore present, representing stock to the amount of a half million of dol
lars. The first instalment of five per cent, was paid up with great spirit,
ttml much urgency that ihe woik should immediately proceed to its ac
complishment. of the great importance of which, no on t could entertain
a doubt. Os the amount of stock not represented, many of the holders
had not received notice of the meeting, and others, of (he western coun
ties, were at such distances that they could not attend. The collection
of their assessments is now going on, and we shall soon bo able to an
nounce its complete payment. The election of the officers of the Gem
pany is such as to give the public still further confidence in the good con
duct ami speedy completion of this great work. Their names are as
follows :
THOMAS Bl ’IT.ER KING, of Brunswick, President,
Gen. James Hamilton,of S. C. )
Gen. Jones, of Stewart Go. |
Col. Jones, of Lowndes Go. i
■ ■ s. >» • i ~ < 1 'irectors.
Rev. Mr. Davis, ol Lee < o.
< 01. T. E Blackshear.oTLeeCo. |
Duncan Ray, Esq. of Lee co. J
T. J. Johnson, of Thomas Go., Treasurer.
A. L. King, of Brunswick, Secretary.
Moncure Robinson, ofPhilada. Chief Engineer.
William Parkei, of Boston. I’rin. Assist, do.
IL F. Perkam, of Boston, Assistant do.
11. K. Curtis, of Boston, Assistant do.
Trial for Murder.— Very great interest and an excited state of public
mind has existed in Philadelphia for the last week, in connection with
the trial of two steam doctors, Chauncey and Armstrong, for the mur
der of a young woman named Eliza Sowers, and of one Nixon, as ac
cessory before the fact. The young woman, who is said to have been
very beautiful, was employed in a paper mill, of which Nixon was su
perin’endent. He was a married man, and has a family of children, but
was nevertheless charged w ith the seduction of the girl, and w ith caus
ing herto be subjected to medical and surgical treatment, to prevent dis
covery of his criminal intercourse, the two physicians being the agents
employed l»v him for ihe purpose.
The testimony was circumstantial Rs regarded Nixon, and. so far as
we can judge from the imperfect repo-ts given in the Philadelphia pa
pers. somew hat questionable as against the two practitioners, owing to
the character of the principal witness. Concealment was proved against
one ofthem, Chauncey, ami gross prevarication against both. Many ot
the <letails given in evidence were unfit for publication, and are not giv
en in the reports that we have seen.
Dr. Chauncey was convicted, yesterday, of murder in the second de
gree, and the other two were acquitted.—. New York paper,23d alt.
LATEST FROM THE OKEFINOKEE.
We are permitted by the kindness of a friend to make the following
extract from a letter ot Gen. Charles Floyd, received in this city, dated
HEAD QI ARTERS, Okefinokee District, ?
Camp Hope, 14th Jan., 1839. y
“ I have every reason to believe that there is not an Indian at present
in the Okefinokee district. For the last month no sign has been discov
ered, although the strictest search has been made in the swamp and the
surrounding country. 1 have searched a longdistance into Florida, but
without success. The enemy have gone far beyond oui reach—but it
will be necessary to keep a force on our frontier to prevent their re
turn-” Brunswick Advocate.
Death of Judge Colcock. (In Saturday night at his residence in
Broad street, the venerable Charles J. (folcock. President of the Bank
of the State, closed his eyes in death. Hehad lingered for some months
in feeble health; but though his life had been despaired of bv all who
knew his situation, few will hear without a shock the annunciation of
his death. Judge Colcock was one of those man w hose superior talents,
firmness and stainless integrity, make them pillars in the State. These
qual ties in him had long commanded the deepest confidence of his fel
low-citizens, and letl to their reposing in him the most important pub
lic trusts. How he has discharged these high duties, the voice of the
whole State will answer. The memory’ of his public services is a
monument w hich will long be regarded with veneration. [Charleston
Mercury.
Wilmington, Jan. 18.
Unprecedented in North. Carolina.— Mr. Lewis of Wayne, informs us
that on the evening of the 10th, he killed and cleaned sixty-tour hogs
after sunset, 87 miles from Wilmington, and delivered them at 2 o’clock
in the Wilmington Market on the 11th. by means of the Wilmington and
Rr.leigh Railroad. That he also broughtto market sundry bales of cot
ton at the same time, tw oof which had been packed on the morning of
the IDh. Such despatch is worthy of public notice, ami proclaims
mote loudly the advantages afforded by Railroads to the Farmer, than
thousands of theories and fine spun arguments. We ought also tomen
tion that Mr Cogdell lives seven miles from the Railroad track, and this
distance was consequently to be overcome by wagons.— Advertiser.
