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THE (OVVTIfITIOVILIST.
BY JAMES GARDNER.
OFFICE ON McINTOSH-STBEET,
THIRD DOOR FROM THR NORTH-WEST CORNER
OF BROAD-STRKKT.
TERMS:
Daily, in advance per annum $6 00
If not in advance per annum 7 00
Tri-Weekly, in advance.. per anuum.... 4 00
If not in advance per annum 5 00
Weekly, in advance per annum 200
Discount for C'ccbs.
OTJB “JOB” OFFICE.
Having recently added a variety of New Stpdes
of TYPE to our Job Department, we are prepared
to execute every description of
LETTER PRESS PRINTING!
In a superior manner, and on reasonable terms.
Among the assortment arc some Mammoth Type
for POSTERS.
WEDNESDAY, FEB. SO.
Scene in the Georgia Senate.
An interesting episode occnrred in the Senate
on Saturday afternoon, in the debate on the bill for
the sale of the Western and Atlantic Railroad.
Our Reporter gives but a faint sketch of it, though
it is substantially correct as far as it gofcs.
When the provision prohibiting citizens north of
Mason' and Dixon’s line from taking stock in the
proposed Western and Atlantic Railroad Compa
ny was under consideration, Mr. Pore made an
impassioned and spirit stirring appeal to the pa
triotism and conservatism of the South, not to in
corporate such a feature in its policy. He de
nounced it as sectional, illiberal, and impolitic.
He referred to the true and iried uational men of
tho North, friends of the Constitution, and suppor
ters of the equal rights of the South in the Union.
He argued that the same influences which had in
duced Northern men to vote for the Nebraska-
Kansas acts, by which the Missouri restriction was
obliterated, and these Territories opened to the
equal participation with the North in its settle
ment were still at work in the North, and were
gaining strength there—that a healthy re-ac
tion was going on in our favor, and in behalf
of constitutional principles, aud that at this
time an attempt to revive geographical lines, \
and increase sectional animosities, would come
with an ill grace from a Southern State—from
the State of Georgia, which had warmly ap
proved of the abrogation of that sectional division,
the Missouri compromise line—which the Nebras
ka-Kansas bill accomplished. He spoke of Gen.
Pierce in terms of commendation as a President
who had proved himself a national man, and
sound and reliable on the question of slaver}'. He
had proved himself a friend to those Constitution
al rights so vitally dear to the South, and urged
that while he discharged so nobly the duties of his
high position, the South should feel it to be her
pride and her duty to strive to soothe the sectional
irritation that was unhappily prevailing. The pro
vision under consideration was a step towards a
dissolution of the Confederacy and intestine strife.
It should be the aim of every Georgian who loved
his country, to seek to avert that result as long as
it could be done consistently with the rights and
honor of our State and section.
At the allusion to President Pierce, tho Sena
tor’s on the Democratic side could not be restrain
ed, but responded with plaudits which were caught
up in the lobby and gallery, in away to show un
mistakably how warmly the conduct of President
Pierce was approved, and how strong was his hold
on the admiration of those present. Even some of
the opposite side of the Senate indicated their sym
pathy with the prevalent feeliug.
Senator Welborn, of Whitfield, in reply, sta
ted that if the exercise of the privilege by Georgia I
of specifyingto whom she would prefer to sell her
property, and whom she would exclude from the I
list of purchasers^should be visited upon her with
war and all its horrors, he would exclaim, let it
come.
As the Senator from Whitfield is understood to
be a Minister of the Gospel, a fact to which Judge ,
Cone alluded in reply, the latter undertook to read .
a lecture to the Reverend Senator for uttering sen
timents so little in unison with the teachings of
his Divine Muster, as disclosed in the New Testa- ,
ment,abook with which the Judge declared himself
well acquainted. Mr. Welborn, interrupting, said
he did not know, before, the grave Senator, whose
head was whitened by sixty winters, had become a
Bishop; to which the Judge replied, that though
not a Bishop, he knew a great deal more of the
Bible than many of the Priests.
He then made an appeal against sectional divis
ions aud lines drawn by unfriendly legislation
deprecated war as not only the greatest of calam
ities, but as the greatest wickedness and folly,
ne expressed a hope that even in the short rem
nant of his days, he should see a Congress of na
tions organized to settle peacefully all disputes and
controversies*
He, also, expressed a belief that n great and
healthy reaction was going on in the public mind
at the North, in favor of the Constitution—
that the mass of the people there, had been deluded
by politicians for the purpose of gaining office and
power, that it had succeeded in giving such men
as Banks the Speaker’s Chair, but the people were
now arousing up to the dangers to which this ex
citement were tending, and would yet come back
to their fidelity to the Constitution.
He complimented President Pierce for his pa
triotic course, and expressed his confidence in his
soundness. He said the South could safely trust
its vast interests in his keeping, as the chief mag
istrate of this great Union. But the provision
of the bill under discussion declared he could not
be trusted by Georgia to hold stock in the Western
and Atlantic railroad. He showed up the absurdi
ty of such a position, and appealed to Senators to
adopt a comprehensive and patriotic policy, which
embraced the whole Union as our common coun
try, and to move on in the peaceful progress of the
great destiny that was before us as a great nation.
In conclusion he exclaimed, I am for America now
and America forever.
He denied, in reply to Mr. Wellborn, that he
had denounced Gen. Pierce as unsound, but had
said be did not like some of his appointments.
We have noticed this debate, or this portion of
it, for two reasons, one to notice the compliment
paid President Pierce, and the warm manner in
which It was received. For tho hall again re
sounded with applause when Judge Cone eu
logized the President. The other, to do justice
to Mr. Wellborn, who, though advocating
the exclusion of stockholders from the North,
did not express sentiments inconsistent with
a Christian faith and a peaceful spirit. He
said, in effect, he would welcome war and all its
horrors, if forced upon us, for having exercised
our unquestionable rights.
We arc indebted to the polite attention of Mr.
Stovall, Superintendent of the Road, for the state
ment of produce shipped over the Rome railroad
for the seven months ending January 31st, 1856:
145,733 bushels of Wheat; 14,081 bushels Corn;
123.441 pounds Flour, and 7,227 bales Cotton.
Cotton shipped same period 1854-5, 6,748 bales,
which shows an increase in the last seven months’
shipments of 460 bales.
