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THE SUNNY SOUTH
t5he SUNNY SOUTH
Published Weekly by
Sunny South Publifhing Co
Busine/s Office
THE CONSTITUTION BUILDING
ATLANTA, GEORGIA
Subscription Terms:
To those who subscribe
Co 6>>e Sunny South only
Six Months, 25c 'F One Year, 50c
LESS THAN A PENNY A WEEK
Entered at the ponroftlce Atlanta, On.tflu lecond-claRf mall matter
starch 13, 1901
Sunny South Is the oldest weekly paper of Literature
Romance, Fadt and Fldtlon in the South It Is now re*
Stored to the original shape and will be published as for•
fnerly every week X& Founded In 1373 It grew until 1399, ;
when, as a monthly. Its form was changed as an expert" J
ment X? It now returns to Its original formation as a
weekly with renewed vigor and the Intention of eclips<
tng its most promising period in the past.
i interests will have a word to say before any inter-
i vention is authorized which will affect their op-
1 portunities. It will likewise be interesting to
j watch the outward development of these influences
) which, submerged though they be, are neverthe-
1 less among the most powerful. There is no doubt,
i too, that however desperate her financial condi-
j tion may grow and however strong the pressure
| exerted, Japan will not consent to an abrupt end-
; ing of hostilities until she is assured that she will
| not be despoiled of the advantages gained by her
| victorious arms, as she was ten years ago.
Incidentally, the cynic is furnished considerable
; ground for derisive comment, when we recall that
| not the countless lives being snuffed out and the
! thousand homes devastated furnish the motive for
i the present rumor of intervention, but the cold
blooded one of—money.
Finance Likely to Affect
Far Eastern War
RE we approaching the super-civil
ized era when commercial interests
will so dominate world councils as
to control the declaration and stop
page of war, at their pleasure. The
question is at least worth consider
ing in view of statements coming
from apparently authentic sources,
Unrest Preva
lent in Russia
USYIA is as civilized, pros-
peious and free as any na
tion need wish to be.”
That is the verdict of
many a foreigner who vis
its Rt. Petersburg- or Mos
cow for -.'he Hrst time with
letters o' introduction to
some of the well-to-do
natives. Tie is agreeably
surprised at their hospital
ity, which, in truth, is
generous and spontaneous:
with their knowledge or
foreign tongues, which Is often marvel
ously thorough: with their prodigality in
spendfhg money, and with their frankness
in criticising their government. So he
smiles at the absurd legend of a vam
pire bureaucracy; a down-trodden people,
a reign of terror, and an atmosphere of
suspicion. It is a tissue of inventions,
| thinks the visitor as he enjoys the good
j fare set. before him. and drinks to the
i perpetuation of things as they are. Hut
t the simple-minded foreigner resembles a
TTT . „ Belgian whom a. Russian once conducted
HE puckered human lips emitting the OVPr thP Npva in winter and wh0 fanciPd
staccato or the rhythmic purling h e was walking” over snow-covered Melds.
whistle are instruments for expres- j ^ ,lok,n * at * h « improvised streets, divided
. : « from each other by lines of spruce trees,
SlOn of moods to which relatively a t the lamps, the watchman's booths.
Or the workingmen with pickaxes and
sledge hammers, and the electric ti-om*
way cars plying to and fro every few
minutes, he could not realize that, be—
transfix neath the white, hard crust which boro
the weight of all these persons and
things, the broad river was swiftly flow
ing to the Finnish gulf. And it is even
more difficult for the foreigner who can
not speak the language to discern at nrst
any signs of unrest among tne people,
and still more any reasonable causes for
it in the government. But. none the less,
both exist, and are as real and tangible
as the rush of the cold current beneath
U
Along' the Highway
By FRANK L. STANTON
J
JULY 2, 1904
57te Busy World
AL
The Man Who Can
ways Whistle
little attention has been paid
the man with a quick ear for popu
lar or classic music, who can “catch
the melodies flying” anc
them in his memory to be trilled
out when he must furnish his own
audience, has within himself sources
of self-amusement and solace which
are lost to the individual whose
memory remains unresponsive to
musical poesy, or whose vocal or-
to the effect that the biggest finan-1 gans and gray matter are not in such accord that | the n<
:va’s icy crust.
IF LIFE BE A DREAM.
I.
This—when no star in the dim sky is
beaming:
If Life be a dream, it is well worth
the dreaming!
