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Old Series—Vol. 25, ISTo. 122.
THE CONSTITUTIONALIST.
Jas. G. Bailie, Francis Cogin, Geo. T. Jackson,
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H. C. STEVENSON, Manager,
Augusta, Oa.
The introduction of the Bible iuto
Turkey, by permission of the Govern
ment, is one proof, among many, that
the world moves.
—m +
The cotton mill difficulties in New
Eugland are not over. A great strike
is imminent, followed by a lock-out.
Meanwhile some of the working people
prepare to take a holiday for a month
and await events.
While mauy portions of the South
are suffering from drouth, large areas
of the West are damaged by excessive
rains and consequent inundations.
Never was a crop prospect of such sin
gular promise so swiftly blighted.
It is a pity that Messieurs Roche
fort and Df. Cassagnac could not agree
to terms and fight out their grievances.
Both of them are persistent agitators
aud of little benefit to civilization.
From the correspondence between their
seconds, they seem to have been guided
by the old negro’s logic, believing that
though the world might not miss them,
if killed, they would miss themselves.
Every good ex-Confederate will hear
with sorrow of the death of the gallant
Gen. George E. Pickett. His career
during the war between the States was
of the most conspisuous character. He
was among the bravest of the brave:
and the wonderful charge of his divis
ion of Virginians—aud the compositor
was among tho number—upon the
heights of Gettysburg was one of those
deeds of valor which will live in history
with the most desperate achievements
of human enterprise. Peace to his
soul!
— —i ■
Andrew Johnson is no more. He
was a distinguished example of how a
man in the humblest walks of life, and
without the cultivation of the schools,
but of great natural powers of mind,
can rise to the highest places of power
in the gift of a people. He was the
most formidable enemy the South had
to encounter in 1860, as he arrayed the
Border States, to a considerable de
gree, against us. After the war,
by bis disfranchisement of men of
wealth, and experiments in Recon
struction, he dealt this section some
deadly blows. The phrase “treason
must be made odious and traitors pun
ished,” originated with him, and the
death of Mrs. Surratt will throw a
dark cloud on bis memory. His sub
sequent efforts to befriend the South
and roll back the tide of Radical op
pression mitigated, in some measure,
his fatal errors of policy. He had in
him many of tho elements of a dema
gogue, but was a powerful orator and
intrepid politician. Before the war,
when Senator, he was described as a
“sans culotte of ability who hated
everybody who wore a clean shirt.”
Many of his repulsive characteristics
arose no doubt from defects of nature,
early hardships and a bitter combat
with the world. But, in spite of these
blemishes, he was one of the most no
ted figures in our history, and, we sin
cerely hope that, after a stormy
career, he has reached a haven of eter
nal repose. The death of Mr. Johnson
leaves no ex-President living.
FROM COVINGTON.
On to Portsmouth—Methodist Confer
ence-Weather and Crops.
[Special to the Cc nstitutionalist.l
Covington, Ga., July 31, 1875.
A meeting of Company H, Third
Georgia regiment, was held here to
day. About twenty-five members sig
nified their intention to go to Ports
mouth, Va. t to attend the reunion of
the regiment at that place. They will
leave here Sunday night.
The Atlanta district Conference of
tho Methodist Church has been in ses
sion here since Thursday, Bishop
Wightman presiding. A large number
of delegates are in attendance and
much interest is manifested.
The weather still continues dry and
hot, though there have been rains
around the country. Star.
THE NIGHT SIDE OF NATURE.
Deatli in a Vault —Destruction of
Western Crops—Railway Accidents —
Terrors of the Mines.
St. Louis, July 31.—A man was
drowned in a privy vault. Three per
sons attempting to rescue the body
were overdo me and died before being
rescued.
Indianapolis, July 31.—Dispatches
from eighty counties of Indiana and
twenty-five counties of Eastern Illinois
are discouraging. Wheat is sprouting in
stock. It is raining steadily. The
streams are already bank full, aud will
be beyond control to-day.
Little Rock, July 29.—There was a
heavy rain along Iron Mountain road.
No cars arrived yesterday.
Louisville, July 31.—The condition
of the crops is alarmiug. There has
been a daily rain for six weeks. Wheat,
oats, rye, barley and hay are injured
fifty per cent, in quantity and quality.
The tobacco crop is greatly injured.
San Francisco, July 31.—A cave-in in
the Eureka Consolidated Mine killed
five persons.
DEATH OF ANDREW JOHNSON.
Bristol, Tenn., July 31.—Ex-Presi
dent Andrew Johnson died this morn
ing at his daughter’s residence in Car
ter county, at 2 o’clock. He was at
tacked Wednesday evening at 4 o’clock
with paralysis, and did not speak after
he was attacked.
Particulars of His Last Hours—Pre
parations for the Funeral—General
Sympathy Expressed for His Fam
ily.
Cincinnati, July 31. —The Gazette's
Greenville special says : This morning,
at about 2 o’clock ex-President Andrew
Johnson died, at the residence of his
daughter, Mrs. W. R. Brown, formerly
Mrs. Col. Stover, in Carter county,
from a paralytic stroke. He had been
in rather bad health since the adjourn
ment of the last session of Congress,
but nothing serious was anticipated.
On Wednesday morning he left on
the train for Carter’s station and from
thence he went on horseback to his
daughter’s residence, about 7 miles,
riding in the hot sun. Arriving there
he felt very fatigued, and the same
afternoon, about 4 o’clock, his right
side was paralyzed, rendering him
speechless. His wife was with him at
the time. His son Frank and his
daughter, Mrs. Patterson, were at once
sent for and left Greenville on Thurs
day. Ou Thursday about noon he be
came conscious and had a partial use
of his side again, but it was evident
that the great Commoner could not
live long, and thus surrounded by his
entire family and neighboring friend3,
he yielded up the ghost about 2 o’clock
this morning.
The excitement here and at Knox
ville is intense. It is expected that a
large delegation will airive from Knox
ville to attend the funeral. A public
meeting is in session at tho court
house, which will make arrangements
to receive visitors from abroad. The
funeral will take place at Greenville on
Tuesday, August 3d. Several Masonic
lodges, military companies and civil as
sociations from adjoining towns will
join with the citizens in paying a last
tribute to his remains. The body will
arrive here to-morrow. A great many
distinguished persons from all parts of
the United States are sending tele
grams to this place, stating their de
sire to be present at the last sad rites.
The family are greatly overcome with
their sad bereavement, in which they
have the sympathy of the whole com
munity.
