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[COMMUNICATEE.] •
Squatter Sovereignty better for the South
than B. H. Hill’s position and Doc
trines.
For the Proof \ —The Kansas Territory lies above
thirty-six degrees, under the Missouri Compromise,
passed in 1820. It never could be slave Territory.
Sc, never! The passage of the Kansas bill made
it probable—depending on the will of the people
who settled it If squatter sovereignty is in the
bill of Kansas, ir would or would not, according
to emigration from North or South, affect the
slavery question, and make the Territory more
probable for slavery or less probable as tbe ma
jority preponderated North or South. Opposition
to the Kansas bill and refusal to pass it, which act
repealed the Missouri Compromise, would have
barred and shut out every hope of making Kansas
slave Territory. Without the Kansas bill, slavery
never could go there—with it and squatter Sov
ereignty it would have a chance. Mr. B. 11. Bill
has thrown himself in open opposition to the Kan
sas bill, and doing all he can to make it odious in
the eves of the people. For what purpose? To
keep slavery out of Kansas. Is it so ? Who says
a»y other object ? If an opposer of the Kansas
bill, which would thus forever shut the South out
of Kansas Territory, is not worse for the South
than the Kansas bill, with all its squatter sover
eignty he may want in it, which gives the South a
chance, then no proposition is clear.
I have thus proved squatter sovereign tv, alien
feature, and the devil, with the Kansas bill repeal
ing the Missouri Compromise, is better for the
South than B. H. Hill’s open opposition to the
bill—as the one gives us a chance, and the other
nCD -- Arithmetic.
— t
To the Wmocracy of Georgia.
There is occasionally in the history of politics
some strange freaks. Witness the hubbub that is
made over the opinion of Gov. Walker, of Kansas.
Here is a Democrat saying he has violated the
Kansas bill, and commutes instruction, and must
b** removed—here another, who says he has ex
ceeded his instructions, and ought to be rebuked
and brought to the mark. Here, others say they
see nothing in him violative of the Kansas bill, or
Democratic platform worthy of bonds or death—
and as the slavery men iu Kansas do not complain
of him, they will not. Now, to my mind, this is
all for no good—follow out the demands
of the'tirst—remove Walker—and what is gained?
The appointment of another, who, seeing his
(Walker’s) fate, would likely take the other ex
treme. Then these removing would have to call
another convention and have him removed; and
so on to the end of the game, u sco-saw operation.
The rebukes would cause a resignation, and proba
bly the same thing be brought about as the first,
'i'be last, who see no sin of death or removal,
should quietly and peacefully move on, and let the
end justify them.
What has Walker’s opinion to do with the ques
tion before the people of Georgia? The princi
ples of the Kansas bill, is the great question—the
Democrats for, and the Know Nothings against it.
Is the principles of the bill orthodox, as held by
Democrats? or hetrodox, as held by the Know
Nothings’ Here is the great issue—all others
sink beneath this mountain wave, that will sustain
and bear on its bosom the constitutional rights of
the South in safety to port, if the Democrats are
elected; or will bury deeply beneath its waters the
constitutional rights of the JSouth, if the Know
Nothings succeed. Say not this is declaration.
Ask if the repeal of the’ Missouri compromise, in
the passage of the Kansas bill, did not, and does
not, secure the constitutional rights of the South ?
It’s passage, in the language of another, was worth
more than slavery to a State, for the South.
41 Equality for the southern States in the Union.’’
Then ask again, who is supporting and defending
these equal rights? and the thundering answer is,
the anti-Know Nothings and Democrats. Who
opposing them, and asserting them to be heresies?
The resolutions of I*. 11. Hill, the candidate of the
Know Nothings, comes wailing on the ear as the
deep death knell of the alarm bell at midnight—
who dreamed of the fact, so startling to the w orld,
that in the year 1857, a Georgiau could be found
who would be aligned side by side—upholding
the same banner—teaching the same doctrines—
offering similar resolutions—as the three thousand
Abolition preachers; who “balaam like for wages,”
cursed the Congress of the United States for the
Sassage of the Kansas bill—repealing tbe odious
lissouri compromise— and yet the Know Nothing
candidate for Governor personates the man. Such
being itic strong*of hqw marvel
ous is it, that way over in Kansas a Gov Or nor
hunted as a lion ; when in our midst tbe hyena,
that would cat out " equal rights ” under the Con
stitnlion, is abroad in open day, and no tocsin is
sounded. The hunt is tierce after the Governor in
Kansas ; who, as is alleged, has departed from a
principle deemed vital—while the would be Gov
ernor of Georgia— who would destroy that very
principle—is permitted to pass'/ Where is the
thunder of old Elbert/ Is kausas lost in the dis
tance—! hope not. The indomitable sharp shoot
ers of old Troup, though few, are still on ram
parts with their banners to the breeze, for the
Kansas bill and the Constitution—“ oil, on, ye
Brave! to victory or death
Shall we still follow the shadow to strike llie
blow, and let the substauce pass by untouched V
Let us to Lorse and defend our own domicils, and
let Kansas take care of herself—until the enemies
of our constitutional rights—and second by the
election of Judge Brown. Then we can go out on
a camp hunt alter the runaways from onr non-in
tervention fields ; if before that time they iiave not
returned to work in the vineyard of—
Equal Kiliits.
[COWK t'NICATSD.J
Hr. Jiditor: Permit me, through the columns of
tbe Omst'dutlunaliet, to make some remarks on a
portion of the Hon. !!. If. Hill’s letter of accep
tance. In that letter he uses the following lan-'
goage:
“The Kansas-Nebruska bill had two construc
tions during"the canvass—a northern and southern
construction. Mr. Buchanan really believed jn the
northern construction; indeed, he and Walker
originated the doctrine contained in the northern
construction. But he was supported in the South
under the southern Democratic view of the Kan
sas bill, and was elected.”
Now, what does Mr. Hill mean, in the foregoing
extract, by the “northern and southern construc
tion ” of the Kansas-Ne’tiraska bill ? Does he re
fer to the question of squatter sovereignly ? 11 he
does, he is correct in saying there were two con
structions, a northern and a southern, of the bill.