If thorns be a-plenty the way that
Life goes,
It still looks to God for the gift of a
rose!
Take heart in the trouble,
And stem the swift stream,
And if Life be a dream, dear,
We’ll dream out the dream!
II.
Though the road maybe rough, and
the night may be long,
We are here for the sorrow, as well
as the song!-—
For the toil and the tears,—but no
tear ever fell
But a rain 1)0w was in it that whis
pered: “All’s well!”
Take heart in the trouble! —
We’ll stem the swift stream!
Oh, if Life he a dream, dear.
We’ll dream out the dream!
THE LITTLE TIME.
I.
A little time for sighs, dear,—
A little time for song;
Sweet questions and replies, dear,
And then the Night—so long!
II.
Though Light this life’s adorning,^
How swift it is in flight!
We only say, “Good morning,”
And then, “Goodnight! Goodnight!”
Nowadays It is much easier than it used
to be to discern signs of the times and
the shadows of coming events. For peo
ple arc more outspoken than they were,
although of course even now they dare
not carry their hearts on their sleeves,
for daws to peck at. But their- who fear
to censure “damn with faint praise.”
"What do you Russians want with more
liberty than you have?” Inquired an
ciers in the world are behind a he can reproduce it at will. Music surpasses even
movement looking toward peace in j literature in supplying subjects fit for every men-
the Far East. The reasons given tal caprice. There are the lilting, rollicking airs
for such intervention are that “in- for the man who feels his spirits bubble within
terest rates are being affected and him and demand lively expression; when inelan-
the injurious influences e»f the war | choly grips your soul sore there are the thought-
are spreading beyond the combatants. They are ful, pensive tunes to chime in with your solitary
hurting the men who make and break kings. It is whims; if you are privately rehearsing a proposal j American senator, who rushed through
petting more and more difficult to finance large j to a beautiful woman, certain tones rise in se-j thc empire two years ago. ana tnen pud-
0 . T . , , , • , V i , , , , • . , fished a thick volume on The people and
enterprises. It is said that the war is not only quence to the memory to Unci absent-minded ut-i the country .. AVe want p rea thing spaca
embarrassing the projects of European capitalists,! terance at the lips; if selfish plots occupy your land tibow room.” was the reply he re
but that it is having a bad effect on railwav con - busy mind, the realm of “ordered sound” will pro- i ^ther f *Tuhough b n™tonger n babies ha we
struction and other industrial enterprises in the; vide thc sardonic accompaniment to your swiftly are stiii kept m swaddling clothes, and,
United States. Powerful corporations and indi-i moving mental machinery. It is a great, if some-1 i’ inin s for meat ami or
viduals are bringing their influence to bear to end; what intangible pleasure, too, to yield to the mys- |
hostilities. Those who understand the tremen- terious whim of the moment and lolling back in [official
dous power of the corporate and money interests the porch chair of a droning summer night, let! Ana wlult d -2 > ou suppose was the tneme
believe that they will eventually succeed in stop-1 ti e brain and larynx and lips conspire together toi olas x before and during the Crimean
ping the war." While these assertions may not be bring out from your soul the fragments of half-| war. we dared not speak or comment on
categorically and literally true, there is no dis- j forgotten songs with and without words. You will j c ' urrent topics ’ 1 took u v a -Russian news-
A NOTE BY THE WAYSIDE. .
j An old colored brother grot off a
I good deal of philosophy in this home
ly text:
“We larn dis lesson from de
Lightnin’: De reason it never strikes
twice in de same place fs kaze it
does its work so well while its at it,
dat dey ain’t no use at all in its goin’
back to do it over!”
a rhyming critic.
A certain author sent a new book
of his to a critic, accompanied by the
following lines:
“Just go ahead and read
Writ in these heartless da>s.
I’m certain, if you take a !oo ...
You’ll say some word ot pre
To the above the critic, with rnoI ’ N
candor than kindness, replied.
“I’ve read your book, with good d
sign,
And found there many matters,
But. ah! the binding is too t>n«
For me to tear to tatters.
A DIFFERENCE OF OPINION.
Referring to one of the' city po - ^
who was always praising the heautie
of farm loo, one of the rural singe.s
wrote:
“Your rhyme I scarcely understand,
Though to the heights you raise it.
It’s one thing for to plow the land
Another thing to praise it.