Sketch of His Life.
Andrew Johnson, the Seventeenth Presi
dent of the United States, was born in
Raleigh, N. C., December 29tli, 1808. His
father, Jacob Johnson, whodied in 1812, was
City Constable, Sexton, and porter of tho
state Bank. Extreme poverty prevented
Andrew from receiving any schooling, and
at the age of ten he was apprenticed to a
Mr. Seibv, a tailor. A gentleman was in
the habit of visitiug the shop and reading
to the workm- n, generally from the
“American Speaker,” and Audrew became
intensely interested, especially in the ex
tracts from the speeches of Pitt and Fox.
He determined to iearn to read, and having
done this, he devoted all his ieasure hours
to the perusal of such books as he could
obtain. In the Summer of 1821. a
few months before his apprentice
ship had expired, he got into a little
trouble by throwing stones at an old
woman’s house, and ran away to avoid the
consequences. He went to Laurens Oouit
House, South Carolina, an ! obtained work
as a journeyman tailor, a id in May 1826, ho
returned to Raleigh. Mr. Selby had moved
into the country, and Johnson walked 2j
miles to see mim, apologized for his misde
meanor, and promised to pay him for the
unfulfilled portion of his apprenticeship.
Selby required security, which Johnson
could not furnish; and in September he
went to Tennessee, taking with him his
mother, who was dependant upon him for
support. He worked for a year at Green
ville, during which time he married, and,
after search for a more desirable home
further West, finally settled there.
Thus far liis education had been limited
to reading; but now, under his wife’s in
structions, he learned to write and cipher.
Taking an interest in local politics, he or
ganized in 1828 a working men’s party, to
oppose the so-called aristocratic element
which had always ruled the town. Consid
erable excitement ensued, and Johnson was
elected Alderman by a large majority, lie
was re-elected in each of the two following
years, and in 1839 was chosen Mayor, which
office he held three years. During a por
tion of this time he was prominent in a de
bating society formed by sjme young men
of the neighborhood aim students of Green
ville College. Uno of tiie students says
“On approaching the village, there stood
on the hill by the highway a solitary little
house, perhaps ten feet squaie. It con
tained a bed. two or three stools, and a
tailor’s platform. Here we delighted to
stop, because one lived here whom we
knew outside of the school, and made us
welcome; one who would amuse us by hi3
social good nature, taking more than ordi
nary interest in catering to our pleasure.”
In 1834 the County Court elected Johnson
a trustee of Rhea Academy, and in that
year he was also active in securing the
adoption of the new constitution of the
State. In tho summer of 1835 he offered
himself as candidate for a seat in the lower
house of the Legi-lature, and announced
that he was a Democrat. Meeting wi h a
cool reception from the leaders of the
party, he entered the canvass personally,
aud in his first speech made such a vigor
ous and well-sustained attack on tho polit
ical career of his Whig opponent that their
opposition soon ceased and he was elected.
The most important measure brought
before that Legislature was a bill which in
volved the State in a debt of §1,000,000 for a
vast scheme of internal improvements,
consisting principally of macadamized and
turnpike roads. Johnson strenuously op
opposed it, on the ground that no such debt
could be incurred until the question had
been submitted to the people, and predicted
that the scheme would only result in the
squandering of money without securing
the benefits it provided.
Tho bill became a law, and was so popu
lar that in 1837 Joh 'Son failed to be return
ed to his seat.
But before the expiration of the next two
the evils he had predicted had de
veloped'themselves; many of the works
were abandoned and some of the companies
had def auded the State. In 1839 he was
again elected. In the Presidential election
of 1810 he canvassed eastern 'Tennessee in
favor of Mr. Van Buren, and was a candi
date on the Democratic ticket for elector at
large.
In 1841 he was elected to the Stato Senate,
into which lie introduced a judicious mea
sure for internal improvements in the
eastern part of the State.
Ho was elected to Congress from the First
District of Tennessee in 1843, took his seat
in December of the same year and held it
by successive re-elections for ten years.
During this time he advocated the bill re
fundig the tax imposed on Gen. Jackson
at New Orleans, the annexation of Texas,
tho war with Mexico, the tariff of 1816, and
general retrenchments in the expenses of
the Government He sustained President
Pi,lk in his acceptance of the parallel of
49 dog. as a settlement of the Oregon boun
dary question, and was conspicuous in
urging the homes end law.
On August 2d, 1848, ho delivered an elabo
rate speech in favor of the veto power. In
1853 he was elected Governor of Tennes
see, over Gustavus 11. Henry, the Whig
eaudidate; and in 1855 he was re-elected
over Meridith P. Gentry, candidate of the
Whigs and “Know-Nothings.” The con
test was exciting, and violence and threats
of murder were frequent. At one meeting,
Johnson appeared with a pistol in his hand
and laid it on the desk, and said: “ Fellow
citizens, I have been informed that part of
the business to be transacted on this occa
sion is the assassination of the individual
who now has the honor of addressing you.
I beg respectfully to propose to you that
this be the first business in order. There
fore, if any man has come here for the
purpose indicated, 1 do not say to him, let
him speak, but let hitn shoot. After paus
ing for a moment with his hand on his pis
tol, he said : "Ge tlemen, it appears that I
have been misinformed. I will now pro
ceed to address you on the subject that
has called us together.” On December 7,
.AUGUSTA, GA.. SUNDAY MOUNTING, AUGUST 1, 1875.
1857, Mr. Johnson took his seat in the
United States Senate to which he had been
elected for a full term by tho Legislature
of Tennessee. Here, as in the Lower House,
he pereistently urged the passage of a bill
giving one hundred and sixty acres of the
public land to any citizen who would settle
upon and cultivate it in a certain number
of years, and lie was soon recognized as t he
advocate of that measure. The bill was
finally parsed by more than two-thirds of
the votes in each House,but President Buch
anan vetoed it and the vote was sustained.