Tbe Know Nothings of the South, and, perhaps,
some of the northern Democrats, contended that
the bill contained that principle, and that Mr. Bu
chanan was also in favor of tbe doctrine. And the
southern Democracy believed and insisted that the
doctrine of squatter sovereignty found no place in
the Kansas bill, and also that Mr. Buchanan was
opposed to that doctrine. But, is it in rest renee to
the principle of squatter sovereignty that Mr. Hill's
“northern and southern construction” in tl e above
quotation is spoken of? If so, he is certainly in
great error, when he says that Buchanan “really
believed in the northern construction.” For, in his
“inaugural address,” Mr. Buchanan comes out in
uninistukable language in opposition to the north
ern construction. After having stated that Bu
chanan “was supported in the fitouth under the
southern Democratic view of the Kansas bill, and
elected,” and after having stated that he (Buchan
an,i had adopted the plan of eoading the Territorial
act of Kansas, “by falling back on the northern
construction of the bill,” Mr. Hill goes on to
elfarge, indirectly, that the honest men of the South
“were misled, under the circumstances of the can
vass, to support Mr. Buchanan.” We ask him how,
or in reference to what principle, were the “hones!
men” of the South misled during the last canvass
into the support of Mr. Buchanan? What was the
“southern Democratic view” of the Kansas bill, un
der which Mr. Hill says Buchanan was supported?
Was it not, that neither Mr. Buchanan believed
in, nor the Kansas bill contained, squatter sover
eignty ? If so, the “honest men” of the South
were not “misled,” for this odious doctrine has
been repudiated by the President, and it has no
practical tr theoretical existence in Kansas. If
this is what Mr. Hill means by the “southern
Democratic view of the Kansas bill,” the people
have not been misled in reference to it, but it is
well known that Mr. Hill and his party, in tbe
South, did endeavor to mislead the people by
teaching that squatter sovereignty was in iheKan
sas bill, and that it was approved by Buchanan.
The people, however, had too much intelligence
.and sound sense to be thua deceived. But what
does Mr. Hill mean by “northern construction,”
when he says the plan was to evade the act (the
, territorial act of Kansas) bv falling back on the
northern construction of the Kansas bill’ Is
i “northern construction” used by Mr. Hill as
synonymous with squatter sovereignty ? If so he
1 must mean that Buchanan and Walker are’en
deavoring to carry out that principle in Kansas.
: But it is evident to every one who knows the
. meaning of the phrase, squatter sovereignty that
, it is not being enforced in Kansas.
, Thus far we have been considering that Mr.
' Hill > by the phrase, “northern and southern con
i strucuon, ’as applied to the Kansas-. Nebraska bill,
. had reference to the different opinions entertained
during the last Presidential canvass, on the sub
ject of squatter sovereignty. Eut if he referred to
that doctrine, he certainly fell into some gross er
rors. Perhaps, however, he did not have refer
s once to that doctrine, but to some other feature of
the bill, upon which there was a difference of opin
ion between the northern and southern people. If
so, what was that other feature? Was it alien
suffrage ? There were not two constructions about
that part. True, some may have liked that fea
ture, whilst others disliked it. But there was on
ly one construction of it. What do his two con
structions refer to? Judging from one part of his
letter, we might be induced to think that his
two “constructions” had reference to the ques
tion, “ whether the convention which shall
meet to form a Constitution for Kansas, should
refer it back to the people for ratification or
not?” Yet he certainly cannot have intended
to be thus understood ; for all intelligent men
know that the question of refering the Constitu
tion of Kansas, when adopted by the Convention,
to the people, for ratification, was not a question
mooted or agitated during the last canvass. What,
then, once more we ask, does Mr. Hill mean by his
“northern and southern construction of the Kan
sas bill,” as used in his letter of acceptance?
It is our own candid opinion that he did not
mean anything, but that he intended it to effect a
great deal, if possible. It is a sheer trick to ex
cite prejudice against the Democratic party of this
State, and to catch votes. In a prenous part of
his letter he had charged Mr. Walker, in the se
verest terms, with having violated the “ great prin
ciple of non-intervention, and had condemned Mr.
Buchanan for not repudiating Walker. What,
then, the use of all that long paragraph about
■ northern and southern construction ? Does his
charge in it against Walker and Buchanan
amount to anything more than a violation ot
the principle of non-intervention? The gist of
the charge in that paragraph is that they “ insist
that while the Convention may frame, yet all the
• actual residents must vote upon the Constitution
before it should be adopted,” Ac. Is this carrying
out squatter sovereignty, or is it anything more
than, or different from intervention, or improper
i interference? We think not. But to charge Walker
i and Buchanan with tlie political crime of inter ven
, tion’y is not sufficient for Mr. Hill. On that ques
tion, during the last canvass, there was no differ
ence of opinion in the South. All believed the
hansas-Nebiaska bill embodied that principle ;
and all—both Know Nothings and Democrats—be
lieved that Mr. Buchanan was in favor ol that bill
and the principle of
Walker and Buchanan have violated that principle,
the Democracy of Georgia and the South are not
to blame for it. Neither does such treachery enti
tle the Know Nothing party to any credit or re
ward. They, too, have been deceived as much us
the Democracy. They never once told us that Mr.
Buchanan would prove unfaithful to the principle
of non-intervention. So far, then, as the principle
of non-intervention has been violated, (if at all,) the
Democracy of this State are not to blame for it, and
this Mr. Hill, knew the honest, sensible people of the
State would see. Therefore he must bring up
some other charge, by which, if possible, und the
exercise of all his sophistry, lie might render the
Democracy of Georgia particeps crimints with
Walker. For this purpose, he introduces his
“northern and southern construction,” and en-
I denvors to affix to the southern Democracy the
guilt of having misled the “honest men” of the
South into the support of Mr. Buchanan. That
the southern Democrats had a certain “view” of the
Kansas bill; that they succeeded in making thepeo
ple believe that Buchanan concurred in their “view’
of that bill; but that, instead of their view of that
bill and Buchanan’s agreeing, that he “really be
lieved in the northern construction.” And hence,
that the southern Democracy were either too much
prejudiced or too ignorant to understand aright
Buchanan’s position of the Kansas bill; or of course,
that they knew Buchanan’s opinion was one way,
and they “misted” the people by making them be
lieve it was just the opposite. This we think
was one object Mr. Hill bad in view, by his “north
ern and southern construction” paragraph. To
i make the people of Georgia believe that the Dem
ocratic party of this State induced the people to
support Mr. Buchanan, by making them believe
that his construction of the Kansas bill was differ
ent from what it really was ; and hence, that the
Democracy of the State deserve the condemnation
for misleading the people, and that Walker and
fcfJMP have b*eu consistent all the time. But
Mr. iiill is not satiiye'J wim mmugnie
ocratic party, for that would itmplr place it on *.
level with "his own, which is condemned by the
great body of honest American people; he wishes
to eulogize. the Know Nothing party, to build it vp
“upon the ruins ” of every other party ; and to do
this, was another object of his “ northern aud
southern construction” paragraph. Ah ! yes, the
Democrats, either purposely or through ignorance,
“misled” the “honest men” of the South to sup
port Buchanan, by teaching that he was in favor
of that which he was really opposed to; but we,
the Know Nothings, were neither deceived ourselves
nor did we mislead or attempt to mislead any one.