[Rome Commerceal Advertiser , Feb. I4t&.
Col. Isaac D’Lyon, a worthy and popular
citizen of Savannah, died in that city on Saturday
last.
A Very Important Case.
The Washington Star says: One of the most im
portant cases ever brought up for adjudication by
the Supreme Court is now being tried before that
august tribunal—No. 61, Drea Scott, plaintiff in
error, 34. John F. A. Sanford. Mr. Montgomery
Blair, for the plaintiff in error, aud the Hon.
Messrs. Geyer and Reverdy Johnson for the de
fendant in error. The points particularly in issue
are, first, the right of citizens of slaveholding
States to cam r their slaves into non-slaveholding
States for a temporary sojourn there, without the
loss of their right of property in such slaves; and
next, the constitutionality of the Missouri compro
mise, as involved in the question of the right of
Congress to legislate with reference to slavery in
United States Territories.
Meeting on Saturday Night.
We publish in another column the proceedings
of the meeting held in this city on Saturday night,
to take into consideration the policy of subscribing
for stock in the Savannah Valley railroad.
An abstract of the speeches of Col. Calhoun
and Judge Kino are unavoidably postponed.
Tennessee Bridge Finished. —We learn, says
the Chattanooga Advertiser, that the first train of
cars passed over the Tennessee Bridge on Thurs
day night the 15th, being completed ten days be
fore the pet time in contract—and for each day the
contractor will receive S3OO, thus securing to him
he snug little sum of S3OOO.
[communicated, j
Savannah Valley Railroad.
A meeting of the citizens of Augusta was held
at the City Hall on Saturday evening lust. Hon.
Wm. E. Bearing, Mayor, was called to the Chair,
and Wm. H. Pritchard requested to act as Secre
tary.
The Mayor briefly explained the object of the
meeting, to be to take some action in reference to
the subscription, by the Citv, of five hundred thou
sand dollars iu the stock of the Savannah Valley
Railroad Company.
Col. Calhoun, of Abbeville, S. C., and Judge
Jonn P. King, of this city, addressed the meeting
in favor of the Savannah Valley Railroad enter
prise.
Wm. M. D’Antignac, Esq., offered the following
preamble and resolution, which were adopted :
Whereas, the magnitude of the question under
consideration is, sucli as to render definite action
at this meeting inexpedient —therefore,
Be it Resolved, That the whole matter be re
ferred to a committee of thirteen, whose duty
it shall be to collect all information calculated to
enlighten this community, as to the advantages or
disadvantages likely to result to us from the Duild
i ing of the Savannah Valley railroad, and whether
in view of all the circumstances, a subscription
should be made, and if made upon what terms;
and to report the result to ail adjourned meeting
of citizens.
In accordance with the above resolution, the
Chairman appointed the following gentleman the
committee of thirteen : Win. M. D’Antignac, Wm.
Schley, T. S. Metcalf, H. 11. Cumming, Edvard
Thomas, R. H. Gardner, Jr., I. P. Garvin, YV. T.
Gould, E. Bustin, John Bones, John Phinizy, Tur
ner Clanton, Wm. H. Stark.
On motion, the meeting adjourned, subject to the
call of the committee.
Wm. E. Bearing, Chairman.
Wm. H. Pritchard, Secretary.
Congressional.
COMMITTEES APPOINTED.
The Speaker announced the following commit
tees, in pursuance of a resolution passed some tirao
ago authorizing him to appoint the standing com
mit tees of the House :
O/mmitUe of Fleet ions. —Messrs. Washburn, of
Maine, Stephens, Watson, Spinuer, Oliver, of Mis
souri, Hickman, Colifax, Smith, of Alabama, and
Bingham.
Committee of Ways and Means. —Messrs. Camp
bell, of Ohio, Howard, Cobb, of Georgia, Jones,
I excused by request from serving ]of Tennessee,
Davis, of’ Maryland, Sage, Phelps, Campbell, of
Pennsylvania, and DeWitt.
Committee of Claims. —Messrs. Biddings, Letch
er, Bishop, Jones, of Pennsylvania, I)unn, of In
diana. Knowlton, Taylor, Gilbert, aud Marshall, of
Illinois.
Committee on Commerce —Messrs. Washburne, of
Illinois, Wade, Millson, McQueen, Tyson, Keunctt,
l Pel ton, Coramins, and Kusti*.
I Committee on Public Lands. —Messrs. Bennett, of
New York, Harlan, Cobb, of Alabama, Lindley,
J Cullen, WalbridgtY Bren ton, Maxwell, and Thor
ing ton.
Committee on Past Office amt Poet Roads. —
Messrs. Mace, Norton, Flagler, Burelny, I>i»y,
Powell, Walker, Wood and Herbert.
Committee on the District (f Columbia. —Messrs.
Mcacham, Dodd, Goode, Turnback, Dick, Har
ris, of Maryland, Bennett, of Mississippi, Trafton.
and Bell.
Committee on the Judiciary. —Messrs. Simmons,
H. Marshall of Kentucky, Barbour, Caskie, Gallo
way, Harris of Alabama, Leake, Wakeman, and
Committee on Revolutionary Claims. —Messrs.
Ritchie, Murray, Smith of Virginia, English, Ful
ler of Maine, Allen, Clawson, Cragiu, and lunrie*
Committee on Pvblic Expenditures. Messrs.
Dean, Covode, Kelly, Mott, Pearce, Vail, Elliot,
Waldron, and Branch.
Joint Committee on Priming. —Messrs. Nichols,
Cragin, and Flagler.
Committee on Private Find Claims. —Messrs.
Porter, Horton of Ohio, Thorington, Etheridge,
Bowie, Sandidge, Herbert, Robison, and Horton
of New York.
Committee on Manufactures. —Messrs. Clark of
Connecticut, Knight, Crawford, Bliss, Durfee.
Edwards, Dowdell, Campbell of Kentucky, anil
Ricaud.
Committee on Agriculture. —Messrs. Holloway,
Ready, Grow, Bel!, Campbell of Ohio, Morgan,
Sabin, Cullen, ami McMullen.
Committee on InPan Affairs. —Messrs. Pringle,
Orr, Billinghurst, Greenwood, Leiter, Hull of
Massachuseets, Todd, Caruthers, and Herbert.