In 1858 Johnson was one of the foremost
opponents to the bill introduced by Jef
ferson Davis to increase the standing'army
because of the troubles in Utah, ad offered
a substitute which authorized the raising
of 4,000 volunteers, to be dismissed when
the tr üble was over, which was modified
so as to authorize two regiments of eighteen
months men and passed. In 1859 he was
conspicuous in his efforts to secure the
passage of a bill to retrench the Govern
ment expenses, and in his opposition to the
Pacific Railroad, on the question of slavery
Johnson, as a Southern man and a Demo
crat, generally went with his party. He ac
cepted slavery as an existing institution
protected by the Constitution, but believed
that it would s >me day come to an end, and
held that it must be held subordinate to the
Union at any hazard. He opposed the com
promise measures of 1850, but finally voted
for them. In the Charles ton- Baltimore
Convention of 1860 he was the Presidential
candidate of the Tennessee delegation. In
tiie canvass which followed he supported
Breckinridge and Lane, the candidates of
the ultra Southern wing of his party. But
when the purposes of the leaders of that
wing became apparent and secession was
actually introduced lie to 'k ground against
them, and in a speech delivered in the Sen
ate, December 18th and 19th, set forth the in
justice and folly of the movement and
placed himself unreservedly on the side of
tiie Government The Legislature of Ten
nessee having voted the State out of the
Union, in spite of tiie tact that the people
had voted down the proposition for a con
vention on the subject, a reign of terror be
gan there, and Johnson, on returning home
in May, 1861, was in peril of his life. On
one occasion, a mob entered a railroad car
with the intention of lynching him, but lie
met them boldly, pistol in hand, and they
retired.
In nearly every city of the State he was
burned in effigy. He took a pro ninent
part in the East Tennessee Union Conven
tion of May 30, and on his arrival at Cin
cinnati (January 19), he received an ovation
from the loyal citizens. Un January. 31st,
1862, he spoke in favor of the expulsion of
Jesse D. Bright, of Indiana. In the Winters
of 1861-’2 large numbers of Unionists were
driven from their homes iri East Tennes
see, and sought refuge in Kentucky. Mr.
Johnson met them there, relieved the im
mediate wants of many from his own
purse and used his iuilueiice w.th the
government for the establishment of
Camp Dick Robinson, where these
refugees found shelter, food and cloth
ing, and were, to a large extent, or
ganized into companies and mustered into
tho national service, llis own wife and
child had been turned out of their homo
aud his nine slaves confiscated. On March
the 4th, 1862, President Lincoln nominated
Andrew Johnson to bo Military Governor of
Tennessee. The Senate confirmed the nom
ination, and on the 12i h of that month he
reached Nashville and assumed the duties
of the office. The insurgent State govern
ment had been moved to Memphis when
the capitol was occupied by national troops.
On March 18th Gov. Johnson issued a
proclamation which recited briefly the his
tory of the State, the means by wnich it
had been placed in hostility to the Federal
Government, tiie real establishment of the
national authority and the abdication of
the Governor and dissolution of tiie Legis
lature ; announced his own appoint ments
a Military Governor, and his purpose to
fill the State aed county offices by appoint
ment until order could be restored; and de
clared that, “While it may become neces
sary in viudi mating the violated majesty of
the law and reasserting its imperial sway,
to punish intelligent and conscious treason
in high places, no merely retaliatory or
vindictive policy will be adopted.”
This proclamation attracted wi ’e atten
tion, because it. was looked upon as indi
ou-tin* the policy or lilt; I’woeral AliminiS
tion; but it produced little effect on the se
cession element in Tennessee.
He next addressed a letter to the M ayor
and Council of Nashville, urging them to
take the oath of allegiance. They refused,
aud he immediately declared their offices
vacant and appointed other citizens to fiil
them temporarily. Two months later, to
protect Unionists from outrage at the
hands of roving bands or Secessionists, lie
Issued a proclamation, of which the follow
ing is the essential p >i tion:
“In every instance in which a Union man
is arrested and maltreated by the maraud
ing bands aforesaid, five or more reb Is,
from the most prominent in the i nmediat •
neighboi hood, shall be arrested, imprisoned
and otherwise dealt with, as the nature of
the cas ' may require; and further, in all
cases where the property of citizens loyal
t > the Government of the United States is
taken or destroyed, full and ample re hu
neration shall be made to them out of the
property' of such rebels in the vicinity as
have sympathized with and given aid, com
fort, information orencouragem nt to par
ties committing such depredations.”
'Three days after issuing this proclama
tion headdressed a Union meeting at Nash
ville in a three hours’ speech, which was
most enthusiastically received.
Here the tide of affairs seemed to turn
and similar meetings in various parts of
the State greatly strengthened the Union
cau-e. But Tennessee was still overrun by
guerrilla’s and Johnson still persued his
task amid continual personal peril, lie
showed courage and ability in maintaining
order in Nashville while it was threatened
by Gen. Bragg and prevented the evacua
tion or surrender of the place, in providing
for Union re’ugees and in raising .troops
for the Government. Un December Bth,
1862, he issued a proclamation ordering an
election to fill vacancies in the 3ith Con
gress, and on the 15th an order levying
live montnly assessments on certain citi
zens of Nashville, “in behalf of many help
less widows, wives and children in the city
of Nashville who have been reduced to
poverty and wretchedness in consequence of
their husbands, sons, and fathers having
been forced into tiie armies of this un
wlioly and nefarious rebellion.” On Feb
ruary' 20th, 1863, he issued a proclamation
warning all persons who occupied property
belonging to “traitors” n t to pay the
rents until a person should be appointed to
receive them in the name of the United
States. In a speech at Columbus, Ohio,
March 3d, he expressed his belief
that slavery would bo extinguished by
the war, but declared that the Emaucina
tion Proclamation would not at all affect
the question. Ou tho first Saturday in
March, 1864, by his order, elections were
held for State and county officers, and the
usual machinery of civil government was
once more set in motion. On June 7tfi,
1864, the Republican Convention at Balti
more having nominated Mr. Lincoln for
the Presidency, nominated Andrew John
son for the Vice Presidency. He accepted
the nomination in a long letter, in which he
set forth fully his views on the questions
at issue. On September Both, he issued a
proclamation ordering an election in Ten
nessee for Presidential Electors, and pre
scribing a rigid test oath as tiie condition
of suffrage. On his inauguration as Vice
President, March 4th, 1865 Johnson deliv
ered an incoherent address winch was se
verely censured. President Lincoln was
assassinated on tho evening of April 14th,
and did the next morning. The members
of the Cabinet, excepting Mr. Seward, at
once addressed a note to Mr, Johnson an
nouncing the fact, and urging his immedi
ate qualification as President. Accordingly
at ten o’clock ho took the oath of office in
tho presence of the Chief Justice, a portion
of Ihe Cabinet, and several Congressmen,
at his room in a hotel. Oil April 17th, he
made a speech, in which lie said :
“The American people must bo taught if
they do not already feel that treason is a
crime and must no punished; that the
Government will not alway bear with its
enemies; tiiat it is strong not only to pro
tect, but to punish, and our peaceful trea
son has been almost unknown. The people
must understand that it is the blackest of
crimes, and will be severely punished.”