PROVERBS OF THE HIGHWAY.
There is never rain enough in the
world to drown all the roses. Thor,
is always one for Love to w
his breast.
Sometimes the world rolls so close
the great hereafter that one has an
uncomfortable feeling that his r
ment is scorching.
Some men are so good natured that
if they reached heaven, they d J 1
dancing if an angel happened to strike
up a lively tune.
Taking the world as we find it is
good philosophy, but trying to take it.
all is quite a different matter.
Trouble comes to some of us be
cause we spend more time in hoping
for the best than we do in working
for it.
Sorrow teaches great lessons, but
we’d all rather dance to the music of
Joy.
i Uncertainty continues I” pi <
F ar Eastern situation, although
cjstent rumors of the imminc:
decisive land battle still circulai
Japanese armies in south) r
are now pushing steaculj
outposts are constant!
fighting, but nothing import >
suited. ’ Viceroy Alexb fi - rr v
battle of the Port Arthur squad
the Japanese stops t)i
Meets joined battle, nothin*? h
learned by him as to th
Admiral Togo, reporting th.
the recent battle off Port Ar
that one Russian battle
arid three cruisers dam
General Kuropatkin has doci-h
back with his entire foro-
anes e have succeeded in turnin
Russian left flank and hold p<
west of Mukden and Liao-Yai •
~ i.r M ...
11 in th
the per
ce of :
- Bot;
; mchurl,
"d. Th
tged a
slan force, consisting of .
of infantry, two regiments <
sixteen guns, was defeat)
by the Tnkushan Japanese
forts within the inner entr
Arthur leave bee,, t
, SP . says an uneonfirm
Russi
sumrr
turely
Th
Tht
beer
Port
Japanese, says
rent in Tokio
t Delfin hf
ly and twenty-one m
, Russian battle ship Nav
mod at Kronstadt by the
ron Mania.
Most R.
’all Th
’anter!
epted
convent:
Dr R T Dov’rixor, !
church nf the I’nited States
rat Boston next October,
here express the belief that
the archbishop will result
lotions between the wester
the English church. Beside
bishop of Canterbury. Dr.
primate of the Church of
prelate of the Order of th.
also enjoys many other dist
tUL Mf
we are sus
tained on milk from an infant's feeding
I went yesterday to a meeting of
, who almost all think as I do.
counting' thc very real power of
making of war. It is reliably reported that Rus-j the
sia’s indebtedness, for instance, is so heavy that
the czar's advisers find difficulty in negotiating
sufficient loans to maintain the enormously expen
sive military and naval establishments of the
country. France is probabl}- the only sincere
. . . I paper this morning; it had been read and
finance m the j he surprised at the involuntary manner in which j censored, by ow rulers before n reached
ft,„ -.-t-i,--. ! me, and had it contained a line ot wnich
Wltn tne ouler ’ | any minister seriously disapproved it
each separate one bringing hack scenes hitter and would have been sent back to be altered.
r i. j , .• , , tr j r i r. "My books, foreign and Russian, are
sweet, visions of dear delight, dreams of lofty rcad ; revlae( i, and bowdlerized m like
ambition, of love hoped for or thwarted—a thou-: manner and reviews which we receive
, , ■’ ■ . , , ; from abroad have whole pages cut out,
sand and one varying emotions and phantasies, j whole columns blackened, before we are
called back from the'fading past bv the magic of i f I!owed to gpt them, i go to church to
. _ . . ——, . . . , . \ i • -. ° i hear a sermon, and I know that every
triend which Russia has m Europe, and it is said 1 the musical whistle. Almost invariably, too. the: word the priest utters has been submitted
that as the Russian fleets and armies lose ground I man who can whistle in bright or depressing, t ° th ® censor before he was allowed to
b i ■ . preach it. I read advertlsemets about
each day, the Parisian bankers become more and] times, is an optimist. He who goes about his'flats and cooks and coachmen; they, t
more chary of advancing the sums 'eagerly re-'tasks with averted face or glum expression, lips
quested by the Muscovite government. There is j tight sealed and soul seething with real or fan-
no doubt of Russia’s eventual ability and inten-; cied resentments, is an object for pity and truly
tion to pay, but the far-seeing Frenchmen fear fit for “treasons, strategems and spoils.”
that whatever the issue of the war, the finances of Don’t he led into the erroneous impression that
the empire will he so completely demoralized the whistling should be confined to rural lanes and
government will defer payment indefinitely. grass-carpeted forests. There it is natural, spon-
The Birth and Slow Evolu=
tion of “Old Glory
h;
been perused by ^he catos of the
p. I retire to ml Ijtudy In disgust
and take up the letters which the post
man' has bropght me from Germany,
Spain and the i’nited States, and I am
aware that they, too. have been read—
perhaps copied as well—by the cabinet
noir. And those are but a few- examples
of what we have to put up with.”