A fellow who had been paying his devoirs at the shrine of Bacchus
and like Falstaff had forsw’orn thin potations, stood at the corner
of the street, about three sheets in the wind, endeavoring to sustain
himself by the assistance of a post. It was rather a difficult piece
of business, for he was first upon one side of it, then upon the other.
In this emergency, a boon companion of the opposite side of the
street, called to him to come across. ‘Come across,’ said the fel
low, with a hiccup, missing his hold of the post, and stumbling at
length, ‘you must be a smart man to suppose I can come across,
when I am too drunk to stay where I am.’—[Cincinnati News.
An amusing incident occurred one day last week, in one of our Banks
in this city, w hich is rather too good to be lost. A son of die Emerald
Isle called at the counter of the Bank, in order to get a check cashed.
It had waxed late, and something of a crowd was collected to get busi
ness despatched before two o’clock. Among the rest, a gentleman call
ed to pay a note; and. standing alongside of ojr brother from the green
island, handed over his shoulder the customary notice, with a request
for the note, laying the notice on the counter. The teller, in the hurry
of the business, did not observe who asked for the note, and taking the
check from him of the i-land, exclaimed, as usual, “all right.” The
! astonishment of our Irish friend may be imagined—“ All tijht! by St
’ Patrick—all right is it? and whete then is the money, arrah !” A roar
i of laughter from till present, testified to the humor of the scene and
added to the astonishment of him concerned. On examination, it was
i discovered that the check and the note to be paid, were precisely the
sum, and the teller, in his hurry, supposed the check was to pay the note.
Pat then received the needful, and retired well satisfied with this denoue
inent of an affair, w hich at one time wore, in his view, a rather ugly
aspect. [N. Y. paper.
Don’t despair, Girls. On Saturday last, Ml-. John Ayseustciu, a
; very respectable gentleman, a sugar refiner, in this city, led to the hy
menial altar Miss Rhoda Grayson, after a continued courtship of thirty
i nine years! 'ihe parties are both over seventy years of age; Mr. A.
over seventy-five. Miss Rhoda about two years his junior. They have
been acquainted from childhood, and when the gentleman was in his
twenty-filth year, he essayed to w oo his fair one, and was lent a patient
hearing for some two or three years, when a country lass of some seven
teen or eighteen years, a village coquette, ci ossed his path and led him
a merry dance for a few months, and then—left him for a newer face.
After a lapse of a few years, like a prodigal penitent, and in sorrow,
he returned to his first love, raid a more attentive, faithful swain,
Ne’er crooked the pliant hinges of the knee
Where thrift did follow fawning—
Having visited her upon an average more than five evenings of every
week during the entire thirty-nine years' Some disagreement upon a
point of trifling consequence in their future domestic arrangements, was
the cause of the long deferred nuptials. In a pecuniary point of view,
he has made a handsome speculation— she possessing solid charms to
the amount of $-19.61)0. ’1 he point in disagreement he was compelled
to yield—the fair one vowing she would die first. [Phil. Spirit of the
Times.
Swartwout Defalcation. The committee ultimately adopted to
investigate this matter, is composed of Messrs. Harlan, Curtis, Wise,
Dawson, Smith, Hopkins, Owens, Foster, and Wagener; who elected
Mr. Harlan Chairman, and Mr. Philip R. Fendall, of Washington,
f-l< rk, and proceeded, on the 22d, to New York, to commence the in
vestigation there.
Labor.—lt is to labor, and to labor only, that man owes every' thing
possessed of exchangeable value. Labor is the talisman that has raised
him from the condition of a savage; that has changed the desert and
the forest into cultivated fields; that has covered the earth will cities,
and the oceaii with ships; that has given us plenty, comfort, and ele
gance, instead of want, misery, and barbarism.
’ What is that house shingled with,’ said one of our citizens to anoth
er, the other day, as they passed the domicile of a nabob, where the
walls were taised high enough to prevent the vulgar from gazing at
his roof. '.Mortgages! sir, mortgages! ami well shingled at thaL’
[Cincinnatian.
A man in Cincinnati has eommencvd the manufacture of velvet caps
out of sow s ears. We wish him all sorts of success. [Boston Times.