Though ii the same speech he said: “In
regard to my future course 1 will now
make no professions, no pledges.” Yet tho
whole country' looked upon these expres
sions as foreshadowing a severe policy in
dealing with the Secessionist. But it eoou
became evident that this expectation was to
be disappointed, and the result was the
aleniation from President Johnson of al
most the entire body of the party that had
elected him. On May Ist be appointed a
military commission for the trial of those
immediately concerned in the assassination
conspiracy, and offered SIOO,OOO for the ar
i est of Jefferson Davis auc smaller amounts
for several others, on the ground that they
had aided and incited that conspiracy. On
May the 9th anew set of rules,
regulating trade with the Southern
States, was promulgated, and ou June
24th all restrictions were removed
and an order for the restoration of Virginia
to her relations with the Federal Govern
ment was issued May 9, and on May 29 the
two proclamations were promulgated; one
establishing a provisional government in
South Carolina, the other granting a gen
eral amnesty, on condition of their taking
an oath of "allegiance, to all persons en
gaged in the “rebellion,” with the exception
of fourteen specified classes. Persons in
cluded in any of which might obtain pardon
by a special application to the President.
The appointment of provisional govern
ments for the other insurgent States fol
lowed at brief intervals. On the assem
bling of Congress in December a deter
mined opposition on the part of the ma
jority to the reconstruction policy of the
President was at once developed. The point
at issue was whether the seceding States
should be at once admitted to represen ta
tiou in i ongress and resume all the rights
they enjoyed before the civil war, without
further guarantees of good faith than tiie
surrender of their arms and with no pro
vision of protecting the emancipated blades
in the enjoyment of their freedom and
securing them the full rights of citizen
ship. a joint committee of fifteen was ap
pointed, to which were referred all ques
tions concerning the recognition of
these States and the credentials of
all persons sent tom them as Sena
tors or Representatives were • laid on
the table to await the action ,of that
committee. Congress passed an act known
as the “Civil Rights bill,” aud another for
the extention of the Freedman’s Bureau,
both of which the President vetoed, and
the bills were then reconsidered and passed
over the veto. In a speech delivered before
tiie Wnite House, February' 22, 1866, the
President characterized the position as
sumed by Congress as anew rebellion, and
thereafter, in messages and speeches, he
maintained open hostility to the majority
of that body. In June, 1866, a call
was issued for a convention to be held
at Philadelphia on August J4tli, of
delegates from every State and 'Terri
tory. It’s specific object was not defined
but it was understood to be the foundation
of anew party on the basis of President
Johnson’s reconsti action policy. It faded
of any practical effect, though some lead
ing members of the dominant party attend
ed or approved of it The members of
President Lincoln's Cabinet had remained
in office, but in July the Postmaster Gen
eral, Mr. Denison, the Attorney General,
Mr. Speed, and the Secretary of the Inte
rior. Mr. Hailan, lesigned their offices be
cause of their differen e with tho President,
and their places were filled by A. VV. Ran
dall, Henry Stanbery, and H. Browning,
respectively.
On August 28tli President Johnson, ac
companied by' Secretaries Seward, Welles
and Randall, Gen. Grant, Admiral Farra
gut and others, left Washington for Chica
go to be present at the laying of the corner
stone of a monument to Stephen A. Dong
las. They went by way of Philadelphia,
New York and Albany, aud at every im
portant place the President addressed the
assembled crowd, entering fully into a dis
cussion of his policy and often denouncing
the actions of Congress. An expression
which he frequently repeated in these
speeches gave rise to the popular quo
tation, “i- winging round the circle.”—
The effect of this conduct upon
himself was disastrous, and tiie Autumn
election indicated popular appioval of the
position maintained by Congr ss. In June
that body had resolved that no State should
be readmitted until it had ratified the pro
posed 14th amendment to the Constitution,
which made all persons born or naturalized
in the United States citizens thereof, and of
tho State wherein they resided; and in the
session of 1886-’7 it passed acts requiring
the elective franchise to be granted, with
out distinction of color, in tiie Territories
before they should be admitted as States,
and similarly extending the franchise in
tiie District of Columbia,
All these measures met the determined
opposition of President Johnson; jbut his
vetoes were regularly overridden by the
constitutional majority in Congress. His
argument against such measures was that
tiiey initiated an untried experiment for a
people who have said with one voice “t iat
it is not for their good ” ana mat they wore
unconsti t ottowiri on March 2u, 1867, Con
gress passed over Die President’s veto an
act dividing ten of the seceding States into
five military districts, in making the civil
government therein subject to the author
ity of the United States, exercised
through military commanders. After
appointing the commanders, Mr. John
son requested tiie opinion of Mr.
Stanbury, the Attorney General, as to
the legal question arising from the Recon
struction Acts, aud this opinion, atter be
ing considered in tho Cabinet, where Mr.
Stanton alone objected to these portions
calculated to nullify the law, was issued to
the District Commanders as an order.
Gen. Sheridan, com manding the Fifth Dis
trict, soon after reported to General Grant,
Commander-in Chief, that the result of Mr.
Stanbery’s opinion ■ beginning to show it
self by defiant opposition to acts of the
Military Commander by impeding and
rendering helpless the civil officers acting
under his appointment.” In July Con
gress passed an act decl tring the
meaning of the previous act, and making
tiie conduct of tho military commanders,
subject only to the approval of the General
of the Army. This was vetoed aud passed
over the veto. 'The only resource left to
the President was to change the military
commander, which he did before the end of
the year. On August 12th, 1867, the Presi
dent notified to Mr. Stanton his suspension
from office as Secretary of War, and tiie
appointment of General Grant ad irterim.
Mr. Stanton turned over the office to tiie
latter, submitting, “under protest, to supe
rior force,” but denying the right of the
President to remove him. This de
nial was based on the tenure of
office act, (passed March 2d, 1867,)
which, provided no such removal should
be made without the consent of the Sen
ate, and tiiat appointments to vacancies
occurring during the recess of Congress
should be subject to the app oval of the
Senate at its next session. On August 20th,
the President issued a proclamation de
claring that peace, order and civil authori
ty existed once mo.e throughout the
United States, and ou September 27th he
proclaimed an amnesty which relieved
nearly all the whito inhabitants of the
Southern States from any liability to con
fiscation of property and restore to them
the right of suffrage.