SPIES EVERYWHERE.
Thus Russians who know exactly wnere
In Japan the actual situation is probably a slight taneous, with a thousand inspiring influences and I the shoe pinches have a mo.
improvement over that of Russia. Without the
stupendous expenditures of the latter country and
with probably less corruption, the mikado has not
only been able to accumulate a considerable war
fund, but has also well preserved the national
credit. Tentative negotiations it is said have re
cently demonstrated the ability of the government
to secure sufficient fun
for some time to come,
tage enojyed by Japan
hankers and larger commercial houses of the is
land are understood to have, almost unanimously,
offered their aid to the government and the masses
of the people have evinced a willingness to empty
their private coffers into the national treasury,
should such a step become necessary to the con
tinuance of the war.
ost dismal talc
no untoward restraint. Import it into the busy I t0 tel1 of s p' ps wh ° cross their path in
, , , , , , . , , protean shapes, of eavesdropping in pri
town and cities, where , ' 1 u —’ - — 1 ~-~ u —' J 1
the wheels whir busily and
the office clock ticks its monotonous measuring
of the day’s task. Let it lighten the tedious round
of your labor and tuFsoine of the elements of
joy and abandon i/uc-the day’s work. Remember
the words of the old ,s > .g which stanchly aver,
; to prosecute the war! “whistle and hoe. whistle and hoe. shorten the
\nother decided advan- I rows of the corn, you know.”
> domestic unity. The We greatly fear, however, that thc habit of
whistling is one regulated by temperaments, and
doubt if it ran he acquired td any extent. Still,
we ha’’e seen it prove infectious, and a single,
blithely whistling man set all of his silent com
rades diligently to imitating his method of infus
ing variety into toil. This much is undoubtedly
true; joy or sorrow are almost equally communi
st the same time it is not difficult to convpre-1 cable and if you, the man who believes in whist
ling when he is woeful or joyous, will take the
pains io indulge your propensity when von see
those around you in need of encouragement, you
will have set in that one day of your life the pearl
of a good action.
Let us hope that in these days of feverish, im
petuous money-making, this good, old primeval
art of whistling will not suffer the decadence into
hend the effect on other nations of a protracted
war of this magnitude. Money is diverted into an
unprofitable channel, uncertaintv prevails as to
what the other powers may expect, commercially,
at the close of the war, and rates of interest are
affected in higher ratio as the war progresses. The
one restraining factor is the fact that the present
war is a physical solution of the open or closed
door in the Far East
the international trade! which it seems to be falling.
Big Percentag'e of the Wounded
In Great Battles Now Recover
ODERN warfare differs
from ancient and me
diaeval conflicts not only
in the weapons used, but
in the percentage of the
jLU wounded who survive a
battle. Jn the days of
hand-to-hand fighting with
fflr BBJ ift pike and sword, battleax
anc * <Jagger - the casualties
I of a bPaten army in a
I hotly contested battle
J were apt to be final
losses. The wounded were
usually taken prisoners or slain. Few
men hurt seriously escaped and fierce
•nd close pursuit of the victors.
Even the winning side had a far small
er proportion of losses which were mere
ly temporary or technical than armies
suffer in these times, when every man
hit by a rifle ball figures in the list of
casualties, and nine out of ten reported
wounded recover soon and rejoin their
commands. In modern war the so-called
losses published after a battle can r.e
cut dow*. *Q 25 or 30 per cent of tho
official nuwrisers In ascertaining the per
manent diminution of the forces en-
gaxed.
In this respect, however, battles differ
widely. Sometimes actions Sought at
close quarters under peculiar conditions,
as. for instance, in cases which involve
the storming of strong works defended
iby heavy artiUery, the proportion of
casualties which mean death may rise to
eomething like the terrible mortality
rate of mediaeval wars.