Committee on Territories. —Messrs. Grow, Bid
dings, Purviance, Richardson, Houston, Granger,
Zollicofler, Morrill and Perry.
Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. —Messrs.
Broom, Albright, Edmundson, Miller, of New
York, Miller, of Indiana, Craige, Knapp, Wood
ruff, and Hall, of lowa.
Committee on Invalid Pensions. —Messrs. An
drew Oliver, of New York, Pike, Florence, Savage,
Welsh, Talbott, Dickson, Lumpkin and Robbins.
Committee on Roads and Canals. —Messrs. Knox,
Hughston, Rufiin, Scott, Peck, Moore, Barksdale,
Bradshaw and Rust.
Committee on Military Affairs. —Messrs. Quit
man, Allison, Sapp, Faulkner, Williams, Stanton,
Denver, Buffington, and Washburue, of Wiscon
sin.
Committee on the Militia. —Messrs. Kunkel,
Whitney, Harrison, Hoffman, Foster, Parker, Wat
kins, Wright, of Mississippi, und Hull, of Massa
chusetts.
Committee on Ratal Affairs. —Messrs. Benson,
Stranahan, Bocock, Haven, Winslow, Seward, Da
vis, of Massachusetts, Boyce and Millward.
Committee on Foreign Affairs. —Messrs. Penning
ton, Bayiy, Clingman, Aiken, Fuller, of Pennsyl
vania, Matteson, Sherman, Burlingame, and Thurs
ton.
Committee on Patents. —Messrs. Morgan, Chaffee,
Smith, of Tennessee, Paine, and Eddy.
Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. —
• Messrs. Ball, Todd, Puryear, Keitt and Roberts.
Committee on RcvisaVand Unfinished Business. —
Messrs. Sabin, Knowlton, Warner, Clark, of New
York and Shorter.
Conunittee on Accounts. —Messrs. Thurston, Cad
walader, Nichols, Buffington and Carlile.
Committee on Mileage. —Messrs. Sneed, Brooks,
Kelsey, Evans and Woodworth.
Joint Committee on the library. —Messrs. Aiken,
Tyson and Pettit.
Committee on EnroleJ Bills. —Messrs. Pike and
Davidson.
Committee on Expenditures of the State Depart
msnt.—Messrs. Brooks, Smith of Tennessee, Par
ker, King, and Damrell.
Committee on Erpenditures in the Treasury De
partment.—Messrs. Waldron, Wells, Alexander K.
Marshall of Kentucky, Kidwell, and Clawson.
Committee on Expenditure.s in the War Depart
ment. —Messrs. Cragiu, Valk, Jewett, Rivers, and
Covode.
Committee on Engraving. —Messrs. Kelsey, Dam
rell. and Wright of Tennessee.
Committee on Expenditures in the Navy Depart
ment.—Messrs. Harris of Illinois, Wheeler, Wash
bume of Wisconsin, Underwood, and Wright of
Tennessee.
Committee on Expenditures in the Post Office De
partment. —Messrs. Petit, Cox, Williams, Burnett,
and Reade.
Committee on Expenditures on Public Buildings.
—Messrs. McMullen, McCarty, Stewart, Swope,
and Trippe.
Speech of Mr. S. J. Smith, of Union,
Upon the hill incorporating the JTncassee Railroad
Company. Mr. Smith, of Union, said:
Mr. Speaker—l regret that the elaborate argu
ment of the gentleman from Gilmer, (Mr. Picket,)
has placed me under the unpleasant necessity of
inflicting on this House a speech. That there is a
diversity* of opinion in this General Assembly, ou
the subject of Internal Improvement, by State aid,
has been fully demonstrated by the action of this
House. But that any Georgian, particularly any
Cherokee Georgian/ should, with the luminous
history of railroad enterprise, and railroad tri
umph. spread out before hi in, be heard to raise his
voice in these Halls, against their creation or fur
ther extension by individual or corporate enter
prise, excites in me the most profound astonish
’ ment. But what are those enterprises? What
their triumphs? One fifth of a century has scarce
elapsed since all Cherokee Georgia was an unex
plored wild—a savage inhabited wilderness.—
Where the council fire then blazed or the improvi
dent Indian idly roamed, is now seen the well cul
tivated and luxurious farm, fresh gleaned of its
golden and exhuberant harvest. Where the low,
dingy wigwam then stood, now looms up the ro
mantic vula, or spreads the flourishing village,
musical with the busy hum of industrial life, and
teaming with all the joyoua manifestations of rap
idly advancing civilization. Where the glittering
scalping knife and blood-stained tomahawk then
gleamed, amid the lurid light of burning pioneer
• houses, and the lone, plaintive wail of the expir
ing victim, and the terific warwhoop of the exult
ing victor, broke in awful cadence upon the dull
ear of night, now the tall church dedicated to God,
bathes its lofty spine in the halcyon rays of the
midday sun, and the euphonious Chime of the
church-going hell is summoning village afnd cot
tager to the peaceful altar of Chisfrian prayer—the
service of a Christian God. And where the start
led deer then bounded over its grassy heath to
elude the swift flying dart from the red man’s un
erring bow, nowthunders along his iron track the
tiery Steam-stud laden with the rich and varied
K’ucts of far off valley and mountain. Verily,
the waste places of earth been made glad,
and the Wilderness to bloom as the rose—whv this
mighty metamorphos, this magic-like transforma
tion? Turn to your statute-books, witness the pro
found and far-reaching sagacity of vour predeces
sors on this floor, then estimate the giant might
and creative energies of our population, and the
mystery is solved. *
Georgia’s statesman saw and recognized the
great political truth that it was one legitimate end
and object of legislation to foster, develop and call
into requisition all the vast resources of the State,
physical and moral, but this political philosophy
is left for modem statesmanship to illustrate and
adorn. A celebrated ancient General once threat
ened, in the blind impotency of rage, to hurl an
up-heaved mountain from its adamantine base so
that his desolating army of millions might inun
date the classic plains* of liberty, leaving Greece
with blood and destruction. Georgia’s more phi
lanthropic statesman said, in tones characteristic
of true wisdom and humanity, we will cut a pas
sage through the mighty barrier oil our western
border, and let the vast products and exhaustless
treasure of the groat valley of the Mississippi dis
gorge themselves into the expansive lap of her own
loved State. They spake, and striking the sterile
rock, not with the divine rod of Moses, not with
the fabled wafld of ancient magicians, but with the
powerful talisman of well directed enterprise, and
the enriching stream of golden commerce gushed
forth at their bidding. What a striking contrast
between the merciless folly and infatuation of the
blood-stained rulers of the past, and the enlight
ened, ameliorating statesmanship of the present!