When Congress assembled in September
the Pi esident sent to the Senate a statement
of his reason for the removal of Mr. Stan
ton.but that body refused to sanction tiie re
moval and Gen. Grant i nmediately re
signed the office into Mr. Stanton’s hands.
Ou February 21st, 1868, Mr. Stanton was
again informed of his removal, and of the
appointment of Gen. George Tiiomas as
Secretary of War ad interim.
When the Senate was officially informed
of this action it passed a resolution declar
ing that the President had no power to re
move the Secretary of War and designate
any other person to perform the duties of
the office.
Mr. Stanton therefore refused to vacate
this office. On the f dlowirig day the House
of Represen atives passed a resolution tiiat
the President be impeached for high
crimes and misdemeanors—yeas 126, nays
47. noL voting 17. Ihe articles of impeach
ment were agreed to by tho House on
March 3d, and presented to the Senate on
tiie sth. The specifications were based on
the President’s removal of Mr. Stanton, his
expressing in publics speeches of contempt
for Congress, declaring the 39th not a Con
stitutional Congress, and his hinderanee of
some of its acts. The trial began on
March 23, the President, appearing by coun
cil. In his defense he asserted that his Re
eons! ruciion policy was in pursuance of a
course which had been marked out and de
termined upon by President Lincoln and
ids Cabinet; and that Mr. Stanton, himself,
had expressed his emphatic opinion of the
unconstitutianality of tiie Tenure-of Office
Act, when its veto was under consideration.
On May 16 the Senate voted upon the article
in reference to contempt of Congress and
hinderanee of execution of its acts, and
ou the 26th upon tiiat in reference
to the removal of Mr. Stanton
In each case the vote stood—guilty, 35; not
guilty, 19—so the President was formally
acquitted, as a two-thirds vote is required
to convict. Mr. Stanton therefore resigned
his office and was succeeded by Gen. Scho
field. At the Democratic National Conven
tion, held in New York. July 4th, 1868, Mr.
Johnson’s name wa,‘- presented as a candi
date for the Presidency, and on the first
ballot lie received 65 votes, leading all oth
er candidates, except Geo. H. Pendleton,
who received 105. On the successive ballots
he lost rapidly, until on the 19th he
received no votes. On July 4th, Pres
ident Johnson issued a proclamation of
pardon to all persons except those under
presentment or indictment before a United
Statescourt; and on. December 25th a full
pardon to everybody who had participated
in the “rebellion.” On March 4th, 1869, he
was succeeded in the Presidential office by
U. S. Grant, and retired to his home in
Nashville, Tenn. In 1870 he was a candi- i
date before the Legislature of Tennessee I
I for a seat in the United States Senate, but
was defeated by two votes. In 1872 he was
I an independent candidate for Congress
i man at Large, and divided the Democratic
vote with the Confederate General B. F.
| Cheatham, which resulted in the election of
Horace Maynard, the Republican candi
date.
His last political struggle was in perfect
accord with his stormy life. It was his re
eiection to the United States Senate last
Fall. The Tennessee Legislature balloted
for something like a month, during which
the greatest excitement prevailed at the
State capital ever known over a similar
event, Mr. Johnson triumphed over Gen.
Bate, Gen. Cheatham and a score of others
He succeeded Brownlow, whose term of
office expired on the 4th of last March.—
The President called an extra session of
the Senate, to sit on the sth, when Mr. John
son appeared and was sworn in, serving
during the short period it remained in ses
sion.
Such was the career of one of the mnst
remarkable men of America. From the
tailor’s bench he rose to the first office in
the land. Whether on the slump or in the
forum, he always exhibited the highest
tra.ts of a remarkable man.
THURMAN.
Ilis Opening Speech in Ohio—An Inge
nious Defence of the Democratic
Platform.
Mansfield, 0., July 31. —Senator
Thurman addressed a Democratic
meeting here to-day. In the course of
his remarks he said ; “You, iny fellow-
Democrats, are what are called hard
money men, aud I am a hard-mouey
man—that is to say, we don’t believe in
an irredeemable paper currency. We
believe that such a currency must ne
cessarily fluctuate in value, lead to
speculation and extravagance and
benefit no one but money sha
vers and speculators. We be
lieve that our currency should
consist of gold and silver, and for con
venience paper convertible at par
into gold and silver at will of the hold
ers. Now it has been roundly asserted
that the platform of our late Conven
tion means just the opposite of our
opinions; that it means au irredeema
ble paper currency now and forever,
and that consequently gold or silver or
paper convertible into gold and silver
shall never form a part of our circula
ting medium. But certainly no such
idea is expressed in the platform, nor
do I believe that it is or was entertain
ed by a majority ef those who approve
it. I know that there are men who
advocate the abandonment of gold
aud silver as money, who scout
the idea of redeemability of currency,
who assert that whatever the Govern
ment calls money is money and who
regard irredeemable greenbacks as the
best currency the world ever saw; but
I do not think that these men constitu
ted a majority of the late eouvention or
of its committee on resolutions. Had
such been the case their views would
have been expressed without ambiguity.
But you look iu vain in the platform for
a direct expression in favor of irredeem
ability or a direct assertion that gold
aud silver should be demonetized. It
advocates the substitution of green
backs for national bank notes, but
it nowhere says that greenbacks
should be irredeemable. On the
contrary, it contemplates that they
shall be brought to par with gold, and,
although we may not be quite able to
see now tnat can be done in tfie mode
proposed, its desirableness is most dis
tinctly and fully recognized. And
then, as to inflation, the platform does
not expressly demand more currency.
It denounces contraction, but does not
say in plain words, “give us inflation.”
What it does say is, that the volume
of currency be made and kept equal to
the wants of trade, and this is all. Now,
I suppose that there is not, and never
has been a man in any civilized coun
try who w'ould not say that the volume
of currency should be equal to the
wants of trade. The practical ques
tion is, have we tiiat volume now? And
upon this question the platform is
silent.
FROM NEW YORK.
The Thespians Lose Nothing by Dun
can, Sherman & Co.—More Fail
ures.
New York, July 31.—The reports cir
culated that several theatrical people
are heavy losers by the failure of Dun
can, Sherman & Cos., is without founda
tion in many instances, and letters have
been received from John T. Raymond,
John Brougham and Wm. Wheatley,
denying that they are losers.