Curious Application for Divorce.—ln the N. York
assembly on Monday a petition from J. Simmonds praying for
a divorce, was under consideration. It appears that the mar
riage sought to be annulled took place legally, a number of
years since, but that the lady lias uniformly, and from the first
moment of the connection, refused to assume the duties of a
wife. She refuses to give any reason (save an unquenchable
lepiignance) for the refusal, although she acknowledges that
every thing would be supposed necessary to make a home de
sirable, was possessed by Mr. S. In this my sterious dilemma,
the petitioner asks for a divorce, and the petition is concurred
in by the lady herself, the lady’s father, and many of the neigh
bors ol boih.
The Committee to whom the petition was referred, have been
put in possession of a letter from the lady, partly in verse, to a
genii.-;:.an tn Albany < ity, which the Committee think unrav
els the mistery by the fact that her heart lias been
long m the possession of sa d gentleman, as it now is.
I: will be n.coiiected that a sorne vliat similar case was be
loieotir Legislature at its last session, 'l'tie wifi- in this ca-e
wa> the petitioner, and it was the liushaml who was im otrigible
—lh<ni(*li hehad not even the excuse of a prior attachment.—
Ine divorce was granted,— lirtUiinirre (fhroniclc!.
Commodore Porter has published a letter, in whieli he states
that he has not sought, nor does he desire to be restored to his I
former rank in the Navy. I
Front (he Ncir Orleans Ficayuuc,
'I HE CANADAS.
The history of the Canadas is very briefly told. They were
conquered from France during the administration of Chatham,
by the gallant, mid j.still,more lucky than gallant, exploit of
Wolfe in 1759. They have virtually therefore, formed an in
tegral portion of the Bi ilish empire for the long period of eigh- I
ty years. When first taken possession of they contained only
70,000 inhabitants, and even at the peace of 1783 the popula
tion did not much exceed 109,000. By the treaty ol peace
which ceded Canada to the British nation in 1763, the religion
and property ofthe Canadians were secured to them, which in
deed was conformable to the terms on which the province ca
pitulated to the conquerors, tor fifteen years alter the con
quest, the colony was governed by orders in counci 1 , that is,
by the arbitrary will of the minister, in 1774, the
English criminal law with jury trial was introduced by statute,
and in the same act by which this was done, the customs ot
Paris were declared to be the laws for the regulation of proper
ty. This act of 1778, which relinquished the power of taxing
the American colonies for the benefit of the mother country,
included the Canadas. Still they were under the arbitrary
government of the crown, and continued so until 1791, or for a
period of thirty-two years from the conquest, or twenty-eight
from the cession. In tiie last named year was established that
form of government by which they are at present ruled.
This government was the work of Mr. Pitt, and the intro
duction ofthe bill by which it was established is famous in the
annals of British party warfare, as being the outbreak of aris
tocratic feeling on the part of Burke and his friends, their ad
hesion to the tory party in the war against the liberties of
1 France, and their separation from the sounder part ofthe whigs.
By this act the province of Quebec, as the territory had been
hitherto called, was divided into two governments to be called
Upper ami Lower[Canada/ Each was to have a form of gov
ernment, framed, as was pretended, on the model ofthe British
constitution. There was provision for a House of Commons
or Representative Chamber, under the name ofthe assembly.
The hereditary wisdom of England was mimicked by a body
of which the members were named by the crown for life. This
was called the legislative council. The governor was to be
the representative of royalty, to constitute the third power in
the balance of the constitution; and he had his executive coun
cil in imitation of the privy council in England. A govern
ment framed on the same principles exists in the other four
provinces which constitute the North American colonies; and
indeed, with one or two exceptions, this has at all timesjjbeen
the customary form of colonial governments.
The evils which have sprung-out of this discordant plan of
government are now to be shown. The French population of
the Canadas preferred of course the mild law s of England, even
when i.dtninistered at the will of an individual, to the govern
i ment of Louis XV., and they continued tolerably well satisfied,
not only before, but even for years after the establishment of
what was called the constitutional government of 1791. This
is easily explained. A weak and ignorant French population
of 70,000, or even of 90,000, was satisfied with a very indifler
ent administration ; but when this population had increased—
w hen it hail mixed with English and® American settlers, and
become commercial, wealthy, and instructed, it necessarily be
gan to feel its o.- n strength, and claim substantial exercise of
the rights conferred upon the democracy by the actol 1791,
and which for nearly twenty years, or till about ISIS, appear
to have been inj From that time until now the
struggle between the people for liberty and economy, and the
local oligarchy, supported by the English minister, for prerog
ative and extravagance, has been going forward, almost yearly
increasing in intensity, until, with some slight modification, the
same drama is to be enacted inJCanada, which was acted in out
own country from 1763 to 1783.