We are wisp and virtuous—we have the sagacity
to see the right and the goodness to follow it; we
can see danger far ahead, we snuff it in the breeze,
and we warned the people of it; therefore, do not
trust the Democrats, they are either too ignorant
to see the truth, or too dishonest to tell it. But
we, the Know Nothing party, know everything;
we are capable, honest and faithful; rely upon us,
or rather, vote for B. 11. Hill, and elect him Gov
ernor. *Such seems to be the purport and aim of
Mr. Hill, in that portion of his letter to which we
! have so often referred.
We have before shown that tbe “ honest men ”
l of the South were not “ mislead ” into the support
>of Mr. Buchanan—that they were not deceived as
I to the construction of the Kansas bill, nor as to
! Mr. Buchanan’s views of it; but that the Know
i Nothings were in error in both respects, and that
i they endeavored to mislead the people into the
. | same error. Folk.
[ COMMUNICATED.]
Ellerton, Ga., Aug. 10, 1857.
Mr. Editor: I learn from several friends that tbe
classification of Judge Wright, of Floyd, as a
Southern Rights man in 1850, in my letter of the
’ 20th July, was incorrect. I did not intend to do
him injustice, and I know he will readily acquit
me of any such purpose. There was no material
5 difference in principle between Judge Wright and
myself in relation to Walker’s conduct in Kansas.
' His substitute declared that the Inaugural Address
* of Gov. Walker was “ a direct and palpable viola-
L tion of the covenant of the Kansas and Nebraska
act and of the Cincinnati Platform,” and further,
' “if it did not involve his removal, calls for the
unqualified disapprobation of the President.” I
; preferred to express further, that fidelity to bis
\ principles demanded of Mr. Buchanan liis removal
> from office. This 44 direct and palpable violation”
has continued ; there* h-is been no disapprobation
1 of the President made known, either qualified or
unqualified, and Gov. Walker has not been re
-5 moved. In view of these facts, Judge Wright and
those who voted for his substitute stand, I presume,
where they ought to stand— 44 in direct and palpa
ble” hostility to the Administration, in its efforts
: to turn the Georgia Democracy into a Freesoil par
ty, by making them approve or excuse Walkei’s
, treachery m Kansas. Claiming them, then, as al
lies in the great work of contending against this
infamous scheme, I could intend them no injustice.
’ On the contrary, I rejoice that the Democracy of
the Fifth District selected a standard-bearer who
had the honesty and boldness to tell the 44 Presi
dent of our choice” that the conduct of bis ap
. pointee was a “ direct and palpable violation” of
the law of tbe land, and that the case called for his,
the President’s, unqualified disapprobation or
W alker s removal from office. If these bold decla
rations of their candidate are any index to the
feelings and views of those who nominated him,
Mr. Buchanan will get but little aid and comfort
from the Cherokee Democracy in his vile efforts to
abolitionize the South.
1 It seems, also, I was wrong in attribnting the ar
ticle signed “ Equal Rights,’ y in your paper to a
member of the Convention from the county of
Clark. This mistake occurs in the article signed
1 44 Troop,” which was written by me and published
; in your daily of the 6th inst. In this also I cheer
fully stand corrected.
With these two exceptions, no point of fact or
conclusion in either of my letters has been success
-1 fully controverted.
Respectfully; Thomas W. Thomas.
(COMMUNICATED.) •
Mr. Editor: Our worthy standard bearer for the
Second Congressional district, Hon. Martin J.
Crawford, opened the campaign in behalf of the
national Democracy, at this place, with an address
to the citizens of this part of the county of Pulas
ki, in which he effectually vindicated the princi
ples of our party. The Democracy were satisfied
upon the conclusion of his speech, (which was of
some two hours duration,) that a more able and
eloquent exponent of our principles could not have
been selected. He has served us faithfully m the
last Congress, and the people of this Districi in
tend to show their gratitude for his past services
by rc-electiug him with an increased majority.
You may be assured that Pulaski county will give
Drown and Crawford a majority equal to that she
gave for Johnson and Crawford in 1855, and will
probably increase it. To-day, Mr. Crawford will
address the people in the eastern portion of the
county, at Gum Swamp, and then proceed to fulfil
his other appointments throughout the District.
Yours, truly, 8.
Hawkmaville, Aug. 12,1857.
[communicated.]
Democratic Meeting m Putnam*
The Democratic party of Putnam county are
requested to meet at the Court House, in Eatonton,
on the first Tuesday of September next, as busi
ness of importance will be brought before the par
ty for their action. It is further expected that
each district will be represented, and that each
Militia district send at least five delegates. Dem
ocrats don’t forget the day.
Many Democrats.
Eatonton, August 11, 1857.
[communicated. J
Mr. Editor: The course pursued by those Demo
crats who are endeavoring to defend, not only the
President in his appointment of Walker as Gov
ernor of Kansas, but the inaugural of Gov. Walker,
also,is strange,inconsistent and amusing. The*Sbu£A
ern Banner being llie most rampant and reckless
defendants of Walker and the Administration in
Georgia, we will make it our example to prove
everything charged, to be true. Ever since the
meeting of our State Convention, the Banner has
been “whipping the devil round the stump,” and
trying to produce the impression, that it stands
upon the third resolution of that Convention; but
the editors of that paper have succeeded in deceiv
ing no one, not even themselves, as to their position.