Schmale & Froweilter, extensive
lager beer brewers at Marion, N. J.,
have failed for about $75,000.
C. C. Heller and H. S. Bogert, two
brokers, who went short of stocks on
Duncan, Sherman & Co.’s failure, and
failed to cover in time, were suspended
yesterday.
Beecher’s Salary to be liaised by a
Mortgage—Bessie Gets a Sop—Bind
ing on Tweed.
New York, July 31. —The Times says,
somewhat authoritatively, that Ply
mouth Church officials intend to raise
SBO,OOO of Beecher’s salary by mort
gage of the Bethel. A fund is being
raised for Bessie Turner by Plymouth
congregation.
Judge Barrett has refused a motion
to vacate the arrest or reduce the bail
iu the Tweed case.
Departure of the Papal Delegation.
Mgr. Roncetti, ab-legate, and his Secre
tary, Rev. Dr. Übaldi,of the Papal dele
gation, sailed for Europe to-day. They
were escorted down the bay by a
steamer containing members of the .
Catholic Clergy and Laity, and were
transferred to the ocean steamer at the
Narrows.
DEATH OF GEN. PICKETT.
Honors to His Memory.
Norfolk, July 31.—Gen. George E.
Pickett is dead after a brief illness,
aged 50. The remains of General Geo.
E. Pickett were, this evening, laid in a
vault till the Fall, when they will be
removed to Hollywood Cemetery, at
Richmond. The funeral was attended
by a large number of citizens of the
Masonic fraternity, members of the
City Council and military, consisting of
the Norfolk City Guard and the Nor
folk Light Artillery Blues.
Richmond, July 31.—The most pro
fouud sorrow and regret prevails in
this community in consequence of the
death of the gallant Virginia gentle
man and soldier, General George E.
Pickett, who died in Norfolk last night.
Arrangements are being made to hold
a memorial meeting, Monday evening,
of his comrades in the late war and
the public generally, to give expres
sions of feelings on the sad occasion.
The remains of General Pickett will be
temporarily deposited in a vault in
Norfolk. They will ultimately be
brought to Richmond for interment.
The announcement of the death of ex-
President Johnson also excites regret
aud sympathy.
FOREIGN DISPATCHES.
A WAR OF WORDS.
Rochefort Challenges De Cassagnac
—Both Parties Bilk on the Condi
tions—More Coffee than Pistols —Too
Much Blab and no Business.
London, July 31.—The Times reports
that Henri Rochefort, on the 10th in
stant, sent a challenge to Paul de Cas
sagnac, calling on him to come to Gen
eva immediately with his seconds. The
cause of the challenge is certain arti
cles in Le Pays in 1872. Cassagnac re
plied with an excessively abusive letter,
giving Rochefort choice of weapons and
appointing Prince Alexander De Wag
ram and Count Harrison his seconds.
W. M. Perrin and Ordinarie having
consented to act as Rochefort’s seconds,
have met those of M. de Cassagnac in
Paris to arrange the terms of the duel.
They claim that as their principal is the
insulted party he has not only choice of
weapons, but the right to deter
mine the distance. They then
demanded that the men should meet
witli pistols at a distance of live paces,
and shoot at the word of command. M.
de Cussagnac’s seconds said that this
was simply murder, for when tho arms
of the combatants were extended tiie
muzzles of their weapons would almost
touch. M. Rochefort’s representatives
refused to admit these objections.
They said their principal, considering
the importance of the case, had been
very particular about the conditions.
The friends of M. do Cassagnac then
proposed that the distance be 30 paces,
each combatant to be allowed to ad
vance five steps after the word is given,
the time of firing to be optional and
the shooting to continue until one of
the parties fall. M. Rochefort’s sec
onds declined this proposition, and tiie
matter rests there.
The Daily News has a dispatch stat
ing that a minute has been drawn up
and signed by the seconds of both par
ties declaring it impossible to settle the
conditions of the duel.
Financial Holiday in Eugland—Some
Consolation for American Tourists—
Conflagration in Russia.
Monday next is a bank holiday, and
the Stock Exchange iu Mincing Lane
will be closed. The cotton market, and
all other Liverpool markets will also be
closed. The Times, of this a. m., in its
financial article says it believes ar
rangements are iu contemplation which
will result iu the payment of Duncan,
Sherman & Co.’s circular notes in the
hands of travellers.
St. Petersburo, July 31. — A fire
broke out on Thursday in the town of
Briansk, in the Government of Oreband,
and raged until to-day, when it was ex
tinguished by rain. Two-thirds of the
place was destroyed. The inhabitants
became panic stricken during the con
flagration aud fled to the fields for
safety. Briansk comprised a popula
tion of 13,000 souls.
A Testimonial from Emperor William
—Deatli of a German Leader—The
Bible in Turkey—Destructive Fire at
Belfast.
Stuttgart, July 31.—The Emperor
William contributed the prize of honor
to be competeu toi at lue national
match.
Berlin, July 31. — Baron Von Sweit
zer, leader of the Social Democrats, is
dead.
Constantinople, July 31.—The Gov
ernment has authorized the circulation
of the Bible in Turkey.
Belfast, July 31. —The Bradvvood
weaving factory was burned. Loss,
$750,000. Seven hundred people are
ousted.
Punishing Socialists-French and Swiss
Items.
Sr. Petersburg, July 31. —Two stu
dents and two citizens who were
charged with being implicated in a
socialist movement have been con
victed aud sentenced to ten years im
prisonment each. Four other persons
who were convicted of the same of
fense were sent to prison for short
terms.
Versailles, July 31.—The National
Assembly to-day voted an appropria
tion of eighteen million francs for sup
plementary war expenses.
Berne, July 31. — Four of the striking
workmen on the St. Gothard tunnel
were killed and eight wounded when
the Swiss troops attacked the strikers
last Thursday. The men have resumed
work.
sporting"” sews
Cleveland and Saratoga Races.
Cleveland, July 31.—1n the free to
all race, Goldsmith Maid was first, Lula
second, American Girl third. Time—
-2:18%, 2:19%, 2:19%.
Saratoga, July 31. —The first race to
day was a free handicap for all ages
for a purse of SSOO, distance one mile;
nine started. Countess won by over a
length, Inspiration second, McDaniel’s
fillv third, Leander fourth. Time —
1:42%.
Mate won the two and one-eighth
mile race. Time—3:46%. Carriboo
won the hurdle race.
WADDY THOMPSON.
The J ury Fail to Agree.