Who can contemplate the incalculable results of
this stupendous stretch of statesmanship—the
consummation of this Herculean and State enrich
ing enterprise, without not only thanking God that
he is a modern—an American, yea, a Georgian !
What representative on flu’s floor can survey our
magnificent system of railroad and internal improve
ments stretching from the seaboard to thear-off,
misty mountains without wishing to see additional
arms thrown off, from the great central trunk into
all the prominent sections of the State, giving an
impetus to industry and business, that will cause
the great commercial heart of Georgia to pulsate
with new-born vigor and energy? 1, at least, Mr.
Speaker, desire, as you may infer from the bill un
der donsideration, to add another link to this ex
tended and still extending chain, a chain, sir, which
is even now binding .together the sunny South,
and prolific south-west with the strong ligaments
of Iron.
Sir, T have the honor to represent, on this floor,
a constituency who have received but few of the
business or commercial facilities lavished on other
portions of the State, by the erection of those great
roads, towards the construction of which they con
tributed their full proportion; a constituency whose
representatives have, session after session, rafted
large sums of money, to create anA fucilitjvk* L lW*
rivw and railroad .transportation Mf middw wd
lower Georgia; a constituency, ivroy
.sentatives have neither asked' nor received the iL.
clprocafappropriations to which they were justly el
titled, and which their commercial wants absolute
ly demanded. Nor am I here to-day, a mendicant,
supplicating Stale aul: out were as the representa
tive of a portion of the free men of Georgia, to
ask, aye, demand, in their name, that they be per
mitted to construct, on their own soil, by their own
unaided resources, a railroad in conformity with
the promises of the bill on your table, nor can I
permit myself to believe that these, the honored
representatives of freemen, who knowing will dare
defend the sovereign rights of the citizen, will re
fuse to grant mine, this poor, though to them im
portant boon.
Insignificant as this project may have heretofore
seemed, I assure you as guardians of Georgia’s
weal, that it involves questions and principles of
grave moment, for your calm consideration and de
liberate action.
The section of State through which this road is
designed to pass, is a picturesque and fertile region,
abounding in fine productive lands—magnificent
water powers, capable of propelling the most pow
erful machinery, and becoming the seat and heart
of extensive manufacturing enterprise; and en
tombed in the bowels of its green bills and rugged
mountains, slumbers untold millions of undevelop
ed mineral wealth, all of which must ever remain
cut oil and excluded from the great market of
Georgia and the world, until the mountain barriers,
by which we are surrounded, have been penetra'ed,
and the same facilities of transportation extended
to them that have developed and enriched other
sections of our State. When this shall have been
done, and the smoke gushing from the flaming nos
trils of the potent Iron Horse, be seen playing
round the summit of the Alleghany, and the thun
ders of his wind-like speed heard dashing across
the beautiful valleys or our mountain-girt home;
shall have fostcredf and called into requisition our
agricultural, manufacturing and mineral resources;
and shall have infused healthful energy and vigor
into all and every department of industry and life;
then will Georgia be made to feel, through her ev
ery commerciaT.nerve, the importance of this hith
erto neglected portion of our State—the consum
mation of this enterprise.
Scoff not at the stress I place on this project or
the importance I attach to this portion of our com
mon State. For, although no rice fields were in
ocean-like grandeur on our low lands, or snowy
cotton whitens our uplands, yet hath Deity been
more equal and beneficient in the distribution of
his favors than the superficial observer may at first
suppose.
The region of State penetrated by this road
boasts a soil redundant with almost spontaneous
productiveness; has the capacity, if developed, of
furnishing Georgia, and the great markets of the
South, boundless supplies or ice, fruits, vegetables ,
and breadstuffß annually ; and water powers, not
only sufficient to manufacture the entire cotton
crop of the South, but to drive entire machinery of
the work.
Whether we examine our agricultural, mineral
or manufacturing resources, the conviction is
forced home to the exultant heart, that Georgia is
not only the Empire State, bnt that she possesses
, all the elements and capacity of separate and dis
tinct national existence. From her agricultural
, and manufacturing resources, may be derived food
and clothing for the famishing arid destitute chil
l dren of the world—from the mineral resources may
be manufactured every article of ornament and
• utility, from the simplest implement of husbandry
- and mechanism, to the ruby ring, that sparkles on
the snowy finger, or the brilliant diamond, that
- flashes from the heaving bosom of peerless beauty.
Then why ? Georgia Legislators, tell me whv,
are Northern capitalists suffered to grow princely
- rich, by manufacturing the staple productions of
l the South ? Why permitted to furnish us with the
very garment we’wear, the fruits and vegetables
- that grace the tables of this, her capitol ? Why,
our own ingenious artizans and patriotic producers’
- are barely subsisting at home for want of lucrative
- employment and well directed patronage ? Why
f do the parents of the peerless daughters of the
South spend their millions annually at the various
- fashionable watering places of the North—South
, —contemning North—while amid our own ever
green mountains, beneath the sky as blue as
. Italia’s, they mar revel almost without price, in
, scenery more wild and diversified—landscape more
picturesque and variegated—inhale an atmosphere
as pure and salubrious as the breath of Heaveu—
and quaff water, pure and lucid as crystal, more
healthy, giving and restoring than that which
gushes from Saratoga’s boasted fount ? The rea
son of all this is as obvious as humiliating to our
State pride. At present there exists no rapid and
easy transit, to this bland, healthful summer re
treat —no facilities for the transportation of materi
al to this natural, and, I will add, future seat of
Southern manufactories.