When file Russians flung themselves
i upon the French and Sardinian lines at
j the Tchernaya river, before Sevastopol,
! in the summer of 1855, they left about
! 3.300 dead on the field, and their wound
ed seemed to number only < bout half
j that number. But these proportions are
] so remarkable that it must be taken for
j granted that many slightly wounded
| Russians were sent to the rear and
! never reported as hurt in records which
| the allies had the means of comparing
with their own statistics,
j Keeping in mind, then, the broad fact
! that losses in battle may mean any
thing, from death to slight h urts, and
the temporary absence from roil call of
troops which rejoin their colors later.
loss,
loss,
-French
fcss.
loss
3.000;
allies.
55.000;
allies,
loss,
14.000;
40,000;
allies.
20.000;
allies,
and remembering that all records of ; 000
Dresden—French
27.000.
Leipsic—French
53.000.
Jena-Auerstadt
Prussian, 35,000.
Blenheim—French
13.000.
Malpaquet—French
18.. 000.
Rose, bach—Prussian
Zorndorf—Prussian,
24.000.
Kttnerdorf—Prussian.
16.000.
Magenta—Freifch-Sardinian, 4,000; Aus
trian, 17.000.
Solferino—French-Sardinian, 18,000;
Austrian, 20.000.
Sadowa—Prussian, 9,000; Austrian, 44,-
500; allies. 7.500.
11,000; Russian,
18,500; allies.
csaualties in war are disputed by oppo
site sides and open to more or less
doubt, it is extremely interesting, ot
this time, to look over a list of losses,
as the figures have gone into history, in
some of the more famous battles of
modern wars.
FIGURES FROM MANY BATTLES.
The following shows how greatly the
i lighting which has taken place so far in
the Russo-Japanese war falls short of
] the havoc which has marked many no-
I table battles of the last 200 yearat
Borodino—French loss, 30.000 Russian,
40.000.
vate houses, of private letter reading by
the detective department, ot secret de
nunciations and of sudden Imprisonment
; and exile. One of them lately said to me:
“As our national s.atirlst constantly used
to remark, thero is but one way of
escaping from the meshes of this irk
some net; acquire a taste for dissipation
and rakishness, for gambling or for drink-
| ing, and you are promoted like a con
victed felon for good conduct in prison.
. At the present moment the system or
espionage has become so perfect and ex
tended that if you read aloud in your
own room a play ol Shakespeare’s in
which passage occur lacking in respect
toward the government ot his time, it Is
: known in the police department next day,
but what will not be known, of course, is
that you wore merely declaiming the
work of a world poet, i nave a lackey
j here who has been with me ten months.
A good, honest, willing fellow. X have
I had no complaint against him. He does
not drink, nor quarrel, nor gossip—a
treasure, in a word. Now and again he
: asked leave to absent himself at night,
and several times in the forenoon, and,
of course, 1 willingly consented. Well,
last week I discovered that he is a mem
ber of tlie secret police and that his
absences were caused by the obligation
he is under to report from time to time
j about the people wno visit me and tne
: things they say. And. as I am ratner
I outspoken with my friends. I can guess
j what sort of a record they have against
; me in the police department.
! “I have a friend, living in an aristo
cratic quarter of the city—a man wno
hears a historic name, frequents tiie high-
; est society and is an intimate friend of
! some of the most influential personages
jin the empire, and he himself occupies a
position which presupposes wealth, pa
triotism and loyalty, all or wnich he
j possesses. Well, his servants make week-
| ly reports to the police about tne names
j and conversation of the officials and oth-
j ers -.vho frequent his house, uot because
| he Is suspected—the idea is monstrous-
hut because the instructions given by the
; minister of the interior to the doorkeep-
I ers and other servants to keep their eyes
j and ears open and to confide their ob
servations to the police are binding on all
; the serving class in the capital, without
: exception.
“Then take the postofflee; it is a star
chamber of extorted secrets. The time,
labor and money spent upon that branch
of our lay inquisition would almost suf
fice. if turned into the right channel, to
regenerate the empirp. Never before were
so many private letters read and copied.
I That explains. In part, why such fre
quent and wearisome delays occur in the
; forwarding of missives, i know or let
ters which spent nine days in getting
from St. Petersburg to Moscow.
“Formerly tne system was simple; all
i letters to suspected persons were care
fully read and copies kept, and only a
certain percentage of other letters were
taken, generally at random. Now the
rules are much more rigorous, thanks to
! the organizing talent of the minister or
nfeder- tllp interior, who has introduced the Na
poleonic system, improved and adapted
to Russian needs. Letters to and from
foreign countries are closely scanned: en-
Gravelotte—German, 21,000; French
14.000.