From its issue of July 23d, we make the following
extract, and leave the candid reader*to locate for
himself, the whereabouts of the Banner upon the
important issues now before the country: “We
have thought these opinions of Walker’s were ob
jectionable from the first, but did not think them
sufficient to demand hie recall.” Now, the third res
olution distinctly states, that “ this Convention
has full confidence that Mr. Buchanan will mani
fest his fidelity to the principles which earned him
into office, by recalling Gov. Walker.’* Will any,
can, any sane man read the above extract from
the Banner , aud the third resolution, and then say
it endorses the action of our recent State Conven
tion ? Can it be said, that the Banner is defending
the interests and the rights of the South, instead
of patting that vile traitor, Walker, on the back,
and saying—“ Go it Governor, Mr. Buchanan ap
poihted you, and if you do make Kansas a fret*
State—if you no rob us of the South of every ves
tige of our rights in Kansas, we will, neverthe
less, defend you in your Abolitiou mission, rather
than wound the feelings of Mr. Buchanan and
When southern men, men who have been born
and raised in the South, will thus endeavor to de
fend those men who are working for the annihila
tion of our institutions, it is time for every true
Southerner to ask himself the question, “Whither
are we drifting f”
All candid men admit that Gov. Walker has vio
lated the principles of non-intervention, as estab
lished by the Kansas bill; and this bill being a
law of the Union, he has, of course, violated the
laws which it behooved him, as Governor of that
Territory, to abide by and to execute. This being
true, the removal of Walker turns upon this ques
tion: Ought public officers to be sustained in the
violation of the laws of their country ? We say not.
President Buchanan in failing to remove Genernor
Walker from the Governorship of that Territory,
has rendered himself equally as reprehensible as
Walker himself. Mr. Buchanan we pronounce as
unworthy of the confidence which the people of
the South reposed in him, in elevating him to his
present responsible position, and the only way in
wo cad m«n\fs*t our dUMipruOaUuD of hit '
treacherous ness, is to cut loose from TTTr
tratiwn and deliver it into the hands of its Repub
lican friends. This course has been object
ed to upon the ground that by so doing, we
will destroy our national organization, and
thereby aid in the election of a Black Republican
to the Presidency in 1860. This is the same as
saying, that if the southern Democracy does not
aid in abolitionizing Kansas, the northern Demo
cracy will unite with the Republicans, and defeat
the next Democratic candidate for the Presidency.
Now, those men who entertain such an opinion as
this of the northern portion of our party, certainly
do not think it a very sound one. So far from be
lieving this to be true, it is iny candid opinion
that the Democratic party North, docs not endorse
the violation, by the President and his official, the
principles of the Kansas bill—principles which
they ratified by voting for Buchanan, as he pledged
himself to them in his letter of acceptance. But
even admitting that the cutting loose of the south
ern Democracy from the administration would
drive the northern wing of the party into the Re
publican ranks, we are nevertheless bound by a
decent self-respect to denounce the men and mea
sures which have dealt such a fatal blow to the
cause of the South in Kansas. What—yes, iu the
r.ame of all that is reasonable what, I say, arc we
to gain by a union with northern Democrats, if we
are bound to sustain measures so detrimental to
our own interests, in order to prevent the bursting
up of such uuion ? I am proud of the National
Democratic party —I rejoice at its prosperity and
its victories. But, Mr. Editor, lam prouder still
of the South, and to advance her interests, I am
willing, if it be necessary, to burst asunder the
fetters of party ties, and‘rally under the banner
which has inscribed upon its folds —“ The South
before Party” But, as I have said, the disconnect
’ iug of ourselves from the President and the ad
: ministration, will not injure the party. No trie
1 Democrat will abandon principles w hich he be
. lieves correct, simply because the party has aban
doned an official in whom we have been deceived.
, A portion of our party say that we are too hasty
in condemning the President—that we ought to
give him time. How long are wt to wait? Is it
until Gov. Walker succeeds in making Kansas a
free State, that we are called on to wait? No, we
will not wait; Buchanan and Walker have sold out
to Greeley, Bennett, and Raymond, aud how can
we, as honorable men, as men who are actuated
by patriotic motives end T eve of the South and
i her instimlions, give ‘.hem our support?
G WIHNETT.
The Tax Returns ol Greene County.
The follow iug is a computed list of the Tax Ile
i turns of this county. We extract it from the
’ book of the Receiver:
■ Polls 730
1 Professions 22
, Free persons of color 10
■ Children between 8 and 18 years 805
i Number of slaves 8,230
• Acres of land, Ist quality r..... 13
i “ “ “ 2d “ 47,592
“ «* “ 3d “ 208,740
s Acres of Pine Land 27 '.to
Aggregate value of land $1,8»
f Aggregate value of city and town pro
► perty 24 .8511
■ Aggregate value of slaves 3,56 1 >l ’ >
■ Muney and solvent debts of all kinds. .
F Merchandize . 108,
, All other capital invested in stocks of
any kind, manufactories, Ac 114,136
Value of household and kitchen furni
ture, over $300..... 23,335
Aggregate value of all other property
not before enumerated, except plnnta
-1 tion and mechanical tools, annual
crops, provisions, Ac 320,447
Aggregate value of whole property 7,411,744
Tax on professions, dentists, polls, free
persons of color, Ac 423 00
Temperance Crusader.
Law Department in Franklin Collloe.—We
understand the trustees of Franklin College have
appropriated ten thousand dollars for the erection
of a building on the site of the old Presbyterian
church, opposite the Newton House, to be used as
a law school. —Athens Banner , Aug. 18.
From the St. Paul {Min.) Advertiser.
Letter from Mr. Toombs—The Land
Grant lor Minnesota Railroad*
St. Paul, April 30, 1857.
Hon. Robert Toombs— Sir : At a numerous meet
ing ot the citizens of St. Paul, and citizens of Alin
nessota sojourning at St. Paul, held on the 26th of
March, it was determined, in addition to general
arrangements for a suitable celebration of the pas
sage by Congress of the Minnesota land grant in
aid of railroad construction, to express the gene
ral and grateful appreciation in which your disin
terested and valuable advocacy of that measure is
held in this community, by inviting you to visit
the Territory during the ensuing summer, and to
accept the compliment of a public dinner at St.
Paul, upon some day to be designated as most con
venient to yourself.
As a committee appointed by the meeting to
communicate this request, we would express the
hope that your engagements will admit of an ex
cursion to’Minnesota during the summer, aud to a
further acquaintance with a community, with
whose future prosperity and progress, your name
will be conspicuously identified.
We remain, sir, yours respectfully,
James W. Taylor,
Wm. Hollinshbad,
W. L. Banning,
A. G. Fuller,
L. A. Babcock.
Washington, Ga., July IStb, 1857.