The root of the evil isjin.the existence of government unsuit
ed to the character and fabric of the society. As long as the
constitution was a dead letter—that is as long as the local oli
garchy was permitted to rule the country, and the people were
imliff r**nt and passive—matters moved on in sufiieient har
mony ; but as soon as this state of things came to an end, the |
discordant parts ofthe machine pulled in opposite directions, :
and it consequently would not move at all. The House of|
Assembly of Lower Canada, as matters have turned out, proves
to be a thorough representation of the popular opinion, being
returned by the jCS freeholders in the rural districts and £lO
freeholders in the towns, w hich amounts pretty nearly to uni
versal suffrage, as there are few householders that do not come
under one or the other of these heads.
It consists of eighty-eight members, so that there is a repre
sentative for nearly every GOOO inhabitants. The legislative
council, to represent ihe aristocracy of a country which from
the nature of thirms can have none, is nominally appointed by
the crown, that is, by the governor, the representative of the
crown. Practically, however, this is not the case; and bad as
such a result would he, the matter is still worse. The govern
or, a stranger when he arrives in the colony, finds himself it:
the hands ofa faction ; and it is this faction which virtually
names the legislative council, the executive or privy council,
and the chief public functionaries of the administration. The
members of both these councils frequently consist of the same
individuals, and among them are found ex-officio many ol the
officers ofthe judicial and executive administration removable
at the will ofthe crown. The English Bishop (not the Cana
dian) and the commissioner of the Jesuit’s estates, are of both
councils; ami in the legislative council, or House of Peers, are
further found such members of a Canadian peerage as the sher
iff, the receiver general of the revenue, the commissioner of the
ciown lands, ant! many others of the same stamp. At the same
time, members of this strange House of Peers may be seen dis
charging die functions of subordinate officers to the Privy
Council, while a right honorable Privy Councllior will be
found in the capacity of clerk to their lordships, the legislators.
Ofwiat class ofthe population of the Canadas does the reader
fancy this Ziz/reawcracy consists ? Not of the Canadians, who
constitute four fifths of the mass of the inhabitants; but ofthe
tory English, Scots, and Irish, or w hat is worse of American
loyalists or their descendants, in other words of the enemit-S of
public liberty, who on the establishment of independence found
the republic too hot for them to live in, and fled to the Canadas
to plague them. Having done all they could to prolong the
contest between the mother country and the old colonies, they
are now engaged in the congenial task of working as much
mischief as they can in the new ones.
In the list of grievances which the Canadians exhibited in
1834, they complained that every bill which passed the lower
house favorable to liberty, or even of a popular character, was
pretty sure to he either rejected or mutilated by the legislative
council. Acts for the establishment of local judicatories, for
the ad vancement of education among the people, and for the
relief ofthe dissenters were among these. A bill making it ob
ligatory on members of the Assembly accepting offices of profit
um’er the executive, to vacate their seats and submit to a new
election, as is the practice in England, France, Belgium, and
wherever there is a semblance of constitutional government
was also rejected. Such are a few examples of the grievances
of which the Canadians complained, and w hich have at length
brought matters to the present alarming crisis.
There is an impression abroad that the-contest w Inch is now
going on is a national one—a contest between a French party
and an English one—between a disaffected party on the one
side and a loyal parly on the other. It is quite true that a ma
jority ofthose who took arms against the mother country were
of French origin, and that the majority ofthose opposed to them
are English. But in every thing except language and a few in
convenient laws, the population of Lower Canada is substan
tially English. There is hardly an individual in the coiintrs
that was born a Frenchman. The people have been nearly all
born, and every one of them bred, as English, and entertain
no national prejudices in favor of France. As long as the
Canadians were merely French, and nothing more, they were
contented, and what a monarchist would describe as faithful
and loyal subjects. It is because they have become English
in their feelings and habits, that they insist on the liberty w hich
Englishmen have been in the habit of exercising (if not of al
lowing) every w here for the last two centuries.