Memphis, July 31. —The jury in the
Waddy Thompson case were unable to
agree—standing nine for conviction
and three for acquittal. Should they
fail to agree and be discharged, Thomp
son will have to lie in jail until the
next term of the court, as horse steal
ing, with which he stands charged, is a
capital offense.
— ■
FROM FALL RIVER.
Strike Among the Weavers—A Lock
Out Threatened.
Fall River, July 31.—A meeting of
spinners resolved to strike in three of
the mills. This proceeding will un
doubtedly cause a general lock-out. It
Is believed that the card-grinders and
weavers, at a meeting to-night, will
vote themselves thirty days’ vacation.
BOSTON.
Sale of the First Bale of Cotton.
Boston, July 31. — The first bale of cot
ton, of the crop of 1875-76, from Galves
ton, was sold here to-day for the bene
fit of the Aged Men’s Home. It brought
14 cents per pound.
The wife of a colored man in South
Carolina was much troubled by fleas
and attempted to burn under the house
with straw in order to destroy them.
Whether the pile of ashes, which is now
where the house was, is infested with
lively insects is not known.
Nothing cheers a man so much as to
sit on a cracker-box in the shade of a
grocery awning, and read an item
about the terrible scarcity of harvest
hands.
-New Series—Vol. 3. No. 172.
FROM WASHINGTON.
Tardy Precautions Against Yellow
Fever—An Example of Red Tape.
Washington, July 31.—Gen. Sheridan,
having telegraphed to Gen. Sherman
the report of Gen. Auger, showing that
there were fifty-four cases of yellow
fever at Barrancas on the evening of
the 26th inst., Gen. Sherman sent the
following reply from St. Louis :
Gen. P. H. Sheridan, Chicago Illinois:
The General of the Army directs me
to say that the commanding officer at
Barrancas should be authorized to re
move the whole or any part of his com
mand to the pine woods of Florida or
to any poiut the. Commanding General
of the Department of the Gulf may
approve, regardless of departmental
lines.
[Signed] Jno. M. Bacon.
Mourning for Johnson—Department
News—Yellow Fe5 r er Bulletins.
Washington, July 31.—A1l flags are
at half mast iu respect to Andrew
Johnson.
Bristow has gone to Kentucky for a
week. Second Assistant Secretary
Burnham is acting Secretary. Conant
still occupies tho chair of First Assist
ant Secretary.
The Postmaster General has been
notified by the postmaster at Fort
Concho that he had secured temporary
service between Fort Concho and El
Paso, at the rate of $66,000 per year.
The postmaster at Fort Concho is in
structed to stop temporary service at
that rate, as the department had per
fected arrangements at the rate of
$52,000 per year for two trips per week.
The department has determined to pay
only from $30,000 to $35,000, otherwise
it will stop the mail, and supply the
forts by the best means possible, Tem
porary service at $52,000 is allowed
only for a brief period.
The following dispatch was received
this afternoon by the Secretary of the
Navy from the navy-yard, Pensacola ;
July 31.
Hon. George M. Robeson, Secretary of
the Navy :
I am located at night near Niestra’s
brick yard, in direct communication by
wire with the Navy Y’ard and the De
partment. All that men can do to keep
the disease out wifi be done. We are
iu a good sanitary condition. The
picket guard is composed of volunteers
from the village, the fire department
aud citizens. They have fires of pine
logs kept burning during the night.
Tar and rosin barrels are burnt in the
yard and villages. No out-door sVork
is permitted. The marines are out on
the bayou. Let the work proceed. The
poor can’t get away. They must live.
Trust to me and I will be responsible
for the good order and faithfulness of
tho employes of the yard. We are
prepared for eveiy emergency. AU uu
acclimated persons have left. The sick
officers at Barrancas are improving. It
has been worse than a battlefield with
the poor fellows. They could not
strike back. Geo. H. Cooper,
Commodore.
STUDENT LIFE IN GERMANY.
TWO ADVERSE VOTES THAT LED
TO A SANGUINARY DUEL.
A Brutal Murder at Sunrise aud a
Torchlight Funeral Parade at Night.
[Heidelburg Correspondence of the St.
Louis Globe-Democrat.]
A week ago a brilliant young fellow
from Frankfort, Ilirschel by name,
having enjoyed the place and privilege
of “fox” for a year or more, was sent to
the Corps Court to be admitted to the
“Bursch.” His case was weighed sol
emnly by the combined presidents, and
two dissenting members were found in
the seven. These gentlemen, the pres
idents of the two aristocratic corps,
declared that Hirschel had not borne
himself bravely in the initial duels,and
that he was not worthy the companion
ship of braves like himself and his
comrades. The decision was commu
nicated to the young fellow, and the
result was an instantaneous challenge to
the two dissentients —a challenge which
was instantly accepted, the weapons
named pistols, the hour set, and the
preparations pushed promptly forward,
so that the affray came off the next
day. So serious an event of course
leaked out, and some efforts were made
to have the police interfere, as they re
fused to obey the college authorities.
It was useless. The corps rule the col
leges and the college towns, and there
was nothing for it but to trust to lack
of skill for a harmless encounter.
At 6 o’clock in the morning the party,
principals aud seconds, took carriages
and drove rapidly to the neighboring
hills. The trees were heavy with
desv, the groves wet as with rain, the
birds singing peacefully, and the yel
low sunlight breaking through the
branches as the murderous work was
begun. There were few spectators.
Short work was made of tho prelimi
naries, when the two enemies placed
themselves before each other. They
were mere boys. The responsible per
son, the leader of the Saxc-Banassin
corps, who had voted against the ad
mission of the other, was a fine speci
men of tho average noble-born Ger
man. Tall, rather more than usually
shapely, with the colors of his corps
over his shoulders and across his breast
to his left hip, he made a striking
picture. His challenger was slighter
of build and more comely, a boy of per
haps nineteen —neither of them over
twenty-one. The seconds made a last
effort to settle the affair amicably, even
when the two were standing ready for
the signal. The younger and the ag
grieved had shaken his head impati
ently. He declared life unbearable
under such a stigma as his enemy had
put upon him. He refused to live to
be obliged to meet a man peacefully
who had so grossly wronged him, and
in a perfect frenzy he demanded that
the work should go on. With some
misgivings the young fellows consent
ed, for they could see that it was
Simply Murder
to let a man in such a nervous state of
mind and body attempt to defend him
self against the cool and rather scorn
ful antagonist, who showed no symp
toms of undue agitation. The method
of duelling with pistols here is to load
one weapon only, and give both to the
combatants. Neither knows which he
has, of course, the loaded or the un
loaded pistol, the man receiving the
first choice to whom the lot falls. The
details ended at ten minutes past fi, the
words one, two were spoken, and two
reports were heard. The challenger had
drasvn the empty pistol, the work
of his antagonist’s ball being
plainly visible in the body of a
tree behind him. The lad had
proved his willinguess to stand fire,
and if the other had only the pre
sumption of his lack of bravery to
guide him iu voting against his ad
mission, this ought to convince him of
his mistake. But to the surprise of
everybody the young ruffian demanded
the thiee shots to which by the code
he was entitled. The seconds could
only demur, they could not refuse.