Sedan—German. 9,000; French. 38,000.
Inkermann—Russian, 9.000; allies, 2.500.
The Alma—Russian. 5,500; allies,’ 3,300.
Sevastopol fflnai)—Russian (?); ail., s
10.000.
Plevna—Russian, 40,000; Turk. 55,000
Gettysburg—Federal, 23.186;
ate, 31,621.
Antietam—Federal, 15,856; confederate t
3I.62T. T
Chickamauga—Federal, 15,851; con fed- I velopes coming from Germany, especially
erate, 17.804
Cha noellorsville—Federal. 16,000;
federate, 12.821.
Wilderness—Federal 12.469;
I 1.400
Waterloo—French
22,000.
loss,
31,000;
allies,
Seven days before Richmond—Federal,
15,249; confederate, 17.583.
Ausfteriltz—French
35,000.
loss
7,800;
allies.
Stone River—Federal. 11,578; confeder
ate, 25.560.
IVagram—French
trlan, 35.000.
loss.
30,030;
Aus-
Petersburg—Federal. 10.586; confeder
ate, (?).
Hried 1 a nd—French
19,000.
loss
8,000;
allies,
Shiloh—Federal, 13,573; confederate,
10.699.
Evlau—French l-oss,
18,000.
20,000;
allies.
Spottsyl vania—Federal, 14,931; confed
erate, 9,000.
Hohenlinden—French los^ 5,000; Aus
trian, 20,000.
CONTINUED ON EIGHTH PAGE.
j Stuttgart, where an anti-governmental
eon- Russian paper is published, are opened,
and if the forbidden journal is there it is
confeder- j confiscated and the addressee is ‘shadow
ed.’ Letters to and from diplomatists
are conned and copied. Once a letter was
thus read and by an egregious act of for
getfulness the copy was Inclosed In the
envelope as well and then sent on to the
diplomatist. This gentleman complained,
of course, and the authorities blandly as
sured him that they deeply regretted the
mistake and would guarantee that such
a painful blunder should never occur
aeain. and never since has a copy of a
r -ad missive heen forwarded together
with the original to any one.”
By HELEN HARCOURT.
Xfrii.cn /or 7ohf> Contjs
AR, far hack, in the olden
times, before history was,
the flag or banner was
born. Almost as soon as
men began to collect to
gether for purposes of com
mon interests, of defense
and offence, of rejoicing
or of commemoration,
some kind of conspicuous
object was used as a sym-
of the common sentiment,
and as a rallying point for
the common forces, wheth
er eiv’liart or military. It is easy to un
derstand from our modern experiences,
how necessary standards or emblems were
even in those early times, wherever there
was a military organization or discipline.
They were needed to mark out the lines
of stations and encampments, and above
all, to point out to the armies the posi
tion and course of their leader, as he
swept onward in tihe fierce turmoil of bat
tle. The standard was something tangi
ble to look to. It was held aloof over and
in -ront of the fighting hosts, and used
as a guide and a signal, much as our
•’wig-wag” flags are used now-a-days.
Its possession wavs an honor, its loss a
disgrace, and this feeling, strong to the
death in the olden time, is no less strong
today.
Among the remains of that people which
have left behind them the earliest and
clearest traces of civilization, the records
of the various objects used as emblems or
ensigns are frequently found. Each com
pany of the Egyptian army, had its own
standard. These were not floating flags,
those were evolved later on. but figures
borne aloft on poles or staffs, of objects
associated in the minds of the Egyptian
nation with feelings of awe or worship.
Sacred animals, such as the cat, croco
dile and bull, and the scareb beetle, or a
tablet bearing the name of one of their
kings, and fan and feather shaped sym
bols, all these were borne aloft at the
head of the companies as they marched
to battle. Then, as now. it was consid
ered to be a special honor to be the
bearer of the revered standard, front
whose charge only death itself could re
lieve him without dishonor.
FLAGS NOT NEW.