There is also a popular notion, that England is repaid for
her great expenditure in the Canadas, by cotnmt rcial privileges
and advantages. It is said, that the trade of the North Amer
ican Coloni-s gives extraordinary employment to British ship
ping and sailors, and affords a great market for her manufac
tures, with the most convenient outlet for emigration. These
assertions, on the other hand, have been refuted. By pnttiitg
a discriminating duty, enormous in amount, on the corn and
timber ofthe Northern nations ol Europe, hut especially on the
latter, I'ziglaml has discouraged and almost stifled the com
merce with those nations, to give a factitious encouragement to
that of her North American Colonies. “This policy,’’says an
English writer, “commenced in 1800 and was perfected in
1813. Under this sy.-tein, so favorable in appearance to the
cohmies, the declared value of the whole exports of Bi ilish
produce ami manufactures in North America in 1817 was
=£1,515,317. In 1830, or at an interval of thirteen years, the
amount was £1,857,133, which is an increase of 18 per cent.;”
an augmentation certainly not equal to that of the consumers
within the same period, and, therefore, virtually no increase at
ill. But within the same period the trade with the Northern
nations which was sacrificed to the imagined advantages ofthe
colonial trade, had, ol course, prodigiously declined. “In
1817,” we quote the same authority, “the declared value of
the British prlidttce and manufactures exported to Russia,
Prussia, Sweden, and Norway, was £3,905,730, and in 1830,
it had (alien to £ 1,890,688, a decline of more than £2,000,-
000 ; that is to say, a decline which exceeded at this time our
whole exports of British produce to the North American Colo
nies.” Tits by a strange pol cy, England increased her trade
in one direction by about £340,000, and diminished it in an
other by above £2,000,000. She gained a few poor custom
ers in one quarter, and lost a great mmy rich ones in another.
The boasted advantages ol Canada for emigration hardlt
deserve notice. As long as England is over-peopled and Canada
is tinder-peopled ; as there is too little land in the one and too
little labor in the other; emigration is sure to goon with a
steady pace, and would go on to-morrow just as rapidly as it
has gone on lor the l ist live years, though Can tda were an
independent country. The only difi’erence would be*that it
would go on w ithout expense to the mother country. Did em
igration cease when we became independent? Ou the con
trai’y, it increased, and so did the trade of Great Britain.
With respect to the employment given to British shipping
and seamen by the North American trade, the usual statement
made on the subject is, that about 6700 ships, of the burthen
of about 450,000 tons, and 20,000 seamen are yearly employ
ed. It turns out, however, that the ships engaged in the trade
perform, on an average, nearly two voyages within the year;
so that this statement so bravely put forth, contains an exag
geration of nearly cent per cent, and, in short, instead ol
450,000 tons of shipping and 20,000 seamen, the real number
will be something like 225,000 tons and 10,000 seamen, while
we shall have further to deduct the employment for shipping
and sailors forfeited by the loss ofthe Baltic trade. The great
advantage urged by the monopolists in parliament appears to
be, that their timber is carried a much longer voyage. Upon
this principle, why do they not propose the policy of carrying
it around Cape Horn.
So much then for the pretended benefit of this commerce to
the mother country. The pecuniary losses sustained by her on
account of her North American Colonits, cannot safely be
reckoned, annually, under two millions sterling; without cal
culating the loss of the superior trade which might be carried
on with the Northern nations. It is equally clear, that the
colonists themselves lose more than they can possibly gain by
it. They lose by their commercial connexion with England,
a free and unlimited intercourse with the rest of the world; ami
they especially lose the most beneficial of all intercourse to
them, that with their immediaie neighbors, which is at present,
for the most part, carried on by stealth, as if the most advanta
geous and legitimate of international relations were a public
crime.
A NoBLE Frenchman.—During the retreat of the Pat
riots, after the battle of Windsor, on the 4th Dec., a soldier
had, in some way, got separated from his compant, and, being
hotly pursued by the British troops, took refuge in the humble
dwelling of a Frenchman, w hich happened to, be at hand. It
was early in the morning ; the Frenchman had risen, but bis
wife had not. The soldier hastily asked,
“ Are you a Patriot ?”
“Oui Monsieur!” said the Frenchman; “you Patriot,
too ? ”
“ Yes.”
The whole-souled Frenchman in a tw inkling clapped a wo
man’s night-cap on the soldier's head, and hurried him into
lied wilh his tcife, who in the same room. The clothes
were scarcely adjusted, ere the British entered in pursuit ; but
seeing only two women in bed, and the Frenchman up, they
asked for the rebel they had seen enter a moment before. The
Frenchman pointed to the bush, through the back door, and
away they went pell mell in chase of the rebel, who, by the aid
of his noble host and a canoe, was soon in safety on American
soil.— Detroit Post.