Must this lamentable state of things, continue to
exist ?—shall the Blue Ridge ever constitute an icy
wall between upper and lower Georgia ? If so,
bo the ouous on other heads than those of my con
stituents, who now, with a magnanimity character
istic with their own chivalrous and indomitable
nature, ask the privilege of hewing down with
their own strong unaided hands, the great wall
fiat looms up between us, thus identifying them
selves more fully with, and pouring their now bu
ried, inert and* pent up treasure into the lap of
Middle and Lower Georgia. Is there one here who
has the temerity to dispute this their natural and
guaranteed rigtit, or reject this, their proffered
treasure? Yes, and the acknowledgment brings
the indignant blush of shame to my cheek. There
is one in temple, erected to justice, equality and
freedom, who would draw invidious distinctions
and place the brand of Cain on a portion of the
common children of a common parent. A righ
teous heaven, murk the oppressor, doom him to
the cutting lash of an indignent public opinion—
outraged natural rights but spare, in mercy spare
his constituents, from the misery and degradation
he would inflict on mine.
I have thus glanced briefly at some of the ad
vantages to be derived from the construction of
this road, and will now, with the indulgence of the
House, proceed to examine some of the alleged,
appaling effects, incident to its erection: First—
It is objected, that this contemplated road is de
signed to connect with the Tennessee and South
Carolina railroads. This is untrue, and as yon will
perceive by reference to the connection specified
in the bill* Cut suppose it did connect with the
Tennessee and South Carolina roads—would this
justify you in refusing to my constituents, the
lights and privileges extended to all other sections
of the State ? Does not the Western and Atlantic
railroad connect with the Tennessee road ? Does
not the Georgia railroad connect with the South
Carolina road? The LaGrange road with Alabama ?
Does not the Central road land your produce on
the great highway of Nations? Have we not now
a bin on our table, asking State aid to build a road
from Brunswick to Florida. And last, but not
least in iniquity, did not the very consistent and
considerate gentleman from Gilmer, (Mr. Pickett,)
introduce a bill, aeking State aid to erect a road
making the same deprecated connection with 'ien
ucssee? “0 consistency thou art indeed a jewel.”
But, sir, is not the value of all these roads en
hanced a hundred fold by these connections ? Then
why should Northern Georgia be made an excep
tion to the general rule? If this doctrine is to be
inaugurated and engrafted on Georgia policy, go
lop off yotir railroads, make their termini in* your
own State —block up your navigable rivers—lash
back the mightly Atlantic from your shore—cutoff
all foreign and inter-State communication, and let
Georgia’s vast surplus products rot on Georgia
soil. " This would be erUigthened statesmanship—
this, political economy sagely exemplified. But stop
not here—go demolish the magnificent structure
of government reared by your patriot sires—blot
out the sun of freedom—stifle the clarion trump
of liberty—lest your neighboring nations, inspired
and aroused by your example, should shake ofl' the
lethargic slumbers and shackles of ages of thral
dom, and aspire, aye, imperiously aspire to a par
ticipation in your happiness and prosperity. This
may be the statesmanship of antiquated schools,
hot it emanates not from the statesman’s head, it
springs not from the patriot's heart.
Secondly, it is charged that this supposed con
nection will divert freight and travel, and thus ruin
the Shite road. Now, the very reverse is my in
tention, and will be the effect of the erection of
this road. In North Carolina, though slumberless
thought, and action, have been fully aroused on
the subject of railroads and international improve
ment —like Georgia, she, too, can boast of a great
central trunk of railroads, which she is yearly ex
tending Westward. Charters have already been
grunted, routes surveyed, and roads partially under
contract to Ashville, on her Western border. She,
too, is alive to the importance of the vast trade and
travel to the West, straining every nerve to its ut
most tension to secure it, and thus make her road
the great thoroughfare of the nation, and her mag
nificent harbor at Beaufort the emporium of the
South.
In the prosecution of this scheme, her next
Legislature will grant a charter from Ashville to
Duck Town, in Tcnnnssce. This link filled up,
this connection secured, and she will have curtailed
the distance from the South-west to the North-east
from two to three hundred miles. Look at a map
of this two Slates, ami you will find this statement
fullyiiorroboratea. Would not this decreased dis
and the consequent'diminution ip the cost of
freight and travel, divert a large proportion ot bu
•ineu from Georgia road*? How i» the calamity
to be averted? Tanswer, by the erection of the
North-eastern road and the one contemplated by
this bill. The former will place you in direct
communication with Cincinnati and the great
North-west—the latter will be a great feeder to
the former from the South-west, and thus large
ly augment the business of our roads and the com
merce of your sea-port towns. This is your reme
dy, your only alternative. Then, instead of the
sworn guardians of Georgia’s interest waging war
on those who would voluntarily shoulder this
weighty enterprize, would it not better befit their
position to be clamoring at the cotters of the State
tor aid to thwart the catastrophe suspended over our
commercial interest ?
But the gentleman from Gilmer scoffs at the idea
of building a road over the lofty and rugged moun
tains of western North Carolina, and, I suppose, I
, ought to succomb to the gentleman’s superior
knowledge, he having the honor once to represent
them. lie, however, differs on this subject with
, the distinguished civil engineer of the Western
Turnpike road, (Mr. Fox) who was instructed in that
survey to ascertain the practicability of building a
road from Salsbury West. I was present when he
. reported, and if my memory is not greatly at fault,
he pronoun ceil it a practical)!** railroad ro:Be.
But suppose, for argument’s sake, the gentleui.;ii
be correct, that difficulties and obstructions do ex
ist, calculated to deter North Carolina from ex
tending her railroad rapidly Westward, does this
not constitute an additional reason why Georgia
should open her less obstructed and national out
lets, ana thus secure the commerce of Western
: North Carolina, instead of suffering her to secure
that of Northern Georgia, by either the contempla
ted railroad or the one now being constructed from
Clayton to Knoxville, Tennessee?