Gentlemen : Your letter of April 30tb, enclosing
me the resolutions passed at St. Paul, by a portion
of the people of Minnesota, inviting me to a din
ner, has been duly received. It was my hope and
earnest desire to visit the Upper Mississippi (in
cluding Minnesota,) during the present summer,
and I expected until recently to be able to accept
the honor tendered by your public meeting. But
a recent accident prevents me temporarily from
traveling, and I am therefore reluctantlv compelled
to deny myself that pleasure. In the ’exercise of
its large constitutional power to “ dispose of” the
public lands, it is the duty of the Federal goveri -
ment to promote the prosperity and interest of the
new States and Territories to every extent compati
ble with the rights of the common owners. This
should be a fundamental principle governing such
disposition. The policy of granting alternate sec
tions of the public lands to the States and Territo
ries in which they lie, for the purposes of internal
improvements, under the conditions embraced in
the act to which you refer, falls within this
principle, and is sound, wise aud constitu
tional. Its judicious application has been ap
proved and supported by me since my entrance
into the iederal legislature. It does not cost the
treasury a single dollar, and it develops the
resources of our new* settlements with a ra
pidity and solidity hitherto unexampled in the
history of the world. Appeals are constantly made
to the old States against it, and it is often asserted
by the opponents of the policy, that it appropri- I
ates a common fund to promote local interests. If ;
this was true, the objection would be well taken,
but its whole force rests upon an error in fact!
After exposure to the highest bidder at public
sale, all unsold public lands are subject to entry
at one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre, until
further reduced by the late graduation act. Then
to grant alternate sections of such lands for inter
nal improvements and doubling the price of the
remaining alternate sections, brings precisely the
same amount of money into the public treasury.
Our experience shows that such improvements do
in fact double the market value of the sections re
served by the government, and that they are more
readily sold at the double price than other land of
equal natural value, not affected by such improve
ments, can be sold at the minimum price. This
single fact, attested by the records of the land of
fice, wholly overturns the objection. And it is
perfectly clear that if the railroad companies,
whose great profits arising from their enterprise
are frequently referred to for the purpose of excit
ing hostility to the system, by arousing the baser
passions of human nature, liad entered and paid
for, at the minimum price, all the public lauds
within the limits of their grants, their pro
fits would have been enormously enlarged. Yet
this can be done at any time by any who may
choose to do it. The government would not
thereby get a single additional dollar, and the
profits of the companies would be greatly increas
ed. It is true that the new Stages are greatly bene
litted by this policy, but the old States are in no
wise injured and partake iu the general prosperity
which it promotes. Until nearly the end qf the
last Congress, the benefits of this policy } ia d not
been granted to Minnesota, notwithstanding the
earnest, able and indefatigable efforts of your dis
tinguished representative, the ilon. H. AI. Rice
Sinister influences outside of your Territory in
the face of his stern, upright and manly opposi
ti< n, sought to make your great interests subser
vient to schemes of private speculation. I deemed
t '“ B cr **«is to interpose to aid him in
his effort-to secure your equal and just rights, to
rescue tbriagrant from the grasp of mercenary
specu 1 plyo it solely under the conj
■ * iewe ob iP. ct - 8 wc ‘ 10
IVV nVUr**t\7
grZuf, tmmmm hands by Congress, un
tramme)ied,NM7l be faithfliUv applied td the noble
public ujes for which it was designed, and that the
million* of freemen who are destined to occupy
great State may receive its benefits through distant
ages. Thus to use it will be the best vindication of
the policy, aud of those who sustain it. Please
return my thanks to those whom you represent for
the honor tendered me, and my regrets for my
inability to accept it.
1 am very respectfully, your obedient serv’t,
It. Toombs. :
Alcssrs. Jus. W. Taylor, Wm. Ilollitishead, W.
L. Banning, A. G. Fuller, L. A. Babcock.
Additional by the Canada*
Halifax, Aug. 11.—The royal mail steamer
Canada, from Liverpool on the Ist inst., arrived
here this afternoon.
Liverpool. —Cotton closed with an advancing
tendency. Sale* for the week €2,«XK) bales, of
which speculators took 9,000, and exporters 4,500
bales. Orleans Fair, 8%; Middling, 8%; Uplands
Fair, 8%; Middling, P.%. Stock in port 496,000
bales, of which 403,500 are American.
Breadstuff's were steady and quiet. Flour closed
steady. Western Canal 30 a Southern 30
a?la., Ohio 223. Wheat had a declining tenden
cy, and prices were easier, but not quotably chang
ed. Corn was quiet. White, 455.
The weather had been favorable for the crops.
Provisions. —Beef closed buoyant. Pork was
firm, with an advance of 2s. on finer qualities.
Bacon was quiet. Lard closed buoyant at 06 aCBs.,
and 60s. for choice.
Richardson A Brothers quote flour dull at a de
cline of Is. a 2s.
The Brokers’ Circular quotes sugar quiet. Cof
fee quiet. Rice dull. Tea, holders demand an
advance. Rosin steady at 4s. 2d. for common.
Spirits of turpentine steady and active at 10s.
London Markets. —Baring’s Circular reports
money iu an increased demand at 5% a 6 per cent
Bullion decreasing. Consols for money.
Wheat had a declining tendency. Sugar quiet.
Tea firmer. Rice quiet.
American securities were nominal.
In the House of Commons the government was
in a minority of sixty on a division forasccoud
reading of the superannuation bill, a motion for a
second reading having been carried.
Lord Palmerston said the government would
offer no further opposition.
Fourteen horses ran for the Goodwood cup.
The American horses were fifth and sixth. The
first favorite and two other horses fell so heavily
that the race can hardly be regarded as a criterion.
The Emperor aud Empress of France were ex
pected at the Isle of Wight on the 5th.2
The government intends to send ten thousand
additional troops to India.
The Bombay Times says the rebellion is univer
sal in the Bengal army, and even the seventh na
tive infantry, which had been publicly thanked
three weeks before for loyalitv, had been disarmed.
The Madras army manifested the most perfect loy
ally. A list had been given of fifty-six regiments,
j - portions of regiments, which had mutinied,
! while tweuty were disarmed and one disbanded.