Female Equestrianism.—The example of Queen Vic
toria, as appears by letter of the 19th nit. from Odessa, has ex
cited a passion for horsemanship in the ladies of Lesser Russia
to an extraordinary degree. The writer affirms that there is
not a lady in the whole province, with any pretensions to fash
ion, who in imitation of her Majesty, has not at least one sad
dle horse, that some keep as many as six. He adds, “at the
Kherson races ofthe 7th, all the horses that ran, not only be
longed to the ladies, but were ridden by their fair owners,
dressed in fancy habits, and wearing caps a la Peine Victorie.
The number of horses entered was no less than 89, most of
them of native breeds, which were brought to the course attend
ed by numerous grooms in liveries, gaily decked with gold and
silver laee. The first grand prize, a silver cup, valued at
1,500 roubles (about 6,000 L) was won bv Foedora, a bright
hay mare, belonging to the beautiful Countess Nariiischin,
and ridden by herself; and the second prize, a pair
of silver candlesticks, worth GOO roubles (ibout 2,0C0f.) b
Botijan, an entire black horse, ridden by Mme. Netchajeu, a
native of Castellaccio, in Naples. In the evening Mme. Net
ehajeti gave a grand ball, auA oil tKi? follow ing day Cimnti ss
Naritscbin entertaiiie'j large a dejeuner dan
sanf.”
ANECDOTE.— A lady belonging to New England a h'w years
since was publishing a biography and in travelling throtigllrue
of the States collecting facts connected with the narrative,*
chanced to be seated at the table of a hotel, opposite one of the
Right Honorables fresh from England.
Honorable—Madam, will you please to tell me l.ow you
commence an American biography?
Lady—\\ hy, sir,-said the lady, coloring, just as you would
any other biography, I presume.
Hon.—Excuse me Aladam, but I take it not, all other biog
raphies commence with the genealogy of the hero, hut in Amer
ica, 1 am told even your aristocracy can’t often tell who their
grandfathers are.
Lad\ —They are still better off than your nobility.
lion.— How, madam?
Lady—Why, they can’t tell who their fathers were.
The Hon. attempted to stammer a reply, but the reiterated
peals of laughter prevented its being heard.— Providence Her
ald.
An Instrument.—lt is rumored that a member of the Anti-
Bell Ringing Society of Boston, is to be indicted for blow ing
his nose in bis own room. The city ordinance prohibits the
blowing of a horn or “any other instrument,” in the streets
“or elsewhere,” and an interesting discussion is expected to
arise on the point “whether the human nose is an instrument
or not.” [Balt. Trans.
Mr. Espy, the man who pretends that he can make it rain
w hen he pleases, says if the people do not patronise his project,
he will send them a snow storm in June and a thunder storm
in January. It will take even more than that to make them
believe he is half the great things he pretends to be withal.
A Mrs Leave! recently obtained a premium fit an agricul
tural fair in Kentucky, “for her husband appearing- in the best
full suit of homemade jeans.” If all women were to obtain a
premium for the tidy appearance of their husbands, there would
be some clatter among the cobwebs of the old chest of drawers,
or we are no prophets. [Boston Times.
Religion is a cheerful thing, so far from being alw’avs at
cuds with good humor, it is inseparably united to it. Notliing
unpleasant belongs to it, though the spiritual cooks have done
their unskilful part to give an ill relish to it. A wise epicure
would he religious for the sake of pleasure ; good sense is the
foundation of both, and he is a bungler who aimetli at true
luxury, but where they tire joined.
The Cincinnati News says wedlock is a great invention, and
that a host ol ladies will bear the editor out in the assertion.
Yes; hut then there are a host of old maids—each one of
w horn is a host in herself—who w ill declare that it is no inven
tion at all, but a device ofthe d—l. True, their opinions nitty
vary, should some rusty old bachelor make proposals. [Bost.
Times.
The Hon. Daniel Webster has been re-elected Senator in
Congress from the Slate of Massachusetts, for the term of six
tears from the 4th of March next.
V„
Departed this life, on the 31st idt. Mrs. Orme, consort of Richard M.
Orme, Esq., of this city; a lady justly endeared to this comiminity lyj
all those cnuobliug qualities wltich exalt the female character. j
SOGHEY CES7B BATES.
rEIIHE SPRING MEETING of 1839, overthe Milledgeville Course
.8. will commence on the first Tuesday, 2d day of April next, and
continuo five days.
Ist Day—A Sweepstake for 2 years old—mile heats—s2oo sub. h. ft.
—3 or more to make a race—to close Ist March—now 2 subs., viz—
Col. G. Edmonson,
T. V A.NLAX OISGHAM.
On the same day, a Sweepstake for 3 years old, out of Mares that
never won a race, nor produced a w inner. Mile iieats. SIOO sub.
h. It.—3 or more to make a race—to close Ist March.