Sir, I lav it down as a fundamental truth—an in
; controvertible proposition—that where navigable
rivers do not exist, or afford the requisite facilities
for transportation, they, the sovereign people, have
a natural and an unquestionable right to create
them; and that it is the imperative duty of the
State to foster every enterprise which has a tenden
cy to develop her resources, and increase the ag
gregate wealth and revenue of her citizens. It was
■ the recognition and observance of this great prin
i ciple by the Northern States, that drew the vast
products of the Northwest to the Northeastern
cities. It was their system of railroads spreading
’ out, fan-like, in the* productive Northwest, that
1 enabled her to monopolize that mammoth trade,
and make the city of New York the undisputed
l Emporium of this vast continent—and, as a conse
i quence, the non-observance of this principle by us,
f ha* left unfostered, undeveloped, the agricultural
* and manufacturing interests, and commercial rc
, sources of the South—exhausted our substance to
t enrich Northern manufacture—and is now preying,
i like a mighty vampire, on our seaport towns* and
f cities. It ls.this enriching monopoly, together with
our tacit acknowledgement of their superiority
[ over us, that has made them proud, arrogant, fac
} tious, would be independent; and it is this seem
-5 ing independence that has estranged and alienated
. their affection from the Union ; and I would say,
. as a Georgia legislator, as this influence continues
I to paralvze and make the heart of this great Union
[ beat feebly, and still more feebly, bind the Southern
territory together with strong ligaments of iron—
, her people by identity of interest, and conviv-
I iality of this sentiment. This can only be effected
. bv spreading out your railroads in all the promi
i nent regions of this State, by fostering the manu
l factories that spring up everywhere along their
iron pathway, by developing all your natural re
sources, and by affording the facilities for the ae
'r quisition of wealth and education to all classes of
f your citizens. This done, and our w hole popula
„ tion stands as a unit, and the South, upon which
j God has stamped the indelible signet of natural
and commercial independence, will then take her
’ appropriate aud lofty position in a galaxy of States,
l and trauscendantly among them w*ill nash Geor
j gia’s culminating star.
e I now proceed to notice the third and last ob
s jection to the bill:
i The distinguished and lynx-eyed gentleman
r from the State of Gilmer, says, in ‘substance, that
s we wish, by the agency of this road, to divert our
i trade to Rabun and South Carolina, and that,
t* therefore, this charter must not be granted—which
e means, in unsophisticated English, that Georgia—
- the kind aud fostering mother of us all—must
e stoop from her lofty position—must doff the proud
l appellation and resplendant habiliments of Empire
- Mate—must don the royal robes of despotic King
r George the third, and manacle the strong arms,
i and chill the warm hearts of her devoted sons;
- and why ? because, forsooth, we, like our gallant
- ancestors, desire to find the best and most lucra
f tive markets of the South, of the world, for our
surplus products.
t King George said to- his American colonies,
t ‘‘thou shall not buy, sell or trade, with Fiance or
, Spain. lam thy master, England is thy mother;
- and your commodities shall have no other rcccpta
- cle but England.’’ King Gilmer would say to
* Union and Fannin, you wish to trade and traffic
i with Rabun and South Carolina, but I am the
l guardian of Georgia, the State road in particular,
- and her depots shall be your depots, her markets
- your only markets. Is there not a striking analogy
f between the despotism of King George of execrated
> memory, and the unmitigated tyranny of the
l principle announced by the gentleman from Gil
[ mer? a principle whicn, I had supposed, w*as
i buried too deep beneath the blood and carnage of .
- our glorious revolution ever to be exhumed, re- j
1 suscitated, and re-produced in a Georgia Lcgisla
> tore—a principle, sir, even the kingly assumption
• of which stirred the deepest depths of the great
American heart, roused her patriot sons to arms—
a principle, the refutation of which cost America \
the lives of her noblest sons, an ocean of patriot •
■ gore—a principle, the overthrow of which gave 1
i freedom birth, and America a position and a name
—a principle, the re.assumption of which would
snatch the brightest gem from Georgia’s glorious <
r coronet, and stamp her the veriestftaachine of des- ]
potism and oppression. Sir, whilst I assert and <
maintain the absolute rights of my constituents to .
trade w here they can buy lowest and sell highest,
and to create, at their'own expense, such facilities •
for the transportation of their products as will he
most conducive to their interest and prosperity, I J
deny the allegation, that the erection of this road <
would have a tendency to divert the trade and
commerce of Georgia. On contrary, 1
think I have shown that it has become indisp’ensa- (
bly necessary to preserve and augment it. 1
Mr. Pickett—Will the gentleman from Union i
permit me so ask him a question ? <
Mr. Smith—Certainly. Propound a dozen, if <
you desire.
Mr. Pickett—Then will you permit me to amend (
your bill, by saying you shan’t connect, with the 1
“Rabun Gap road V” ]
Mr. Smith— Shan't, shan't, no, sir—that is a word, -
long Since expunged from the freeman’s vocabula
ry! Thinkest thou my constituents, are base-born 1
slaves, to bow to the behest, or nod to a tyrant? j
No, sir—sooner would I see this bill consumed by
- lightning of Heaven, and the road engulphe’d
by an earthquake, than recognize your right, to say
shan't to those who have honored me with their 1
suffrage! Does the gentleman not only wish to j
place himself on record against the onward <
march of improvement, but also against foreign .
commerce? if so, I envy him not the distinction. 1
If foreign commerce be prejudicial to the interest :
of Mate or nation, then were the iiborigiuees of
this vast continent, where navigable rivers were <
unrippled by the Indians* canoe, supremely blest ]
—then was the invention of steam, through the
agency of which our wide-spread commerce is 1
whitening every ocean and navigable stream on 1
the globe, the direst curse to which State or nation <
has ever fallen heir to. (
If commercial ignorance and seclusion be bliss,
then, indeed, were it folly to be commercially great I
or wise; but if, on the contrary, it be beneficial,
as all sane men must admit, and Northern Georgia \
can enrich herself, and greatly increase the reve
nues of the State, by supplying South Carolina
from her vast store house of surplus products,
whence the right or policy to thwart this laudable ,
project? If Rabun Gap be the natural channel of
commerce, what mortal power can revoke or conn- 5
teract the decree ?
What! cun you lull the winged winds to sleep?
<>r rest the rolling world? Chain the heaving deep?
The one is as feasible as the other, and he who has
the temerity to attempt it, will find more congenial
companionship among the hallucinated victims of
the Lunatic Asylum, than in the Legislative Hall.
1 have ever been taught that the proudest boast
and boon of the American, be he on the burning
sand of Africa, the icebergs of Greenland, or on
the mountain billows of the tempest tossed deep, :
consisted in the consciousness with which he thun
dered in the teeth of an aggressive foe. lam an
American, her laws extend to,gaud her stars and
! stripes will protect, defend or avenge me—shall it,
then, be said, because the Blue Ridge looms up be
tween my constituents, and this, our common cap
» tol, that they do not possess, and may not rightful
, ly exercise, all the rights and privileges guaranteed
1 to middle and lower Georgians? Unaiscriminu
: ting God of mv fathers; patriots, statesmen of
• Georgia, forbid !