The Bengal army had ceased to exist.
iGerritt Smith’s Experience with Free
Negroes*
A New York correspondent of the Charleston
Courier , says :
44 Gerritt Smith, a notorious Abolitionist, and I
believe a genuine philanthropist, in his way, has
been letting out some ennous facts as to the free
negroes of the North. Air. Smith being a man of
large means, gave lands lying in the interior of
this State to three thousand negroes, upon which
they were to live and show the world their capaci
ty for usefulness and independence. The donor,
in a letter just published, confesses with chagrin
that his expectations were not fully realized. He
continues in this 6train:
“ 4 Os the three thousand colored men to whom
I gave land, probably less than fifty have taken
and continue to hold possession of their grants.
What is worse, half of the three thousand, os I
judge, have either sold or been so care
less as to allow it to bo v ”
South-Western Railroad.
A proof copy of the annual report of the presi
dent, directors, and general superintendent of this
road, for the year ending August Ist, 1857, has
been laid on our table this morning, by John T.
Boifeuillet, Esq., treasury and secretary. We have
‘ only room to-day for the following items from the
president and suberintendeut’s report, showing the
general condition of the road :
FROM PRESIDENT CUYLHT'S REPORT.
“After paying dividends of February and Au
gust, interest due on bonds, and all extraordinary
railroad expenditure, there remains a considerable
surplus, which, as intimated above, is kept to
, guard against any casualty that may occur. That
surplus is shown as follows :
• Net income for the year, after deduct
ing all ordinary current expenses $199,397 04
i Dividend declared in Feb
i ruary last $45,160 00
. Dividend declared to-day. 55,964 00
Interest on Bonds and an
nuity to ihe city of Ma
i con 29,060 02
Extraord’ry expenses, as
by Superintendent’s re
port 49,509 54—179,693 56
Surplus $20,203 78
The bond debt of the Company has been in
creased ten thousand dollars, by bonds issued to
the contractors on the extension. There is no
floating or other debt, of any shape, due by the
Company. The outstanding engagements for ma
terials, do not exceed the sum of twentv-five hun
dred dollars.
FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT'S REPORTS.
Total earnings for the year has been $365,213 92;
previous year $353,092 46. Showing an
increase of $12,121 46. This gain is almost en
tirely from merchandize and passengers, to wit :
Merchandize, (westward,) $15,790 26. Passen
gers, $21,966 96 ; while eastward freight, princi
pally cotton, has fallen off $24,370 81.
From the Xashville ( Tenn.) Union.
The Crops in Tennessee.—From every portion
of the State, we have the most gratifying’ accounts
in regard to the prospects for large crops. The
wheat is rapidly being garnered, and although the
rains which fell upon the crop standing in shocks
in the field, has done some injury in certain quar
ters, we nevertheless believe that the present is
the largest wheat crop ever produced in Tenues*
see.
Corn never looked more promising. The same
may be said of Tobacco. The difficulty of obtain*
iug early plants, caused by the backwardness of
the spring would, it was feared, cut short the crop.
This, however, is not at all likely to be lhe case.
Personal observation in most of the heavy tobacco
growing counties of Middle and West Tennessee,
corroborated by reliable information from others,
| authorizes us to predict, that with an ordinarily
! favorable fall, the present crop will exceed that of
any previous year by at least fifty per cent. We ,
mean, should we have no killing frost before the
25th ot October—the average date for some years
past.
We wish we could speak as hopefuliv of the j
prospects of the cotton planter. We fear, how- i
ever, that the present crop of cotton will fa)! even
below the yield of last year. Such is the calcula
tion oC many well informed planters with whom ,
we have conversed. But granting a falling off in j
cotton, it may yet safelv be said that the crops of !
the State, taken as a whole, were never better, if
even as good, aud we shall look hereafter to see
the year 1857 referred to as the great crop year
in Tennessee.
The Lawrence (Kansas) Herald of Freedom is
sued an extra on the 3d inst., containing the fol
lowing :
“Official evidence has reached Governor Walker,
through the commanding officer at Fort Rilev, that
the Cheyenne Indiaus, in force, have reached that
station, where there is no fortiScation, and only
half a company of infantry. The commanding
officer at the Fort asks for immediate assistance,
attack being hourly eorpectedj* and the garrison
tilled with the wives and children of absent offi
cers aud_ men. The Official report represents that
•the Indians had driven in all settlers and com
mitted several murders in sight of the post.’
“ leader these circumstances Governor Walker
hkS sent Col. Cooke, with the whole force under
his command, to the point of danger. Col. Cooke
started with the advance at eight o’clock a. m., to
day, aud by forced marches nopes to reach Fort
Riley to-morrow evening, accompanied by the
Governor. The rest of the troops follow imme
diately, and will proceed with all possible expedi
tion. It seems to bo wisely ordered by Providence j
that the troops, who are now here so much uearer >
Fort Riley, should thus be enab'ed to reach that \
point in so brief a period, to give speedy protec- j
tion to the garrison and settlers, and it is hoped, I
inflict summary chastisement upon this hostile and
warlike tribe.”
Trouble at ClaytonciUe, K. T. —The sheriff of
Brown county started yesterday morning in pur
suit of a band of desperadoes, twelve in number,
' USJfip.iflSifwa »«sajrs^ji*«swra3BySß.\
some horses and cleared themselves. The party
live on Pony Creek, Kansas Territory.
St. Joseph Journal.
Death or Senator Rusk.—The Nacogdoches
(Texas) Chronicle , extra, of the 30th of July, brings
us the melancholy intelligence of the death of
Thomas J. Rusk, one of the United States Sena
tors from Texas, by his own hand. The Chronicle
says:
! A great calamity has befallen the State of Texas.
I One of her most distinguished and Doblest sous
has fallen. Thomas J. Rusk is no more.
I A gloom hangs over our people—a mystery, thus
far, is connected with the matter. We can only
give the facts and mourn the sad stroke which thus
has deprived Texas and the South of a valued
and useful champion.
Gen. Rusk has, ever since the death of his lady,
. suffered under a mental depression which at times
bore him down beneath its weight. He has, to a
great extent, secluded nimself from society, and
lately that dispondency has been more marked and
apparent to those familiar with him. A severe
illness, from which he was just recovering, had
prostrated him for weeks, and he was suffering
greatly from a rising on the back of his neck.
On yesterday evening, about two o’clock his
' family’ hearing the report of a gun and the fall of
a body, ran to the spot, and found him lying dead
upon the ground, behind the gallery at the back
1 of the house, with a rifle under him. A coroner’s
* jury was summoned, from whose verdict we ex
> tract the following:
“The cause of his death was a gun shot (rifle)
wound on the fore part of the head, inflicted from
a rifle gun held iu his own hands and discharged
■ by himself.”