2d Day—2 mile heats, free for all, purse S3OO.
3d Day—3 “ “ “ *ssoo.
•Ith Day— •• §7OO.
:>ili Day—A Sweepstake for 3 years old—2 mile h.-ats—for tho
YOl NG PLATE, valued at SI,OO0 —$250 sub. h. ft. Closed with fiv»
subs., viz.
Iverson & Bonner, I Lewis Lovell.
( <>l. G. Edmonson. I Col. William McCarco.
Kenan & Vanlandi.ngham.
IL F. YOUN'G &. Co, Proprietors. >
Feb. 5,1839. 2— if
Papers wl-jeh have pi b'islied the former notice will discontinue it,
and insert this till forbid.
KSaidwin Superior Court, December Adjourned
Term, 8 S3B.
WE. tho Grand Jurors, for the county of Baldwin, for the present
term, make the following Presentments:
We are of opinion that tho location of ihe Penitentiary in tho city of
Milledgeville, is unfriendly to the maintenance of good order, and is the
cause of an increase of had morals in the city. Wc, tlieiefore, beg leave
to present as a most grievous evil, the internal management of that in
stitution, the custom of suffeiing the convicts to make money for them
selves and providing a store-house for the sale of their numerous articlss
of manufacture. This indulgence is but affording to the convicts all
the advantages of freedom, and leads to frequent petitions for pardons,
and frustrates the great object which the institution was designed to
accomplish. We believe that the institution has the capacity to support
itself; but the great indulgence afforded to the convicts in
l lein to make money for themselves, is injurious ai d subversive of those’
ends. We would, therefore, recommend to our next representation iu
the Legislature, to use their best exertions to correct, as far ns may be,
those evils, by procuring a total alteration of the police of thePeuiteu
tiary, making the time of the sentence of the convicts and theii punish
ment certain and constant. Whilst a large part of the community have
always doubted whether the penitentiary form of punishment was the
best mode of protecting the good citizens from the had, in any Govern
ment, there can he no reason why the beltet part of the commnuity
should he taxed to support the vicious—who certainly may be made le
support themselves by a proper and judicious'management.
We would also notice the present operations of the Augusta Banks;
■ we feul confident they have not met the views and expectations of the
citizens generally, in affording an efficient currency, and in facilitating
commerce; and we further believe their present system of shaving eaeh
other and the Banks of the interior, can only result in embarrassineat
and pecuniary distress to the citizens at large.
We further present the great neglect of the public highways, an 4
more particularly those roads leading from the city through tiie com
mons; we recommend to tho Inferior Court, to use their inilueucu with
the City Council to have those roads put in good order.
We present as an evil the large amount annually allowed to the Tax
Collector for his insolvent list, and recommend that a law be passed
i by the Legislature, making it the duty of the Tax Collector in each
' county, to attend the general elections, and prevent persons from voting
I who have not paid their taxes.
We have examined the Books of the Clerks of the Superior, Inferior
Court, and Court of Ordinary, and find them neatly and coriectlv kept.
We have examined the Tax Collector’s book, and allow him SG9 06
as the amount of his insolvent list. *
We have also examine I the Book of the County Treasurer and com
pared his vouchers with the amount paid out hy him, and find it correct;
the balance in his hands at this time being only ten cents. We see no
reason why the Justices of tb.e Inferior Court should otder the money
coming to the county not to be paid to the Treasurer, but subject t»
their order.—See Dawson’s Compilation page 132
Upon examination, we believe the Jail insecure and needs repair, and
recommend tho Inferior Court to have it done; wc also recommend
that the Debtors’ room be furnished with a stove, there being no fire
place in it. We are pleased to find the Jailor has discharged his duty
faithfully.
Wc recommend to the Inferior Court, to cause the bridge across Town
creek to be rebuilt, where the river toad crosses said creek, as soon as
the funds of the county will authorize it.
In closing the present service, we would tender onr approbation t«
his i lonor Judge I fill, and the Solicitor General, for their general urbaa
ity of manner in the performance of their public duties.
The Bar of this Circuit unite with us in a request that your Honor
furnish a copy of the charge delivered to the Grand Jury at the com
mencement of his term, for publication.
Wc also request that onr presentments be published in the Southern
Recorder and Standard of Union.
THOMAS RAGLAND, Foreman.