Why this unjust and invidious discrimination
against my constituents? Has Executive, State or
f National, ever made a requisition of us, and we re
sponded not ? llv the bloody record of Mexico’s
well-fought battle field—by "the red glare of the
burning and desolate homes of your own Florida
frontier—l answer, no!
The gentleman appeals to members, by their
love of their own sea-port towns, to defeat this
• bill. 1 appeal not to sea-coast Georgia, by their
• exposed position—to Middle Georgia, as the re
■ cipients of State aid—but I invoke you, by your
■ magnanimity, your love of justice and equality,
! your detestation for oppression and tyranny, to aid
• me m the passage of this bill, and the expulsion of
> tyranny and proscription from this House.
. From the Atlanta Dailg Examiner.
Speech of Mr. S. J. Smith, of Union.
i We present our readers to-day, with the speech
. of the Representative of Union county, in our State
[ Legislature, Mr. S. J. Smith, ou the bill to incorpo
r rate the Hiwassee Railroad Company. It was at
t our earnest solicitation—influenced by more reasons
x than one—that this gentleman consented to write
, out his remarks aud hand them to us for publica
t tion. In the first place, he represents a county in
x which our paper has a very large circulation, and
3 for which we do most of the legal advertising. In
the second place, the Democracy of Union county,
in fact, all the citizens thereof-feel, and have a
l deep interest in the construction of the Hiwassee
_ railroad, and are naturally anxious to hear from
their representatives, and of his efforts to procure
s privileges desired by, and so important to them.
‘ t And, in the third place, because we think this gen
tleman has been unjustly reflected upon, by the
correspondent of the Savannah Georgian, at this
e place, whose refined taste and city-seaboard asso
ciations, doubtless have not prepared his delicately
strong nerves, for, if lie will have it so, the bois
terous eloquence of our hardy, liberty-loving, both
in speech and action, Blue Ridge Mountain Demo
' crate.
e Our readers in Union county will perceive, in
3 perusing the speech of their representative, that
0 he has zealously, and with signal ability and clo-
L ‘ quence, advocated in the Legislature, a measure of
e “deliverance and liberty” to them —deliverance
* from obstructions which nature has placed in their
■ path to a market, and liberty to trade, upon terms
3 of equality with their more favored fellow-citizens,
' this side the mountain, on the line of the Western
* and Atlantic railroad. Indeed, it was a topic—the
I charter asked by the company—which was well
* calculated to excite deep feeling in the breast of
* him who represented our friends in Union county,
'• and the result was the impassioned, fervid, aiid
eloquent appeal, which he made to the House. But
' we will not stop here. The points presented, and
argument, do mil justice to the proposed measure,
‘ and conclusively show, that the interests of the
'■ sneaker’s constituency were wisely entrusted to
n able and faithful hands. The failure of success,
•» on its first trial before the House, must be attribu-
j 1 ted to causes and influences over which he had no
™ control. Its reconsideration and passage thereat
y ter, by a majority of eleven, was, indeed, a tri
umph. We congratulate his constituency upon it.
[ ~ It affords us, also, great gratification to say, that
“ we have witnessed, with pleasure and pride, the
r > high-toned independence, liberality and patriotism
8 which have characterized the legislation of the
II representative from Union county, during the ses
-11 sion of the Legislature. Governed by no sectional
7 interests—restrained from his duty to the State at
‘ large, by no local prejudices or disappointments,
. he nas met every measure with no shrinking point,
l ” and has invariably cast his vote, after deliberately
l * determining upon the merits of the question.—
r Guarding the Treasury of the State with a jealous
eye, he has been far, however, from acting on the
‘ principle, that if he could not “eat the hay him
-11 self, no one else should eat it;” but on all propp&r
[' ed measures of enlightened policy and usefulness,
he has been found at his post, sustaining them.
11 No member of the present Legislature can show u
clearer, cleaner, and more patriotic record, than S.
’» J. Smith, the Representative from Union county.
It has, also, afforded us much gratification to
hear of his course on the bill of Mr. Crook—the
able representative from Chattooga county—to ap
propriate fifty thousand dollars to aid emigration
n from the South to Kansas. We were not present
it at the debate which took place on this bill, on
ir Monday last; but, if we are correctly advised, our
t, own representative, Mr. Harms, and the represen
h Uitive from Union, occupied antagonistic positions
- in reference to it—the latter supporting, and the
former opposing the measure. It would be im
proper in us to censure the course of the represen
tative from Fulton, from a mere hearsay of posi
tions assumed by him in his speech on that occa
sion ; hence, we refrain, trusting to the future for
reliuble and more specific information, as to his
grounds of opposition to the bill. Hut as regards
the representative from Union, we can, with pleas
ure, say, that with him the fourth Resolution of
the Georgia Platform is no mockery—that South
ern Rights is no farce—and that Northern aggres
sion must be lepelled, at anv and every sacrifice.
The theory that slavery is to be restricted within its
present limits, and that the slaveholder, with his
slaves, should be discouraged from emigrating to
Kansas, or that Southern men, slaveholders them
selves, or sons of sires that are so, are not to be
trusted in Kansas, is a theory that wo believe n >t
in, and deeply regret to think, that anv Southern
uian can, for a moment, entertain it. It is a doc
trine that the stern, unflinching, anti-Know Noth
ing Democracy and Whigs of Georgia, yea, nine
teen-twentieths of the people of the South, will re
pudiate, whenever it is advanced. Like the repre
sentative from Union, they will not tolerate it for
an hour!
MARRIED,
On the morning of the 13th inst., by the Rev. S.
G. Daniel, Rev. Geo. Macaulkt, Rector of St. Ste
phens Church, and Miss Elizabeth R., eldest
daughter of Mr. Fielding and Mrs. Elizabeth A.
Lewis, all of Milledgeville.
On Monday, the 11th inst., hv Rev. Win. Smith,
C. L. Barbour, Esqr., Junior Editor of the Atlanta
Examiner, and Miss Sallie C. Morgan, of Ijß-
G range.