1 No further clue can be given to this mystery.
No papers or writings of the same day have been
found; except a letter addressed to a gentleman in
New Orleans, ordering a tombstone for his wife,
with this inscription :
“ BLESSED ARE THE PURE IN HEART, FOR THEY SHALL
SEE GOD.”
Let the people mourn the loss of a man, who, on
the field of battle, and in the councils of the State
and nation, has proved himself to be worthy the
proud place already accorded him in the affections
of the people.
We cheerfully give place to the following
communication:
Warrenton, Ga., August 13,1857.
Mr. Editor : In your daily of yesterday, in com
menting on the proceedings of the American Con
vention, held in this place on the 6th inst, you
say, “In looking over the published list of dele
gates to that Convention, we find the names of
George Stapleton, Benning B. Moore, and As. M.
■ Cody, (we suppose M. D. the right initials of the
delegate from Warren). These three geutlemen
were members of the Legislature of 1853-*54, and
voted for the following resolution, referring to and
■ quoting the Kansas resolution, so well known. In
, justice to my friend, Mr. M. 1). Cody, who was my
, colleague from Warren during that session,and who
. is now absent from home, f will state that he was
not in the Convention of the 6th, and that Air. M.
M. Cody was the delegate. I have no idea that
Air. AI. D. Cody knew of the resolutions of that
Convention uutil he saw them published. I make
1 this correction as a simple act of justice to him.
Your obedient servant,
Edw. 11. Pottle.
Col. Richard M. Johnston.—This gentleman
has been elected Professor of Belles-Lettres in
’ Franklin College, and will accept the position.
He is the very man for that department, and will
unquestionably prove a valuable acquisition. It
suits his literary taste and elegant scholarship
much better than law or politics, or tbe department
offered him in connection with the Presidency of
Mercer University. We only regret thd necessity
of his removal from a circle of friends, whose best ,
wishes and prayers for his success iu life will ever
follow him. . j
BandsrsvUle Central Georgian , 1-th inst. j
New York, Aug. 13.—The United States store j 1
i ship Supply, from Rio, has just anchored below.
Supposed Suicide.—A yonn/ man, known s.
Thomas Durham, died yesterday morning, at Col.
Mcßain a Hotel, irom the effects of laudanum It
is not known whether he took the drugon purpose
«"° * his existence; but it has Te“n
*7“ ,h " t h ® had *aken at least an ounce
and a half, and before it was suspected, he was too
. B° ne *o administer any antidote or give reliel
L“ He was barkeeper for the hotel, and
nown as a moral and industrious young man.
The deceased was about twenty-one or two® years
of a ge. America* Republican, Aug. 13.
the Aug f 11 • —Advices from Kansas to
or had b , een received - Governor Walk
troops the V awr . eDce wi,h ‘he United States
pS^nX P ss ehenSlon ° f 8D lDdia “ »«**
COMMERCIAL.
Market, August 13—ft f» \t
nobles iSnO
WHEAT.-The market continues unsettled, and sales arc
daily made at prices varying from 10 to 15 cents ? bushel The
largest lots always command the highest prices, while small
parce.3 ore the most irregular in price.
Cotton Statement.
The New Orleans Prices Current, of Saturday, Sth August,
furnishes the allowing Cotton statement: b ’
Decreased receipts this year .
" exports to Great Britain;'.'.:::::: u'irZ
to other f.irelgn ports tcaiS
“ to all foreign pons :.; TlffaS?
. ' .. “ to northern ports
Increased stocks and on shipboard ; ;;;;;;;
This statement, of course, refers to tlie latest dates received
at New Orleans up to the Sth August of this year, compared
with the same dates received last year at New Orleans oa the
same day.
Galveston Cotton Statement—Aug. 1.
g
~ S^STfci.-«i'.;:'::::;;:; ;;;;;;;;;• •;igvjj
Total 39,361.
Exported since Sept. 1, to Great Britain.. ..btdeeV.fcTfe’'
i ranee 4,4.23
< Kber i 'ontineutal ports 6,687
New Orleans \\ w*
Mobile *
Baltimore*
Philadelphia .!!!*!!!! !!!!
New York *2y.4V{
Bo6ton ’.‘. 19,*59;:—37,59G
Remaining on hand and on shipboard, not cleared ftSM
From the Xcw Orleans Prices Current , Aug. 3.
_ , , Stock us Cotton.
Below will be found a statement of the stock of Cotton in
presses, and on shipboard not cleared, on Wednesday morning,
the sth instant. The amount found, after maUog the propor
allowance for made bates from waste and damaged cc-ttcn,
sample?. &c., requires the addition to our receipts of 7,609
bale-. The particulars of the stock are as follows :
Orleans l*ross bales. .2,901
Pelican Pro*s 2,y77
Levee Pit s.- * 45. l
Plante-.?* Press * j *742
Alah.v.o.l Press 1 450
Freret’s Press 10^7
Shippers’ Press ...1! 1,061
I .otilsiana Prcas 79»;
U nlon Press *] ’ ’ 712
Mlssisaipjd Prrss 711
Tesasi^.. m
Wood's Press !«.<«
Ship Levi Woodbury 1,324
Ship Jhbasticook 1.100
Ship Ann Washburn 044
Ship’ Milton 153
Nhlp Glad Tidings ’ ‘' 152
Ship .luliet 51
Ship Jane D.Cooper I.'. n_ ,440
Actual stock found In preMess and on shipboard.)
not cleared on the morning of Wednesday, the;- *21,804
Add amount received since taking stock. . *274
„ , . iiiia
Deduct amount cleared since taking stock ‘220
Stock in presses and on shipboard, not cleared on) A . O
the 7th instant \ 2i * m
STATEMENT Or COTTON.
Stock on hand Ist Sept., 1800 bales— 0,996
Arrived past week 483
Arriv.-d previously, 1,511,745—1,512,228
Additional bales made from waste and damaged
cotton, samples, Ac 4,000
„ 1,5*23,228
Exported past week 1,541
Exported previously 1,499,734—1,501,276
Stock on hand and on shipboard bales.. 21,94$
SAVANNAH, Aug. 11, 4 p. tu.— Cotton*— We report one
sale to-day of 85 bales, at 14 X cents.