“You can’t escape now,” said the
murderer. “I don’t want to escape,
you cowardly slanderer,” responded
his victim, promptly. Another shot
hissed through the intervening space.
No harm was done, however, and
the seconds breathed freer. One
more, and the evil work might
yet end happily. Again the young
savage was pleaded with. He* was
reminded that it was he who was now
acting the coward. He responded with
that any man asserting it would have
to meet him after he had finished “that
fellow,” He demanded his third shot
and it was given. He raised the wea
pon deliberately, a beam of sunshine
glistened on the barrel; he lowered
the point, waited, raised it slowly, took
careful aim, and at the word “two”
fired. He had kept his promise; his
victim could trouble him no more.
The wretched boy lay on his back on
the soft, wet grass, blood pouring from
his body in streams. The ball had en
tered the stomach just below'the naval,
and death in a short time was inevita
ble.
The Murderer
calmly replaced his coat and gloves,
entered his carriage, and without a
glance at his victim drove back into
town. A policeman was on duty at the
“ earisher” the eastern gate of the town,
as the cortege returned. He wished
the procession “ well to do,” and so
the murdered man in one vehicle, and
the murderer in the other, drove down
the long main street of Heidelberg as
the busy stir of the day began in*the
quaint old town. Toward afternoon the
result was known, and an intense ex
citement resulted. The physician who
had been called in reported the last
last scene; the boy was dead. The
warden was attending to his accustom
ed pleasures, for, being a “noble
born,” this class of University youth
does very little study, wasting the time
maiuly in pleasure, private gambling,
and other excesses, carried on in iu
decorous discretion, as becoming the
aristocratic classes ! Common dissipa
tion would be out of place in superior
creatures of this breed. The friends or
the murdered boy were sent for after
he died ; but before, not even a notifi
cation, and as they drove from the
station to the body of their son, the
murderer, with an escort of four com
panions, passed them in high revel.
On the next day the morning print
of this city published a garbled ac
count of the tragedy. It isn’t policy,
you see, to offend the students. They
support the trade of the town. With
out them Heidelberg would relapse
into swift decline. However, if aoy
wrong had been done, it was to bo
righted. The dead body was to be
treated with unwonted honor. The
coffin was to be conducted to the depot
by all the corps in regalia. Herr Von
Manckel, the murderer, at the solicita
tion of his friends, graciously consented
to walk next the bier, in token of recon
ciliation.
A Spectacle.
When the funeral cortege passed
Haupstrom to the depot all
Heiueioerg, .su.uuu to au,ui)o people,
lined the windows and curbstones, with
heads uncovered and in respectfully
sympathetic attitudes, that not being
considered reflecting upon the univer
sity or the authorities. The spectacle
itself was unique. Elevated far above
the heads of the crowd, the coffin stood
upon a heaped pyramid of funeral fur
niture and college insignia. Immor
telles and grave blossoms of many
kinds covered the coffin, the catafalque
and the bearers. Flaring torches glar
ed smokily through the feeble dark
ness of an early June dusk. The town
lay buried in the black shadows of
the overtowering hills, the streets
in semi-blackness where the shades
lay thickest. Through the packed
thousands the cortege wound its
way slowly, the band playing the
dismalest sort of dirge. Behind the
hearse were a group of the dead boy’s
corps comrades. After these, groups
of all the other corps. But the most
remarkable spectacle of all was the
murderer in white knee-breeches, low
shoes with silver buckles, and sword,
with a plumed hat under his arm, and
a flaming torch in one hand, just br.ck
and next to the heaise, as though he
wished to assure himself that his vic
tim was finished, and that no delusion
had been practiced. Behind these were
the friends of the dead in carriages,
and behind these all Heidelberg solemn
ly falling into line as the cortege pass
ed. There w ere fully two miles of
torches, the student’s corps presenting
a very brilliant spectacle, their swords
and accoutrements flashing under the
flaring pine torches which they all car
ried. At the depot the body was put on
the train, and the parents were left alone
with the dead. The procession faced
about, tho band struck up a lively march
and the crowd falling into a quickstep,
accompanied the torches back to the
university building, where a character
istic ceremony was enacted. Grouping
themselves in a vast circle, the corps
struck up “ Gaudeamus,” and after the
glorious sounds had died away their
torches were flung whirling in the air,
the ceremony being significant of the
termination of the career of one of their
number.
I hear of steps being taken to bring
the murderer to justice. The penalty,
according to the college code is two
years’ detention in some semi-prison,
generally at large in some small town.
A member of the German Parliament
has set to work to frame a law making
duelling a capital offense in college
towns ; but since the law of the empire
recognizes a court of honor for affairs
of this sort, I don’t see how this is to
be brought about.
Pere Hyacinthe closes an article on
the “Church Question in Geneva,” in
the Independent, in this way : “The
Episcopacy of the present day is di
vided into three great fragments—that
of the Koman Catholic Church, the
Greek Catholic, and the Anglo-Ameri
can Episcopal Church. The Council of
the Vatican widened the breach that
separated these fragments into a gulf;
but the decrees of the Council will not
stand, and once again, as oft times of
old, God will bring light out of dark
ness, peace out of confusion, good out
of evil. Not only reform, but the visi
ble work of reunion is begun ; for I
look for happy results from the initia
tive taken by the three different
churches last year at Bonn, under tho
presidency of the greatest Catholic
theologian of the century—Dellinger.
I thus render honor to the science and
religion of Germany, while I deplore
her excessive political interference in
church affairs. The church of to day
is useless, cruelly divided, and we are
rushing on, I fear—at least in tho Old
World—to a catastrophe.”
A Niagra Falls belle writes home:
“It is horrid here —not a mau in the
place worth over 315,000,