Banners and ensigns are often men
tioned in the Bible, and the Jewish
tribes and warriors, had each “the ensign
of their father’s house.” The Persians
bore an eagle fixed to the end of a lance,
and on their great standards was pictured
the sun which was their deity. Even our
own North American Indians carried
poles fledged with feathers from the
wings of eagles. The anc’ient Mexicans
and the Peruvians also carried their own
peculiar standards, from which they
parted in battle only with death as their
conquerer. The Greeks bore a piece of
armor on a spearhead in early times,
while each of its cities had its own stand
ard. The Athenians, for example, car
ried into battle an owl and an olive on
their standards, the Corinthians a pega-
sus, and the Thebans a sphinx. The sig
nal for the Greek armies to advance was
a purple tunic waved from the point of a
lance. This signal, starting from the
commanding general’s side, was repeated
by each division, until the order had been
thus communicated to even the most dis
tant troops.
Although drapery was occasionally used
in the earlier times as a standard, it did
not come into common use for military
and other ensigns until well on into the
middle ages. It was not until the science
of heraldy had attained “a habitation and
a home” that we find any emblem that
was, in the modern sense, a flag. These
at first took the form of pennons attached
to the lances of knights and nobles. They
were small and pointed, sometimes with
one point, sometimes with two or three,
according to the rank of their owner!
From these humble little pennons were
gradually evolved the flags of the na
tions as we find them today. Their sig
nificance and Value can (hardly be over
estimated. even in an individual sense.
It is a well known fact that flags have
often served to rouse to enthusiasm those
sentiments of pride, honor, personal de
votion, patriotism and religion, upon
which, as much as upon good general
ship. success in battle depends, a coun
try without a flag is but half a country
The powerful aid of religion seems al
ways to have given a peculiar san. ity to
national flags, and the origin of many of
them can be traced directly to the old
time banner of the nations. The oriflame
exampl
j of France is an
and the crescent of the Turk i
i Seeing then, that every
j from the earliest time
'as a rallying point In
of this class,
notlier.
nation desired
;, its own banner
time of i
iilbib:
xnd
J.
e of country in
y followed that
an colonies of
attain their in-
and set up housekeeping for
one of their firZt thoughts
! a symbol of reverent lo\
time of peace, it’natural
j as soon as the Amcrii
j Great Britain resolved to
dependent
! themselv)
and
inds
oud
j was of a suitable banner to lead their
| armies to victory. And just now, with
I the glorious Fourth of July close upon us,
land the thoughts of over seventy mil-
| lions of people turning to the Stars and
J Stripes—just now is the right time to
■ look backward to the starting point of
| that dear flag that is generally acknowl
edged to ’be the most beautiful flag among
I the nations of the earth.
! There are other national clays that we
j celebrate in one way or another, days
when our beloved flag is thrown proudly
to the breeze, but when the "Glorious
I Fourth” comes around, we feel that “this
i is the day we celebrate” above all others.
That is why tho Star Spangled Banner
[and all that it stands for is just then
uppermost in the minds of every Ameri
can patriot. Silver-tongued orators
; poets have told in voice and song of th
; dear old flag. Thousands and thousc
I of brave men have followed its pr
folds to victory, and other thousands to
their death in its defense. There are
i other thousands, too. in these present
I days, who love the flag none t lie less be-
j cause Lhcy live, literally, live bj r it. 'mesa
| are those who earn their living, and a
good one. by making United States Hags,
big and little. All the year round they
[are at work, and still the demand never
j fails. Every year the people of the
! United States buy over three million
| flags of their great republic. These flags
serve for the special occasion for which
j they were bought, and then they dis-
1 appear (like the pins) and no one knows
(where they go to. There is one curious
thing about Americans in this connection,
j Their reverence and love for the flag
of their country can be surpassed by no
other nation, and yet when they are not
j flinging it to the breeze, they do often I ;
! put it to all sorts of irreverent uses, or '
what would seem so to people of most
other nations. \Ye are utilitarians, and
[ carry this quality to such an extent that
wo do not like to see even our flag lying
idle. If we can find a use to put it t.”
it is very apt to be applied to that use,
■"regardless.” It is this that keeps so
! many people busy making new flags all
j the time. It is only the largest and most
[expensive flags. 0 r the small silk ones
[that get treated with the respect due to
their national rank, and yet no disrespect
! is meant to the others.
GRADUAL GROWTH.
| Bat where did it come from, this beau
tiful flag of ours? It was not born «u
in one day, but was gradually evolved
I from others. The “great union flag.”