C. J.Paine, Thomas Turk,
S. Bivins, Bartley McCrary,
John 11. Osborne, Wms. Rutherford,
William Jolley, Fielding Lewis,
Joel T. Tucker. Benj. L. Lester,
Win. C. Powell, Peter Fair,
B. S. Jordan, James T. Lane,
James Bonner, Waller S. Jenkins,
Elisha King, John B. Dyr-r.
We, the undersigned, beg leave to dissent from so much of the Pre
sentments as relates to the influence of the Penitentiary upon the city
of Milledgeville, believing its deleterious effects would be felt under iu
present police in any community where it might be located, and that
it is only necessary to have it properly regulalei. by law, to remedy the
evils complained of. W. C. POWELL,
PETER FAJR.
On motion of N. G. Foster, Solicitor Genera!, it is ordered, that thu
Presentments be published in conformity to the request of the Grand
J ury.
z\ true extract from the minutes of Baldwin Snperiot Court, Decem
ber .Adjourned Term, 1838.
WM. S. MITCHELL, Clerk.
GEORGIA, Pulaski County.
§/IOL'R months after date, application will be made to the Honora
hie tite Inferior Court ofsaid county, when sitting as a Court of
'Ordinary, for leave to sell the real estate of WILLIAM BAIIIIOW,
late of Pulaski countv, deceased.
MATTHIAS McCOPxMICK, AdmT.
February 5, 1339. 2— lm
GEORGIA, Pulaski County.
SjlOU’R months after date, application will be made to the Honora
ble the Inferior Court of said county, when sitting as a Court of
Ordinary, for leave to sell the real estate belonging to the heirs of Jona
than Parker. MATTHIAS McCOKMICK, Guardian.
February 5, 1839. 2—4 tn
Ploridsa
IS FLORIDA SEGARS just received mid for
sale by TARDY & EASTER.
Milledgeville, Feb. 5, 1839. 2 ~tis
For Sale.
nS (fTIa ACRES of Land, more or less, well improved, with
xF two good Saw Mills and one Grist Mill; four hundred
acies of said Land well adapted for the growth of corn, cotton., and
sn ail grain; the above has a good two story dwelling and necessary
out buildings for a House of Entertainment. It is on the stage road,
and the half way house between Milledgeville and Sparta.
Also, Twelve or fifteen likely negroes can he had with the abort de
scribed property on tetisonable and accommodating terms.
Application to be made to NICHOLS & DEMING, at Milledge
ville, or the subscriber at Robert McCombs, or at his mills.
The Timber is good and inexhaustible, of long and yellow pine,
maple, poplar, &e.
Persons desirous of a great bargain would do well to call and ex«u»-
itte fur themselves.
PRYOR WRIGHT.
January 25th, 1839. 1 ts
Illi SON’S- 81 OTFL,
a IS now opened for the reception of Boarders and Travel
lers. at the Tavern formerly occupied by Mrs. N. J. God
win as the Globe Hotel. The House is admirably sitaoesd
in lite centre of the City, and well adapted for the conve
nience of visitors. It has been thoroughly repaired mid refitted, aad
rendered as commodious mid comfortable ns possible. The Table is
well supplied with the best the country affords, and the Bar is futnidied
with choice liqnots, and other necessaries; the Stable well prepared,
mid in tho care of an experienced Ostler. No pains will be spared t®
render all who call comfortable, mid well accommodated.
The Macon Telegraph and Macon Messenger, the Sentinel, a»4
Enquirer al Columbus. Augusta Constitutionalist. Athens Whig, sad
Washinelon News, will insert the above 3 times, mid fotward ihtir ac
count to C. IL DUSON.
Ali7/edgei’t7f<!. January 22, 1839. 52— Bt.
IfiaaSticsaisiSs.
Subscriber will de’ivcr in this city during the present wi»»or
ra. any number of those trees not exceeding 250,060. Persons wish
ing to supply themselves, will do well to call at once mid wave their or
ders for such number as they may xvant. \\ . C. POW LLL.
Milledgeville, Dec. 13, 1838. 47—ts
HEATH & QUICHLEY,
ATTOHNIES AT LAIE,
HAVING formed a co-partnership, will practice in tho several Corts
ofthe Not them Circuit, to wit: Wilkes, Warren, Hancock, Tal
iaferro. Oglethorpe. Madison, Elbert, and Lincoln counties, mid Colum
bia comity of the Middle Circuit. Their oilicc is in Washington, Wtlkea
comity, Georgia.
Tiie Augusta Chronicle and Standard of I nion. Milledgeville,
will insert the above weekly, for two months, add fol wmd their accounts
to thisoliice.— Washington. News. January 8, I 2ta