W The Great Russian Remedy,—Pro
Bono Publico.—“Every mother should have a'box
in the house handy, in ease of accidents to the
children.”
Redding's Russia Salve.—lt is a Boston remedy
of thirty years’ standing, and is recommended by
physicians. It is a sure and speedy cure for Burns,
Piles, Boils, Corns, Felons, Chilblains, and Old
Sores, of every kind ; for Fever Sores, Ulcers, Itch,
Scald Head, Nettle Rash, Bunions, Sore Nipples,
(recommended by nurses,) Whitlows, Sties, Fes
ters, Flea Bites, Spider Stings, Frozen Limbs, Salt
Rheum, Scurvy, Sore and Cracked Lips, Sore Nose,
Warts and Flesh Wounds, it is a most valuable
remedy and cure, which can be testified to by thou
sands who have used it in the city of Boston and
vicinity, for the last thirty years. In no instance
will this Salve do an injury, or interfere with a
physician’s prescriptions. Ii is made from the
purest materials, from a recipe brought from Rus
sia—of articles growing in that country —and the
proprietors have letters from all classes, clergy
men. physicians, sea captains, nurses and others,
who have used it themselves, ami recommend it to
others. Redding’s Russia SALVE is put up in
large tin boxes, stamped on the cover with a pic
ture of a horse and a disabled soldier, which pic
ture is also engraved on the wrapper. Price, 25
cents a box. Sold at all the stores in town or
country, or may be ordered of any wholesale Drug
gist. REDDING A CO., Proprietors.
For sale by GEO. OATES, at his Book, Music
and Piano Store, Broud-st. dAccowtim fob 17
—The Law Partnership of
A. .1. A T. W. MILLER lmvmg been dissolved by
the death of ANDREW J. MILLER, the under
signed have united, for the practice of Law, under
the firm name of MILLERS & JACKSON.
T. W. MILLER,
.JOHN K. JACKSON,
FRANK H. MILLER.
Augusta, February 15, 1858.
feblfj df&clm
Law Notice.—The undersigned will
give attention to business entrusted to their care,
in all the counties of the Middle District, and in
Warren county, of the Northern.
MI LLERS A JACKSON.
Augusta, February 15, 185 G. feblOd+Aclra
SIXTY DAYS after date, application will be
made to the Honorable the Court of Ordinary
of Burke countv, for leave to sell the Real Esate
belonging to John W. Diekev, late of said county,
deceased. FREEMAN W. B. PERKINS,
feb'2o Executor.
DISSOLUTION.
THE Partnership heretofore existing between
thi* undersigned, under the name of GEO.
W. ALLEN A CO., is this de.v dissolved by mu
tual consent. JETT TIIOMAS is alone authorized
to collect the assets.
GEORGE W. ALLEN.
JETT THOMAS.
Elberton, Ga., Feb. IJ, 1850. df«tc2 febiiO
PARTICULAR NOTICE
(JURAT SALE OF FACTORY STOCK.
IT having been determined to increase the Cap
ital Stock of the Lawreneeville Manufacturing
Company, Two Hundred and Fifty shares of the
NEW STOCK will be offered for sale, before the
Court-House dour in Lawrinceville, on the first
Tuesday in April next.
Tlie sale will commence at 10 o’clock, A. M., and
continue until all is sold.
Terms of sale-one-ludf cash, and the other
half payable iu thirty days.
Persons wishing to invest, and desiring more
particular information, will be promptly responded
to by the undersigned, if adddressea.
J. S. PETERSON, Agent,
feblO-dhvctd Ijiwreneerille, Gwinnett co., Ga.
CARD. ■
4kl R office having been consumed bv fire on
" “ tin night of the 2Jlh in ', and with it alt the
notes and accounts remaining in our bunds for col
lection, we beg clients who have submitted these
demands to our care, and taken our receipts for
them, to scud us copies at their earliest conveni
ence. JONES & ST URGES.
Attorneys at Law.
Waynesboro’, (iu., Jan. 28.1850. factf jnnSO
£JUNI)HIEK, ON CONSIGNMENT.—
800 sacks SALT; 500 bids. POTATOES;
5o casks RICE; 200 bids, snp’fine FLOUR:
100 boxes li. C. HERRINGS;
It) hbds. New Orleans SUGAR ;
20 bbls. “ “ •<
50 “ CREAM ALE;
50 “ Champagne CIDER;
20 eighth casks COGNAC •
300 bids. Rectified W’illSKT
100 bags BUCKWHEAT;
50 M Spanish SEGARS ;
100 gross MATCHES;
100 baskets CHAMPAGNE •
50 bbls. LARI); no kegs LARD ;
20 kegs Goshen BUTTER ;
20 “ Country “
10 eases SCHNAPPS;
10 “ Madeira WINE;
10 “ French MUSTARD;
300 bbls. LIME;
10 casks Peach BRANDY. For sale hr
GIRARDEY, WHYTE 4 CO.,
feblS General Commission Merchants.
PLANTERS’ HOTEL.
This new, though well known and pop
ular HOTEL, is now being enlarged, tj;;#]
and will be ready, by the first of October m»vt ffßilll
to accommodate* twice as many as heretofore. Pre
viously, it couldonlyin part, in the business season,
accommodate day and transient boarders. From
the above date, families, as well as single persons,
can be well suited with desirable quarters. The
undersigned is now ready to engage rooms as
above. Second story Hall will have suites of room*
with a parlor and* bed rooms attached. Every
room in the addition will have a fire-place, and as to
vent illation, cannot be surpassed.
jy24 JOHN BRIDGES.
is hereby given, to all parties in in
-Ivi terest, residing out of the State of Georgia,
that I shall make application to the Court of Ordi
nary of Scriven county, at the next June Term of
said Court, for an order to distribute the estate of
Martha Herrington, late of said countv, deceased,
among the heirs and distributees of said deceased*
SIMEON HERRINGTON, Adm’r.
febs 2am4m
WTOTICE is hereby given, to all parties in tn-
L w terest, residing out of the State of Georgia,
that I shall make application to the Court of Ordi
nary of Scriven countv, at the next June Term of
said Court, for an order to distribute the estate of
Joseph T. Herrington, lute of said countv, deceas
ed, among the heirs aud distributees ot‘ said de
ceased. JEFFERSON ROBERTS, Adm’r.
subs 2 am 4 m