( which was flung to the breeze at Cam
bridge, Mass., on January 2. 1776. by
[ Washington's command, originated in a
| combination of ideas that grew gradu.
j ally out of the cross of St. George, and
; the saltire of St'. Andrew, through the
medium of the British Union Jack and
the “commercial flag.” ] t had its being
more directly, however, from the stand
ard of the Philadelphia Eight Horse, of
1774. This was a military organization
that has ’Preserved Its formation to this
day. and has been fr r many years tne
pride of its city, under the name of the
i “First City Troop of Cavalry.” Us mem
bers are drawn almost entirely from the
I oldest and richest families in the city as
indeed they must needs he. since Vaon
man furnishes his own equipments and
I uniforms, and steed, and these are all of
the finest and best that money can p ro -
'firlt' ^ T. a , S a select company from the
fust, and this may have been one r e-is, >n
why its flag attracted particular alien
; tion. 11
The ’’Star Spangled Banner” nf today
grew out of the “Great Union Flag,” md
' the replacing of 'the
or “Union” by the
of thirteen white stars
The majority ,.f ollr
, ■ - their beloved fl a .» -,s
only about one hundred and t wentv-emiU
volt's old. the age of our nation. But^jts
P" ul Afnr/'-r? ton. Sf
riculture in the Cleveland
was born at Detroit in 18
age of 16 he became a clei
lington office, and at 21 ■
assistant general freight
system. In 1886 he was
passenger agent. Tfe res
to engage in the coal and
■being for a time vice pr
Colorado Fuel and Iron Co
1885 he returned to railroading,
ing his present office with the
road. Mr. Morton is an onte
conversationalist, and is said
Senator Depew as an afto
57
dent
field. Mass., and Georgetown
Starting in life as a legal v
porter, he speedily made a
himself for accuracy and
ness, and became the pri
nographer of many legal fir
for f<
ur
wa
th.
this came out .
i British “quarter
American "union’
j in a blue field,
[people look upon
“fern ’’nr nation. But its raisers crack ar
; age dates much farther back s 0 lar ‘r i toughest military nut it ha
leas . as its genesis goes. 'y u an ’ (dd ! «P"n to crack since the war
Iiingrlish nrmt 1(1 ;i n fl cat, . -
English print, of the date of
flag of the East India company H shown'
and m its thirteen red and white p "’
mue stripes, it is identical with “nm
G.ory.” But it did not hav ° ld
held, bearing, instead the
preparatory schools at New York,
in 1389 entered the public serv.
private secretary i 0 federal ofli • : ■ •
the eastern metropolis. Reeomn ■ :
as an export and as a man to he ti ;.
President Cleveland appointed Mr
telyou to he his stenographer in
he was speedily promoted
executive clerk. He was made
secretary to President McKinley in i
and became his secretary May l i
This office he held until" Fe’.ru.i:-
year, when, upon the organizat; n f
department of commerce and 1 ib ir P
d.nt Roosevelt appointed him it-
secretary. Upon being chosen nat
irman Mr. Cortelyou at once res e
hip. to take effect upon
of his successor.
IDLE, according
he latest rep’
Sir Donald Curri
recovering from
recent severe illr
ais advanced age
—makes it unit
that this friend
Gladstone and ’
nyson and g
English captain
industry will
much longer.
Donald’s most
sir Donnia Currie cent portra
panics this sketch of him. His hair
whiskers have long been snow white
parting to his thoughtful, earnest fa.
marked aspect of .benevolence
accords well with his character
shown the other day by UIs munifi.
donation of S500.000 to the London
\ ersity. bir Donald has a town re.sidi
at 4 Hyde Park place, and among hi®
treasures there are more Turners t
['"'. found in any other private
1 El'TENANT 6
E R A L V
TROTHA, comm
er of the Sixte
infantry divisio
the German a
recently sailed
German south
rica to take ch
of the cam;
against the kai
rebellious subje
the Hereros. I
warlike natives,
000 strong, have
k army with
> been c
with Fr;
months of blundering
rank the gmperor
fficer from tho ge.
ction. Ge.
den. Voi
vided th.'
Troth
kaiser’s era
/
and after six
leaders of l.v
dded to send
t-> the Ul
\ on . rotha, who enjoys a fine r.
• in as an organizer and tactirh
men n and ^ , 1Um repnfr ’'veme n ts of
mtiv» h0rses ’ anJ fi p will assun
j Ute tn colonial