MEMPHIS, Aug. 11.—There has been but very little anima
tion in the market for some time: and the light stocks have
caused prices to be maintained for many of the leading articles
of consumption that would otherwise materially decline. The
reports <»t the crop continue favorable, aud the weather is pro
pitious for both Cotton and Corn.
Cotton.—The Cotton market is quite, dull; the receipts being
slight, and but few transactions oeeuring.
H'Affiit.-Tbe receipts of Wheat are qnite equal to the de
mand. and prices are prettv well sustained. The ruling rate#
from inferior to extra qualities, are 90c. to #1 05 bushel.
Provisions.— The priced in Provisions are fully sustained,
owing to light stocks.
;i-|to •I ■ ' * :V*. '
Corn.— The market to-day was firm; sales of 80,000 bush
els—mixed 84 )s<*£BS cents. , , , ... ,
Fork. —The market today was firm, with sales of Mess at
♦*2l 300*3* 40.
Jleef.— The market was firm at former rates.
• Lard.— Has advanced Me.—sales at 15|k cents.
Whisky. —ls unchanged; sales at 81 cents for Ohio.
CHATTANOOGA. Aug. B.—The river rose about three lect
last, night, unexpectedly disturbing lumber. Ac., too near its
domain, to the Injury ol the owners. It is still rising fad up
to 12 M. to-day. The steamer Holston is at the wharf. Other
steamers have arrived and departed during the week.
The arrivals of wheat have boon heavy, so as to command
the advance prices. The rapid decline, as shown by our quo
tations, will cause a rapid declension in arrivals. Those who
afford to do so, will hold back their Wheat at present
prices but we apprehend prices will not improve. Ourex
change papers from everr part of the country, give most fiat
teriug accounts of the Wheat crop, which with the prospect ct
an abundant yield of Corn, must keep the prices ot these
cereals down to something like living rates to consumers. We
quote this week : Bacon, nog round, 14@15.: Lard. 17c.: Corn,
sacks included. 7-V- 39c.: Corn Meal. T-VrtSOe.; Flour, from
new whe.it, #6 50; Wheat, 75Q80; Whisky Ss<*«:4o.
ATLANTA, Aug. 11.—We have had frequent showers dur
ing the past week, and much wanner weather than for several
weeks previously. The receipts and sales of the week have
been quite large. We hear of sales of leading articles, by one
house, which amount t*» over #10,500!
Receipts per Western and Atlantic railroad, for week ending
August ?th, 1857: Wheat. 3,700 sacks; Bacon, 10 hhds. and 10
boxes ' T Flour, 250 sacks ; Lime, 95 bbls.: Whisky, 120 do.
MACON, Aug. 12.— Cotton.— Sales generally from 12 to 14
cents. Some fine Cotton has been sold at 14 of which
there is very little in market. _
NEW YORK, Aug. 18.-Kowr.-The market to-day was
tin'.: ; with sales of 4,500,bb15. at #6 45f'i#6 60 for common to
good Stale; Southern #7 20GV #7 50.
Wheat.—' The market to-day was firm: with sales of 70,00$
bushels—red #1 70tt*l 72; Southern white #1 80C*si#l 82M.
Com.—The market to day was firm ; sales of 89,000 bush
els—raised SC cents.
Fork.— Prices have advanced 10 cents for Mess, ami 10 eeul/v
on Prime, with sales of Moss at #2l 60@#24 60, and Prime
#l9 508*19 60.
Beef.— The market was firm at former rates.
1 Lard. —The market to day was firm—sales at l ' \' cents.
Whisky—ls unchanged—sales at 30 cents for Ohio.
CINCINNATI, Aug. 11.—Flour, SCQ#6 10 for Superfine.
' Wheat active; Oats<KX£7o ; Whisky 25.5 c.; Bacon 12@s4c.;
Pork 24c.; Lard, li>c,
„ ST. LOUIS. Aug. 11.—Flour *6; Wheat #1 75®*1 26;
Com, mixed 706972 c.; white 74c.; Oats 40054 c. Hemp #! 16
®*l 25; Tobacco to 13c.
Fram Jtrtwer <£ Caldttcirs Circutar.
NKW YORK, A-e. 12.—Cotton—Is exc'edingiy firn:* c
no time during the be.uwn U:vs the article beeu in greater ta« • ,
or held with more confidence as to the fuiurv—-yet d .! 7
operations are moderate, as the exporters or ahippcn are v! ..g
very little, In consequence of their orders living generally lim
ited below our present range of figures: therefore we have to
depend mainly on our home spinners, who my verv sp iring, y
and pay * u rcluct uitiy the present prices. Ihe impress:
1 prevails that the mills will neither resort to very short tim©
1 nor close. If this prove correct, and accounts ot growing
crop continue unfavorable, (as they are per latest mats dates,>
• with the moderate stock we liave, and the improbability or - s
l)oing materially replenished for some time to come—we must
«re d Mglier wale of Hc.irea. \\ tnw our qm.trtlonssliEhtlj,
, Upland. St. Marks. Mobile. 6.U.&Texis
Orulnarv 12Ji013 12X@W
Middling IBX 15M
Middling Fair 16><
of‘S «h JSf N- VSk SUtO
1 Hour (old) )u» advanced l'«»S0 cents * bWj. there beln* light
• receipts aid a good demand. Now #« r. I >d *m re gen >{
, has declined; our citv nidlcrs are ’JES?~h
1 ‘»d & made at
£I 5 -f The quotations are as follows :
flew York State common brands, *6 450*6 60; do. Extra,
St Southern-Old mixed and good brands, *< 35®
f' wf- 1 Ifliorv gnfi #;» oa, atter for choice family,
: !o 7 w° : NgSTwiS? «-n
ne „:. ft S renort. the receipts having hc.n
thcsc twSstitrea'coiSrableportion Is out of order owing
o *Com—f I'-wTlfSKed 3<?C4 cents since our report of the sth in
ataiit We mentioned in our last, 60.000 bushels on Uiews-/
from Chicago to Buffalo—it should have been OdO.ooo bushe.s;
upward of 21S,0(j|bf this arrived, and was offered for sale cn
the 10th In this market. We quote white 95@98c.; yellow, bS
®9oc.; Mixed Western
DIED
At Rural Hill, near Lexington, Oglethopc county, on theTßth
lost.. Marti.x Mocknino, child of Lewi? J. Dupree, aged 1$
months .mU 15 days.
ztr Christian Index please copy.